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İNGİLİZCE (SOSYAL BİLİMLER) A

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılanyerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

The African National Congress wasestablished by the representatives of Africanpeople in 1922 to defend their freedom -------their rights.

1.

in order toA)in case ofB)as long asC)in contrast toD)as well asE)

Aristotle’s father died when he was stillyoung, and he was ------- by his uncle,Proxenus.

2.

taken offA)filled inB)brought upC)came downD)closed offE)

Although a blog or a personal online diaryseems like an intimate journal, it actuallyoccupies a ------- writing space rather than aprivate one.

3.

publicA)challengingB)gentleC)crucialD)rareE)

The Geographic Information System wasintroduced for the first time in 1964 to helpscientists conduct research much more -------and accurately.

4.

formerlyA)rapidlyB)kindlyC)rarelyD)recentlyE)

The agreement, which has been issued -------the World Trade Organization, advises itsmembers ------- support sustainabledevelopment in international trade.

5.

at / fromA)with / outB)in / byC)by / toD)for / atE)

In November 1939, the Soviet troops -------Finland after the Finns ------- to surrender akey territory to Joseph Stalin.

6.

invaded / refusedA)invade / are refusingB)had to invade / refuseC)were invading / have refusedD)would invade / were refusingE)

The best way to explore a new place is totravel on foot ------- you are under pressurefor time.

7.

soA)unlessB)such C)now thatD)besidesE)

2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

1

YÖKDİL

AMalaria killed -------- many early Europeanpeople in West Africa -------- Europeansnicknamed this territory the ‘‘white person’sgrave.’’

8.

such / asA)too / toB)so / thatC)a lot / thanD)most / ofE)

------- Greenland is generally not consideredmuch of a tourist destination, it offers somespectacular sights like its colossal ice sheet,a lively seascape, and precious wildlife.

9.

Thanks toA)As long asB)In caseC)Just asD)Even thoughE)

Over the last 60 years, Britain hasexperienced some significant political -------,but one state figure has remained the same:the Queen.

10.

possessionsA)abilitiesB)acceptancesC)transformationsD)industriesE)

Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick, who ------- asan officer in the Prussian Army in 1740, -------a friend of Frederick the Great.

11.

has been appointed / will becomeA)could be appointed / might becomeB)was appointed / becameC)is appointed / has becomeD)will be appointed / was becomingE)

In the past, travelling ------- about getting tothe destination in the shortest amount oftime; but these days, travellers ------- relaxingand pleasurable journeys.

12.

could be / were seekingA)is / seek B)had been / had soughtC)used to be / are seekingD)might be / soughtE)

Research shows that women and men look atfaces and absorb visual information indifferent ways; -------, it is thought that thereis a gender difference in the understandingof visual cues.

13.

due toA)thereforeB)on the contraryC)nevertheless D)howeverE)


2

YÖKDİL

A------- the difficulty of finding scientificevidence related to its origin, studies haveprovided valuable insights into the natureand development of language.

14.

As well asA)In additionB)Due toC)HoweverD)In spite of E)

English is a language that has ------- acrossthe globe and is now spoken all over theworld.

15.

spreadA)preventedB)dedicatedC)thrownD)createdE)

------- happened to mammoths remained amystery until the anthropologist RussellGraham discovered that they simply ran outof water 5,600 years ago.

16.

WhereA)HowB)WhichC)WhatD)WhenE)

It is almost impossible to find a single policyapproved by everyone ------- people are verydifferent from one another.

17.

untilA)whereasB)becauseC)so thatD)whileE)

Digital photography, a radical break with thepast, has changed -------- the means to takephotographs -------- the way they are stored.

18.

rather / thanA)both / andB)as / asC)so / thatD)neither / orE)

Before banknotes and coins -------, peopleused a variety of other objects for tradinggoods.

19.

introduced A)are introducedB)be introducedC)were introducingD)were introducedE)

Since Iron Man, a ground-breaking movie------- in 2008, Marvel and its parent company,Disney, ------- about two superhero films ayear, grossing upwards of $8.3 billionglobally.

20.

was premiering / are producingA)has premiered / used to produceB)will premiere / had producedC)premiered / have producedD)has been premiering / produceE)


3

YÖKDİL

A

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

In the late 4th millennium B.C. the valley anddelta of the River Nile ---21--- into the twinkingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. ---22--- thenext 3,000 years, Egypt was ruled by thirty-twodynasties of kings. One title for an Egyptian kingwas Pharaoh (meaning ‘Great House’), and sothis great span of time is often known ---23--- thePharaonic Period. For much of the 3rd and 2ndmillennia B.C., Egypt was the ---24--- and themost powerful nation in the Ancient Near East.Even after Egypt lost its political ---25--- in thelate 1st millennium B.C., its culture and religionsurvived to influence those of Greece and Rome.

21.

were formedA)are being formed B)have formed C)form D)forming E)

22.

