2019 yÖkdİl İlkbahar - a · 2020. 2. 17. · İİlİce yal bİlİler a 1 - 20 xtwzqfwif h¾rqjij...

İNGİLİZCE (SOSYAL BİLİMLER) A

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılanyerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

In the past, there were some economists whobelieved advertising was ineffective; -------,they regarded it as a waste of time andresources.

1.

howeverA)such asB)neverthelessC)insteadD)thereforeE)

Psychology emerged as a field of study -------the late 19th century, when Wilhelm Wundtfounded the first laboratory to conductpsychological research.

2.

whileA)duringB)sinceC)betweenD)forE)

Traditional arts and crafts are ------- theheritage and symbols of valuable wealth leftby our ancestors ------- an important link inthe continuous development of culture.

3.

less / thanA)neither / norB)not only / but alsoC)such / thatD)instead / ofE)

Users generally regard their profiles -------social networking sites as a form -------self-expression, but for marketingcompanies, they only have commercial value.

4.

from / atA)over / onB)with / byC)into / inD)on / ofE)

In today’s world, the wheel is ------- significantand indispensable ------- it is hard to imagineliving without it.

5.

so / thatA)rather / thatB)such / thatC)either / orD)as / asE)

The main criteria used in specifying ethnicgroups are common behavior patterns, dietand dress ------- a shared history.

6.

butA)despiteB)unlessC)as well asD)thoughE)

A recent study has shown that people mayremember the same event differently,depending on ------- they process it in theirmemory.

7.

whoseA)whomB)howC)thatD)whatE)

2019 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

1

AThe name “labyrinth” was given by theancient Greeks and Romans to buildings,entirely or ------- underground, with passages.

8.

globallyA)quicklyB)latelyC)sociallyD)partlyE)

Throughout the 18th century, some importantcomposers tried to popularize their music bymaking it more ------- to the general public.

9.

rareA)accessibleB)completeC)foreignD)regularE)

In 1793, the Louvre ------- as a public museumin France, and, the next year, the Frenchpainter Louis David ------- as its director.

10.

had been opened / has been appointedA)could be opened / is appointedB)might be opened / may be appointedC)was opened / was appointedD)has been opened / had been appointedE)

The Cyrillic alphabet originally had 43 letters,the majority of which appear to have been------- the Greek scripts of the time.

11.

looked intoA)turned downB)derived fromC)taken awayD)divided intoE)

Lifestyles that ------- to be marginal in the past------- less unusual and increasingly commonin the present world.

12.

were considered / are becomingA)are considered / have been becomingB)have been considered / had becomeC)might be considered / used to becomeD)must be considered / will becomeE)

Technology makes it possible for companiesto ------- enormous amounts of data on thepossible partners they will work with.

13.

approveA)performB)decideC)happenD)collectE)

The rise of Japan into the ranks of theindustrial powers in the 20th centurysurprised everyone ------- it had no iron oreand very little coal.

14.

if onlyA)becauseB)yetC)so thatD)just asE)

------- public interest in exercise is generallythought to have increased over the last 30years, it is reported that only 27% of adultsdo exercise regularly.

15.

Now thatA)As long asB)ProvidedC)WhileD)UnlessE)


2

AThe earliest civilizations did not arise infertile rain-watered lands; -------, they beganin dry regions, where water came from ariver or a lake.

16.

despiteA)thereforeB)on the contraryC)likewiseD)as well asE)

When entrepreneurs in the early 20th centuryfirst ------- to record moving pictures ofreal-life events, people ------- to call this newtype of storytelling documentaries.

17.

began / startedA)were beginning / startB)have begun / were startingC)had begun / have startedD)begin / had startedE)

In the United States, readers appreciate adirect -------, which means when you expressyour point as openly as possible, you showthat you value your readers’ time.

18.

safetyA)approachB)mysteryC)ambitionD)memoryE)

Users who are part of the same ‘‘network’’may view one another’s profiles ------- aprofile owner has decided to denypermission to those in his or her network.

19.

as long asA)whenB)ifC)just asD)unlessE)

According to art historians, the Japanesevisual arts ------- by three major factors:Chinese visual arts, indigenous traditions,and Buddhist iconography.

20.

had influencedA)are influencingB)were influencingC)have been influencedD)have influencedE)


3

A

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Part of listening to what others are saying ---21---observing how they say it. Even when we saynothing, our bodies talk; sometimes they evenshout. Research shows that more than half ofwhat we communicate ---22--- through our bodylanguage rather than our words. Therefore, wemust also become aware of body language,facial expressions, and tone of voice ---23--- wedo not wish to create a wrong impression. Theseshould match what we say in words; ---24---, wemight end up sending mixed messages andcreating more misunderstandings. For example,as long as you want to make an assertivestatement, you ---25--- what the other person isthinking and keep your expression friendly.

