· 2020-01-29 · solar thermal electricity in china in 2011 and future outlook july, 2012...

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY IN CHINA IN 2011 AND FUTURE OUTLOOK July, 2012

Prepared by Cayetano Hernández Lluna Page 1

CREDITS

Solar Thermal Electricity in China in 2011 and Future Outlook

Author: Cayetano Hernández Lluna

Cover Design: Janis Leung, ESTELA

Cover Images: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Published only in electronic form.

All sources of images used in the report are listed in Chapter 10 References.

For further information contact ESTELA:

European Solar Thermal Electricity Association

Renewable Energy House

Rue d’Arlon 63-67

1040 Brussels

Belgium

Phone: +32 2 400 10 90

Web: www.estelasolar.eu

Email: [email protected]

ESTELA assumes no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication or the subsequent use. Sole responsibility lies on the author of this report. In any case of the utilisation or reproduction of information, a request should be addressed to ESTELA.

08 Otoño

http://www.estelasolar.eu/

mailto:[email protected]

July, 2012 SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY IN CHINA IN 2011 AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

Page 2 European Solar Thermal Electricity Association

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION 7

1.1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7

1.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA 9

2. OVERVIEW OF THE CHINESE RENEWABLE MARKET, THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW AND THE

CHINESE FEED-IN TARIFF 16

2.1. TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN AND OVERVIEW OF CHINA'S RENEWABLE MARKET 16

2.1.1. Current situation 19 2.1.2. Forecast 26

2.2. THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW AND THE CHINESE FEED-IN TARIFF 35

2.2.1. The Renewable Energy Law 35 2.2.2. Stages of Project Approval in China 43 2.2.3. Chinese feed-in tariff 48

3. SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL IN CHINA 53

3.1. CHINA SOLAR RADIATION RESOURCES 53

4. MARKET DEVELOPMENTS IN 2011 69

4.1. CURRENT CSP PROJECTS 71

4.2. PILOT PROJECTS 72

4.2.1. Small pilot projects by technology until 2012 72 4.2.2. Dahan Tower Plant 1 MW Power Tower plant 79

4.3. DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS 82

4.3.1. Erdos, Inner Mongolia 50 MW Parabolic Trough 83 4.3.2. Gansu, Jinta, 50 MW Parabolic Trough 84 4.3.3. Qinghai , Golmud, 50 MW Parabolic Trough 85 4.3.4. Qinghai , Delingha, 50 MW Parabolic Trough 86 4.3.5. Ningxia Hanas 92.5 MW ISCC project 87

4.4. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS 88

5. THE CHINESE SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY SECTOR 124

5.1. INTRODUCTION 124

5.2. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS 126

5.2.1. National Government 126 5.2.2. NDRC- National Development and Reform Commission 127 5.2.3. NEA- National Energy Administration 128 5.2.4. CNREC- China National Renewable Energy Centre 129 5.2.5. MOF- Ministry of Finance 130



5.2.6. MOST-Ministry of Science and Technology 130 5.2.7. PRICE BUREAU 131 5.2.8. LOCAL GOVERNMENT 133

5.3. CSP AGENCIES 136

5.3.1. National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy-NAFSTE 136 National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy 136 5.3.2. Gansu Provincial CSP Innovation Strategy Alliance 137

5.4. INVESTMENT AND FINANCE 138

5.4.1. China Commercial Banks 139 5.4.2. Local Banks 140 5.4.3. China Development Bank 143 5.4.4. International Banks 144 5.4.5. Asian Development Bank 144 5.4.6. The World Bank 145 5.4.7. Other investors 146

5.5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 151

5.5.1. IEECAS Institute of Electrical Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences 151 5.5.2. IETCAS Institute of Engineering Thermo physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences 152 5.5.3. Institute of Metal Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences 153 5.5.4. Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of Chinese Academy of Sciences 154 5.5.5. Changcun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanical and Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 5.5.6. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences 156 5.5.7. Tsinghua University 157 5.5.8. Wuhan University of Technology 157 5.5.9. Sun Yat San University 158 5.5.10. Beijing University of Technology 158 5.5.11. Xian JiaoTong University 159 5.5.12. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 159 5.5.13. Dongguan University of Technology 160 5.5.14. North China Electric Power University 160

5.6. PROJECT DEVELOPERS 161

5.6.1. Big Five Companies 161 5.6.2. Other important Developers 170

5.7. MATERIALS 179

5.7.1. Shandong Jinjing Technology Co.Ltd 180 5.7.2. Lanzhou Blue Sky Float Glass Co.Ltd 181 5.7.3. Jiuquan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd 182 5.7.4. Zhejiang Wanxiang Group 183 5.7.5. Xinglian Baoan New Energy Mining Co.Ltd 184



5.7.6. Weifang Changsheng Nitrate Co. Ltd 185 5.7.7. Xiaxiang Yunli Chemical Co. Ltd 186

5.8. COMPONENTS 187

5.8.1. Mirrors 187 5.8.2. Receiver 191 5.8.3. Support Structure 203 5.8.4. Control System 206 5.8.5. Heat Storage 210 5.8.6. Steam Generator 212 5.8.7. Power Block and Pumps 214 5.8.8. System Integration 221

5.9. EPC AND OPERATION 224

5.9.1. China Datang 224 5.9.2. China Guodian 225 5.9.3. CGN Solar Energy 226 5.9.4. China Huaneng 227 5.9.5. China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd (CHEC) 229 5.9.6. North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd (NCPE) 230 5.9.7. Northwest Electric Power Design Institute of China Power Engineering Consulting Group 231

5.10. DISTRIBUTION 232

5.10.1. State Grid Company or Corporation 232 5.10.2. China South Grid Company 235

6. ANNUAL INSTALLED CAPACITY PLANNED FOR SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY FOR THE

DIFFERENT PROVINCES IN CHINA (MW) 236

7. GRID CONNECTION PROBLEMS 240

7.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CHINESE GRID 240

7.2. CONNECTION POLICIES 244

7.3. GRID EVOLUTION 246

7.3.1. Grid History 246 7.3.2. Current and Future situation of Ultra High Voltage 247 7.3.3. Rural Grid 254 7.3.4. Smart Grid 255 7.3.5. Investments 258

7.4. GRID CONNECTION PROBLEMS 259

7.4.1. Law Problems 259 7.4.2. Technology Problems 259 7.4.3. Cost Problems 261

7.5. POSSIBLE FUTURE IN ASIA 262



8. OUTLOOK FOR 2012 AND BEYOND 263

8.1. TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP IN CHINA BY IEECAS 263

8.2. TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP IN CHINA BY INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS 265

9. CONCLUSIONS 269

10. REFERENCES 276

ANNEXE 1. ACRONYMS 278

ANNEXE 2. LIST OF FIGURES 282

ANNEXE 3. LIST OF TABLES 285

ANNEXE 4. CSP EVENTS 290

ANNEXE 5. THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW 297



Acknowledgments

This comprehensive China report was written by Cayetano Hernández Lluna for ESTELA. ESTELA

would like to thank Cayetano Hernández Lluna for his preparation and work on this study and also

appreciate all the sources that have been used for the elaboration of this report referred to in

Chapter 10, especially the Institute of Electrical Engineering and Chinese Academy of Science (Dr.

Wang Zhifeng, Dr. Yao Zhihao and Ms. Du Fengli, who gave inputs and comments), the National

Solar Thermal Energy Alliance (NSTA), Himin, Lanzhou Dacheng , Huadian, Guodian, China Power

Investment, Hanas New Energy, China Guandong Nuclear, Huaneng, Datang, the State Grid, ERI,

CREIA, CNREC, MOST, NDRC, NEA, Abengoa, SCHOTT, GWEC, CWEA, ICEX, NREL, IEA, the World

Bank, ADB and the Technical Assistance Consultant's Report from ADB released in January 2012

and therefore one of the most updated reports in China at the end of this document.



1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The main purpose of this document is to carry out a study for ESTELA1 (European Solar Thermal Electricity

Association) of the solar thermal electricity sector in China in 2011 and its future outlook in order to cover:

Potential of the country

Initiatives in progress and

The stakeholders in the CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) field (Figure 1) in China from project

developers to engineering companies and manufacturers.

Figure 1. CSP Value Chain

This report shows updated information of the Chinese CSP market, the latest document released in July

2012. The report covers widely from the global energy situation, policy framework, Solar Thermal DNI

Potential, research and development, projects developments steps, to key Chinese players in the solar

thermal electricity market, as well as the situation of the different provinces in terms of solar thermal

potential and the Grid in China.