BetweenA)OverB)OffC)With D)SinceE)

23.

such as A)since B)asC)though D)soE)

24.

wealthier A)wealthier than B)as wealthy asC)wealthy D)wealthiest E)

25.

powerA)weaknessB)mobilityC)knowledgeD)destructionE)


4

YÖKDİL

A

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

The idea of human rights has grown ---26--- ininfluence since the United Nations endorsed theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.However, the concept itself can be traced backmuch further, to the idea of natural rights ---27---played a central role in the earlier stages ofliberal political philosophy. John Locke, ---28---,claimed that all men had natural rights to life,liberty, and property. The Universal Declaration’slist of rights is ---29--- more extensive. Besidesrights that directly protect liberty, it also includesothers ---30--- effect is to provide people withaccess to material benefits, such as the right towork, the right to an adequate standard of living,and the right to education.

26.

mutuallyA)steadilyB)severelyC)decreasinglyD)adverselyE)

27.

in whichA)whatB)whoC)thatD)whetherE)

28.

in other wordsA)even thoughB)for instanceC)otherwiseD)howeverE)

29.

noneA)fewB)manyC)anyD)muchE)

30.

whenA)whereB)whatC)whoseD)howE)


5

YÖKDİL

A

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Many analyses of advertising try to make adistinction between informative andpersuasive advertising, -------.

31.

since they find the distinction quiteunnecessary when applied to other fields

A)

unless they consent to establishing a neworder in this field of study

B)

but in reality the line between the two isoften too difficult to draw

C)

because such divisions or categories havenot existed in cartoons

D)

these people, therefore, are generallybiased against any types of advertising

E)

If two groups of people speaking differentlanguages have been in contact for a longtime, -------.

32.

it is a well-known fact that newborns learnhow to speak by imitating their parents

A)

how certain species of animalscommunicate still remains a mystery

B)

the speakers of Japanese would get betterat learning new vocabulary

C)

there are new linguistics theories about thelanguages spoken by minorities

D)

their languages are likely to show certainsimilarities

E)

When the British colonization of Australiabegan in 1788, -------.

33.

it is widely known that many aboriginaltraditions are associated with spiritualawakening

A)

there were two hundred or more Aboriginallanguage communities within the continent

B)

there is still limited information about thelifestyles of aboriginal communities inAustralia

C)

many anthropological studies have beenconducted in areas remote from Europeansettlement

D)

there is an existent relationship betweenEuropean expansionism and slave trade

E)

Online multiplayer games are oftenassociated with anti-social behaviour -------.

34.

due to the fact that gamers develop a falsesense of identity in that virtual community

A)

since studies have found that we are goodat distinguishing between real and virtualviolence

B)

despite evidence suggesting thatface-to-face interactions are more rewardingthan playing computer games

C)

although numerous studies about the effectsof games on the brain had been published

D)

whereas there is some concern that videogames make young people more violent

E)

Unlike the Greek empires which it graduallyreplaced, --------.

35.

the succeeding empires also used the samemilitary strategies, which they perfected intime

A)

the Roman empire imitated many institutionsof the Greek empires, from education to law

B)

the Romans adopted many aspects andcharacteristics of Greek theatre

C)

the political system of the empire was mainlybased on Greek institutions

D)

the Roman Empire depended on non-nativeadministrators from diverse culturalbackgrounds

E)


6

YÖKDİL

AIn July 1553, Mary Tudor came to the throneof England -------.

36.

although Mary had received the support ofher cousin

A)

because such stereotypes existed in manycountries in the world

B)

because Mary’s crown was left to her sister,Elizabeth

C)

however, England had not come under thecontrol of a foreign prince

D)

despite her brother’s efforts to replace herwith Lady Jane Grey

E)

When art is produced using craft methods ormanual skills, -------.

37.

art was not generally a good investment,certainly not over the long term

A)

the great majority of them tend to producetiny editions for very high prices

B)

the quantity of any artist’s work is restricted,and priced accordingly

C)

there were artists who believed thattechnology should be an essential part of art

D)

photographs, CDs or videos are distributedaround the world in large numbers

E)

In most circumstances, the production of amusical is very difficult, ------- .

38.

since Mozart tailored his work exactly to thecast available for the Prague premiere in1787

A)

since the greatest pains must be taken incasting singers of the right vocal weight andtemperament

B)

but the recording taken from the openingnight of the 1950 Salzburg Festival wasmarked as a failure

C)

as long as such an orchestra performsambient music and meets audienceexpectations

D)

though it seems hard to categorize it intovarious subclasses in accordance with itsofficial description in books

E)

-------, technically it is not the date on whichthe colonies voted to become a new nation.

39.

