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uate deeper in debt and enterthe rocky job market.

The Wyden-Rubio bill doesn’tspell out exactly how this infor-mation has to be assembled. Thegoal is that students and parentscould use the U.S. Department ofEducation website to query datafrom all 50 states. But the bill re-lies on states to knit togetherwage data submitted by employ-ers with information on gradu-ates submitted by colleges.

Virginia, which recently beganpublishing wages by colleges andprogram on its own, linked thesetwo data sets using Social Secu-rity numbers. It didn’t publishthe Social Security numbers.

Some colleges are resistingthe broader push, saying itwould be a burden for states tocompile the information, andthat it would tell students little

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A similar bipartisan bill diedlast year, but a renewed push hasgained political momentum in re-cent weeks. “This begins to in-troduce some market forces intothe academic arena that have notbeen there,” said Mr. Wyden,adding that support for the moveis unusually broad given the po-litical divide in Washington. Rep.Eric Cantor (R., Va.), the Housemajority leader, said he intendsto support a similar measure inthe House.

High-school seniors now try-ing to decide which college to at-tend next fall are awash with in-formation about costs, fromdorm rooms to meal plans. Butthere is almost no easy way totell what graduates at specificschools earn—or how manyfound jobs in their chosen field.Supporters say more transpar-ency is needed as students grad-

U.S. and state officials are in-tensifying efforts to hold collegesaccountable for what happens af-ter graduation, a sign of frustra-tion with sky-high tuition costsand student-loan debt.

Sens. RonWyden (D., Ore.)and Marco Rubio(R., Fla.) are ex-pected to reintro-duce this weeklegislation thatwould requirestates to makemore accessible

the average salaries of colleges’graduates. The figures could helpprospective students comparesalaries by college and major toassess the best return on theirinvestment.

VATICAN CITY—Pope Bene-dict XVI will become the firstpontiff in six centuries to resign,marking the end of a transitionalpapacy that focused more ontheological and internal renewaland less on the broader chal-lenges that face the RomanCatholic church at the start ofits 21st century of existence.

The pope’s surprise announce-ment paves the way for a succes-sor who will confront anew thetask of rebuilding the church’sfoundations in an increasingly sec-ular and skepticalWest while con-tinuing to spread its roots in therapidly growing emerging world.

The 85-year-old pope, who be-fore his 2005 electionwas CardinalJoseph Ratzinger, announced thedecision to step down in a speechin Latin Monday to a small groupof cardinals, saying he no longerhad the vitality to perform his du-ties. Only two topVatican cardinalswere informed beforehand.

“The resignation itself is a realact of courage,” said Terrence W.Tilley, head of the theology de-partment at Fordham University inNew York. “It is showing that hethinks of himself as a servant ofthe church, not some kind of su-perstar who should dominate it.”

The resignation of Benedict,who heads a church of one bil-lion world-wide, was emblematicof a pope who, though doctrinalin his teachings, often buckedtraditions when it came to open-ing the Vatican up to the worldbeyond its medieval walls.

The pope spoke out about thescandals involving sexual abuseby priests that have roiled thechurch in the U.S. and otherWestern countries, and removedmany clerics implicated in them.Still, he drew criticism from

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Vital Signs

Bank lending to busi-nesses increased late lastyear. Banks’ commercial andindustrial loans climbed aseasonally adjusted $21.9billion in December, the big-gest jump since February2012, the Federal Reservesaid. The rise followed a$2.8 billion gain the previ-ous month. Demand forbusiness loans at last hasbegun picking up, a positivesign for the economy.

Bank business loans, change,billions of dollars

Source: Federal Reserve

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U .S. regulators are wid-ening their probe of global

