2012 lprac socio economic study

8/2/2019 2012 LPRAC Socio Economic Study

1/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf7

Dgsml` [`km`*Fk`l`jmk [svc}

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SSaaff DDggssmmll` ggllcc UUvvffrrss` __mmkkggll GGhhhhggmmrr{{

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Saf Kflsfr h`r _f{fgrka ( Uvodmk U`dmk}

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Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf?

[sgsfjfls `h K`lhmcflsmgdms} glc @lfr{amu

Gdd `h saf glgd}{f{$ hmlcmlb{$ glc cgsg k`lsgmlfc msaml sam{ rfu`rs grf saf fqkdv{mxf ur`ufrs} `h safDgsml` glc Uvfrs` _mkgl Ghhgmr{ K`jjm{{m`l msa `hhmkf{ d`kgsfc ml Agrsh`rc$ K`llfksmkvs,

G{ rfwvmrfc o} saf K`cf `h Fsamk{ `h saf Lgsm`lgd K`vlkmd `l Uvodmk U`dd{ glc saf Vlmsfc [sgsf{Urmxgk} Gks `h 7=23$ Saf Kflsfr h`r _f{fgrka glc Uvodmk U`dmk} jgmlsgml{ saf gl`l}jms} `hrf{u`lcfls{ s` {vrxf}{ saf hmrj k`lcvks{, L` mlh`rjgsm`l mdd of rfdfg{fc sags jmbas$ ml gl} g}$rfxfgd saf mcflsms} `h saf rf{u`lcfls,

J`rf`xfr$ l` mlh`rjgsm`l rfbgrcmlb saf{f hmlcmlb{ mdd of rfdfg{fc msa`vs saf fqurf{{ rmssflk`l{fls `h gl gvsa`rm~fc rfurf{flsgsmxf `h saf Dgsml` glc Uvfrs` _mkgl Ghhgmr{ K`jjm{{m`l,


3/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf;

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Mlsr`cvksm`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ugbf 3

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Jfsa`c`d`b},,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ugbf 8

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Ambadmbas{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ugbf 2

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[vjjgr} `h Hmlcmlb{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ugbf 7?

Wvgdms} `h Dmhf ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7?

[fdh [vhhmkmflk} / A`v{mlb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7;

Fcvkgsm`l / Kamdcrfl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7=

Cm{krmjmlgsm`l / Kvdsvrf ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?7

Uvodmk [ghfs} ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?;

Afgdsa [sgsv{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ?6

Cfj brguamk{,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 37


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Guuflcmq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ugbf 3;[vrxf} Ml{srvjfls

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5/46


7MLS_@CVKSM@L

Saf Kflsfr h`r _f{fgrka ( Uvodmk U`dmk} !K_UU- m{ udfg{fc s` urf{fls saf rf{vds{ `h g [`km`*Fk`l`jmk [svc} k`lcvksfc gj`lb Am{uglmk{ sar`vba`vs saf [sgsf `h K`llfksmkvs,

Saf Dgsml` [`km`*Fk`l`jmk [svc} g{ k`jjm{{m`lfc o} saf Dgsml` glc Uvfrs` _mkgl Ghhgmr{K`jjm{{m`l,

Saf {svc} jfg{vrf{ kvrrfls {`kmgd glc fk`l`jmk {sgsv{ `h Am{uglmk{ dmxmlb ml K`llfksmkvs, Saf{svc} k`ddfks{ mluvs gj`lb Am{uglmk{ ml {mq mju`rsgls grfg{> wvgdms} `h dmhf$ {fdh*{vhhmkmflk} (a`v{mlb$ fcvkgsm`l ( kamdcrfl$ cm{krmjmlgsm`l ( kvdsvrf$ uvodmk {ghfs} glc afgdsa {sgsv{,

[vrxf}{ gj`lb gcvds Am{uglmk{ frf gd{` k`lcvksfc ml 7==2$ ?555$ ?55? glc ?552, Rafrf {mjmdgr

wvf{sm`l{ frf u`{fc$ srgkimlb mlh`rjgsm`l hr`j urfxm`v{ }fgr{ m{ gd{` urf{flsfc,

Hvrsafr$ ml ?57? afgdsa wvf{sm`l{ hr`j saf Kflsfr{ h`r Cm{fg{f K`lsr`d !KCK- Ofagxm`rgd _m{iHgks`r [vrxfmddglkf [vrxf} !O_H[[- frf rfudmkgsfc ml saf [`km`*Fk`l`jmk {vrxf} h`r k`jugrm{`luvru`{f{, K`llfksmkvs {ufkmhmk rf{vds{ grf urf{flsfc msaml saf Afgdsa {fksm`l h sam{ rfu`rs,

Saf {svc} ml ?57? mlkdvcfc g {vrxf} gj`lb 355$ gcvds rf{mcfls Am{uglmk{ {sgsfmcf,

Gcvds rf{mcfls{ wvgdmhmfc s` ugrsmkmugsf h`r saf {vrxf} mh saf} frf Am{uglmk glc fmbasffl }fgr{ `h gbf`r `dcfr,

Saf {vrxf} ml{srvjfls fjud`}fc h`r saf [svc} gj`lb gcvds Am{uglmk{ mlkdvcfc saf h`dd`mlb grfg{h`r mlxf{smbgsm`l>

Wvgdms} `h dmhf glc {sglcgrc `h dmxmlb9 Kvrrfls a`v{mlb {s`ki$ `lfr{amu glc ghh`rcgomdms}9 Fjud`}jfls glc fk`l`jmk {sgsv{9 Fjud`}fr {vuu`rs h`r srgmlmlb$ fcvkgsm`l glc afgdsa ml{vrglkf9 Ufrkfusm`l{ `h cm{krmjmlgsm`l ml a`v{mlb$ `ri$ dflcmlb glc dg flh`rkfjfls9 Xmf{ `h saf K`llfksmkvs Nvcmkmgd [}{sfj `l hgmrlf{{9 Xmf{ `l Am{uglmk kvdsvrf9 @umlm`l{ `l {ghfs} gs a`jf glc ml saf lfmbao`ra``c9 Kvrrfls afgdsa {sgsv{9 glc Cfj`brguamk{,


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Sam{ rfu`rs {vjjgrm~f{ {sgsm{smk{ k`ddfksfc hr`j sfdfua`lf {vrxf}{ `h Am{uglmk gcvds{ k`lcvksfc mlJgrka$ ?57?,

H`dd`mlb sam{ Mlsr`cvksm`l$ g Jfsa`c`d`b} [fksm`l fqudgml{ saf jfsa`c`d`bmf{ fjud`}fc$ jgrbml{

h`r frr`r glc saf k`lhmcflkf dfxfd h`r saf {sgsm{smk{ k`ddfksfc,

[fksm`l MMM k`lsgml{ Ambadmbas{ amdf [fksm`l MX a`dc{ g [vjjgr} `h Hmlcmlb{ g lgrrgsmxf gkk`vls`h saf cgsg,