Though Americans have long celebratedIndependence Day on July 4

A)

While the Second World War was still ragingand many people were dying

B)

When the agreement between the twoparties was signed

C)

As long as Third World countries’ debtcontinues to increase at this rate

D)

Because it was just one of the turning pointsin the history of the nation

E)

Because traditional societies expect femalesto spend more time with their families thanmales do, -------.

40.

female employees might face certaindifficulties in the workplace

A)

many male workers have complained aboutthe lack of well-paid jobs

B)

the percentage of women in the workforcehas increased substantially

C)

people working in the same work place arecalled colleagues

D)

it is expected to be established in the nearfuture

E)

Of the seven operas that Monteverdicomposed, ------- .

41.

opera had already become firmlyestablished as an art form thanks to him

A)

his unique style somehow went unnoticed inhis lifetime

B)

it was produced and performed in Venice inthe early 1640s

C)

only three have survived, including Orfeo,first performed in 1607

D)

it was only considered to be anentertainment for the royal family

E)


7

YÖKDİL

A

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyibulunuz.

Archaeology is usually thought to besynonymous with digging, but somearchaeologists never excavate or very fewspend most of their time on it.

42.

Arkeoloji ve kazı kelimelerinin eşanlamlıolduğu düşünülür, ancak arkeologlarınbirçoğu kazılara katılmazken, bazıları dabuna çok az vakit ayırır.

A)

Arkeoloji ve kazı yapmak çoğu zaman birtutulsa da bazı arkeologlar bu işi çokönemsemez ya da bu işe pek zamanayırmaz.

B)

Arkeolojinin genellikle kazı yapmakla eşanlamlı olduğu düşünülür, ancak bazıarkeologlar hiç kazı yapmazlar ya da çok azızamanının çoğunu kazı yaparak geçirir.

C)

Kazı yapmak genellikle arkeolojinin zıtanlamlı olarak görülür, çünkü bazıarkeologlar neredeyse hiç kazı yapmaz yada buna çok zaman ayırmaz.

D)

Arkeoloji ve kazı yapmak genellikle birtutulur, ancak çoğu arkeolog hiç kazıyapmazken çok azı bu konuya yeterincezaman ayırır.

E)

Finding traces of our Palaeolithic ancestorsis extremely difficult, since they had verylittle impact upon their surroundings.

43.

Paleolitik atalarımızın izlerini bulmanınzorluğu kendi çevrelerinde hiç iz bırakmamışolmalarından kaynaklanır.

A)

Paleolitik atalarımızın izlerini bulmakoldukça zordur, çünkü kendi çevreleriüzerinde çok az etki bırakmışlardır.

B)

Paleolitik atalarımızın kendi çevrelerineetkilerinin yetersiz olduğu düşünüldüğündeizlerini bulmak da zorlaşır.

C)

Paleolitik atalarımız çevreleri üzerinde dahafazla etkiye sahip olsaydı, izlerini bulmak bukadar zor olmayacaktı.

D)

Çevrelerinde çok az etki bıraktıkları içinPaleolitik atalarımızın izini sürmek herzaman son derece zor olmuştur.

E)

The rich culture, romantic mythology andsophisticated political system of ancientRome still intrigue and inspire people today.

44.

Zengin kültürü, romantik mitolojisi veoldukça gelişmiş politik sistemi sayesindeEski Roma bugün bile bizi şaşırtmakta veilgimizi çekmektedir.

A)

Zengin kültürü, mitolojisi ve gelişmiş politikanlayışına rağmen, Eski Roma bugün hâlâinsanlardan hak ettiği ilgiyi görememektedir.

B)

Eski Roma’nın kültürü, romantik mitolojisi vezengin politik sistemi bugün bile insanlarailginç gelmeye ve ilham vermeye devametmektedir.

C)

Eski Roma, zengin kültürü, romantikmitolojisi ve gelişmiş politik sistemiyle bugünhâlâ birçok insanda merak uyandırmakta veonları etkilemektedir.

D)

Eski Roma’nın zengin kültürü, romantikmitolojisi ve gelişmiş politik sistemi bugünhâlâ insanların merakını uyandırmakta veonlara ilham vermektedir.

E)

Descartes and many of his contemporarieswanted Medieval views to move aside andmake room for a modern conception ofscience.

45.

Descartes ve birçok çağdaşı Ortaçağa aitgörüşlerin bir kenara çekilip modern bir bilimanlayışına yer açmasını istemişlerdir.

A)

Descartes ve birçok çağdaşı Ortaçağa aittüm inanışları ortadan kaldırarak modern birbilim anlayışına yer açmayı amaçlamışlardır.

B)

Descartes ve çağdaşlarının Ortaçağa aitgörüşleri çürüterek modern bir bilim anlayışıoluşturmayı istedikleri düşünülür.

C)

Descartes da çağdaşlarının birçoğu gibiortaçağa ait görüşleri eleştirerek modern birbilim anlayışına yer açılmasının gerekliliğinisavundu.