According to solar resources, Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) results in China show that five provinces

should be the best options for projects developments: Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet.

Although due to geographical conditions, slope or proximity to the consumption areas, the results point out

that Gansu and Qinghai should be chosen for the first approaches.

1 ESTELA is a non-profit association which main objectives are: promoting, supporting and representing the

solar thermal electricity sector and its Members. ESTELA is a service-oriented association assisting public

bodies and institutions, elaborating studies, disseminating best practices in solar thermal electricity

generation and creating opinion.

ESTELA builds its activity on three pillars:

1. Policy

2. Research

3. Innovation and dissemination.



Concerning energy policy matters in China, NEA (National Energy Administration) reports to NDRC (National

Development and Reform Commission), which is the organism that ultimately determine the policy. In the

12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) on Renewable Energy Development, NDRC has targeted an installed

capacity for solar thermal power plants of 1 GW by 2015 and 3 GW by 2020.

There are two elements to the compulsory grid connection system in the Renewable Energy Law: All energy

generated from renewable sources must be purchased and Utilities must provide grid-connection services

(including constructing grid connections) and related technical support. Nevertheless many renewable

operators complained about wasting of energy and most important organism in wind energy (CWEA and

CEC) pointed out that approximately 30 percent of the wind installed capacity in China is not connected to

the Grid.

The 12th FYP also expected to have 11 percent of total energy production provided by non-fossil fuel

energy (hydropower, wind power, solar, biogas and nuclear) by 2015 and 15 percent by 2020, from 8.3% in

2009 (mainly hydro). Besides, the plan explicitly aims at reduction of carbon dioxide emission and the NDRC

has targeted a specific reduction value of 17 percent by 2015.

Between 2010 and 2011 five CSP plants with total installed capacity of 343 MW received approval by

different national administrations. The first real bidding process for a CSP project started at the end of 2010

for a 50 MW parabolic trough solar plant in Erdos, Inner Mongolia. Datang, a state-owned enterprise

mainly in power generation, won the bidding process with the lowest bidding price of 0.94 RMB/kWh (110

€ /MWh) for an operation period of 25 years.

Currently, five concentrated solar power demonstration projects approved in China by the NDRC are

considered as under construction but in a very early stage and developed in the provinces of Qinghai,

Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. In terms of technology, three of them are parabolic trough and two of

them are unknown but with a high probability to be parabolic through.

Two of these five projects are currently considered financing by ADB (Asian Development Bank): the 50

MW project of Gansu in Jinta developed by China Huadian Engineering and 50 MW Delingha project in

Qinghai developed by China Guandong Nuclear both parabolic trough and probably the first projects which

are going to be deployed in the country.

Although the market is still developing, the Chinese CSP business is dominated by the so-called Big 5

Utilities: China Guodian, China Huaneng, China Power Investment, China Datang and China Huadian, and

some local equipment receivers suppliers like Himin, Tianruixing or Huiyin. First European CSP players, like

SIEMENS, Schott, Aries or Abengoa, have started to enter the Chinese CSP market.

In terms of Research and Development, the efforts are taken by IEECAS (Institute of Electrical Engineering

Chinese Academy of Science) which coordinates the China subsidies on CSP in their platform in Badaling



located in the north of Beijing and the Institute is developing the first China 1 MW power tower as well as

some other small pilot projects of other technologies.

1.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA

There are 33 different regions in China counting on provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions or

special administrative regions.

In Figure 2, it illustrated a first dimension of China where some provincial GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Statistics are identified in the map of Chinese provinces with an impressive 22 provinces reporting GDP

figures in excess of RMB 1 trillion (US$158 billion), according to the yearly economic reports of local

governments in China.

Figure 2. GDP Map of China. Source Chinese local Government

1$=6,325 RMB



In Table1, the figures of 31 provinces are identified, excluding Hong Kong and Macau in this analysis. Five

provinces in bold were selected and would be analysed subsequently; two of them are the last ones in the

list, but there are huge and interesting development opportunities for China in these two provinces.

Rank Region GDP (Trillion RMB) GDP (Billion

US$)

Growth

rate (%)

1 Guangdong 5.300 838 10.0

2 Jiangsu 4.800 759 9.2

3 Shandong 4.500 711 9.2

4 Zheijang 3.200 506 9.0

5 Henan 2.700 427 11.6

6 Hebei 2.400 379 11.0

7 Liaoning 2.200 348 12.0

8 Sichuan 2.150 340 14.7

9 Hunan 1.900 300 14.0

10 Shanghai 1.820 288 8.0

11 Hubei 1.800 285 8.0

12 Fujian 1.750 277 12.2

13 Beijing 1.600 253 8.0

14 Anhui 1.500 237 13.5

15 Inner Mongolia 1.400 221 15.0

16 Shaanxi 1.240 196 13.8

17 Guangxi 1.160 183 13.0

18 Heilongjiang 1.140 180 13.0

19 Tianjin 1.130 179 16.5

20 Jiangxi 1.100 174 13.0

21 Shanxi 1.100 174 13.0

22 Jilin 1.040 164 11.0

23 Chongqin 0.920 145 16.5

24 Yunnan 0.815 129 13.0

25 Xinjiang 0.660 104 11.8

26 Guizhou 0.560 89 15.0

27 Gansu 0.502 79 12.5

28 Hainan 0.225 36 10.0

29 Ningxia 0.206 33 12.0

30 Qinghai 0.162 26 13.5

31 Tibet 0.061 10 12.6

Table 1. GDP of Different provinces in China



In Figure 3, a population density map of China by provinces measured in people per square kilometre is

shown as it is an important data because the projects need big areas of terrain to be constructed. It is a

very clear image showing how the density is concentrated in the east and southeast of China.

Figure 3. Map of China provinces by density

Precisely all the yellow provinces (from 0 to 100 people/km2) where the population density is low, are

located in most of the suitable provinces in terms of solar resource.



In Table 2, some general data, which could be useful for developing CSP projects in China, such as the

population density (shown in Figure 3) and the area, have been gathered, because it is important since the

projects need big areas of terrain to be constructed. The type of administration and place of government

are important for releasing the permits and have a reference of where to go in each region.

Province/Municipality/ Autonomous

Region / Special Administrative Region Administration type

Seat of

Government

Population in 2010

(million people)

Total Area

(km2)

Population

Density

(hab/km2)

Anhui Province Hefei 59.50 139,400.00 426.83

Beijing Municipality Beijing 19.60 16,801.25 1,166.58

Chongqing Municipality Chongqing 28.85 82,401.00 350.12

Fujian Province Fuzhou 36.90 121,400.00 303.95

Gansu Province Lanzhou 25.58 454,000.00 56.34

Guangdong Province Guangzhou 104.30 179.900.00 579.77

Guangxi Autonomous Region Nanning 46.03 236,700.00 194.47

Guizhou Province Guiyang 34.75 176,100.00 197.33

Hainan Province Haikou 8.67 33,920.00 255.60

Hebei Province Shijiazhuang 71.85 187,700.00 382.79

Heilongjiang Province Harbin 38.31 460,000.00 83.28

Henan Province Zhengzhou 94.02 167,000.00 562.99

Hong Kong Special Admin. Reg. Hong Kong 7.06 1,104.00 6,394.93

Hubei Province Wuhan 57.24 185,900.00 307.91

Hunan Province Changsa 65.68 211,800.00 310.10

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot 24.70 1,183,000.00 20.88

Jiangsu Province Nanjing 78.66 102,600.00 766.67

Jiangxi Province Nanchang 44.57 166,900.00 267.05

Jilin Province Changchun 27.46 187,400.00 146.53

Liaoning Province Shenyang 43.75 145,900.00 299.86

Macau Special Admin. Reg. Macau 0.54 29.50 18,461.02

Ningxia Autonomous Region Yinchuan 6.30 66,000.00 95.45

Qinghai Province Xining 5.63 721,000.00 7.81

Shaanxi Province Xian 37.33 205,800.00 181.39

Shandong Province Qingdao 95.79 157,168.00 609.48

Shanghai Municipality Shanghai 23.02 6,340.50 3,630.63

Shanxi Province Taiyuan 35.71 156,800.00 227.74

Sichuan Province Chengdu 80.42 485,000.00 165.81

Tianjin Municipality Tianjin 12.94 11,760.00 1,100.34

Xinjiang Autonomous Region Ürumqi 21.81 1,660,001.00 13.14

Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region Lhasa 3.00 1,228,400.00 2.44