interest-rate-rigging by scru-tinizing what they claim is apivotal role of two U.K. bro-kerage firms in the scandal. C1 Top RBS executives saidthat they were too busy tryingto save the bank in the wakeof the financial crisis to noticethe activities of traders whowere trying to rig rates. C3n Nasdaq OMX, long on thehunt for a partner, has rampedup its conversations aboutstrategic options ranging froma joint venture to a sale. C1n NYSE Euronext plans tospin off Europe’s largest grain-futures market as part of ef-forts to secure backing for itsplanned takeover by ICE. C3n Energy stocks, one of thestrongest-performing sec-tors this year, helped pushindexes lower. The Dow in-dustrials fell 21.73 points. C4nA review of a program thatprovides phone service tolow-income Americans showsmany of the recipients haven’tproved their eligibility. A1n Shell said it must tow itstwo Arctic drilling rigs toAsian ports for repairs, ablow to exploration plans offAlaska’s northern coast. B3n U.K. regulators havelaunched a probe into pastfinancial reports of Auton-omy, the software companythat H-P bought in 2011. B3n Investigators are examin-ing whether the formation ofmicroscopic structures knownas dendrites played a role inBoeing 787 battery fires. B1n The FDA said it couldn’tyet approve a potential block-buster diabetes drug by NovoNordisk, sending the com-pany’s shares down 14%. B2n The expected merger ofAMR and US Airways couldclose the latest chapter in aconsolidation that has helpedto stabilize the industry. B1n Alitalia would consider be-ing taken over to remain a via-ble carrier, its CEO said. Share-holders agreed to lend theItalian airline $200million. B2n U.S. and state officials areboosting efforts to hold col-leges accountable for whathappens after graduation,amid sky-high tuitions. A1n Federal forecasters ex-pect U.S. farm income to climbthis year to its highest levelin 40 years, aided by a re-bound in crop production. A3n The Fed’s Yellen defendedthe central bank’s easy-moneypolicies, suggesting joblesslevels and the slow recoveryrequire such measures. A2n Colgate-Palmolive andHalliburton said they will bookcharges in the first quarteras a result of Venezuela’s de-valuation of the bolívar. B3n Starz extended its currentcontract to keep showingmovies from Sony PicturesEntertainment, fending off arival offer from Netflix. B3

n North Korea appeared tohave conducted a nuclear test.It would be the nation’sthird experimental detona-tion in a long effort to buildweapons of mass destruc-tion. An “artificial earth-quake” was detected bySouth Korean authorities,who attributed the seismicactivity to the northeasternarea of North Korea wherePyongyang previously ex-ploded nuclear devices. A8The authoritarian regimehas given several explicitwarnings since Jan. 24 thatit was planning such a move.nPope Benedict said hewouldresign at the end of Februarybecause he lacks the vitality toperform his duties, making himthe first pontiff in six centuriesto step down. A1, A10, A11nSyrian rebels said they tookcontrol of the nation’s largesthydroelectric dam, a movethat could consolidate insur-gent control in the area. A9nMalian soldiers scouredGao for Islamists who at-tacked the city and fought thetroops before French and Ma-lian forces retook control. A8n Israel’s Netanyahu calledfor tougher new sanctionsagainst Iran and advanced aplan to expand a settlementdeep in the West Bank. A8nA domestic-violence bill isset to clear the Senate, but aprovision allowing prosecutionby Indian tribal courts makesits House fate uncertain. A6n Rubio plans to follow hisofficial GOP response to theState of the Union addresswith his own education andsmall-business proposals. A4nBusinesses areweighingtheir response to new climate-change rules Obama is expectedto detail in his address.A4n Republicans plan to grillObama’s pick for Treasurysecretary, Jacob Lew, abouthis tenure in the financialworld at a Senate hearing. A6nThe Pentagon is preparingfor billions in spending cuts setfor March 1. The Navy plans toscale back deployments; theArmywill curtail training. A6nMyanmar denied it wasinvolved in hacking afterGoogle warned journaliststheir Gmail accounts mayhave been targeted. A12n Two gang members werecharged in the death of aChicago teen who was shotjust days after performing atObama’s inauguration. A6nTwo dozen alleged victimsof abuse by Sandusky movedcloser to settling personal-in-jury claims with Penn State. A3n An Army veteran wasawarded the Medal of Honorfor his leadership during afirefight in Afghanistan. A6nA plane crash in Nigeriathat killed all 153 aboard waslikely caused by pilot error. A8nAmethane gas explosionat a coal mine in Russia’s farnorth left at least 17 dead. A12

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What’s News–i i i i i i

The U.S. government spentabout $2.2 billion last year to pro-vide phones to low-income Ameri-cans, but a Wall Street Journal re-view of the program shows that alarge number of those who re-ceived the phones haven’t provedthey are eligible to receive them.