D)

Descartes ve birçok çağdaşı Ortaçağa aitgörüşleri temelden sarsacak modern birbilim anlayışını ortaya koydular.

E)


8

YÖKDİL

AWhen designing a workplace, it is importantto take into consideration how the space willaffect both the employees and clients.

46.

Bir işyeri tasarlarken, mekânın çalışanları vemüşterileri nasıl etkileyeceğini göz önündebulundurmak önemlidir.

A)

Bir işyeri tasarlarken düşünülmesi gerekenen önemli unsurlardan birisi de mekânınçalışanlar ve müşteriler üzerinde yaratacağıetkidir.

B)

Mekânın müşteriler üzerinde ne tür etkileryaratacağı, bir işyeri tasarlarkendüşünülmesi gereken bir unsurdur.

C)

Bir işyeri tasarlarken önemli konularınbaşında mekânın, çalışanlar ve müşterilerüzerinde yaratacağı etki gelmelidir.

D)

Yeni bir işyeri tasarlarken, hesaba katılmasıgereken unsurlardan biri de mekânınçalışanları ve müşterileri nasıletkileyeceğidir.

E)

Attempts to change others’ opinions areolder than recorded history and it is thoughtto have originated with the development ofspeech.

47.

Başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirmegirişimleri konuşmanın gelişmesiyle ortayaçıkmıştır ve yazılı tarihten bile daha eskidir.

A)

Başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirme çabalarıkonuşmayla ortaya çıkmıştır ama budurumun yazılı tarih kadar eski olduğudüşünülür.

B)

Konuşmanın gelişimiyle ortaya çıkanbaşkalarının görüşlerini değiştirmeçabalarının, yazılı tarih kadar eski olduğuiddia edilmektedir.

C)

Başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirmegirişimleri yazılı tarihten daha eskidir vebunun, konuşmanın gelişmesiyle ortayaçıktığı düşünülür.

D)

Yazılı tarih kadar eski olan konuşmanın,başkalarının görüşlerini değiştirmegirişimleriyle ortaya çıktığına inanılır.

E)

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyibulunuz.

Tüketim kültürüne artan bağlılık sadeceiktisadi refahın değil, aynı zamandatoplumsal değerlerdeki önemli değişimlerinde bir işaretidir.

48.

Significant changes in economic prosperityand social values are a sign of growingcommitment to consumer culture.

A)

Growing commitment to consumer culturebrought with it some significant changes ineconomic prosperity and social values.

B)

Growing commitment to consumer cultureled to significant changes not only ineconomic prosperity but also in socialvalues.

C)

With the growing commitment to consumerculture, there occurred significant changesin economic prosperity as well as in socialvalues.

D)

Growing commitment to consumer culture isnot only a sign of economic prosperity butalso significant changes in social values.

E)

Edebiyat, diller ve toplumlar arasındakifarklılık ve benzerlikleri incelemek veanlamak için bir araçtır.

49.

Literature is a means to examine andunderstand the differences and similaritiesamong languages and societies.

A)

Literature is a good way of understandingthe differences and similarities betweenlanguages and societies.

B)

There are various means to understand thedifferences and similarities amonglanguages and societies, and literature isone of them.

C)

Literature examines the differences andsimilarities of languages and societies inorder to understand them.

D)

Examining and understanding thedifferences and similarities amonglanguages is the primary function ofliterature.

E)


9

YÖKDİL

AÇocuğunuzun bir yabancı dilde akıcı olmasınıveya bir konser piyanisti olarak yetişmesiniistiyorsanız, yapmanız gereken, onun ilgilieğitime mümkün olduğu kadar erkenbaşlamasını sağlamaktır.

50.

As you want your child to be fluent in aforeign language, or grow up to be a concertpianist, the advice is to force him/her to starttraining at an early age.

A)

If you wish your child to become fluent in aforeign language, or grow up to be a concertpianist, what you have to do is to make surehe/she starts related training as early aspossible.

B)

If you hope that your child will become fluentin a foreign language, or become a pianist,then you should encourage him/her to startthese activities at an early age.

C)

If you would like to see your child becomefluent in a foreign language and a concertpianist, all you have to do is to make him/herstart as soon as possible.

D)

Whether you want your child to master aforeign language, or grow up to be a concertpianist, the suggestion will be that he/sheshould start training as soon as possible.

E)

Birleşmiş Milletler’in amaçlarından biri,insan haklarının önemini ve uluslararasıhukuka duyulan saygıyı vurgulamaktır.

51.

The United Nations highlights theimportance of human rights in order toincrease respect for international law.

A)

One of the objectives of the United Nationsis to highlight the importance of humanrights as well as international law.

B)

The United Nations aims to highlight theimportance of human rights and promoterespect for international law.

C)

One of the objectives of the United Nationsis to highlight the importance of humanrights and respect for international law

D)

The main aim of the United Nations is tohighlight the importance of human rights andrespect for international law.