Saf Guuflcmq s` saf rfu`rs k`lsgml{ g k`u} `h saf {vrxf} ml{srvjfls glc g kr`{{*sgovdgsm`l sgodf,


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Saf Kflsfr h`r _f{fgrka ( Uvodmk U`dmk} vsmdm~fc g wvglsmsgsmxf rf{fgrka cf{mbl s` k`ddfks kvrrflsxmf{ `l g mcf rglbf `h m{{vf{, K_UU {sghh k`judfsfc 355 {vrxf}{ msa Am{uglmk gcvds{ dmxmlb mlK`llfksmkvs,

Gcvds Am{uglmk rf{mcfls{ frf mlsfrxmffc ofsffl 6>55 u,j, vlsmd =>55 u,j, fficg}{ glc 75>55g,j, glc 3>55 u,j, `l ffiflc{,

K`judfsm`l rgsf{ grf g krmsmkgd g{ufks `h gl} sfdfua`lf {vrxf} rf{fgrka, Fhh`rs{ frf jgcf s` kgdd{gjudf jfjofr{ ogki vu s` fmbas smjf{ s` fl{vrf mlkdv{m`l ml saf {vrxf}, Kgdd ogki{ frf grrglbfcafl g rf{u`lcfls {vbbf{sfc g j`rf k`lxflmfls smjf s` kgdd,

G amba k`judfsm`l rgsf jfgl{ sags g amba ufrkflsgbf `h saf rf{mcfls{ msaml saf `rmbmlgd {gjudffrf gksvgdd} k`lsgksfc, K_UU jgmlsgmlfc g 8=& k`judfsm`l rgsf `l gdd kgdd{ jgcf cvrmlb saf Dgsml`[`km`*Fk`l`jmk [svc},

K_UU vsmdm~fc g {vufr rglc`j cmbms {gjudmlb ur`kfcvrf h`r saf rf{mcflsmgd {vrxf}{$ gdd`mlb safmlkdv{m`l `h vldm{sfc a`v{fa`dc{ msaml saf {gjudf, Gccmsm`lgdd}$ kfdd ua`lf mlsfrxmf{ frfk`lcvksfc s` fl{vrf ugrsmkmugsm`l `h rf{u`lcfls{ msa`vs dglcdmlf{,

Gdd hgkfs{ `h saf {svc} frf j`lms`rfc o} K_UU{ {flm`r {sghh, Saf{f g{ufks{ mlkdvcf> {vrxf}cf{mbl$ {gjudf cf{mbl$ urf*sf{s$ hmfdcmlb$ k`cmlb$ fcmsmlb$ cgsg flsr}$ xfrmhmkgsm`l$ xgdmcgsm`l$ k`juvsfr

glgd}{m{$ glgd}{m{$ glc rfu`rs rmsmlb,

[sgsm{smkgdd}$ g {gjudf `h 355 {vrxf} rf{u`lcfls{ rfurf{fls{ g jgrbml h`r frr`r `h )/*6,5& gs g =6&k`lhmcflkf dfxfd, Ml saf`r}$ sam{ {gjudf `h Am{uglmk rf{mcfls{ mdd cmhhfr l` j`rf sagl )/*6,5& saglmh gdd Am{uglmk rf{mcfls{ ml K`llfksmkvs frf mlsfrxmffc glc mlkdvcfc ml saf [svc},


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AMBADMBAS[

@L @XF_GDD _F[VDS[

Saf [`km`*Fk`l`jmk [svc} ag{ offl k`lcvksfc ml 7==2$ ?555$ ?55?$ ?552 glc ?57?, Rafrfgrfg{ `h wvf{sm`lmlb agxf offl rfudmkgsfc `xfr saf }fgr{$ rfgcfr{ mdd {ff sags$ bflfrgdd}$k`lcmsm`l{ h`r Am{uglmk{ ml K`llfksmkvs agxf ur`brf{{fc fdd `xfr saf sfl*}fgr ufrm`c `h7==2 ?552,

A`fxfr$ ml ?57?$ sam{ rfu`rs {vbbf{s{ cfkdmlf{ ml {`km`*fk`l`jmk k`lcmsm`l{ ml j`{s grfg{xmffc, [`jfsmjf{$ saf{f cfkdmlf{ grf {mblmhmkgls, J`{s mdd gbrff saf cfkdmlf ofbgl ml dgsf?552 glc k`mlkmcfc msa saf hgdsfrmlb fk`l`j},

Saf C`jml`f{ Fhhfks m{ hfds sar vba`vs sam{ rfu`rs, H`r fqgjudf$ ambafr vlfjud`}jflsjfgl{ hffr uf`udf msa afgdsa*kgrf ml{vrglkf, Sa`{f msa`vs afgdsa kgrf ml{vrglkf grfl`s rmb`r`v{ go`vs urfxflsmxf afgdsa*kgrf, G u``r fk`l`j} gd{` jfgl{ hffr fjud`}fr{`hhfrmlb afgdsa ml{vrglkf hvrsafr fqg{ufrgsmlb fhh`rs{ s` bfs rf{mcfls{ mls` afgdsa kgrfr`vsmlf{,

Saf fk`l`jmk mjugks ag{ jfgls a`jf lfr{amu m{ c`l$ {gdgrmf{ grf c`l$ glc fjud`}fr{vuu`rs h`r srgmlmlb glc k`ddfbf k`vr{f rfmjovr{fjfls m{ gd{` c`l,

Saf Dgsml` ( Uvfrs` _mkgl Ghhgmr{ K`jjm{{m`l$ sar`vba sam{ {svc}$ m{ d``imlb j`rf kd`{fd}

gs grfg{ mju`rsgls s` safmr fhh`rs{, Saf{f mlkdvcf>

[fdh [vhhmkmflk} / A`v{mlb9 Fcvkgsm`l /Kamdcrfl9 Cm{krmjmlgsm`l / Kvdsvrf9 Uvodmk [ghfs}9 glc Afgdsa [sgsv{,

Hvrsafr$ h`r saf hmr{s smjf$ afgdsa*kgrf rf{vds{ grf k`jugrfc s` saf KCK{ Ofagxm`rgd _m{iHgks`r [vrxfmddglkf [vrxf} !O_H[[- rf{vds{ h`r saf [sgsf `h K`llfksmkvs, Sam{ mdd of afduhvdafl rfxmfmlb lffc$ gj`lb Am{uglmk{$ h`r afgdsa*kgrf {vuu`rs,