Yunnan Province Kunming 45.97 394,100.00 116.65

Zheijang Province Hangzhou 54.43 101,800.00 534.68

Total 1,340.37 9,634,125.25 1,158.20

Table 2. Socioeconomic data in China



Figure 4. Areas of China Provinces

An

hu

i 1

%

Beijing 0%

Ch

on

gqin

g 1

%

Fujia

n

1%

Gansu 5%

Hainan 0%

Heilongjiang 5%

Hong Kong 0% Hubei

2%

Hunan 2%

Inner Mongolia 12%

Macau 0%

Qinghai 7%

Shanghai 0%

Sichuan 5%

Tianjin 0%

Xinjiang 17%

Xizang (Tibet) 13%

Yunnan 4%

Zhei

jan

g 1

%

Total Area (km2)



At first look it is easy to identify some of the biggest provinces in terms of area (Figure 4):

1. Xinjiang

2. Tibet

3. Inner Mongolia

4. Qinghai

Besides, it is not only interesting because of the need of surface area for solar plants, but also because

these provinces have very low population density. In fact these are the four provinces with bigger area and

less population density in the People Republic of China.

Together with the above-mentioned 4 provinces, the province of Gansu, has been included in this analysis

(Table 3), due to favourable conditions in terms of ratio area and population density. These 5 provinces are

the ones with more solar resource in China would be deeply discussed later in this document.

Province/Municipality/ Autonomous Region

/ Special Administrative Region

Population in 2010

(million people)

Total Area

(km2)

Population

Density (hab/km2)

Gansu 25.58 454,000.00 56.34

Inner Mongolia 24.7 1,183,000.00 20.88

Qinghai 5.63 721,000.00 7.81

Xinjiang 21.81 1,660,001.00 13.14

Xizang (Tibet) 3 1,228,400.00 2.44

Total 5 provinces 80.72 5,246,401.00 20.12

Total China 1,340.37 9,634,125.25 1158.2

Total 5 provinces percentage 6.02% 54.46% 1.74%

Table 3. Density Population in China



Figure 5. Map of Administrative Division in China

The area occupied by these 5 regions (Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia) is more than half

of the total surface in China (Figure 6), with the lowest population density around the country (only 6% of

the total population of China) and with less developed regions; thus, before taking into account the

potential insulation and geopolitical issues, these are the most suitable provinces to construct solar plants.

Figure 6. Area Distribution in China

54.46%

45.54%

Total Area (km2)

Total 5provinces

Rest ofChina



2. OVERVIEW OF THE CHINESE RENEWABLE MARKET, THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW AND

THE CHINESE FEED-IN TARIFF

2.1. TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN AND OVERVIEW OF CHINA´S RENEWABLE MARKET

In October 2010 the Communist Party of China (CPC) 2approved the guiding principles of China’s 12th Five-

Year Plan (FYP) 3for National Economic and Social Development (2011-2015) and the National People’s

Congress 4(NPC) ratified the plan in March 2011.

2 The Communist Party of China (CPC), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding

and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Although nominally it exists alongside the

United Front, a coalition of governing political parties, in practice, the CPC is the only party in the PRC,

maintaining a unitary government and centralizing the state, military, and media. The legal power of the

Communist Party is guaranteed by the national constitution. The current party leader is Hu Jintao, who

holds the title of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (highest ranking official within the

Party and usually the Chinese paramount leader).

The party was founded in July 1921 in Shanghai. After a lengthy civil war, the CPC defeated its primary rival,

the Kuomintang (KMT), and assumed full control of mainland China by 1949.The Kuomintang retreated to

the island of Taiwan, where it still remains to this day.

The party's organizational structure was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) and rebuilt

afterwards by Deng Xiaoping, who subsequently initiated "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and

brought all state apparatuses back under the rule of the CPC. Theoretically, the party's highest body is the

National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which meets at least once every five years.

The CPC is the world's largest political party, claiming over 80 million members at the end of 2010 which

constitutes about 6.0% of the total population of mainland China. The vast majority of military and civil

officials are members of the Party. Since 1978, the Communist Party has attempted to institutionalize

transitions of power and consolidate its internal structure. The modern party stresses unity and avoids

public conflict while practicing a pragmatic and open democratic centralism within the party structure.

3 The Five-Year Plans of People's Republic of China (PRC) is a series of social and economic

development initiatives. The economy was shaped by the Communist Party of China (CPC) through the

plenary sessions of the Central Committee and national congresses. The party plays a leading role in

establishing the foundations and principles of Chinese communism, mapping strategies for economic

development, setting growth targets, and launching reforms.

Planning is a key characteristic of centralized, communist economies, and one plan established for the entire

country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. Plans along history:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China



The plan’s key themes are three:

1. Restructuring the economy.

2. Promoting social equality.

3. Protecting the environment.

This study is going to focus on the third point (Protecting the environment) because is the one that is

related to Energy. China faces an environmental degradation mainly because of a rapid and energy

intensive industrialization and a reliance on coal as an energy source so because of this the 12th FYP is

focus on reducing pollution, increasing energy efficiency and ensuring a stable, reliable and energy supply.

1 First Plan (1953–1957)

2 Second Plan (1958–1962)

3 Third Plan (1966–1970)

4 Fourth Plan (1971–1975)

5 Fifth Plan (1976–1980)

6 Sixth Plan (1981–1985)

7 Seventh Plan (1986–1990)

8 Eighth Plan (1991–1995)

9 Ninth Plan (1996–2000)

10 Tenth Plan (2001–2005)

11 Eleventh Guideline (2006–2010)

12 Twelfth Guideline (2011–2015)

4 The National People's Congress abbreviated NPC, is the highest state body and the only legislative house in

the People's Republic of China. The National People's Congress is held in the Great Hall of the People,

Beijing, capital of the People's Republic of China; with 2,987 members, it is the largest parliament in the

world. The NPC gathers each year along with the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) whose

members represent various defined groups of society. NPC and CPPCC together are often called the Lianghui

(Two Meetings), making important national level political decisions.

Although the membership of the NPC is still largely determined by the Communist Party of China, since the

early 1990s it has moved away from its previous role as a symbolic but powerless rubber-stamp legislature,

and has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party, the

government, and groups of society.



In terms of energy consumption the 12th FYP expected to have 11 percent of total energy consumption

provided by non-fossil fuel energy (hydropower, wind power, solar, biogas and nuclear) by 2015 and 15

percent by 2020, from 8.3 percent in 2009 (mainly hydro). (See Figure 7)

Figure 7. Percentage of Energy Consumption by non-fossil fuels 12th FYP

The Five Year Plan for 2005-2010 will develop renewable energies such as wind, solar, bio-gas and water

power to account for 11 percent (including nuclear) of the country's energy consumption by 2015 (up from

7.5 percent in 2005) and 15 percent by 2020.

China has some of the world’s most ambitious renewable targets: in 2010 the installed capacity of non-

fossil fuel energies was around 279 GW, more than 340 GW by 2011. China wants to reach more than 500

GW by 2015 and more than 760 Gw by 2020.

These measures have shown quick results, in 2009 China passed other leading economies in clean energy

investment, spending 34.6 billion dollars versus 18.6 billion dollars in the United States.



2.1.1. Current situation

The security of energy supply, including that of electricity, is a paramount issue in China (a country with a

big land area of 9.6 million km2, abundant natural resources and around 25 % of the world’s population).

Although nowadays the electricity supply is able to fulfil in big numbers the demand, the current rates of

consumption per person are lower than the developed countries, so it will be a tendency in the next years

of increase in the consumption and thus it will be a need of increase the production of electricity. The

electricity industry should decrease constantly the dependence on coal and develop clean energies.

2.1.1.1. Primary Energy Supply

China’s economy ran at a double-digit growth rate (as measured by the percentage increase in gross

domestic product) from 2003 to 2008 when the global financial crisis hit, and the country came out strongly

from the crisis.

Figure 8. Primary Energy Supply by International Energy Agency

In parallel to this impressive growth, total primary energy consumption increased from 776 million tonnes

of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in 2000 to 2 164 Mtoe in 2009, reflecting a compound annual growth rate in excess

of 8%.