21.

includesA)raisesB)appearsC)growsD)controlsE)

22.

conveysA)is conveyedB)was conveyedC)has conveyedD)is conveyingE)

23.

ifA)as soon asB)onceC)thoughD)whileE)

24.

similarlyA)consequentlyB)otherwise C)besidesD)moreoverE)

25.

should have guessedA)would guessB)have guessedC)had better guessD)could be guessingE)


4

A

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Like many English novelists, George Eliot ---26---to novel writing relatively late in life. She wasforty ---27--- her first novel, Adam Bede, waspublished in 1859. The lives of her charactersare, ---28---, viewed from this well-developedperspective and extensive experience. This pointof view was emphasized by her practice ofsetting her stories back in time, to the period ofher own childhood, or even ---29---. In most ofher novels, she draws a preindustrial rural sceneor the small-town life of the English Midlands,---30--- she sees with a combination of nostalgiaand candid awareness of its limitations.

26.

cameA)has comeB)might comeC)comesD)is comingE)

27.

untilA)whenB)even ifC)afterD)whereasE)

28.

yetA)for instanceB)howeverC)such asD)thereforeE)

29.

as early asA)early enoughB)much earlierC)earlier thanD)so early asE)

30.

whoseA)whatB)whoC)whenD)whichE)


5

A

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

The Eastern Roman Empire, or the ByzantineEmpire, flourished until 1453, -------.

31.

whether the empire had been split into twoat this time or not

A)

that today’s England was then dominated byAngles and Saxons

B)

even though historians marked it as thebeginning of a new age

C)

but it did not make many significantterritorial gains in Europe

D)

although it took control of not just art butalso education

E)

-------, governments may or may not establisha dedicated ministry for tourism policies.

32.

While spreading the benefits of tourism fairlyamong all the stakeholders

A)

Depending upon the extent of tourism’seconomic and political significance

B)

If they had maximized the potential oftourism as a source of income

C)

Providing public goods, such as streetlighting, and merit goods, like art galleries

D)

Unless they get the statistics required tomonitor economic activity

E)

-------, in opposition to the notoriousuncertainty of the Symbolist movement.

33.

Acmeism was a significant movement in theearly 20th century, aiming for precision andclarity

A)

Anna Akhmatova’s early work wasperceived as exemplary of the newmovement, Symbolism

B)

The Symbolists were a group of Russianpoets, many of whose works were publishedin “Apollon”

C)

The Acmeist movement did not last verylong, but it included some distinguishedRussian poets

D)

For the Acmeists, a poet was no longer aprophet or a theurgist, but a craftsman or amaster

E)

-------, but children need space to learn andgrow on their own, too.

34.

Parents can help their children learn toidentify and solve their problems themselves

A)

Children who cannot regulate their emotionsare more likely to have a harder time makingfriends

B)

Educating the people who will be parents isa significant starting point for beginning afamily

C)

Over-controlling parents can negativelyaffect a child's ability to manage his or heremotions

D)

It is natural for parents to do whatever theycan to keep their children safe and healthy

E)

In order to perform satisfactorily in theclassroom and provide high-qualityeducation, -------.

35.

the students’ families have more urgentexpenses, like housing and transportation

A)

there has not been effective support forraising the quality of the workforce

B)

educators must receive appropriate ongoingsupport and professional development

C)

the present workforce in the educationsystem is having financial troubles

D)

many children have no access tohigh-quality services in their environment

E)


6

ADespite profound differences in their moralsand ideas, -------.

36.

these forms of cultural exchanges mightcause bigger problems

A)

the Spanish and the Aztecs were similar intheir cultural aspects

B)

in 1519, the Spanish conquers landed onthe coast of Veracruz

C)

the gap between the Aztecs and theEuropeans was huge

D)

these peoples had had so little contact thatthey were alien to one another

E)

In addition to its more common forms suchas smoking and alcohol, -------.

37.

scientists are looking for new ways to treataddictive behavior

A)

the behavior of addicts leads to theirneglecting other areas of their lives

B)

that kind of addiction is about five timesmore common in men than women

C)

addiction has also been linked with food,and even relationships

D)

substance abuse is among the majorpsychological disorders on the list

E)

Despite revolutionary developments indigitized technology, particularly in thevisual arts, -------.

38.

traditional works of art have continued to behighly valued by the international art market

A)

postmodern art was motivated by a need toconnect with broader human concerns

B)

the experience, ownership, and use of artare no longer limited to a social elite

C)

digital photography and photographicmontage were widely applied by many

D)

the issue of gender has been ignored in thediscussion about artistic production

E)

Each year, governments create a budget todetermine -------.