9/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf=

@L WVGDMS] @H DMHF

Sa`{f rfu`rsmlb safmr wvgdms} `h dmhf m{ ofssfr `r saf {gjf$ ovs b``cgrf c`l s`25,6& hr`j 13,;& ml ?552,

Nv{s vlcfr agdh `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ 3=,5&$ mlcmkgsfc saf} grf ofssfr `hh hmlglkmgdd}s`cg} sagl saf} frf s` }fgr{ gb`, Sam{ m{ c`l {dmbasd} hr`j 65,7& ml ?552 ovsc`l {mblmhmkglsd} hr`j 2=,3& ml ?555 glc 81,7& ml ?55?,

@L [FDH [VHHMKMFLK]/A@V[MLB

Sa`{f rfu`rsmlb saf} `l safmr l a`jf grf c`l s` 3=,=& hr`j 63,5& ml ?552,

S`*samrc{ `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ 88,;&$ mlcmkgsfc sags a`v{mlb g{ xfr} `r {`jfagsghh`rcgodf, Sam{ m{ gl mlkrfg{f hr`j 67,6& ml ?552 glc g cfkdmlf hr`j 23,8& ml ?55?,

@l fjud`}jfls$ 68,5& {gmc saf} grf `rimlb hvdd smjf c`l hr`j 87,7& ml ?552, Vlfjud`}jfls glc d`ìmlb h`r `ri m{ rfu`rsfc gs 7?,5& ** j`rf sagl c`vodf saf

ufrkflsgbf !3,1&- rfk`rcfc ml ?552,

Ramdf sa`{f kvrrflsd} a`dcmlb s` nò{ rfjgmlfc k`l{sgls 7;,1& glc 7;,5& ml ?57?glc ?552$ rf{ufksmxfd} saf lvjofr `h sa`{f kvrrflsd} a`dcmlb sarff nò{ j`xfc vus` ?,=& hr`j 5,2& glc 5,6& ml ?552 glc ?55?$ rf{ufksmxfd},

Nv{s 35,2& mlcmkgsfc saf} fqufrmflkfc g {gdgr} mlkrfg{f `xfr saf ug{s }fgr k`jugrfcs` 62,3& rfu`rsmlb saf {gjf ml ?552,

Ramdf 6,3& {vbbf{s saf} kvrrflsd} `l safmr `l ov{mlf{{$ 37,?& mlcmkgsfc saf}`vdc dmif s`, Gj`lb ov{mlf{{ `lfr{ glc sa`{f m{amlb s `l$ 3?,3& {g} saf}`vdc il` afrf s` b` h`r gcxmkf `r hmlglkmgd afdu ml g lf `r fquglcfc ov{mlf{{fhh`rs,

Mjurf{{mxfd}$ sa`{f msa mlsfrlfs gkkf{{ gs a`jf$ `ri `r o`sa grf 18,1& **{mblmhmkglsd} ambafr sagl saf lgsm`l gxfrgbf `h 28,5&,


10/46


@L FCVKGSM@L /KAMDC_FL

Fjud`}fr {vuu`rs ag{ cr`uufc ml mju`rsgls grfg{ urfxm`v{d} jfg{vrfc

Srgmlmlb ur`brgj{ c`l s` 6?,1& hr`j 88,=& ml ?552 glc 27,?& ml ?55?, Sfkal`d`b} srgmlmlb c`l s` 35,1& hr`j 3=,;& ml ?552 glc 3=,2& ml ?55?, _fmjovr{fjfls h`r k`ddfbf k`vr{f{ c`l s` ;2,6& hr`j 36,?& ml ?552 glc 32,5&

ml ?55?,

Lfgrd} s`*samrc{ `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{ !87,5&- mlcmkgsfc safrf g{ g smjf afl saf}glsfc s` uvr{vf gccmsm`lgd fcvkgsm`l ovs k`vdc l`s ofkgv{f `h k`{s,

J`{s rf{u`lcfls{ {ff fl`vba gkkf{{ s` omrsa k`lsr`d amdf j`{s rf{u`lcfls{ {ff s``hf fgrd} kamdca``c ur`brgj{,

@L CM[K_MJMLGSM@L /KVDSV_F

J`rf Am{uglmk rf{u`lcfls{$ ?8,1&$ grf rfu`rsmlb saf} grf j`{s k`jh`rsgodf{ufgimlb ml Flbdm{a k`jugrfc s` 72,=& ml ?552, Glc$ sa`{f j`{s k`jh`rsgodf ml[uglm{a agxf j`xfc ur`brf{{mxfd} d`fr `xfr saf }fgr{ ?=,5& ml ?555 s` ?3,7& ml?55? s` 78,6& ml ?552 glc 7;,5& ml ?57?,

[mblmhmkgls ufrkflsgbf{ `h rf{u`lcfls{ agxf hfds cm{krmjmlgsm`l ml saf `riudgkf$afl uvddfc `xfr o} dg flh`rkfjfls$ afl n`o {ffimlb$ afl {ffimlb a`v{mlb glcafl {ffimlb g d`gl ;1,5&$ ;6,3&$ ;7,5&$ ?2,6& glc ?7,;&$ rf{ufksmxfd},

Glc$ s` gx`mc ofmlb cm{krmjmlgsfc gbgml{s$ ;;,1& {vbbf{sfc saf} `vdc urfhfr s dmxfml g k`jjvlms} msa g {sr`lb Dgsml` urf{flkf,

_f{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc s` rgsf saf K`llfksmkvs K`vrs [}{sfj `l cfdmxfrmlb nv{smkfml g hgmr jgllfr, Nv{s ??,;& ur`xmcfc g u`{msmxf rgsmlb amdf 3;,? ur`xmcfc g lfbgsmxfrgsmlb, Saf rfjgmlcfr g{ lfvsrgd `r vl{vrf,


11/46


@L UVODMK [GHFS]

Nv{s `xfr s`*hmhsa{ `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ 37,1&$ mlcmkgsfc saf} il` `r agxf agck`lsgks msa g lfmbao`ra``c u`dmkf `hhmkfr,

Lfgrd} s`*hmhsa{ `h rf{u`lcfls{ !;=,6&- ur`xmcfc g u`{msmxf rgsmlb h`r safmrk`jjvlms}{ U`dmkf Cfugrsjfls `l srfgsmlb uf`udf msa rf{ufks, @lf*samrc !;?,1&-ur`xmcfc g u``r rgsmlb, J`{s {frxmkf `rbglm~gsm`l{ {srmxf h`r u`{msmxf `r {gsm{hgksm`lrgsmlb{ ml saf amba 15{,

Ramdf sarff*wvgrsfr{ `h rf{u`lcfls{ !22,1&- hfds {ghf gd`lf ml safmr `llfmbao`ra``c `safr{ hfds df{{ {ghf ml g lfmbao`ra``c ugri !61,;&-$ ml saf

lfmbao`ra``c gd`lf ghsfr cgri !6?,5&-$ `r gd`lf ml ov{mlf{{ grfg{ ghsfr cgri !36,1&-,