E)

Yirmi birinci yüzyılda dünya, yazılı bilgiyeboğulmuş ve baş döndürücü bir hızda bilgiteknolojileri tarafından tamamenkuşatılmıştır.

52.

In the twenty-first century, the world iscompletely surrounded and shaped bywritten information as well as informationtechnologies with astonishing speed.

A)

The world of the twenty-first century hasstarted to be surrounded by writteninformation and information technologieswith astonishing speed.

B)

In the twenty-first century, the world hasbeen saturated with written information andtotally surrounded by informationtechnologies with astonishing speed.

C)

The world in the twenty-first century is notonly shaped by written information but alsosurrounded by information technologies withastonishing speed.

D)

It is in the twenty-first century that the worldis filled with written information andenclosed by information technologies withcertain speed.

E)

Belli bir yoğunluktaki düzenli egzersiz,sağladığı faydalar sayesinde yaş vecinsiyetten bağımsız olarak depresyona karşıkorunmamıza yardımcı olur.

53.

One way to protect against depression is totake up regular exercise of any intensity as itprovides benefits regardless of age andgender.

A)

Regular exercise of certain intensity helpsus protect against depression thanks tobenefits it provides regardless of age andgender.

B)

Regular exercise of any intensity does notonly provide benefits regardless of age andgender, but also helps protect againstdepression.

C)

With great benefits it provides regardless ofage and gender, regular but intensiveexercise can help people protect againstdepression.

D)

To protect against depression, one shouldtake up regular exercise of any intensity andenjoy benefits it provides regardless of ageand gender.

E)


10

YÖKDİL

A

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlambütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılanyerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Angola is one of Africa’s major oil producers.The oil industry is the most important sectorof the economy and it accounts for themajority of the country’s exports. Angolaalso has minerals: diamonds, iron, uranium,phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, and gold.-------. The causes of poverty lie in the historyof this country, which has suffered atwenty-seven-year civil war that was causednot only by ethnic factors but also bydisputes over natural resources.

54.

The products derived from this sector arebananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn,cotton, and tobacco

A)

During the mid-1960s there were guerrillaactions which ended with the negotiation forindependence

B)

But Angola is classified as one of the world’spoorest countries despite its abundantnatural resources

C)

Bantu and other African languages werespoken by a high percentage of thepopulation

D)

The topography varies from arid coastalareas and dry savannas in the interior southto rain forests in the north

E)

Although there is no universally acceptedform of feminism that represents all of itsadvocates, its representatives share certaincharacteristics. To begin with, feministsquestion basic assumptions about genderand sexuality, including the understanding ofwhat it means to be a woman. -------. Last butnot least, they address the issue ofoppression by men as an issue of power,dominion, and hierarchy. They believe thisoppression exists in relation to the identityof women and the challenges they have toface in local and global contexts.

55.

Since the late 1970’s, feminist culturalstudies established gender as an importantcriteria of analysis within broader culturalstudies

A)

Secondly, feminist scholars and activistsseek clarity about feminine consciousness,the identity of women, their values andambitions

B)

Then, not all people were comfortable withthe Second Wave Feminism’s new issuesand styles of protest

C)

Many women in the industrialized worlddemanded new rights, and liberation fromstereotypical female roles

D)

By the mid-twentieth century the feministmovement had brought about positivetransformation and advances for women

E)


11

YÖKDİL

ABetween 1950 and 2000, the world populationincreased from about 2.5 billion to over 6billion people. Throughout this era, foodshortages and malnutrition persisted in partsof eastern and southern Asia, Central andSouth America, and throughout sub-SaharanAfrica. Famines were caused by humanfactors such as war, civil strife, and failedeconomic and political policies, whilesometimes being exacerbated by naturaldisasters such as drought. -------. Hundredsof thousands of others left their homes,walking long distances to neighbouringcountries in search of food. These refugeesthen became dependent on subsistence aidfrom governments or relief agencies.

56.

In the early twenty-first century, apeanut-based paste offered high nutritionalvalue at very low cost

A)

Technological and political developmentsled to the increase in food production anddistribution in many regions

B)

The change in developed countries’agricultural policies in the 1980s increasedagricultural production by 50 percent

C)

In the 1970s an almost decade-long droughtin the Sahel region of Africa south of theSahara contributed to the death of millions

D)

Improved transportation and communicationsystems allowed food to be distributed inpoor regions

E)

The Renaissance is usually associated withthe Italian city states. However, Italy’sundoubted importance has too oftenovershadowed the development of new ideasin many other regions. In offering a moreglobal perspective on the nature of theRenaissance, it would be more accurate torefer to a series of ‘Renaissances’. -------.They often overlapped and exchangedinfluences with the more classical andtraditionally understood Renaissancecentred on Italy.

57.