39.

since recycling should be supported toencourage less pollution

A)

as long as the budget designates whichpublic goods to produce

B)

which includes social security, welfare, andother social programs

C)

how much money they will spend in theupcoming year

D)

although the taxes support programs thathelp people with low incomes

E)

Little is known about Marco Polo’s early life,-------.

40.

moreover, the merchants of the day tradedthroughout the Mediterranean region

A)

since his travels and experiences in Chinaincreased interest in Asian trade

B)

because his own account of his travels isthe only source of information on him

C)

so he was born in Venice, the mostimportant center of trade in medieval Europe

D)

if he had received a typical education forchildren of merchants at that time

E)

------- because of his musical gifts as a pianistand as a composer.

41.

The Marriage of Figaro, a piece composedby Mozart, was first performed that year

A)

Mozart’s works were cataloguedchronologically by Ludwig von Köchel

B)

During the last years of his life, Mozart haddifficulties handling financial issues

C)

Many composers like Mozart weredissatisfied with the low pay

D)

As a child prodigy, Mozart became widelyregarded as a miracle of nature

E)


7

A

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyibulunuz.

The United Kingdom must continue to abideby European Union laws and treaties until itsobligations as a member state have ended.

42.

Birleşik Krallık, Avrupa Birliği kanun veanlaşmalarına bağlı kalmaya devametmelidir, çünkü üye devlet olarakyükümlülükleri hâlâ devam ediyor.

A)

Birleşik Krallık, üye devlet olarakyükümlülükleri sona erene kadar AvrupaBirliği kanun ve anlaşmalarına bağlıkalmaya devam etmelidir.

B)

Avrupa Birliği üyesi olan Birleşik Krallık, üyedevlet statüsü sona erene kadar, tüm kanunve anlaşmalara bağlı kalmaya devametmelidir.

C)

Birleşik Krallık, Avrupa Birliği’ndeki üyedevlet statüsü sona erene kadar, kanun veanlaşmalardan kaynaklanan tümsorumluluklarını yerine getirmelidir.

D)

Birleşik Krallık, üye devlet olarakyükümlülükleri sona erene kadar AvrupaBirliği’nin kanun ve anlaşmalarına bağlıkalmalıdır.

E)

When families cannot care for their children,states have the authority to provide care forthe children.

43.

Aileler çocuklarına bakamadıklarında,devletler bu çocuklar için bakım sağlamayetkisine sahiptir.

A)

Aileler çocuklarına bakamazlarsa, devletebu çocuklar için bakım sağlama yetkisiverilebilir.

B)

Aileler çocuklarına bakmadıklarında,devletlerin yetkili birimleri, o çocuklarabakım sağlayabilir.

C)

Devletin, ailesi olmayan çocuklara bakımsağlama yetkisini kullanma hakkıbulunmaktadır.

D)

Devletin, aileleri tarafından bakılmayançocuklar için sürekli bakım sağlama yetkisivardır.

E)

At the height of their power, the Aztecscontrolled a region stretching from the Gulfof Mexico to Guatemala.

44.

Güçlerinin zirvesindeyken Aztekler, MeksikaKörfezi’nden Guatemala’ya uzanan bölgeyitamamen kontrol edebiliyorlardı.

A)

Aztekler, güçlü oldukları zamanlarda,Meksika ile Guatemala arasında kalanbölgeyi kontrol ediyorlardı.

B)

Güçlü oldukları zamanlarda Aztekler,Meksika Körfezi ve Guatemala gibi bölgelerikontrol edebilmişlerdir.

C)

Meksika Körfezi’nden Guatemala’ya uzananbir bölgeyi kontrol eden Aztekler, güçlerininzirvesine bu dönemde ulaşmıştır.

D)

Güçlerinin zirvesindeyken, Aztekler MeksikaKörfezi’nden Guatemala’ya kadar uzanan birbölgeyi kontrol etmişlerdir.

E)

Canal houses in Amsterdam were often builtwith a certain tilt, to allow goods to becarried to the attic without crashing againstthe windows.

45.

Eşyaların çatı katına pencerelereçarpmadan taşınmasını sağlamak içinAmsterdam’da evler öne doğru bir eğimleyapılırdı.

A)

Amsterdam’daki kanal evleri, eşyaların üstkatlara ya da çatı katına pencerelereçarpmadan taşınmasını sağlamak için önedoğru bir eğimle yapılır.

B)

Amsterdam’daki kanal evleri, eşyaların çatıkatına pencerelere çarpmadan taşınmasınısağlamak için genellikle öne doğru belli bireğimle yapılırdı.

C)

Amsterdam’ın ünlü kanal evleri, eşyalarınpencerelere çarpmadan taşınmasınısağlamak için öne doğru belli bir eğimleyapılırdı.