@L AFGDSA [SGSV[

Sa`{f rfu`rsmlb agxmlb afgdsa*kgrf ml{vrglkf k`xfrgbf grf c`l s 2;,1& hr`j16,7& ml ?552,

Ml ?57?$ 17,6& {vbbf{sfc saf} agxf g ufr{`lgd c`ks`r `r afgdsa*kgrf ur xmcfr, Sam{ m{c`l hr`j 1=,5& ml ?552,

[mblmhmkglsd}$ ?;,1& `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{ mlcmkgsfc safrf g{ g smjf `xfr saf dg{s 7?j`lsa{ sags saf} lffcfc s` {ff g c`ks`r ovs k`vdc l`s ofkgv{f `h k`{s, Sam{ m{ vuhr`j 76,=& ml ?552,

Sa`{f a` ugrsmkmugsf ml j`cfrgsf `r xmb`r`v{ ua}{mkgd gksmxms} rfjgmlfc{sgsm{smkgdd} k`l{sgls 81,5& ml ?57? glc 25,7& ml ?552,

G dgrbf jgn`rms}$ 15,;&$ rfu`rsfc agxmlb {ffl g cflsm{s `r xm{msfc g cflsgd kdmlmk `xfrsaf dg{s 7? j`lsa{,

Sa`{f a` {j`if fxfr} cg} `r {`jf cg}{ j`xfc s` ?7,5& hr`j 76,=& ml ?552, Gj`lb gdd `jfl {vrxf}fc$ 6;,?& mlcmkgsfc saf} agxf agc g jgjj`brgj, Sam{ m{

c`l hr`j 8=,7& ml ?552, A`fxfr$ gj`lb nv{s sa`{f `xfr 35 }fgr{ `h gbf$ safufrkflsgbf m{ 1?,=&, Glc$ gj`lb sa`{f `xfr 65 }fgr{ `h gbf$ saf ufrkflsgbg m{1=,6&,


12/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf7?

[mblmhmkglsd}$ 32,=& {vbbf{sfc safrf agxf offl cg}{$ `xfr saf dg{s samrs} cg}{$ aflsaf} hfds {gc$ odvf `r cfurf{{fc, Glc$ 3,1& mlcmkgsfc safrf ag{ offl g smjf msamlsaf dg{s 7? j`lsa{ afl saf} sa`vbas `h sgimlb safmr `l dmhf,

@lf*hmhsa `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ ?5,6& {vbbf{sfc saf} agxf offl s`dc o} g c`ks`r `r`safr afgdsa*kgrf ur`hf{{m`lgd sags saf} agxf g{sajg,

Nv{s vlcfr agdh `h gdd jgdf rf{u`lcfls{$ 38,?&$ {vbbf{sfc saf} agxf agc g cmbmsgd$rfksgd fqgj s` sf{s h`r ur`{sgsf kglkfr,

[vrxf} rf{vds{$ ml 72 grfg{$ kgl of k`jugrfc s` K`llfksmkvs {ufkmhmk O_H[[ rf{vds{, Ml safh`dd`mlb grfg{$ Am{uglmk {vrxf} rf{u`lcfls{ msaml sam{ [svc} frf fmsafr `r{f `hh sagl$ofssfr `hh sagl$ `r fwvgd s` O_H[[ rf{vds{ h`r saf [sgsf `h K`llfksmkvs

R`r{f `hh sagl [sgsfmcf O_H[[ _f{vds{

Agxmlb afgdsa ml{vrglkf k`xfrgbf Rffid} ua}{mkgd gksmxms} Agxmlb afgrs gssgki{ Agxmlb {sr`if{ [j`imlb O`c} Jg{{ Mlcfq !OJM{- Hdv {a`s{ Ulfvj`lmg {a`s{ Ur`{sgsf kglkfr {krfflmlb !Jgdf{ 35)- Agxmlb cmgofsf{ Cgmd} {frxmlb{ `h xfbfsgodf{ Cgmd} {frxmlb{ `h hrvms

Fwvgd s` [sgsfmcf O_H[[ _f{vds{

Agxmlb cflsgd kgrf msaml saf dg{s 7? j`lsa{Ofssfr `hh sagl [sgsfmcf O_H[[ _f{vds{

Jgjj`brgj{ `xfr 35 }fgr{ `h gbf Jgjj`brgj{ `xfr 65 }fgr{ `h gbf Ugu Sf{s{ K`d`rfksgd kglkfr {krfflmlb !3=)-


13/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf7;

[VJJG_] @H HMLCMLB[

Saf h`dd`mlb {fksm`l urf{fls{ rf{vds{ s` {vrxf}{ k`lcvksfc `l ofagdh `h saf Dgsml` glc Uvfrs`_mkgl Ghhgmr{ K`jjm{{m`l gj`lb Am{uglmk Gcvds{,

G kù} `h saf {vrxf} ml{srvjfls m{ mlkdvcfc msaml saf guuflcmq s` sam{ rfu`rs,

Rafl dmif `r {mjmdgr wvf{sm`l{ frf urf{flsfc ml 7==2$ ?555$ ?55?$ glc ?552$ saf{f rf{vds{ grf gd{ùrf{flsfc msa lf$ ?57? cgsg, [vrxf} {gjudf {m~f{ agxf xgrmfc `xfr saf }fgr{, Hvrsafr$ `l afgdsam{{vf{$ saf KCK{ ?575 O_H[[ rf{vds{ h`r saf [sgsf `h K`llfksmkvs grf urf{flsfc h`r k`jugrm{`luvru`{f{,

Wvgdms} `h Dmhf

Ml ?57?$ gdd gcvds rf{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh$ `xfrgdd$ safmr wvgdms} `h dmhf g{ ofssfr$ saf {gjf ovsb``c$ saf {gjf ovs u``r$ `r `r{f sagl ms g{ s` }fgr{ gb`, G s`sgd `h 25,6& {vbbf{sfc safmrwvgdms} `h dmhf g{ ofssfr `r saf {gjf$ ovs b``c k`jugrfc s` 13,;& ml ?552,

Wvgdms} `h Dmhf 7==2 ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?Ofssfr 32,5& 6=,2& 68,3& ;;,3& ;3,6Saf [gjf$ ovs b``c ;?,5 65,= ;8,5

Saf [gjf$ ovs u``r

;3,3. ;7,?.