The Lifeline program—begunin 1984 to ensure that poor peoplearen’t cut off from jobs, familiesand emergency services—isfunded by charges that appear onthe monthly bills of every landlineand wireless-phone customer.Payouts under the program haveshot up from $819 million in2008, as more wireless carriershave persuaded regulators to letthem offer the service.

Suspecting that many of thenew subscribers were ineligible,the Federal Communications Com-mission tightened the rules lastyear and required carriers to ver-ify that existing subscribers wereeligible. The agency estimated 15%of users would be weeded out, butfar more were dropped.

A review of five top recipientsof Lifeline support conducted bythe FCC for the Journal showedthat 41% of their more than sixmillion subscribers either couldn’tdemonstrate their eligibility ordidn’t respond to requests for cer-tification.

The carriers—AT&T Inc.; Tel-rite Corp.; Tag Mobile USA; Veri-zon Communications Inc.; and theVirgin Mobile USA unit of SprintNextel Corp.—accounted for 34%of total Lifeline subscribers lastMay. Two of the other largest pro-viders, TracFone Wireless Inc. andNexus Communications Inc., askedthe FCC to keep their counts con-fidential. Results for the full pro-gram weren’t available.

The program is open to peoplewho meet federal poverty guide-

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BY STACY MEICHTRYAND LIAM MOLONEY

PopeResigns inHistoricMoveBenedict XVI Becomes First Pontiff to Step Down in Six Centuries, Citing Age, Illness

BY RUTH SIMONAND MICHAEL CORKERY

Push toGauge Bang for BuckFrom College Gains Steam

BY SPENCER E. ANTE

MillionsImproperlyClaimedU.S. PhoneSubsidies

Pope Benedict XVI on Monday, in a photo provided by the Vatican’s L’Osservatore Romano newspaper.

Couples Adorn Bridges With Weighty Tokens of the Hearti i i

‘Lovelocks’ Excite Passions in Paris: Symbol of Romance or Graffiti?

PARIS—Among the must-dosfor visitors to the French capital:ride to the top of the EiffelTower, pay homage at the Louvreand seal your love with a MasterLock.

Paris’s picturesque bridgesover the Seine are heaving withpadlocks, bike locks, handcuffsand other talismans of amour.Enamored visitors write theirnames on a lock, attach it to abridge and throw the key into theriver. Last fall, reality TV starKourtney Kardashian, her boy-friend and their toddler son—fol-lowed by their camera crew—af-fixed “lovelocks” to the Pont desArts, a pedestrian bridge with awooden walkway that spills outof the Louvre.

But, many Parisians are ask-ing: What’s love got to do with it?

The public displays of affec-tion have unchained loathing

among coldhearted locals. Somegripe that the locks are no betterthan graffiti, defacing the city’slandmarks. Rust and pollution areconcerns, too. Think of the keyslittered on the bottom of theSeine “with cars and cadavers,”says Sylvain Louradour, a babysitter who lives near the Pont desArts.

Others argue that the symbol-ism is all wrong. “The lock is anegative symbol of enclosure andimprisonment, the exact opposite

of what love should be,” says Es-ther Pawloff, a 48-year-old execu-tive assistant here in Paris.

The locks have been turnedinto expensive contemporary artand melted down for the value oftheir brass. When thousands oflocks were mysteriously removedone night in 2010, cynics sus-pected a spurned lover—or a pad-lock manufacturer looking fornew business.

In recent months, the twooriginal padlock bridges have be-come so overloaded that lockshave spread to any bridge with asmall grate. Couples have at-tached their love tokens to stat-ues and monuments, causingdamage that the city has had torepair.

The lovelock phenomenoncame to Paris five years ago.Most observers date the phenom-enon to an Italian teen novel ti-tled “I Want You,” published in

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Lock on the Pont des Arts

BY CHRISTINA PASSARIELLO

A PapalTransitionBenedict XVI’s legacy: Thepope grounded his eight-year papacy in tradition,as secular forces pulled atchurch’s foundations A10

A life in the church A10

Focus turns to papabili, asmore than 120 cardinalsprepare to gather A11

L’Osservatore

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