D)

Amsterdam’daki kanal evleri öne doğru bellibir eğimle yapılır; böylelikle eşyaların çatıkatına kolay bir şekilde taşınması sağlanır.

E)


8

AAlthough the topic of lying has received theattention of researchers, there is relativelyless investigation into this behavior inchildren.

46.

Bugüne kadar yalan söyleme konusuhakkında birçok bilimsel araştırmayapılmasına rağmen, çocuklar üzerine fazlayoğunlaşılmamıştır.

A)

Bugüne kadar yalan söyleme konusuhakkında birçok bilimsel araştırmayapılmıştır; ancak bu davranışın çocuklarüzerindeki etkileri araştırılmamıştır.

B)

Yalan söyleme konusu, uzun zamandıraraştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir;ancak, çocuklardaki bu davranış üzerine azaraştırma yapılmıştır.

C)

Yalan söyleme konusu araştırmacılarındikkatini çekmesine rağmen, çocuklardakibu davranış üzerine görece daha azaraştırma vardır.

D)

Araştırmacıların oldukça dikkatini çekenyalan söyleme konusu, çocuklar üzerinde şuana kadar daha az araştırılıp incelenmiştir.

E)

Because China’s nuclear-power industry iscentrally run, the authorities are able to keeptight control over safety measures.

47.

Güvenlik önlemlerini sıkı tutabilen Çinliyetkililer, nükleer enerji endüstrisini yıllardırmerkezden yönetiyorlar.

A)

Çin’in nükleer enerji endüstrisi merkezdenyönetildiği için, yetkililer güvenlik önlemlerinisıkı tutabiliyorlar.

B)

Merkezden yönetilen Çin’in nükleer enerjiendüstrisinin güvenliği hükümet tarafındansağlanmaktadır.

C)

Çin’de merkezden yönetilen nükleer enerjiendüstrisinin güvenlik önlemlerini sıkıtutmak zor olmuyor.

D)

Çin’in nükleer enerji endüstrisini merkezdenyönetebilmek için, yetkililer güvenlikönlemlerini sıkı tutuyorlar.

E)

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyibulunuz.

Toprak reformunun en önemli amacı feodaltoprak sahipliğini, toprağı olmayan köylüleretoprağı yeniden pay ederek ortadankaldırmaktı.

48.

One of the most significant objectives ofland reform was to give free land to landlesspeasants by abolishing feudallandownership.

A)

Landless peasants demand land reformfrom politicians, which aims to abolish feudalforms of landownership forever.

B)

The most significant objective of land reformwas to abolish feudal landownership byredistributing land to landless peasants.

C)

The key objective of land reform was toabolish feudal ownership instead ofredistributing land to landless peasants.

D)

The most significant objective of land reformwas to redistribute certain lands to peasantsby abolishing feudal landownership.

E)

İlk medeniyetler geliştikçe, insanlar ateşisilah ve evlerini aydınlatmanın bir yolu olarakkullanmaya başlamışlardır.

49.

As early civilizations advanced, fire waswidely used by people as a weapon and asa way of lighting their homes.

A)

Early civilizations advanced significantly asthey made use of fire as a weapon and as away of lighting their homes.

B)

As a result of using fire as a weapon and asa way of lighting their homes, earlycivilizations started to advance.

C)

As early civilizations advanced, peoplestarted to make use of fire as a weapon andas a way of lighting their homes.

D)

In order for early civilizations to advance,people had to use fire as a weapon and as away of lighting their homes.

E)


9

AAsur sarayı, sadece kraliyet ikametgâhı değil,aynı zamanda imparatorluğun gücünün veyenilmezliğinin görünür bir ifadesiydi.

50.

An Assyrian palace was not only a royalresidence but also a visible expression ofthe power due to its indestructibility.

A)

An Assyrian palace was a royal residencesince it was a visible expression of thepower and indestructibility of the empire.

B)

An Assyrian palace was considered to beboth a royal residence and a visibleexpression of the power and indestructibilityof the empire.

C)

An Assyrian palace was more than a royalresidence as it was a visible expression ofthe power and indestructibility of the empire.

D)

An Assyrian palace was not only a royalresidence but also a visible expression ofthe power and indestructibility of the empire.

E)

Her bir müzenin misyonu farklıdır;bulunduğu yer ve kapsadığı tarihsel dönem,müzenin yapısını ve içeriğini belirler.

51.

Museums have different missions; thecountry where it is situated and its historicalperiod should define the structure andcontent of the museum.

A)

The mission of each museum is different;the place where it is situated and thehistorical period that it covers define thestructure and content of the museum.

B)

The mission of a museum should bedifferent; the structure and content of themuseum should be shaped by where it issituated and the historical period it covers.