;,5 6,5 7;,5R`r{f 72,= 1,? 1,7 =,5 76,;. H`r saf 7==2 glc ?555 [vrxf}{$ `ld} sarff ùsm`l{ frf ur`xmcfc> Ofssfr$ Saf [gjf$ `r R`r{f


14/46


Ml ?57?$ df{{ sagl agdh `h Am{uglmk rf{u`lcfls{ rfu`rsfc saf} frf ofssfr `hh hmlglkmgdd} s`cg} sagls` }fgr{ gb`, _f{vds{ grf urf{flsfc ml saf h`dd`mlb sgodf,

Ofssfr `hh Hmlglkmgdd}0 7==2 ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?]f{ 8?,=& 2=,3& 81,7& 65,7& 3=,5L` ;6,= 7=,8 ;7,8 38,6 31,;

[fdh [vhhmkmflk} / A`v{mlb


15/46


Gdd rf{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc s` cf{krmof saf s}uf `h a`jf saf} dmxf ml, Saf h`dd`mlb sgodf urf{fls{saf rf{vds{ g{ k`ddfksfc,

S}uf `h A`v{mlb ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?

[mlbdf hgjmd} ;?,6& 37,8& 36,8& 3=,1Jvdsmudf hgjmd} ?8,7 ?2,; ?8,3 72,5Gugrsjfls k`judfq ;;,5 ?6,? ?7,1 ?6,;K`lc` 2,3 8,5 8,; 8,6J`omdf a`jf 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5A`jf {afdsfr 5,1 5,5 5,5 5,;

Nv{s vlcfr agdh `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ 3=,=&$ rfu`rsfc `lmlb safmr `l a`jf ml ?57?, Sam{ m{ c`l{`jfags hr`j 63,5& ml ?552 glc vu$ `ld} {dmbasd}$ hr`j 3=,5& ml ?55?,


16/46


S`*samrc{ `h ?57? rf{u`lcfls{$ 88,;&$ {vbbf{sfc a`v{mlb s`cg} m{ fmsafr xfr} ghh`rcgodf !7=,1&-`r {`jfags ghh`rcgodf !38,6&-, Ml ?552 glc ?55?$ 67,6& glc 23,8& rfu`rsfc saf {gjf$rf{ufksmxfd}, Ramdf vu hr`j ?552$ sam{ ufrkflsgbf rfjgml{ c`l hr`j ?55?,


17/46


Hvdd*smjf fjud`}jfls ml ?57? guufgr{ s` of c`l amdf sa`{f rfu`rsmlb ofmlb vlfjud`}fc glcd`ìmlb h`r `ri m{ vu {mblmhmkglsd} hr`j ?552,

Fjud`}jfls {sgsv{ g{ cf{krmofc o} rf{u`lcfls{ g{ h`dd`{>

Fjud`}jfls [sgsv{ ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?R`rimlb hvdd smjf 8;,2& 87,8& 87,7& 68,5R`rimlb ugrs smjf 77,6 78,1 =,= 7?,1Vlfjud`}fc$ d`ìmlb h`r`ri

6,1 8,1 3,1 7?,5

Cm{godfc / Vlgodf s` `ri ;,7 3,8 77,= 2,1[svcfls 5,6 5,2 7,5 3,5_fsmrfc 2,1 ;,? 2,= ;,6A`jfjgifr 3,2 3,? 7,; ?,1Vlfjud`}fc$ l`s d`ìmlb ?,8 7,1 7,3 5,1

Saf jgn`rms} `h `rimlb rf{u`lcfls{$ 1;,;&$ a`dc `lf nò !13,=& ml ?552 glc =?,5& ml ?55?-,[`jf$ 7;,1&$ a`dc s` nò{ !7;,5& ml ?552 glc 2,6& ml ?55?-, Hvrsafr$ ?,=& {vbbf{sfc saf}kvrrflsd} a`dc j`rf sagl s` nò{, Sa`{f a`dcmlb sarff `r j`rf nò{ grf vu hr`j 5,2& ml ?552 glc5,6& ml ?55?,


18/46


S`*hmhsa{ !35,2&- mlcmkgsfc safmr {gdgr} mlkrfg{fc `xfr saf ug{s }fgr, Sam{ m{ c`l hr`j 62,3& ml?552 glc 86,=& ml ?55?, Gccmsm`lgdd}$ 7;,1& {vbbf{sfc safmr {gdgr} cfkdmlfc `xfr saf ug{s }fgr,Sam{ m{ vu {mblmhmkglsd} hr`j ;,6& ml ?552,


19/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf7=

_f{u`lcfls{ rfu`rsmlb saf} kvrrflsd} `l g ov{mlf{{ frf 6,3& k`jugrfc s` 6,6& ml ?552 glc;,5& ml ?55?, Saf{f ufrkflsgbf{ grf c`l hr`j 2,?& ml ?555 glc 7?,7& ml 7==2, Hvrsafr$ 37,?&m{a s` `l safmr `l ov{mlf{{ {`jfcg} !3;,;& ml ?552 glc 33,2& ml ?55?-,

@h saf `lfr glc m{a s` `l br`vu{$ nv{s `xfr s`*hmhsa{$ 3?,3&$ {g} saf} `vdc il` afrfs` b` h`r gcxmkf `r hmlglkmgd afdu ml g lf `r fquglcfc ov{mlf{{ fhh`rs !6;,8 ml ?552 glc 33,3& ml?55?-,


20/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf?5

G dgrbf jgn`rms} `h rf{u`lcfls{$ 18,1&$ {vbbf{sfc saf} agxf mlsfrlfs gkkf{{ gs a`jf$ gs `ri `r gso`sa d`kgsm`l{, Saf h`dd`mlb brgua cfumks{ saf rf{vds{ g{ k`ddfksfc,

Fcvkgsm`l / Kamdcrfl

_f{fgrkafr{ g{ifc gdd `rimlb rf{u`lcfls{ mh safmr fjud`}fr `hhfrfc srgmlmlb ur`brgj{$rfmjovr{fjfls h`r k`ddfbf k`vr{f{$ sfkal`d`b} srgmlmlb glc/`r$ ug} h`r gdd `r j`{s `h safmr afgdsa

ml{vrglkf udgl{, Saf h`dd`mlb sgodf {vjjgrm~f{ saf rf{vds{ osgmlfc,

Oflfhms{ @hhfrfc ?55? ?552 ?57?Kvdsvrgdd} gkkf{{modf`riudgkf

21,5& 23,1& L/G

Srgmlmlb ur`brgj{ 27,? 88,= 6?,1Ug} h`r gdd / j`{s `h }`vrafgdsa ml{vrglkf udgl

L/G L/G31,5

Sfkal`d`b} srgmlmlb 3=,2 3=,; 35,1_fmjovr{fjfls h`r k`ddfbfk`vr{f{

32,5 36,?;2,6


21/46


Gdd rf{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh safrf agc offl g smjf afl saf} glsfc s` uvr{vf gccmsm`lgdfcvkgsm`l ovs k`vdc l`s ofkgv{f `h saf k`{s, Nv{s `xfr sarff*hmhsa{$ 87,5&$ {vbbf{sfc safrf g{ {vkag smjf,


22/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf??