ENERGY TOE SHARE OF TOTAL PRIMARY

ENERGY SUPPLY 2009

COAL 1525 67.2%

OIL 383 16.9%

GAS 78 3.4%

NUCLEAR 18 0.8%

HYDRO 53 2.3%

BIOMASS& WASTE 204 9.0%

OTHER RENEWABLES 10 0.4%

TOTAL 2271 100%

Table 4. International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011).

Figure 9. International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011).

67.15%

16.86%

3.43% 0.79%

2.33%

8.98%

0.44%

SHARE OF TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY 2009

COAL

OIL

GAS

NUCLEAR

HYDRO

BIOMASS& WASTE

OTHER RENEWABLES



2.1.1.2. Electricity Generation

From 2003 to 2008 electricity consumption rose to 3 643 terawatt hours (TWh) in 2009, up 6% compared to

2008 and increasing by a factor of 3.4 times since 2000. The IEA estimates that China’s electricity demand

will almost triple to 9,594 TWh by 2035 (Figure 10), with an average growth rate of 5.3%.

Figure 10. Electricity Consumption. Source CEC and IEA 2010

At present, coal is the dominant source of electricity supply, representing roughly 80% of the supply and

more than 70% of the capacity.

ENERGY TWh SHARE OF ELECTRICITY

GENERATION 2009

COAL 2941 78.74%

OIL 17 0.46%

GAS 62 1.66%

NUCLEAR 70 1.87%

HYDRO 616 16.49%


WIND 27 0.72%

TOTAL 3735 100.00%

Table 5. Electricity Generation in 2009 (TWH) International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011

(WEO 2011).



Figure 11. Electricity Generation in 2009 (TWH) International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook

2011 (WEO 2011).

The energy matrix of electricity generation in 2010 (Figure 12) has been similar with growth in the share of

hydropower in the detriment of coal:

Figure 12. China Power Generation by Sector

78.74%

0.46%

1.66% 1.87% 16.49%

0.05% 0.72%

SHARE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION 2009

COAL

OIL

GAS

NUCLEAR

HYDRO

BIOMASS& WASTE

WIND



2.1.1.3. Installed Capacity

Almost non-existent until a few years ago, installed renewable electricity capacity (excluding hydro) in

China has doubled every year since 2005. Much of this growth is due to the enactment of the Renewable

Energy Law in the same year, which gave a strong signal and long-term certainty to industry.

In 2009, the total electricity generation capacity in China amounted to 905 GW, of which coal power supply

accounts for 71.82%, hydro for 21.77% and (grid connected) wind for 1.8%.

ENERGY GW SHARE OF INSTALLED

CAPACITY2009

COAL 650 71.82%

OIL 15 1.66%

GAS 33 3.65%

NUCLEAR 9 0.99%

HYDRO 197 2.77%


WIND (GRID CONNECTED 16

GW) 26 2.87% (1.8%)

TOTAL 905 100.00%

Table 6. Installed Capacity International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011).

Figure 13. International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011).

71.8% 1.7%

3.6%

1.0%

21.8%

0.1% 2.9%

SHARE OF INSTALLED CAPACITY2009

COAL

OIL

GAS

NUCLEAR

HYDRO

BIOMASS& WASTE

WIND (GRIDCONNECTED 16 GW)



2.1.1.4. Carbon Emissions

Another issue that is very important in China is the carbon emissions and why CSP can play an important

role. First it is good to see some macro numbers provided by the Energy Policy of China (Table 7).

Year Primary

Energy (TWh) Production (TWh)

Import (TWh)

Electricity (TWh)

CO2-emission (Mt)

2004 18.717 17.873 1.051 2.055 4.732

2007 22.746 21.097 1.939 3.073 6.028

2008 24.614 23.182 2.148 3.252 6.508

2009 26.25 24.248 3.197 3.503 6.832

Change 2004-2009

40 % 36 % 204 % 70 % 44 %

Table 7. Carbon Emission Values in China. Source Energy Policy of China

Primary energy use in China was 26.250 TWh and 20 TWh per million persons in 2009. According to IEA the

primary energy use grew 40 % and electricity use 70 % from 2004 to 2009.

The energy import was three times bigger in 2009 compared to 2004. The share of energy import of the

primary energy use was 12 % in 2009. The CO2 emissions growth in five years (2004-2009) was 44 %.

China has one of the largest power systems in the world with a total installed capacity of about 1060 GW by

the end of 2011 and total power generation about 4600 Twh.



Figure 14. Countries by carbon dioxide emissions. Source Energy Policy of China

The country is currently the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases according to a Dutch research

agency. However, China's per capita emissions are still far behind some of the developed countries so if

measures of developing green energies, such as CSP, are not taken the tendency of the global CO2 release

number by China are going to increase in the next years.

Figure 15. CO2 emission per capita/ per year/ per country. Source Energy Policy of China



2.1.2. Forecast

2.1.2.1. Electricity Production

In terms of the non-fossil fuel energies, the Energy Research Institute forecast for renewable energies by

2020 the following distribution of renewable energy although some updates are changing these values:

Non-fossil fuel energy Electricity (Twh) Mill TCE Percentage

(%)

Hydro 1050 336 7.5

Wind Power 300 96 2.1

Nuclear 520 166.4 3.7

Biomass 180 57.6 1.3

Solar Energy 40 12.8 0.3

Total 2090 14.9

Table 8.Electicity Production in China in 2020. Source ERI

The electricity production mix including CSP from 2010 to 2040 according to Chinese Academy of

Engineering, where in dark blue is represented coal:

Figure 16. Electricity Production mix for China. Source Chinese Academy of Science



2.1.2.2. Installed Capacity

The forecast installed capacity will lead to a reduction in the percentage of thermal energy in the

detriment of a growth in the clean energies. This scenario shows a better situation:

ENERGY GW

SHARE OF

INSTALLED

CAPACITY2020

COAL and OIL 929 52.84%

GAS 66 3.75%

Hydro 380 21.62%

Wind Power

onshore 200 11.38%

Wind Power

offshore 30 1.71%

Nuclear 60 3.41%

Biomass 40 2.28%

Solar Energy PV 50 2.84%

Solar Energy CSP 3 0.17%

TOTAL 1758 0.91

Table 9. Installed Capacity in China 2020. Source ERI and NDRC

Figure 17. Installed Capacity 2020

52.84%

3.75%

21.62%

11.38%

1.71% 3.41%

2.28% 2.84% 0.17%

SHARE OF INSTALLED CAPACITY2020

COAL and OIL

GAS

Hydro

Wind Power onshore

Wind Power offshore

Nuclear

Biomass

Solar Energy PV



Making a zoom to have focus on the non-fossil fuels energies, 2011 was the first year of the 12th FYP (2011-

2015) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) released the 12th FYP for renewable energy. This

includes a target of 1 GW of solar CSP by 2015 and 3 GW by 2020. So to make a summary by type

renewable energy would result:

Non-fossil fuel

energy/ Energy

Production (GW)

2010 2011 2015 2020 2050

Hydro 213 260 300 380

Wind Power onshore 44.7 62.1 150 200 1000

Wind Power offshore 0 0.26 5 30

Nuclear 9 12.5 20-40 60 -80 400

Biomass 2 6 13 30-40

Solar Energy PV 0.53 3 15-20 50

Solar Energy CSP 0 0,01 1 3

Total 269.23 343.87 504 763 1400

Table 10. Non-Fossil Fuel Installed Capacity Estimation. Source NEA

A separate analysis for each of the Non-fossil fuels will be developed in the next pages:

1. Hydropower

2. Wind Power

a. Offshore b. Onshore

3. Nuclear

4. Biomass

5. Solar Energy

a. PV b. CSP



Analysing each of the non-fossil fuels energies forecast in China separately:

a) Hydropower installed capacity

Year Hydropower (GW)

2010 213

2011 260

2015 300

2020 380

Table 11. Hydropower Install Capacity in China

Figure 18. Hydropower China Forecast

The prevision in 2015 gives approximate values of around 300GW operating over 70% of the energy coming

from Water Resources of the three main important rivers of China:

a. Yellow River b. Yangtze c. Pearl River

213

260

300

380

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2010 2011 2015 2020

Hydropower (GW)

Hydropower (GW)



b) Wind installed capacity

Year

Wind Power

onshore (GW)

Wind Power

offshore (GW)

2010 44.7 0

2011 62.1 0.26

2015 100-150 5

2020 200 30


Figure 19. Wind Power onshore China Forecast

Figure 20. Wind Power offshore China Forecast

44.7 62.1

150

200

0

50

100

150

200

250

2010 2011 2015 2020

Wind Power onshore (GW)

Wind Power onshore (GW)

0 0.26

5

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2010 2011 2015 2020

Wind Power offshore (GW)

Wind Power offshore (GW)



c) Nuclear installed capacity

Year Nuclear (GW)

2010 9

2011 12.5

2015 20-40

2020 60-80

Table 13. Nuclear Install Capacity in China

Figure 21. Nuclear China Forecast

The Fukushima accident has made slow down the increase in the construction of new Nuclear plants and

also a more strict approval process. By 2015 from 20 to 40 MW are expected to be constructed specially in

the areas of larger consumption in the East coastal part of China (from Shandong to the south until Guanxi

and Hainan and also Liaoning).