The term Renaissance comes from theFrench word for ‘rebirth’

A)

The Renaissance began as early as thethirteenth century with the art of Giotto

B)

Contributions to the Renaissance emergedfrom Europe, particularly from Italy andFrance

C)

Each of them had different characteristicsand influence

D)

The Renaissance is seen as an internationalphenomenon today

E)

The term ‘archaeology’ comes from theGreek word arkhaiologia, which means“discourse about ancient things”. Yet, it hascome to mean the study of the human pastthrough surviving material traces. The term‘human’ past needs stressing, becausearchaeologists do not – contrary to whatmany of us believe – study dinosaurs, orrocks. --------. Archaeologists cannot possiblystudy dinosaurs, because they had beenextinct for tens of millions of years by thetime the first humans evolved.

58.

Dinosaur bones should be studied byarchaeologists and palaeontologiststogether

A)

Similarly, a geologist studies the physicalstructure and substance of the earth

B)

Palaeontologists know precisely why andhow dinosaurs became extinct

C)

That is to say, archaeology and geologyhave certain theoretical similarities

D)

Those are the realm of palaeontologists andgeologists, not of archaeologists

E)

Global urbanisation is one of the biggestsocial transformations in human history.With more than half of the world’s populationalready living in cities, and 90 percent ofpopulation growth by 2050 projected to beadded to them, cities are at the forefront ofthe battle for sustainability. They pose majorchallenges for city planners andpolicymakers, such as land use, resourcedemand, and air and water pollution. Thisbeing so, however, it is expected that moreurban areas will be built in the next 30 yearsthan ever before. -------. If cities continue toexpand at this rate, the projectedurbanisation alone will exceed the limit setby the 2015 Paris climate agreement.

59.

Cities already account for about 75 percentof global energy use and contribute anequivalent share of greenhouse gasemissions

A)

Only a much closer collaboration betweenscientists and urban policymakers can leadto a more efficient transportation system

B)

Cities are complex, adaptive and evolvingsystems that interact and influence eachother in complex ways

C)

Even though Australia is already a highlyurbanised country, it is still experiencingrapid urban expansion

D)

As a result, there has been an increase inthe rate of agricultural production

E)


12

YÖKDİL

A

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) The connection between philosophy andliterature is acknowledged by many recentscholars. (II) Most ancient philosophers seetheir task as being, in general, that ofunderstanding the world, a task whichincludes understanding ourselves. (III) In thisrespect, Aristotle has indicated that allhumans by nature desire ‘to understand’. (IV)What is meant is not a piling-up of knownfacts, but rather the achievement ofunderstanding. (V) This is something that wedo when we master a field or body ofknowledge and explain systematically whythings are the way they are.

60.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The founding of cities depends on severalfactors but none is more important than anabundant supply of food and water. (II) Forthis reason, in the ancient world it wascommon for cities to be located near riversand coasts like the cities of the Tigris andEuphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. (III) Manycities in Europe were destroyed duringWorld War II and had to be rebuilt. (IV) Otherfactors can also explain the location of a city,such as its geographical position. (V) Forexample, Constantinople became a thrivingcity without either good local farmland orfreshwater because of its strategic location.

61.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Reading, unlike speaking andunderstanding, must be deliberately taught.(II) Three methods of teaching reading havebeen used in the United States: whole-word,whole-language, and phonics. (III) In thewhole-word and whole-language approaches,children are taught to recognize entire wordswithout regard to individual letters andsounds. (IV) The phonics approachemphasizes the spelling-soundcorrespondences of the language, and thusdraws on the child’s innate phonologicalknowledge. (V) However, students of all agesmust learn content material such as mathsand science.

62.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


13

YÖKDİL

A(I) As mass culture became steadily morespectacular and immersive – with largerhigh-definition TV sets and vast cinemascreens, with the enclosed and carefullycalculated spectacle of the shopping centreor theme park – art had to compete. (II) Artcould do so by feeding off the allure of massculture while adding its own aesthetic andestranged edge. (III) It could reverse thenorms of mass culture, providingimpressive, non-functional objects andenvironments that, unlike those of the mall orresort, were not geared to selling. (IV) Both ofwhom have recently had shows in NewYork’s most important art museums. (V)Lastly, art could compete with mass cultureby making representations of a scale,richness of colour, and definition unknown inthe mass media.

63.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Hypnosis is frequently used to attempt tochange unwanted behaviours such assmoking or overeating. (II) Although theeffectiveness of hypnosis in these areas iscontroversial, some successes have beenreported. (III) Montgomery and Sapirstein, forexample, have found that adding hypnosis toother forms of therapy increased theeffectiveness of the treatment. (IV) In additionto helping to change certain behaviours,hypnosis has also been found to be effectivein improving the condition of patientsexperiencing anxiety disorders.(V) Therefore, the amount of new informationrecalled by witnesses at court turns out to bea mixture of accurate and inaccurateinformation.