C)

The mission of each museum may bedifferent; the place where it is situated andevery historical period it covers all define thestructure and content of the museum.

D)

The place where a museum is situated andthe historical period it covers define thestructure of the museum, which makes itquite different from other ones.

E)

Uçağın icat edildiği 1903 yılından bu yana,hava ulaşımı turizm endüstrisinin en önemlisektörlerinden biri olmuştur.

52.

Since 1903, when the aircraft was invented,air transport has been one of the mostimportant sectors of the tourism industry.

A)

The aircraft was invented in 1903; sincethen, air transport has become a veryimportant sector of the tourism industry.

B)

Since the invention of the aircraft in 1903,air transport has always been considered tobe an important sector of the tourismindustry.

C)

Since the invention of aircraft in 1903, airtransport has been considered one of themost important sectors of the tourismindustry.

D)

Air transport, which has been an importantsector since 1903, has contributed a lot totourism industry.

E)

Uzaktan öğrenime artan ilgi, neredeyse herkonuda günün 24 saati destek sunan pek çokşirketle devasa bir çevrimiçi destekendüstrisi oluşturmuştur.

53.

Increasing interest in distance learning hasformed an online support industry, withcompanies using 24-hour-a-day assistanceservices in every subject.

A)

Many online companies offering assistancealmost 24 hours a day in every subject areaare mainly due to increasing interest indistance learning.

B)

Since many companies are offering24-hour-a-day assistance in almost everysubject, distance learning has developed ahuge online support industry.

C)

The online support in distance learning canbe seen as a huge industry, with manycompanies offering 24-hour-a-dayassistance in every subject.

D)

Increasing interest in distance learning hasformed a huge online support industry, withmany companies offering 24-hour-a-dayassistance in almost every subject.

E)


10

A

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlambütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılanyerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

With the increase in the number ofadvertisers and advertising media over time,it has become harder for individualadvertisers to get and keep our attention.-------. For example, a 30-second onlineadvertisement today may consist of a seriesof 20 to 30 different images. However, atelevision advertisement from the early 1960sgenerally consisted of exactly one shot andwould seem dull and boring to viewers today.

54.

This is why they are constantly looking fornew ways to get us to buy their productsand services

A)

Moreover, large advertisers typically haveemployees who supervise the marketingfunctions of the firm

B)

Similarly, all online agencies are supposedto hire professionals to compete with others

C)

New media also provide new opportunitiesfor advertisers to identify different segmentsof consumers

D)

However, commercial artists design the lookof advertisements and choose the type oflettering

E)

The functions of leadership can varysignificantly. An instrumental leader, forinstance, is one who is goal-oriented andlargely concerned with accomplishing settasks. We can assume that an army generalwould be an instrumental leader. -------. Theleaders of charity organizations and socialservice programmes are often consideredthis type of leader.

55.

These directors of youth homes have longtried hard to meet young people’s demands

A)

Such leaders, on the other hand, are notinto accomplishing set tasks

B)

In contrast, there is a longstandingstereotype that men are leaders that aremore instrumental

C)

Expressive leaders, on the other hand, aremore interested in improving emotionalstrength

D)

They allow group members to self-manageand make their own decisions

E)

Making decisions about the ethics ofresearch involves weighing the costs andbenefits of conducting versus not conductinga project. The costs involve potential harm tothe research participants and to the field,whereas the benefits include the potential foradvancing knowledge about human behaviorand offering various advantages to theindividual participants. Most generally, theethics of a given research project aredetermined through a cost-benefit analysis,in which the costs are compared to thebenefits. -------. Then, the research isconsidered “unethical,” and, therefore,should not proceed.

56.

What is ethical is defined by the currentstate of thinking and evaluating withinsociety

A)

The harm done by a given research studymay not be as dangerous as previouslythought

B)

The potential costs of the research couldoutweigh any potential benefits that mightcome from it

C)

The Institutional Review Board is acommittee whose goal it is to determine thecost-benefit ratio

D)

A set of principles has been developed forresearchers to help them make precisedecisions

E)


11

AEmpiricism is a philosophical theory thatclaims that all knowledge grows fromexperience. -------. Before these two influentialfigures, a different theory of knowledgecalled rationalism had dominatedseventeenth century intellectuals. This theorysuggested that people can uncover truthsabout the world solely by utilizing theirability to think and reason.

57.