_f{fgrkafr{ g{ifc rf{u`lcfls{ mh safrf g{ s`` hf$ s`` jvka$ `r go`vs saf rmbas gj`vls `h gkkf{{s` omrsa k`lsr`d glc fgrd} kamdca``c ur`brgjjmlb, Saf h`dd`mlb brgua urf{fls{ saf rf{vds{ g{k`ddfksfc,

Cm{krmjmlgsm`l / Kvdsvrf


23/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf?;

Gdd rf{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh saf} frf j`{s k`jh`rsgodf {ufgimlb Flbdm{a$ [uglm{a `r fwvgdd}k`jh`rsgodf ml o`sa dglbvgbf{, Saf sgodf ofd` {vjjgrm~f{ saf rf{vds{,

Of{s _fhdfks{ Urfhfrflkf ?555 ?55? ?552?57?

J`{s k`jh`rsgodf ml Flbdm{a 72,7& ?8,=& 72,=& ?8,1&J`{s k`jh`rsgodf ml [uglm{a ?=,5 ?3,7 78,6 7;,5Fwvgdd} k`jh`rsgodf 6;,3 3=,7 86,6 85,5

_f{fgrkafr{ rfgc g lvjofr `h {sgsfjfls{ rfbgrcmlb u`{{modf cm{krmjmlgsm`l glc g{ifc fgka mh saf}{sr`lbd} gbrff$ {`jfags gbrff$ {`jfags cm{gbrffc `r {sr`lbd} cm{gbrffc msa fgka, Safkvjvdgsmxf s`sgd{ h`r sa`{f {sr`lbd} `r {`jfags gbrffmlb grf urf{flsfc ml saf h`dd`mlb sgodf,

[sgsfjfls{ [sr`lbd} ( [`jfagsGbrff

M agxf hfds cm{krmjmlgsfc gbgml{s ml saf `riudgkf ;1,5Safrf ag{ offl g smjf afl M g{ uvddfc `xfr o} dgflh`rkfjfls afl M hfds ms jg} agxf offl cm{krmjmlgs`r}

;6,;

S` gx`mc ofmlb cm{krmjmlgsfc gbgml{s$ j} urfhfrflkf `vdcof s` dmxf ml g k`jjvlms} msa g {sr`lb Dgsml` urf{flkf

;;,1

Rafl n`o {ffimlb$ M agxf fqufrmflkfc cm{krmjmlgsm`l ;7,5M agxf hfds cm{krmjmlgsfc gbgml{s amdf {ffimlb a`v{mlb ?2,6Rafl d``imlb h`r g d`gl$ M agxf offl cm{krmjmlgsfc gbgml{s ?7,;

_f{fgrkafr{ rfgc saf h`dd`mlb wvf{sm`l> Udfg{f samli go`vs saf K`llfksmkvs K`vrs [}{sfj h`r gj`jfls, Udfg{f sfdd jf a` jvka srv{s }`v agxf sags saf K`llfksmkvs K`vrs [}{sfj m{ cfdmxfrmlb


24/46


nv{smkf ml g hgmr jgllfr, Udfg{f v{f g {kgdf `h `lf s` sfl afrf `lf jfgl{ g brfgs gj`vls `h srv{sglc sfl jfgl{ l` srv{s gs gdd,

@lf*hmhsa$ ??,;&$ !37,6&$ ??,3& glc ;3,?& ml ?552$ ?55?$ glc ?555$ rf{ufkshvdd}- ur`xmcfc gkvjvdgsmxf$ u`{msmxf srv{s rgsmlb `h `lf sar`vba h`vr$ amdf 3;,?& !78,=& ml ?552- ur`xmcfc g

lfbgsmxf rgsmlb `h {fxfl sar`vba sfl,

Uvodmk [ghfs}


25/46


S`*hmhsa{ `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ 37,1&$ {vbbf{sfc saf} agxf agc k`lsgks msa g k`jjvlms} `rlfmbao`ra``c u`dmkf `hhmkfr, Saf h`dd`mlb brgua urf{fls{ saf rf{vds{ g{ k`ddfksfc,

_f{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc s` rgsf safmr k`jjvlms}{ U`dmkf Cfugrsjfls `l srfgsmlb uf`udf msarf{ufks, Fgka g{ g{ifc s` v{f g {kgdf h `lf s` hmxf msa `lf ofmlb xfr} b``c glc hmxf ofmlb xfr}u``r, Saf h`dd`mlb brgua urf{fls{ saf kvjvdgsmxf s`sgd{ h`r sa`{f ur`xmcmlb u`{msmxf rgsmlb{ h `lfglc s` g{ fdd g{ saf kvjvdgsmxf s`sgd{ h`r sa`{f ur`xmcmlb lfbgsmxf rgsmlb{ `h h`vr glc hmxf,

_f{fgrkafr{ g{ifc rf{u`lcfls{ s` rgsf a` {ghf saf} hfds ml g lvjofr `h d`kgsm`l{ v{mlb g {kgdf `h `lfs` h`vr afrf `lf m{ xfr} {ghf glc hmxf m{ l`s gs gdd {ghf, Sarff*wvgrsfr{ `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ 22,1& hfds


26/46


j`{s {ghf ml safmr `l lfmbao`ra``c{ cvrmlb saf cg}, Saf h`dd`mlb sgodf glc brgua urf{fls safkvjvdgsmxf s`sgd{ h`r {ghf rgsmlb{ `h `lf glc s`,

D`kgsm`l{ [ghf

!_gsmlb{ `h@lf glc S`-Gd`lf ml }`vr lfmbao`ra``c cvrmlb saf cg} 22,1Lfmbao`ra``c ugri `r rfkrfgsm`l hgkmdms} 61,;Gd`lf ml }`vr lfmbao`ra``c ghsfr cgri 6?,5Gd`lf ml ov{mlf{{ grfg{ ghsfr cgri 36,1


27/46


Afgdsa [sgsv{

Afgdsa Kgrf Gkkf{{

_f{fgrkafr{ g{ifc gdd rf{u`lcfls{ mh saf} agc gl} imlc `h afgdsa kgrf k`xfrgbf$ mlkdvcmlb afgdsa

ml{vrglkf$ urf*ugmc udgl{ {vka g{ AJ@{ `r b`xfrljfls udgl{ {vka g{ Jfcmkgrf, Sa`{f rfu`rsmlbsaf} agc afgdsa ml{vrglkf agxf cfkdmlfc {mblmhmkglsd} {mlkf ?552,