64.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Built in 1961, the Berlin Wall quicklybecame the most vivid symbol of the ColdWar. (II) The agreement in question came toan end with the breakup of the Soviet Union.(III) The 28 miles of wall with barbed wire andminefields separated the Soviet-controlledEast Berlin from the U.S. supported WestBerlin. (IV) Passage across the borderbetween East and West Berlin was heavilyrestricted. (V) Families were divided after itsestablishment, and some East Berliners wereno longer able to commute to work.

65.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


14

YÖKDİL

A

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçayagöre cevaplayınız.

Images on coins are not chosen randomly. Theyfunction as emblems of the country that mintsthem. The Greek word “Europe” is the name of amythical figure, and also defines thegeographical and political entity Europe. Thedouble meaning is not coincidental. The fortunesof the mythical figure and the region have beenintimately connected from antiquity, though theprecise nature of their relationship was complexand contested. The coin suggests a clever playon the word ‘Europa’. It uses the mythical“Europa” to symbolize modern Europe. In doingso, it makes a powerful statement about national(and international) identities and about modernEurope´s cultural origins. The Euro wasintroduced in 2002 to mark a new world order:the creation of a new Europe or the EuropeanUnion. At this moment of great change, the coinprovides the reassurance of continuity; newEurope is also old Europe, with a long andvenerable tradition that goes back to ancientGreece. Thus, the repetition of the symbolpromotes the European Union.

According to the text, the word ‘Europa’-------.

66.

is used as an indication of the cultural originof European states

A)

defines a long forgotten mythological figure B)used to be the name of a region in Europe C)bears no relation to the political entity ofEurope

D)

gained significance only after the creation ofthe European Union

E)

We understand from the text that the symbolof Europa on European coins --------.

67.

was not approved by European people for along time

A)

promotes faith in continuity and unification ata time of significant change

B)

was used simply for decorative purposes C)meant different things for different nations inthe world

D)

is still under debate because of its politicalimplications

E)

According to the text, images used on coins-------.

68.

do not have much significance and can beeasily changed by governments

A)

can be powerful instruments to affirm thepolitical and cultural integrity of countries

B)

can be copied and used by various powerfulstates across the globe

C)

must have been of little importance fromantiquity to modern times

D)

show the significance of economic andindustrial development in a country

E)


15

YÖKDİL

A


The way linguists use the word ‘grammar’ differsfrom most common usages. Grammar is theknowledge speakers have about the units andrules of their language: rules for combiningsounds into words called ‘phonology’, rules ofword formation called ‘morphology’, rules forcombining words and phrases into sentencescalled ‘syntax’, as well as the rules for assigningmeaning called ‘semantics’. The grammar,together with a mental dictionary called a‘lexicon’ that lists the words of the language,represents our linguistic competence. Everyhuman being who speaks a language knows itsgrammar. When linguists wish to describe alanguage, they make explicit the rules of thegrammar of the language that exist in the mindsof its speakers. There will be some differencesamong speakers, but there must be sharedknowledge too. The shared knowledge makes itpossible to communicate through language. Tothe extent that the linguist’s description is a truemodel of the speakers’ linguistic capacity, it is asuccessful description of the grammar and of thelanguage itself. Such a model is called adescriptive grammar.

According to the text, the grammar rulesused to form sentences are called -------.

69.

semanticsA)phonologyB)lexiconC)syntaxD)morphologyE)

We understand from the text that -------.70.

descriptive grammar focuses on theexceptional uses of words

A)

it is only possible to speak a language bybeing proficient in its grammar rules

B)

our capacity to use a language is defined bythe combination of lexicon and grammar

C)

linguists encourage people to speak alanguage without paying attention togrammar

D)

grammar does not describe basic linguisticknowledge but tells us how we should speak

E)

According to the text, in order to uselanguage for communication, -------.

71.

a successful description of grammar is vital A)it is essential to have a good dictionary B)a shared knowledge of grammar isnecessary

C)

everyone has to agree about grammar rules D)people must give up trying to describegrammar

E)


16

YÖKDİL

A


Multiculturalism has become the official policy inmany Western states and represents a liberaldemocratic attempt to promote ethnic and racialequality. It is based on the idea of displayingtolerance towards a range of cultural practiceswithin the contexts of the nation-state. As apolicy approach, it has been influential ineducational and cultural spheres where it hasunderpinned attempts to introduce people to arange of different beliefs, values, customs andcultural practices. For example, the teaching ofmulti-faith religious education, the performanceof rituals and the promotion of ethnic foodbecame facets of educational policy. Whilemulticulturalism as a strategy has much to offer,some critics argue that the process of relativizingcultures can, in the context of institutionally racistsocial orders, overlook the dimension of power.That is, the day-to-day experiences of racism inrelation to housing, employment and physicalviolence may slip from view. Thus, critics ofmulticulturalism argue that we would be betterserved by an anti-racist approach that highlightsthe operations of power and challenges theideological and structural practices thatconstitute racist societies.