9 12.5

20

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2010 2011 2015 2020

Nuclear (GW)

Nuclear (GW)



d) Biomass installed capacity

Biomass Biomass (GW)

2010 2

2011 6

2015 13

2020 30 -40

Table 14. Biomass Install Capacity in China

Figure 22. Biomass China Forecast

The country aims to achieve an annual capacity at least of 3.5 million tonnes of non-grain ethanol by 2015,

according to the 12th Five-Year Plan for Biomass Energy released in December 2011. However, the figure

for 2011 was less than 500,000 tonnes, leaving room for growth.

2

6

13

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2010 2011 2015 2020

Biomass (GW)

Biomass (GW)



e) Solar installed capacity

Year Solar Energy PV

(GW)

Solar Energy CSP

(GW)

2010 0.53 0

2011 3 0.01

2015 15-20 1

2020 50 3

Table 15. Solar Energy Install Capacity

Figure 23. PV China Forecast

Figure 24. CSP China Forecast

0.53 3

15

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2010 2011 2015 2020

Solar Energy PV (GW)

Solar Energy PV (GW)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

2010 2011 2015 2020

Solar Energy CSP (GW)

Solar Energy CSP (GW)



2.1.2.3. Carbon Emissions

In the 12th FYP explicitly aims is the reduction of carbon dioxide emission and the NDRC target a specific

reduction value of 17 percent by 2015 that vary geographically, as shown in the map (Figure 25):

Figure 25. Reduction of carbon dioxide emission distribution in China. Source Deutsche Bank analysis

Carbon trading schemes and low carbon efforts are receiving continuing policy support through pilot

programs designated areas such as Baoding, Chongqing, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Nanchang, Shenzhen, Tianjin,

Xiamen, Guangdong, Hubei, Liaoning, Shaanxi and Yunnan. These have required the provinces and cities

specified to establish green economy plans that address issues of energy use, green building, and industrial

efficiency, among others.



2.2. THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW AND THE CHINESE FEED-IN TARIFF

2.2.1. The Renewable Energy Law

After the dissolution of the Energy and Industry Department in 1993, China has been running without a

government agency effectively managing the country's energy for 16 years. Related issues are supervised

by multiple organizations such as National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Ministry of

Commerce and State electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC).

NDRC is one of the most important organizations in China and is a macroeconomic management agency

under the Chinese State Council, which has broad administrative and planning control over the Chinese

economy. Within the wide range of functions of NDRC is also in charge of Energy planning and pricing.

Figure 26. Hierarchy of laws in China



Continuing the ramification below the State Council it will be a good analysis to see the distribution of the

different agents (Figure 27):

Figure 27. Hierarchy of laws in China detailed version. Source CREIA

As it can be inferred from the chart the energy matters are below the National Development and Reform

Commission (NDRC) and the policy level will depend on the category of each law from central government

to local administrations.

In 2008, National Energy Administration (NEA) was founded under NDRC, however, in January 2010, the

State Council decided to set up a National Energy Commission (NEC), headed by current Chinese Premier

Wen Jiabao.

The commission will be responsible for drafting national energy development plan, reviewing energy

security and major energy issues and coordinating domestic energy development and international

cooperation.

The National Energy Bureau (NEA) is under the supervision of NDRC and responsible of developing plans,

policy framework and administering all the energies in China, including coal, oil, gas, nuclear, new energies

and renewable energies.



In terms of solar energy, which is the kind of energy the study is taking into account, the departments and

the person in charge are as follows (Figure 28):

Figure 28. Hierarchy of programs in China in CSP. Source IEECAS

China’s policies on renewable energy development fall into three categories. China’s central government

establishes the first two levels of policy. Local governments, including provincial, municipal, and county

governments, establish the third level of policy with overall direction from the central government.

First-level policies: provide general direction and guidance, and include speeches of state leaders about

development of renewable energy and the Chinese government’s standpoint on the global environment.

Second-level policies: specify goals/objectives and development plans, and focus on rural electrification,

renewable energy based generation technologies and fuel wood.

These policies attempt to standardize the directions, focal points, and objectives of renewable energy

development from different viewpoints. Some departments propose concrete policies and regulations.

Second level policies have played a very important role in promoting renewable technologies in China.



Third-level policies: consist of practical and specific incentives and managerial guidelines. These outline

specific supporting measures for developing and using renewable energy. These third-level government

policies provide crucial support to help develop renewable energy in its early growth stages.

Since the mid-1990s, many provinces and autonomous regions of China have adopted policies for

developing renewable energy, including subsidies and tax reduction. The central government also issued

several effective regulations.

Figure 29. System of Spatial Policy in China

Some of the China Policy Documents are enclosed in the table below (Table 16) classified by year of release

and policy level. In Table 16, a summary of the most important policies in terms of energy has been written

from 1983 to 2012.



Year First Level Second Level Third Level

1983 Suggestions to Reinforce the Development of Rural

Energy

1992 China Agenda 21

1992 Ten Strategies on China’s Environment and

Development

1994 Brightness Program and Ride the Wind

Program, formulated by SPC

1995 State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC)

Blue Paper No. 4: China Energy Technology Policy

New and Renewable Energy Development

Projects in Priority (1996-2010) China, by SSTC,

State Power Corporation, and SETC

1995

Outline on New and Renewable Energy

Development in China, State Planning Commission

(SPC), SSTC, State Economic and Trade Commission

(SETC)

1995 Electric Power Law

1996

Guidelines for the Ninth Five-Year Plan and 2010:

Long-Term Objectives on Economic and Social

Development of China

Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) and 2010

Plan of Energy Conservation and New Energy

Development by the State Power Corporation

1996 State Energy Technology Policy Ninth Five-Year Plan of Industrialization of New

and Renewable Energy by SETC

1997 Energy Saving Law

Circular of the Communication and Energy Department

of SPC on Issuing the Provisional Regulations on the

Management of New Energy Capital Construction

Project

1998

Incentive Policies for Renewable Energy

Technology Localization by State Development

and Planning Commission (SDPC) and Ministry

of Science & Technology (MOST)

1999 Circular of MOST and SDPC on Further Supporting the

Development of Renewable Energy

2001

Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005) for New and

Renewable Energy Commercialization

Development by SETC

Adjustment of Value-Added Tax for Some Resource

Comprehensive Utilization Products by Ministry of

Finance (MOF) and State Tax Administration

2001

Electricity Facility Construction in Non-Electrification

Townships in Western Provinces of China or Township

Electrification Program by SDPC and MOF

2003 Renewable Energy Promotion Law Rural Energy Development Plan to 2020 for

Western Areas

2004 Draft of the Chinese Energy Development and

Utilization Law

2005 The Renewable Energy Law of The People’s

Republic of China

2006 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010)

Notice of National Development and Reform

Commission on the Publication of Provisional

Administrative Measures on Pricing and Cost Sharing

for Renewable Energy Power Generation

2009 Correction of Renewable Energy Law

2010 Renewable Energies Generation 12th Five Year

Plan (2010-2014)

Table 16. NREL and own elaboration



After the draft of Chinese Renewable Energy Development and Utilization Law on the 15th July of 2004

finally the first Renewable Energy Law took place on the 28th February of 2005 although it would become

effective on the 1st January 2006 and improved the development of renewable energy in China. This law

was corrected in 2009.

The law is divided in 8 chapters and 33 articles with the next table of context:

Chapter 1 General

Chapter 2 Resource Survey and Development Plan

Chapter 3 Industry Guidance and Technology Support

Chapter 4 Promotion and Application

Chapter 5 Price Management and Fee Sharing

Chapter 6 Economic Incentives and Supervisory Measures

Chapter 7 Legal Responsibilities

Chapter 8 Miscellaneous

There are a number of objectives of the China’s Renewable Energy Law:

1. Highlight the importance RE sector.

A challenge has been the difficulty in attracting enough stakeholder interest in the renewable energy

sector. The Chinese Government has shown the importance and active role in developing legislation aims

generate this attraction by emphasising the Government’s interest in this area.