The works of John Locke and Isaac Newtonprovided one of the intellectual buildingblocks of this theory

A)

As well as other factors involved, this theoryis likely to completely eliminate rationalism

B)

For instance, some scientists claimed thatrationalism was a new way of searching fornew clues

C)

According to rationalists, it always workswith information obtained by analyzingthoughts

D)

Newton adapted empiricism to the needs ofscientific investigation of his time

E)

-------. In some of them, the pictures werearranged according to schools or artisticcircles. Other collections were arrangedthematically. One wall of the entrance hall ofthe Galleria Uffizi in Florence, for example,has been densely filled with portraits since1753. In some cases, paintings were simplyorganized according to the size of the canvasor hung where space was available whenthey were acquired by the museum.

58.

Many important works of Western literatureaim to reflect the daily lives of their time andthe way people were educated

A)

There were different organizational modelsfor the presentation of pictures in the artgalleries of the 19th century

B)

Today, pictures exhibited in many Europeanart galleries often date back to as early asthe first and second centuries

C)

The last two centuries have seen anongoing revolution in imaging technologies,from lithography to the Internet

D)

A picture is a two-dimensional surface thatdepicts a scene by virtue of the way itssurface is marked and colored

E)

Technological development has often had asignificant impact on the way in which mediaproducts are both produced and consumed.-------. Similarly, alternative sources of newssuch as the Internet have led to a decline inthe readership of mass circulationnewspapers. But that is not all. Recordcompanies have seen a reduction in sales asmusic fans find access to music through theInternet.

59.

In addition, television is beginning to take onmany of the properties of a computer

A)

As a result, digital media representsignificant changes to analog technology;one of these is interactivity

B)

For example, the introduction of televisionclearly reduced the number of radio listeners

C)

By including a modem in a satellite receiver,viewers are able to order films and otherproducts online

D)

The video recorders of the 1980s were notvery popular among the elderly

E)


12

A

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) In the beginning, the study of folklore waslimited to the songs and stories of oraltraditions. (II) However, it soon began toinclude all popular customs, arts andtraditions. (III) Such a comprehensive studypresented many problems. (IV) The term“folklore” combines the words folk (people)and lore (tradition) to indicate populartraditions and their study. (V) One of theseproblems was finding a criterion to definethe object of study.

60.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Bertrand Russell’s greatest contributionslie in the technical fields of logic andphilosophy. (II) Philosophers use techniquesand ideas developed from his work withoutfeeling the need to mention his name. (III) Inthis way, he is a far more significantcontributor to philosophy than his pupilLudwig Wittgenstein. (IV) Russell’s badreputation was chiefly the product of hisengagement in social and politicalcontroversy. (V) Philosophy learned somevaluable lessons from Wittgenstein, but fromRussell it acquired an entire framework,constituting what is now called analyticphilosophy.

61.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The women’s movement has often beencalled one of the most important socialmovements. (II) Its most basic goals are toimprove women’s social, economic, andpolitical conditions. (III) Various movementsplayed an important part in reshaping acultural society. (IV) Introducing new ideasto public discourse and exerting pressure onpolicymakers are the main goals of thismovement. (V) Beyond these basic features,however, there is considerable diversityamong specific women’s movements aroundthe world.

62.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


13

A(I) The systematic study of ancient Egyptbegan with the Napoleonic expedition toEgypt in 1798. (II) Accompanying NapoleonBonaparte’s invading army was a group ofscholars who recorded ancient Egyptianmonuments. (III) But a synthesis of all formsof evidence is needed in order to betterunderstand other ancient civilizations. (IV)Systematic excavations in Egypt, however,did not really begin until the late nineteenthcentury, with the work of William MatthewFlinders Petrie. (V) Previous to Petrie’s workin Egypt, excavators had mainly beeninterested in sending ancient art and textsback to museums and collectors in Europe.

63.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Perhaps the school of psychology that ismost familiar to the general public is thepsychodynamic method, championed bySigmund Freud. (II) It is a method thatfocuses on the role of unconscious thoughts,feelings, and memories. (III) Freud developedhis theories about behavior throughextensive analysis of the patients he treated.(IV) He believed that many of the problemshis patients experienced were the result ofthe effects of painful childhood experiences.(V) The founders were researchers whoworked with individuals to help themunderstand their symptoms.

64.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) In classical Greek, “mythos” means anystory or plot, whether true or fictional. (II) Inits central modern significance, however, amyth is one story in a mythology. (III) If theprotagonist is a human being rather than asupernatural being, the traditional story isusually called not a myth but a legend. (IV)These anthropologists doubt that manyclassical works include facts about a society.(V) If the story is about supernatural beingswho are not gods, and the story is not part ofa systematic mythology, it is usuallyclassified as a folk tale.

65.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


14

A

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçayagöre cevaplayınız.

