2012wwk-ppt-moving towards environmentally sustainable water allocation in south asia by luna...

7/31/2019 2012WWK-PPT-Moving Towards Environmentally Sustainable Water Allocation in South Asia by Luna Bharati, Vladimir Smakhtin, Pratibha Sapkota

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Moving Towards Environmentally

Sustainable Water Allocation in South Asia

Luna Bharati, Vladimir Smakhtin, Pratibha Sapkota



ater ar ng

Priorities for supply

Distribution

of

irrigation

water

within

in

a

system

O timisation of dam

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releases



…

•

QUANTITY

and

QUALITY

of

water,

to

a

user

or

group

of users, with a SPECIFIED RELIABILITY (Security of

Supply) that accounts for natural variation in water

resource availability,

and

contains

provisions

for

c ang ng e a oca on n mes o ow wa er

availability.

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When allocation becomes important…..

Renewable

-B

Utilizable

A

Development Utilization

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Begins with political decisions:

‐ who owns H2O? (State)

• W o an w at uses get water,

how

much?• What are the interactions over

‐ w o a m n sters t ow

‐Objectives?

‐e uit or efficienc ?

space an t me w t n a r ver

system or BASIN)?

‐Economic?

What resources do we have

(hydrology)?

What uses are there already?

What uses (and priorities) do

we expect in the future?

Environmental demand?

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The Living Ganga Programme : Environmental Flows Assessment

• The term “environmental flows” (EF’s) is

now

commonly

used

to

refer

to

a

flow

regime designed to maintain a river in

some agreed ecological condition.

• WWF‐India coordinated a group of

Indian and international specialists to

assess the environmental flow

requirements in the Upper Ganga River

stretching from Gangotri to Kanpur.

• This was the first detailed attempt to

assess environmental needs for an

Indian River

• Four stretches along the main channel

were chosen for EFA

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Building Block Methodology(BBM)

• Standard investigations are designed to relate the ecology, geomorphology,

water quality and socio‐economic issues to particular flow requirements

during different

seasons

• Typica y, specia ists wi c oose in icator species, processes or activities t at

are sensitive to flow modifications, on the assumption that, if flow

requirements for

these

indicators

are

met,

then

the

other

flow

‐related

issues

• At the assessment workshop, the specialist teams will use these indicators as

,

order to maintain/restore the conditions which will meet the pre‐determined

environmental objectives for each river zone

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Quantifying Spiritual Water Requirement:

Results and Inter retations

• The flow requirements defined by respondents are in often in terms of depth at

the banks, and also depths and width of the channel. The rated hydraulic cross‐

sections surveyed at each site could then be used to convert such required

depths and

widths

into

flow

requirements.

• The surveys have repeatedly brought out the interconnectedness of all elements

of the

river

ecosystem.

Culture

‐the

living

of

life

with

dignity

and

pleasure

‐is

,

but also by the quality of water, and the other riverine biota

• The perennial nature of the river was important to all the respondents. Most

people found the idea of Ganga as a seasonal river impossible to comprehend.

The believed that if the Gan a would cease to flow the world would end.

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Results ‐ Zone 3: Narora – Farrukhabad

Maintenance Flows

10000

12000

M

Site EF3 –Kachla Bridge 45% MAR

6000

8000

o l u

m e ,

M

2000

4000 F l o w

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Months

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maintenance low maintenance high natural total Present



Analysis of basin water supply and demand using WEAP

• Unmet demands occurred during winter months of December, January and February under past and future

climates

• Adding EF also increased unmet demands by over 100%

• Scenario analysis

results

show

that

planting

less

water

intensive crops and increasing water use efficiency are

effective measures to reduce unmet demands.

• Reducing crop type to less water intense crops was more

total cropped area.

• Water allocation is intended to allow transparent and

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sustainable use

of

available

water

resources



Thank you

28/08/2012

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