The Government has been active in developing legislation in power sector reform, investment and finance

sector reform and environmental legislation. It will also be needed to implement these reforms in the same

line of the legislation.

It is very important to establish a Policy framework clear and firm that promote both national and foreign

investment and counting with the collaboration of international Association and agencies.

Policies providing economic incentives such as FIT or other methods for renewable energy and the

development of a strong commercial industry are also important aspects of the reform process.

In terms of CSP it is mandatory to have some incentives at least at the beginning as it has been in some

other energies such as PV or wind.



2. Remove market barriers to develop RE industry.

The development of a renewable energy market is the basis for strong commercialization and quick

development of a renewable energy industry. A market should complement the economic and political

interests of the different agents involved.

In the current situation there is a difficulty of the transmission of electricity generation from the Western

Areas where the solar resource is located to the Eastern Areas where China has the biggest factories and

population and therefore the consumption. The distance is large- from 2000 km to 4000 km - depend on

the location, which leads to big energy losses. Besides, new investments are needed for the construction of

High Voltage Grid lines (HDVC) and the knowledge of how to manage them as well.

Another example is promoting a feed-in tariff or tendering mechanism, which could reduce the barriers to

grid connection and would need to balance the relationship between renewable energy power generation

companies and other utilities that want to make this business profitable.

For balancing different systems could be deployed like cost-sharing mechanism or developing tariffs

reviewing plant costs, which can compensate the utilities loss and encourage a positive attitude for the

perception of renewable energy industry. Therefore, balancing the relationships between stakeholders is

one basic objective of the legislation.

3. Funds and financial system to promote RE development

The cost of renewable energy at the beginning of a market is usually higher than conventional energy

generation. Some method system is usually necessary to remove economic barriers to introduce RE market.

In China some specific funding arrangements for particular renewable energy applications could be

deployed, including renewable energy development in rural areas, electricity extension for remote areas,

research and development programs and the establishing of technical standards for the industry.

The Ministry of Finance, together with other relevant Government authorities, is currently formulating

regulations to guide the management of the cost-sharing and some special funds for the development of RE

energies. Other mechanisms include a feed-in tariff for wind power and guaranteed bank loans at rates as

low as 2%.

4. Roadmap Design

The legislation aims to provide a clear development roadmap to ensure the development of RE market and

defined renewable energy targets. It is needed to have a clear strategy for established a RE market and

make players participate.



5. Manufacturing developing programs

The Chinese Government wants to develop RE energy market in parallel with a Chinese manufacturing

industry. National manufacturing development programs: Ministry of Science and Technology is developing

High-Tech Industry Development Program and Key Equipment Manufacturing Development Programs.

The aim is to attract the participation of the different companies involved in the industry, and would

improve the research and development capability of the renewable energy manufacturing industry.

The establishment of a renewable energy manufacturing industry in collaboration with foreign countries

should help to increase the competitiveness of the renewable energy domestic sector as well as

international.

6. RE educational market

Through legislation, Chinese government agencies are required to use renewable energy and large

companies are encouraged to use renewable energy.

The regulations implementing the Renewable Energy Law make provision for demonstration projects to

guide local development of renewable energy.

7. Special Taxes Programs

Apart from this law, in terms of taxes, there is a Business Tax (BT) for offering services in China. Some of the

measurements of the companies working in renewable sector:

Projects for protection of environmental resources have fiscal exemptions for the first three years

and a 50 percent reduction of the Corporate Income Tax (CIT).

For solar or wind plants the exemption is total of CIT and a refund of 50 percent of tax of the

energy sold have been developed in the wind projects. In local policy, renewable energy projects in

Xinjiang and Tibet can apply for tax relief. Depending on the local regulations, Guangdong

government claims that they will return the tax entirely during repaying the loan for renewable

energy project.

For companies considered as HNTE (High New Technology Enterprise) companies will have a

reduced tax of 15 per cent from period 2009 to 2013.

Companies working in CDM (Clean development mechanism) projects could be eligible to have a

special tax.



2.2.2. Stages of Project Approval in China

A simplify model of how to approve a project in China will follow the next diagram (Figure 30). The agents

in local and provincial levels are the DRC agencies, which are Development and Reform Bureaus (is

the subordinate body of the NDRC at local or provincial level) that finally enacts the Government at

national level:

Figure 30. Flow diagram of Approval Stages in China. Own Elaboration

The starting point should be from local in different cities of China, and then counties and finally prefecture

level to finish local approval, after that it will need a provincial approval until get the definitive approval

from the Central Government. Another option is to start at country level where they will suggest to a

county the initiation of a project.

Figure 31. Local Government System

In China there are different categories of projects for foreign investors (encouraged, permitted, restricted

or prohibited) and are subject to different government approval requirements.



Investing in a project categorized as “encouraged” for foreign investment has some implications, such as

provincial have greater authority over the project and certain tax benefits may be available.

Categorization of a project as “restricted” for foreign investment does not mean the project is out of reach

to foreign investment. It means that the project may be subject to higher restrictions

The table (Table 17) below summarises these requirements:

Foreign Investment Categories

Total Investment (million

US$)

Verification and approval

authority

1 Encourage or permitted >=500

State Council (National Level) Restricted >=100

2 Encourage or permitted >=300

NDRC and MOFCOM Restricted >=50

3 Encourage or permitted <=300 Local Administrations of NDRC

(DRC) and MOFCOM Restricted <50

Table 17. Foreign Investment Categories

Approval of provincial or equivalent authorities is generally enough for projects in the

“encouraged” and “permitted” categories if total investment is less than US$300 million.

For “restricted” category projects, provincial approval is enough only if the total investment is less

than US$50 million. Projects in the “permitted” or restricted” category over these amounts must

be approved by MOFCOM and NDRC.

Provincial authorities may often delegate their approval authority to municipal or other lower level

government authorities. However, provincial authority to approve a “restricted” category project

may not be delegated.

State Council approval is required for projects in the “restricted” category if total investment

exceeds 100 million US$, but is generally required for projects in the “encouraged” category or

“permitted” category only if total investment exceeds US$500 million.

The effect of these categorizations is to make clear the approval requirements and encourage those

projects that are seen as high priority projects for Chinese development. Renewable energy projects can

benefit from these categories. The category of ‘encouraged’ projects includes the following project types:

1. Construction and operation of power stations using technology for clean burning of coal;



2. Construction and operation of thermo-electric cogeneration power stations;

3. Construction and operation of hydroelectric power stations; and

4. Construction and operation of power stations using new sources of energy (including solar energy,

wind energy, magnetic energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy etc.).

Other issues are the availability of the necessary renewable resources, a site for the project with

appropriate land occupation, obtaining necessary project approvals, etc. There are two types of land

ownership:

State ownership. Historically, there has been no “private” land ownership in China. State land

ownership means the land is owned by the Chinese Government,

Collective ownership, collective land ownership means the relevant land is under the control of a

local “rural collective of peasants”.

Basically, land in urban areas is under state ownership, whereas land in rural and sub-urban areas is under

collective ownership. The Chinese Government may acquire and convert collective land in rural and sub-

urban areas into state land according to “land requisition procedure”.

In China, it is more exact to talk about the sale of land use rights than the land ownership. China’s land laws

and regulations, permit the Chinese government (acting through its local land bureaus) and other

landowners to transact “use rights” in their land.

Generally, there are four different types of land use rights in China:

1. Granted land use rights: Granted land use rights are freely transferable – they have a limited

duration and require payment of a fee which is normally paid in one sum prior to any transfer of

the land use rights.

2. Leased land use rights 3. Allocated land use rights: Allocated land use rights are not transferable, and may be taken back by

the Chinese government without compensation

4. Collective land use rights. Once the type of land use right is known, investors can determine how best to structure the legal

arrangements for the planned project.

For construction, the land administration department reviews a feasibility study and issues a pre-

certification report. If acceptable, rights to use the land are issued and a land use rights contract is entered

into, usually by and between the enterprise controlling the project and the relevant land administration

bureau.



On 16 March 2007, the National People's Congress approved the new Property Rights Law, which gives

legal protections for privately owned land. The new law creates a registration system for real property

ownership and transfer, provides a mechanism for creating securities over property. It represents China's

first national framework for the protection of property.