Genealogical tourism has been historicallyundervalued, but it is now becoming recognizedas a valuable tool for destination promotion.Genealogical tourists want to travel to thecountry of their ancestors’ origins and to learnmore about their family history or the contextualand cultural heritage of the family. In addition tothe places and sites where people used to liveand work, visits to graveyards and churches tosee memorials and burial sites, as well as toinspect historic records are becomingincreasingly popular. Although a worldwidephenomenon, genealogical tourism is mostcommon among communities removed from theirhomelands or where there has at some timebeen mass emigration, e.g., from England toAustralia, and from Ireland to England and theUSA. Evidence suggests that it is a growingsub-sector of tourism, as a result of theincreasing sociological awareness of thepost-industrial society that we currently live in.

It is clear from the text that -------.66.

genealogical tourism did not receive theattention it deserved in the past

A)

museums and art galleries are the mainattractions for genealogical tourists

B)

genealogical tourists consult historians tochoose their destinations

C)

genealogical tourism is becoming morepopular in England than in the USA

D)

governments have made enormousinvestments in genealogical tourism inrecent years

E)

According to the text, genealogical tourismespecially attracts those -------.

67.

who are interested in the cultural heritage ofvarious countries

A)

who would like to visit new countries and getto know different cultures

B)

who can spare the time and money to visitcountries with intriguing histories

C)

whose families come from small countrieswith diverse cultural traditions

D)

whose ancestors had to leave their homecountry for certain reasons

E)

Which of the following CANNOT be amotivation for genealogical tourism?

68.

Desire to have a holiday with familymembers.

A)

Desire to find new documents about thehistory of a family member.

B)

Desire to examine historic records related toone’s family.

C)

Desire to see the place where one’s familyoriginally came from.

D)

Desire to make a trip to discover one’sfamily history and lineage.

E)


15

A


The term “capital” is often used to refer to moneythat is available for investment or, indeed, anyasset that can be readily turned into money for it.Thus, a person’s house is often described as hisor her capital, because it can be turned intocapital either by selling it or by borrowing on thestrength of it. Many small businesses are indeedset up in this way. It is, however, only possible toturn property into capital if its ownership is clearlyestablished, its value can be measured, its titlecan be transferred, and a market exists for it. Acharacteristic feature of the development ofcapitalist societies is the emergence ofinstitutions that enable the conversion of assetsof all kinds into capital. It is the absence of theseinstitutions and, above all, functioning systems ofproperty law that frustrates the emergence oflocal capitalisms in the Third World.

The text is mainly about -------. 69.

the different ways to establish smallbusinesses

A)

the definition of capital and its convertibilityB)the evolution of capitalism in the West C)what capital means to small businesses D)how capital changed hands in the modernworld

E)

According to the text, -------.70.

one has to own a property in order to start asmall business

A)

the terms investment and capital havenothing in common

B)

there is greater capital accumulation inEastern countries than Western countries

C)

the laws regulating capital exchange need tobe improved

D)

there are well-defined conditions for turningproperty into capital

E)

It is clear from the text that Third Worldcountries -------.

71.

lack the institutions necessary for capitalismto flourish

A)

inherited their capitalist institutions from theEast

B)

have redefined their financial systems andflourished

C)

are hardly in need of productivebusinessmen for economic development

D)

have standardized the laws regulating theireconomies in recent years

E)


16

A


Since the beginning of the Millennium,researchers have tried to bring attention to the“digital divide”, the uneven access to technologyamong different races, classes, and geographicareas. The term became part of the commonlexicon in 1996. This was the point whenpersonal computer (PC) use had shifted from300,000 users in 1991 to more than 10 millionusers. The issue of the digital divide had to dowith communities that received infrastructureupgrades that largely went to wealthy urban andsuburban areas. Data from the Pew ResearchCenter suggests that as technological devicesget smaller, larger percentages of minoritygroups are using their cell phones to connect tothe Internet. About 70% of people in minoritygroups connect to the web via such devices.While it might seem that the Internet is theInternet, regardless of how you get there, there’sa notable difference. Tasks like updating CVs orfilling out job applications are much harder on acell phone than on a wired computer. Therefore,the digital divide might also mean access toonline technology that allows for empowerment,not just entertainment.

The digital divide -------.72.

was a concept first developed andintroduced to the public before 1996

A)

refers to the unjust distribution of technologyamong different races, classes, andgeographic areas

B)

is a term encompassing infrastructural and technological problems encountered inurban and suburban areas

C)

assures that different races, classes, andgeographic areas benefit equally fromtechnological advances

D)

was the result of the widespread distributionof infrastructural upgrades and technologicaladvances

E)

According to the data from the Pew ResearchCenter, -------.