Saf h`dd`mlb rf{vds{ frf k`ddfksfc,

Afgdsa Kgrf K`xfrgbf 7==2 ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?]f{ 12,5& 26,=& 21,?& 16,7 2;,1L` 7;,5 ?;,5 ?7,1 73,= ?6,6

Gkk`rcmlb s` saf K`llfksmkvs O_H[[ {vrxf}$ =5,?& `h gdd rf{mcfls{ agxf afgdsa*ml{vrglkf k`xfrgbf,


28/46


G cfkrfg{mlb lvjofr `h Am{uglmk{ grf rfu`rsmlb saf} agxf g ufr{`lgd c`ks`r `r afgdsa*kgrf ur`xmcfr,Ml ?57?$ 17,6& mlcmkgsfc saf} agc `lf `r j`rf afgdsa*kgrf ur`xmcfr{, Sam{ m{ c`l hr`j 1=,5& ml?552 glc 12,7& ml ?55?, A`fxfr$ saf ?57? ufrkflsgbf m{ vu hr`j 2;,=& ml ?555 glc 68,8& ml7==2,

Lfgrd} `lf*wvgrsfr `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ ?;,1&$ !76,=& ml ?552$ 71,5& ml ?55? ?3,8& ml ?555-$ {gmcsafrf g{ g smjf `xfr saf dg{s 7? j`lsa{ afl saf} lffcfc s` {ff g c`ks`r ovs k`vdc l`s ofkgv{f `hk`{s,

G Smjf ]`v K`vdc L`sGhh`rc s` [ff g C`ks`r

?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?

]f{ ?3,8& 71,5& 76,=& ?;,1


29/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf?=

Fqfrkm{f

Lfgrd}*sarff wvgrsfr{$ 25,7&$ mlcmkgsfc saf} cmc ugrsmkmugsf ml ua}{mkgd gksmxmsmf{ `r fqfrkm{f{ {vka g{rvllmlb$ gdimlb$ `rimlb `vs `r omimlb `xfr saf ug{s j`lsa

Ugrsmkmugsf ml j`cfrgsf `rxmb`r`v{ ua}{mkgd gksmxms}0

?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?

]f{ 81,3& 86,?& 25,7& 81,5&


30/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf;5

O_H[[ rf{vds{ h`r K`llfksmkvs grf urf{flsfc afrf,

Cflsgd Kgrf

G dgrbf jgn`rms} `h rf{u`lcfls{$ 15,;&$ rfu`rsfc {ffmlb g cflsm{s `r xm{msmlb g cflsgd kdmlmk `xfr safug{s 7? j`lsa{, Gl`safr 1,5& rfu`rsfc g xm{ms `xfr saf ug{s s` }fgr{ amdf 8,;& mlcmkgsfc saf}agc xm{msfc g cflsm{s / `hhmkf msaml saf ug{s hmxf }fgr{, Hvrsafr$ 3,6& {vbbf{sfc safmr dg{s xm{ms g{

j`rf sagl hmxf }fgr{ gb`, K`llfksmkvs O_H[[ rf{vds{ grf urf{flsfc afrf,


31/46


Kgrcm`xg{kvdgr Cm{fg{f

_f{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh saf} agxf fxfr offl s`dc saf} agxf agc g afgrs gssgki `r {srìf o} gc`ks`r$ lvr{f `r `safr afgdsa ur`hf{{m`lgd, _f{vds{$ gd`lb{mcf O_H[[ rf{vds{$ grf urf{flsfc afrf,

Sògkk` V{f

_f{fgrkafr{ g{ifc rf{u`lcfls{ mh saf} {jìf kmbgrfssf{ fxfr} cg}$ {`jf cg}{ `r l`s gs gdd,Gl mlkrfg{mlb ufrkfls `h Am{uglmk{$ ?7,5&$ !76,=& ml ?552 glc ?;,7& ml ?55?- rfu`rsfc {jìmlbfxfr} cg} `r {`jf cg}{,

[jìf0 7==2 ?555 ?55? ?552 ?575Fxfr} Cg} 7?,2& 77,2& 7;,2& 75,3& 7;,1[`jf Cg}{ 2,8 6,7 =,3 6,6 2,?L`s gs gdd 2=,2 1;,? 28,8 13,7 2=,5


32/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf;?

O_H[[ rf{vds{ grf urf{flsfc ml saf h`dd`mlb brgua,

O`c} Jg{{ Mlcfq !OJM-

_f{fgrkafr{ g{ifc fgka rf{u`lcfls s` rfu`rs safmr afmbas glc fmbas, V{mlb sam{ cgsg$ K_UUkgdkvdgsfc saf O`c} Jg{{ Mlcfq !OJM- h`r fgka rf{u`lcfls, Mju`rsglsd}$ ;2,=& `h Am{uglmkrf{u`lcfls{ grf f{smjgsfc s` of `of{f `r fqsrfjfd} `of{f k`jugrfc s` ?;,5& {sgsfmcf O_H[[,

Saf h`dd`mlb brgua urf{fls{ rf{vds{ g{ k`jugrfc s` {sgsfmcf O_H[[ rf{vds{,


33/46

Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf;;

Mjjvlm~gsm`l{

_f{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh saf} agxf agc g hdv {a`s / mlhdvfl~g xgkkmlf mlnfksfc mls` safmr grj{ {mlkfGvbv{s `h ?575, @l g k`ju`{msf og{m{$ 6?,5& {vbbf{sfc saf} agc, Saf h`dd`mlb brgua urf{fls{ safrf{vds{ gd`lb{mcf O_H[[ rf{vds{ h`r `ld} sa`{f 86 }fgr{ `h gbf `r `dcfr,

H`dd`mlb saf wvf{sm`l `l saf hdv {a`s$ rf{fgrkafr{ g{ifc rf{u`lcfls{ a` frf 86 }fgr{ `h gbf `r`dcfr mh saf} agxf fxfr agc g ulfvj`lmg {a`s `r ulfvj`k`kkgd xgkkmlf, Saf h`dd`mlb brguaurf{fls{ rf{vds{ gd`lb{mcf O_H[[ cgsg,


34/46


R`jfl{ Afgdsa

Gj`lb gdd hfjgdf rf{u`lcfls{$ 6;,?& rfu`rs fxfr agxmlb g jgjj`brgj, Ml urfxm`v{ }fgr{$ safwvf{sm`l g{ rfgc g{ agxmlb g jgjj`brgj `xfr saf ug{s s` }fgr{,,

Agc Jgjj`brgj 7==2 ?555 ?55? ?552 ?575]f{ 68,=& 3=,8& 32,1& 8=,7& 6;,?