It is clear from the text that multiculturalism-------.

72.

is only supported by ethnic minorities A)has long been neglected in educationB)advocates gender equality above everythingelse

C)

encourages respect for and celebratesdifferences

D)

started as a reaction against the liberaldemocratic approach

E)

We can understand from the text thatmulticulturalism -------.

73.

aims for greater acceptance of differentcultures

A)

causes great damage to the politicalstructure of nation-states

B)

is solely related to educational institutionsC)is against free religious educationD)cannot work without the support of politicalparties

E)

Critics of multiculturalism believe that -------.74.

it highlights the operations of power andchallenges ideological practices

A)

it allows ethnic minorities to use physicalviolence under certain circumstances

B)

it may fail to address daily problems causedby racial intolerance

C)

it may interfere with the cultural practices ofethnic minorities

D)

it ignores the rights of certain ethnicminorities living in the world

E)


17

YÖKDİL

A


The term baroque (misshaped pearl) wasapplied, at first contemptuously but laterrespectfully, to a style of architecture thatoriginated in Rome in the early seventeenthcentury and showed a significant departure fromthe traditions of the Renaissance. Asymmetry ofdesign, luxuriance of ornament, strange orbroken curves or lines, and polychromaticrichness were its main features. The word waslater extended to the other visual arts of thebaroque period, which is generally regarded ashaving lasted to the middle of the eighteenthcentury. The best known early exponents areBorromini in architecture, Bernini in sculpture,and Rubens in painting. Rococo (rock-work) issometimes treated as synonymous with baroque,but is more properly confined to a laterdevelopment of it, especially in France, lighterand more fanciful, and with ornament even lessrelated to structure. The characteristics ofbaroque are grandeur, pomposity, and weight;those of rococo are inconsequence, grace, andlightness. Baroque aims at astounding, rococo atamusing.

We understand from the text that -------.75.

rococo was the dominant painting style inItaly

A)

baroque began as a reaction against rococoin Italy

B)

the term baroque was first used to describea style in music

C)

the term baroque was coined by Frencharchitects

D)

application of the term baroque changedover time

E)

In the text, Borromini, Bernini, and Rubensare given as examples of -------.

76.

representatives of Baroque paintingA)renowned advocates of Rococo artB)prominent Renaissance artists in FranceC)well-known pioneers of Rococo paintingD)famous pioneers of Baroque visual artsE)

The text is mainly about -------.77.

the significance of Baroque painting in thehistory of French art

A)

different kinds of architecture observed inthe Renaissance period

B)

the characteristics of and differencesbetween ‘baroque’ and ‘rococo’

C)

the transformation of ‘rococo’ during andafter the Renaissance period

D)

why baroque, as an artistic style, lost itssignificance in time

E)


18

YÖKDİL

A


The tradition of the headless horseman goesback to ancient times, and examples of thesephantoms can be found in the earliest Germanand Scandinavian folklore. According to legend,both rider and horse are said to be pitch black incolour and they can just as easily gallop in thesky as on the ground. The horsemen aresometimes said to be outcasts from the WildHunt, or otherwise great chiefs who had themisfortune to lose their heads in battle or werebeheaded. A well-known Irish example is theHeadless Rider of Castle Sheela, whose story istold in Ghosts in Irish Houses by JamesReynolds (1947). Many literary critics have beeninterested in headless horseman legends andwritten book-length studies on this topic. Perhapsthe most famous book on the topic is TheHeadless Horseman by American writer, CaptainMayne Reid, published in 1869 and based on anallegedly true case from Texas which the authorhimself had investigated.

According to the text, the headless horseman ------- .

78.

is thought to bring bad luck in Irish culture A)is a legend about the lives of the nobility andhigh-rank officials

B)

was a popular figure in his community C)is a legendary figure that appears indifferent folklores

D)

was first mentioned in Irish and Americanfolklore

E)

It is understood from the text that headlesshorsemen -------.

79.

generally lost their lives while preparing forbattle

A)

might be warriors who lost their heads onbattlefields

B)

were lucky and strong enough to survivemany battles

C)

were usually admired by the soldiers whomthey fought with

D)

did not call for war and bloodshed unlessnecessary

E)

According to the text, Captain Mayne Reid’sThe Headless Horseman -------.

80.

is based on the writer’s own investigationA)deals with early Scandinavian folkloreB)is purely a product of the writer’simagination

C)

tells us about ancient Irish ghost storiesD)is about a group of headless horsemen inTexas

E)


19

YÖKDİL

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20E C A B D A B C E D C D B E A D C B E D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A B C E A B D C E D C E B A E E C B A A

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60D C B E A A D E A B D C B C B D D E A A

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80C E D E B A B B D C C D A C E E C D B A


20

YÖKDİL

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