73.

some people use their mobile phones toupload their CVs because it is much easier

A)

the highest increase in the number of peopleusing PCs took place in the 1990s

B)

people from minority groups are mostlyusing their mobile phones instead of wiredcomputers to access the Internet

C)

thanks to mobile phone technology, moreand more people are able to find proper jobs

D)

as a result of the digital divide, moreminority groups are using online technologyfor empowerment rather than entertainment

E)

It can be inferred from the text that -------.74.

a person would have a better chance ofgetting a job if he used a wireless devices toprepare his/her CV

A)

there is no direct link between the size of thetechnological devices and the rate of theiruse

B)

researchers started to pay special attentionto the problem of the digital divide in 1991

C)

the digital divide may also indicate certainforms of inequalities in a given society

D)

the authorities have long overlooked theproblems created by the digital divide

E)


17

A


Britain has not launched a rocket into space for50 years, but it has a huge space industry.According to a government report, its share inthe global space economy is 6,5%. The industryin the country is worth £13,7 billion, and itemploys 39,000 people directly. Britain produces40% of the world’s small satellites. Now theBritish space industry may face great problemsafter Brexit, the withdrawal of the UnitedKingdom from the European Union. Airbus, amultinational company that is the biggestsatellite-maker in Britain, has announced that itwill move some of its operations from Britain toFrance after Brexit. Problems have become moreserious in Britain’s participation in the GalileoNavigation Project. This project is Europe’sequivalent of America’s GPS, the navigationalsystem. The European Union (EU) sayspost-Brexit Britain should not be included in suchEU projects that involve sensitive information.However, there are some reasons for hope forBritain. The space industry has little governmentsupport in Britain. So, the companies in thissector are very commercially minded. If Britainloses business in the EU, it could find new fieldsto operate in places like the Middle East.

It is clear from the text that Britain -------.75.

is one of the countries that get considerablebenefits from the space economy

A)

will have to stop investing in the spaceeconomy after Brexit

B)

is one of the European countries that havenever launched any rockets

C)

hopes to make much more money fromspace technology after Brexit

D)

will support space research programs tocompete with other European countries

E)

The Galileo Navigation Project -------.76.

was canceled after Britain voted for Brexit A)involves some secret data about Europeancountries

B)

will replace America’s GPS as it is no longerreliable

C)

is a project that is funded by the Americangovernment

D)

is a British project that involves sensitiveinformation

E)

From the text, we can infer that -------.77.

the EU wants to exclude Britain from itsspace program as it operates in the MiddleEast

A)

Britain is a country that employs the highestnumber of people in the space economy

B)

the space industry has little governmentsupport in Britain, so it cannot develop inthat country

C)

the Galileo navigation project will suffer a lotif Britain decides not to participate in it

D)

Brexit may create new opportunities for theBritish space industry in other parts of theworld

E)


18

A


In any socio-cultural milieu, people may beoccupied in gossip for a substantial part of theireveryday lives. Recognizing that studying ourdaily lives is the key to an understanding ofhuman behavior. Anthropologists have longappreciated the significance of gossip.Nevertheless, sustained analysis of gossipremained intermittent until the 1960s, when threebroadly distinct views emerged: the functionalist,the transactionalist, and thesymbolic-interactionist. The functionalist view isexemplified by Max Gluckman. Gossip,Gluckman claims, is a culturally determined andsanctioned process, a social fact, with customaryrules and with important functions. Notably,gossip helps maintain group unity, morality, andhistory. For Gluckman, the essence of gossip isa constant communal evaluation andreaffirmation of behavior by assessment againstcommon, traditional expectations. Furthermore,gossip enables groups to control the competingcliques and aspiring individuals of which they arecomposed; through gossip, differences of opinionare fought out behind the scenes so thatoutwardly a show of harmony and friendship canbe maintained.

It can be understood from the text that -------. 78.

Max Gluckman was the first anthropologistto conduct a scientific study of gossip

A)

anthropologists have refused to studygossip as it occupies a substantial part ofeveryday life

B)

it was in the 1960s that anthropologists firststarted to show serious interest in gossip

C)

anthropologists have tried to identify theeffects of gossip on one’s personality

D)

the functionalist and the transactionalistviews share a number of theoreticalsimilarities

E)

According to the text, which of the followingis NOT a function of gossiping?

79.

To provide a control mechanism for thegroup members.

A)

To change customary rules and norms. B)To secure group unity. C)To test and approve certain types ofbehavior.

D)

To prevent disagreements from harmingfriendships.

E)

The text is mainly about -------.80.

how gossiping may damage group dynamicsA)the differences among three views ofgossiping

B)

why Max Gluckman decided to study gossip C)the significance of gossip as a socialphenomenon

D)

various functions of gossiping and itsnegative effects

E)


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A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20E B C E A D C E B D C A E B D C A B E D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A B A C D A B E C E D B A E C B D A D C

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60E B A E C D B C D E B A E A D C A B C D

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80D C C E D A E A B E A B C D A B E C B D


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