Saf O_H[[ rf{vds{ grf urf{flsfc afrf h`r sa`{f 35 `dcfr g{ fdd g{ sa`{f 65 glc `dcfr,


35/46


Hfjgdf rf{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh saf} agc fxfr agc g Ugu sf{s s` sf{s h`r kglkfr `h saf kfrxmq, Safh`dd`mlb brgua urf{fls{ saf rf{vds{ gd`lb{mcf O_H[[ cgsg,


36/46


Ur`{sgsf Kglkfr [krfflmlb

Jgdf rf{u`lcfls{ 35 }fgr{ `h gbf glc `dcfr frf g{ifc mh saf} agc fxfr agc g Ur`{sgsf*[ufkmhmk

Glsmbfl sf{s !U[G- g od``c sf{s v{fc s` kafki jfl h`r ur`{sgsf kglkfr, Saf h`dd`mlb cfumks{ safrf{vds{ gd`lb{mcf {sgsfmcf O_H[[ cgsg,


37/46


Gl`safr sf{s h`r ur`{sgsf kglkfr m{ g cmbmsgd rfksgd fqgj afl g c`ks`r$ lvr{f `r `safr afgdsa kgrfur`hf{{m`lgd udgkf{ g bd`xfc hmlbfr mls` saf rfksvj s` hffd saf {m~f$ {aguf glc agrclf{{ `h safur`{sgsf bdglc, _f{u`lcfls{ frf gd{` g{ifc mh saf} agxf agc g cmbmsgd rfksgd fqgj, Saf h`dd`mlbgrf rf{vds{ hr`j saf {vrxf}>


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K`d`rfksgd Kglkfr [krfflmlb


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Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf;=

_f{u`lcfls{ 3= }fgr{ `h gbf glc `dcfr frf g{ifc mh saf} agc fxfr agc g od``c {s``d sf{s v{mlb g{ufkmgd ims gs a`jf s` cfsfrjmlf afsafr saf {s``d k`lsgml{ od``c, Saf h`dd`mlb brgua {a`{{vrxf} rf{vds{ gd`lb msa O_H[[ {sgsfmcf cgsg,

Urf*Cmgofsf{ / Cmgofsf{


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_f{u`lcfls{ frf g{ifc mh saf} agc fxfr offl s`dc o} g c`ks`r `r `safr afgdsa*kgrf ur`hf{{m`lgd sagssaf} agc urf*cmgofsf{$ o`rcfrdmlf cmgofsf{ `r cmgofsf{, DU_GK {vrxf} rf{u`lcfls{ frf smkf g{dmifd} s` agxf offl s`dc saf} agxf cmgofsf{, _f{vds{ grf urf{flsfc afrf,

Lvsrmsm`l


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Saf V[CG rfk`jjflc{ sags fxfr}`lf k`l{vjf 3,6 {frxmlb{ `h xfbfsgodf{ glc ? {frxmlb{ `h hrvmscgmd}, Ramdf rf{u`lcfls{ lfgrd} jffs saf cgmd} rfk`jjflcgsm`l h`r {frxmlb{ h hrvms$ saf} hgdd {a`rs`h saf b`gd h`r xfbfsgodf{ o} go`vs agdh,


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Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf3?

Afgdsa} Cg}{

Lfgrd} agdh `h gdd {vrxf} rf{u`lcfls{$ 32,=&$ {vbbf{sfc safrf agxf offl cg}{$ `xfr saf ug{s ;5$ aflsaf} hfds {gc$ odvf `r cfurf{{fc, @h sam{ br`vu$ saf gxfrgbf lvjofr `h cg}{ cvrmlb saf ;5*cg} ufrm`cg{ 6,?3,

Mju`rsglsd}$ 3,1& `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{ mlcmkgsfc safrf ag{ offl g smjf msaml saf dg{s 7? j`lsa{ aflsaf} sa`vbas `h sgimlb safmr `l dmhf,

G{sajg


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Dgsml (Uvfrs _mkglGhhgmr{K`jjm{{m l,kruu,k`j Ugbf3;

@lf*hmhsa `h gdd rf{u`lcfls{$ ?5,6&$ mlcmkgsfc saf} agxf offl s`dc o} g c`ks`r `r `safr afgdsa*kgrfur`hf{{m`lgd sags saf} agxf g{sajg,

Cfj`brguamk{


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Grf }`v g V,[, Kmsm~fl ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?]f{ 81,7& 15,2& 26,6& =7,5&L` ;5,3 7=,; ?;,5 =,5

Kamdcrfl gs a`jf vlcfr 71 ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?L`lf ;2,5& 37,=& 3;,1& ;6,5&@lf ??,= 78,1 ?;,6 ?;,;S` ?8,6 ?1,5 72,8 ??,;Sarff 75,; 1,5 75,1 7?,6H`vr ?,8 3,2 7,= 3,5Hmxf 5,2 5,? ?,6 ?,5[mq 5,7 5,6 ** 5,;[fxfl *** *** *** 5,;Sfl *** *** *** 5,;

Gbf ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?71 s` ?6 73,7& 7;,8& 75,5& 75,1&?8 s` ;6 ;5,8 ;7,1 ?5,6 ??,6;8 s` 36 ?2,6 ?2,3 ?1,7 ;8,538 s` 66 77,2 72,2 7=,= ?7,168 s` 86 1,3 6,= 75,; 8,688 s` 26 6,8 7,8 6,; 5,128 `r `dcfr 7,2 7,5 ?,= 7,5

Mlk`jf ?555 ?55? ?552Vlcfr #=$=== 1,1& 6,5& 1,=K$555 s` df{{ sagl #?6$555 ?6,; 73,= 2,1#?6$555 s` df{{ sagl #35$555 ?5,5 75,7 77,=#35$555 s` df{{ sagl #65$555 1,= 1,6 =,8#65$555 s` df{{ sagl #85$555 3,8 2,? ;,1#85$555 s` df{{ sagl #26$555 ?,5 3,; 3,7#26$555 s` df{{ sagl #755$555 ?,? 2,8 1,;#755$555 `r j`rf ?,2 6,2 6,8C`ls il` ?,6 77,7 6,1

_fhv{fc ?;,7 ?6,2 ;3,3

Mlk`jf ?57?Vlcfr #=$=== 73,1&


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#75$555 s` df{{ sagl #35$555 ?6,5#35$555 s` df{{ sagl #25$555 ?;,;#25$555 s` df{{ sagl #755$555 77,;#755$555 s` df{{ sagl #7;5$555 1,5#7;5$555 s` df{{ sagl #785$555 ;,;

#785$555 `r j`rf ?,6C`ls il` 6,;_fhv{fc 8,6

_fbm{sfrfc s` X`sf0 ?57?]f{ 28,5&L` ??,1Vl{vrf 7,;

Bflcfr ?555 ?55? ?552 ?57?Jgdf 3?,7& 38,7& 3?,7& 33,6&Hfjgdf 62,= 6;,= 62,= 66,6


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Guuflcmq

2012 lprac socio economic study

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