In Article 12 of the Provisional Regulations on Grant and Assignment of Urban State-owned Land Use Right

states the different duration of rights provided for different purposes. For an industrial purpose, which will

be the case for Renewable projects, you buy the land for a concession of 50 years.

Purpose Years of Grant

Land for residential purposes 70 years

Land for industrial purposes 50 years

Land for purposes of educational, scientific

and technological, cultural, health care or

sports 50 years

Land for commercial, tourism or

recreational purposes 40 years

Land for combined usage or other purposes 50 years

Table 18. Years of Grant depend on Land Use

Apart from the land permits, the relevant authority will request an economic Feasibility study and then a

Design of the project. Regarding Environmental approvals key environmental laws in China are issued at the

national level, with implementation at local level. The environmental protections laws can be applied

differently depend on the provinces or municipalities and also local regulations are allowed to be stricter

than national regulations.

Depending on the type and size of the project, environmental assessments are approved by either the State

Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) or Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) at the

provincial or municipal levels.

Since environmental laws are enforced by EPBs at the provincial/municipal level, however, SEPA may

suspend approvals for new projects if local governments do not comply with the applicable requirements

under environmental laws and regulations, so risks remain even if a project has broad local support.

Once the project has the Final Environmental Acceptance, and finally receives the permits for the operation

of the plant.



This next diagram (Figure 32) shows the different approval needs to approve an environmental project in China:

Figure 32. Environmental Approval Stages in China. Source CREIA

After the achievement of the operation permits it is important to secure a buyer for the energy output and

on terms that take account of regulatory, market or resource risks, as well as meeting any favourable tax

treatment, tariffs or other concessions.

Buyers will generally be seeking a renewable energy supply that will have regulatory obligations or

consumer demand. Therefore, they will want terms that limit or compensate for compliance risks and

ensure the buyer will not have financial commitments for energy supply that fall short of expectations.

Project proponents (and their financiers) will ordinarily seek to see a secure and constant revenue stream

(with tolerable variation for resource, market or regulatory risks).

In the case of CSP plants and other renewable energies, there are two ways to get profit selling the

electricity of the solar plant to the grid:

1. Feed-in tariff (as it is the Chinese case) and

2. Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).



2.2.3. Chinese feed-in tariff

The feed-in tariff (FIT) is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy

technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically

based on the cost of generation of each technology

Figure 33. Government Action Plan Source by ADB

China has set a fixed feed-in tariff for new onshore wind power plants and solar PV power plants in a move

that will help struggling project operators to obtain profits. The National Development and Reform

Commission (NDRC) is the country's economic planning agency

The FIT by types of renewable energy, which represent a significant premium over the average rate of 0.34

in RMB/kwh paid to coal-fired electricity generators, is shown below. It could be interesting to see how the

FIT has evolved in more mature markets in China such as PV and wind because it could follow the same

tendency in CSP:

1. Solar Power

a. Photovoltaic



PV in 2011 according to China’s NDRC unified feed-in-tariff (FIT) for solar projects. The new NDRC FIT

Circular provides for the following schemes to encourage the development of solar photovoltaic power

generation projects in China:

i. FIT of 1.15 RMB (approximately US$0.177) per kwh for projects that:

1. Are approved for construction by the NDRC prior to 1 July 2011

2. Complete construction and commence production of electricity prior to 31 December 2011,

and

3. Have not yet been verified by the NDRC in respect of its on-grid power tariff.

ii. FIT of 1 RMB (approximately US$0.154) per kwh for projects that:

1. Are approved for construction by the NDRC after 1 July 2011, or

2. Are approved for construction by the NDRC prior to 1 July 2011 but have not yet

commenced production of electricity by 31 December 2011. (Exceptions being projects of this

category but located in Tibet, where an FIT of 1.15 RMB (approximately US$0.177) per kwh will

apply.)

The NDRC shall have the right to make adjustments to the FIT going forward, based on factors such as

investment cost changes, technology development, etc.

Before the launch of the FIT, the NDRC had been implementing a “concession rights auction” regime in

granting development rights for large solar projects in China. The auction winners were usually those

offering the lowest grid power prices, almost invariably large State-owned enterprise power providers.

Furthermore, there has been a tendency in the past couple of years among project developers to recklessly

lower their bidding prices in order to win projects for the mere sake of market expansion regardless of

realistic returns achievable.

It is expected that the FIT incentive program will effectively help improve the competition situation in the

industry, as it provides for reasonable room for profit to developers with relatively advanced technologies.

It would be expected to see an increase in solar power investment in China in the coming year as NDRC’s

implementation of the FIT becomes clearer.

In respect of the previous central government subsidy programs for solar power, namely the “Golden Sun”

projects and the BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) projects, while such subsidies will continue to be

offered, the new NDRC FIT Circular provides that projects enjoying central government subsidies shall have

the same grid power tariff as coal-fired power projects.



The new tariff will apply only to solar projects that are not awarded through a competitive bidding process,

as those projects are typically awarded to the developer who can accept the lowest feed-in price. The

projects approved in China have had a FIT from 1.6798 RMB/kWh to 0.69 RMB/kWh to finish with the

current 1 RMB/kWh.

Besides FIT at National Level, some of the provinces have decided to promote solar energy specifically using

local funds from provincial budgets (Table 19):

Province Tariff (RMB/Kwh)

Qinghai 1.15

Jiangsu 1.4

Zhejiang 1.42

Shandong 1.12

Table 19. Special PV Provincial Tariffs Source NDRC

b. Concentrated Solar Power

CSP FIT is still in process in China but the first project has been a bidding process with three companies

submitting a FIT of 2.25, 0.98 and 0.94 RMB/kWh resulting winner of the concession China Datang with the

lowest price at 0.94 RMB/kWh, a construction period of 30 months, concession operation period of 25

years with a fix tariff price, a heat storage must have been designed, an air condensed system to be

required, price not higher than PV’s and a proportion of natural gas no more than 10%.

Although it has been called FIT, it is more a Tendering pricing or a mix of both where Government after the

bidding process choose the lowest price bid in a project by project basis that will be analysed for that

particular project and decide as a reasonable price.

Since this FIT looks too low to develop a project at this moment, the Chinese Government is thinking in a

new variable FIT according to the cost of the projects, which probably could lead to values from around 1.2

RMB/kWh to 1.8 RMB/kWh.



b. Wind Power,

In 2009, China finally introduced a feed-in tariff for wind power generation, which applies for 20 years of a

wind farm’s operation.

Four categories have been established by the NDRC of onshore wind projects, which according to region

will be able to apply for the tariffs. Areas with better wind resources will have lower feed-in tariffs, while

those with lower outputs will be able to access more generous tariffs.

I. 0.51 RMB/kwh

II. 0.54 RMB/kwh

III. 0.58 RMB/kwh

IV. 0.61 RMB/kwh

Figure 34. Map of FIT. Source NDRC

The coloured regions in the map (Figure 34) show each of the different tariffs. Green: Tariff I, Blue: Tariff II,

Pink: Tariff III and Orange: Tariff IV.



To have a look at the results of the FIT the better is to see how the wind power has evolved around these

years because is the most mature in terms of FIT. Therefore the graph of the installed capacity in China is as

follows with an installed capacity in 2011 of more than 60 GW (Figure 35) becoming the first country in the

world:

Figure 35. Source GWEC

Total installed Capacity in wind energy in China by province in 2010 (Figure 36), where it is clear that for the

moment Inner Mongolia concentrate the installation of wind turbines:

Figure 36. Map of Distribution of Energy Capacity 2010. Source CWEA



3. SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL IN CHINA

3.1. CHINA SOLAR RADIATION RESOURCES

First of all it is important to take into account some macro numbers in terms of potential renewable

primary energy resource in China (Table 20) to see the real potential of what the solar power could be:

Energy Useful Resource in China (TCE)

Solar Energy 17,000

Wind >8

Hydro 4.8-6.4

Biomass 4.6

Geothermal 33

Table 20. Useful Resources in China. Source IEECAS5

To have a dimension of what this numbers mean and the hugeness of the sun power it is interesting to put

them in a graph where it is necessary to have a zoom (Figure 37 and 38) at the rest of renewable energies

to see how they show up.

5 IEE-CAS (Institute of Electrical Engineering and Chinese academy of Science) is an R&D Institute in PRC and

a key laboratory of solar thermal energy and photovoltaic Systems since 1979. The majors covered are

electricity and electronics technology, power system, automatic control, mechanical design, structure

technique, solar cells, material engineering physics etc. Their Research fields are:

1) Solar thermal power technology and system integration

2) Photovoltaic power generation system



Figure 37. Useful Resource in China

Figure 38. Useful Resource in China



As it can be inferred from these numbers China has a rich resource of solar radiation, the solar radiation of

China land is 1.7 trillion ton of standard coal and the potential power generation is about 42,000 TWh/year,

much more than current needs of 5,000 TWh/year for power generation.

Figure 39. Map of Solar Resource in China. Source NREL6

6 The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a government-owned, contractor-operated facility

and it is funded through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). It is the only national laboratory solely

dedicated to advancing renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies from concept to commercial

application. NREL's areas of expertise include:

Renewable Fuels Biomass, hydrogen and fuel cells, and vehicle technologies

Renewable Electricity Solar, wind, water, geothermal, smart-grid technology, and building

technology and efficiency

Energy Science Chemical and biosciences, scientific computing, and materials science

Strategic Energy Analysis Technology, markets, public policy, security, and government programs

Commercialization and Technology Transfer Sponsored research and development agreements and

licenses with private industry to develop commercial products

Deployment Information and tools to help communities, industry, and government select the most

impactful technologies to reduce their fossil energy use.



It will be a good reference (Figure 40) the percentage of projects released in PV by areas of China, the top

10 provinces by installed MW (Qinghai, Ningxia, Jiangsu, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei,

Tibet and Shaanxi) account for almost 90% of domestic installations. Located in Qinghai province, Golmud

has been labelled the ‘PV Capital of China’ due to a range of large projects that were grid-connected before

the end of 2011.

Figure 40. PV Projects Distribution Source Solarbuzz7

At first sight it seems that the potential solar direct normal irradiation in China is concentrated in the west

and northwest of China considering north the regions over the parallel of Tibet.

7 Solarbuzz is the photovoltaic industry’s premier source for exclusive research, analysis, and consulting.

Northwest 66%

North 12%

East 10%

Southwest 8%

Central & South 3%

Northeast 1%



If the picture is zoomed a little bit more (also with the help of GIS studies sponsored by China Sustainable

Program (CSEP) and analysed by Centre for Clean Energy Technology and Chinese Academy of Science) the

next analysis will show the China CSP resource distribution by province and classified in three groups from 5

kwh/m2day.

The provinces are listed (Table 21) in order from big to small in terms of insulation and the potential energy

generation (Twh/yr):

DNI 8(kwh/m2day)

Province/Municipality/

Autonomous Region / Special

Administrative Region

>7 Xizang (Tibet), Xinjiang and Qinghai

6-7 Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang (Tibet),

Inner Mongolia and Gansu.

5-6

Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai,

Xizang (Tibet), Gansu, Sichuan,

Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang

and Jilin

Table 21. Own Elaboration. Source IEECAS

8 Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is the amount of solar radiation received per unit area by a surface that is

always held perpendicular (or normal) to the rays that come in a straight line from the direction of the sun

at its current position in the sky.

Typically, you can maximize the amount of irradiance annually received by a surface by keeping it normal to

incoming radiation. This quantity is of particular interest to concentrating solar thermal installations and

installations that track the position of the sun.



In the Solar DNI analysis (Figure 41) some assumptions has been taken in order to measure the solar energy

potential in the People Republic of China.

Below 5 kWh/m2-day: Excluded, or 0 kWh/m2-day

5-6 kWh/m2-day: 5.5 kWh/m2-day

6-7 kWh/m2-day: 6.5 kWh/m2-day

Above 7 kWh/m2-day: 7 kWh/m2-day

Figure 41. Solar DNI Classes in China. Source Black and Veatch



Also a map of Global Horizontal Insulation or Irradiation (Figure 42) to have an overview of the GHI by class

in China:

Figure 42. Solar Global Horizontal Insulation by Class. Source Black and Veatch



In terms of Land Slope (Figure 43) two assumptions have been taken:

Land with a 3% slope and less is included 100%

Land with a slope greater than 3% is excluded

Figure 43. Land Slope by Class. Source Black and Veatch



In terms of Land Use & Protected Areas (Figure 44) some assumptions have been taken:

Bodies of water: Excluded

Urban areas: Excluded

Protected areas: Excluded

Mining areas: Excluded

Desert/barren land: 100% available

Pasture/grassland, cultivated land, Gardens: 50% available

Forest/shrub land: 10% available

Figure 44. Map of Land Use and Protected Areas. Source Black and Veatch



After these Solar Potential Assumptions and in order to have more detailed solar resource distribution by

province in China, it will be essential to analyse the solar resource measurement by a classification of

kwh/m2 day: first with an average DNI of 5.5 kwh/m2day,and then 6.5 kwh/m2day and finally with more

than 7 kwh/m2day.



Administrative Region GW W/m2 Kwh/m2yr Area (Km2) TWh/yr

Gansu 440.00 803.00 2,007.50 0.55 1,100.00

Hebei 26.00 815.55 2,007.50 0.03 64.00

Heilongjiang 7.00 826.62 2,007.50 0.01 17.00

Inner Mongolia 6,000.00 803.00 2,007.50 7.47 15,000.00

Jilin 4.00 803.00 2,007.50 0.00 10.00

Qinghai 2,000.00 819.39 2,007.50 2.44 4,900.00

Shaanxi 9.00 860.36 2,007.50 0.01 21.00

Shanxi 18.00 821.25 2,007.50 0.02 44.00

Sichuan 56.00 803.00 2,007.50 0.07 140.00

Xinjiang 4,300.00 784.75 2,007.50 5.48 11,000.00

Xizang (Tibet) 320.00 834.29 2,007.50 0.38 770.00

Total 13,180.00 2,007.50 16.47 33,066.00

Table 22. DNI 5.5 kwh/m2day

In the next table (Table 23) it will be represented the most important parameters for a DNI of 6.5

kwh/m2day in every province, which means an average total amount of DNI per year of around 2300

kwh/m2year.




Gansu 15.00 847.32 2,372.50 0.02 42.00

Inner Mongolia 59.00 823.40 2,372.50 0.07 170.00

Qinghai 720.00 813.43 2,372.50 0.89 2,100.00

Xinjiang 400.00 862.73 2,372.50 0.46 1,100.00

Xizang (Tibet) 300.00 827.62 2,372.50 0.36 860.00

Total 1,494.00 2,372.50 1.80 4,272.00




In the next table (Table 24) it will be represented the most important parameters for a DNI of 7 kwh/m2day

in every province which means an average total amount of DNI per year of around 2300 kwh/m2year.




Qinghai 31.00 792.05 2,555.00 0.04 100.00

Xinjiang 340.00 723.92 2,555.00 0.47 1,200.00

Xizang (Tibet) 1,100.00 720.64 2,555.00 1.53 3,900.00

Total 1,471.00 2,555.00 2.04 5,200.00

Table 24. DNI 7 kwh/m2day

Looking at the general numbers of each province it can be corroborated the total amount of DNI in China,

which is around 42,000 TWh/yr of natural resource (Table 25) as it was mentioned before and also the

potential of each province in terms of power and energy. Also the potential installed capacity is about

16000 GW.

Province/Municipality/ Autonomous Region / Special

Administrative Region

GW TWh/yr

Gansu 455.00 1,142.,00

Hebei 26.00 64.00

Heilongjiang 7.00 17.00

Inner Mongolia 6,059.00 15,170.00

Qinghai 2,751.00 7,100.00

Shaanxi 9.00 21.00

Shanxi 18.00 44.00

Sichuan 56.00 140.00

Xinjiang 5,040.00 13,300.00

Xizang (Tibet) 1,720.00 5,530.00

Total 16,145.00 42,538.,00

Table 25. Total Potential of Solar Power and Energy by province



Analysing the chart (Figure 45) for this total numbers of installed capacity and energy, again these five

provinces show the best potential values:

Figure 45. Potential Provincial Resources

Before taking into consideration other parameters but only solar resource and considering the same

amount of operating hours, organizing the values of the provinces according to the amount of installed

capacity and energy that could generate the results for these five province shows:

1. Inner Mongolia

2. Qinghai

3. Xinjiang

4. Tibet

5. Gansu

Nevertheless it has been pointed out that Qinghai and Gansu will be first locations for commercial projects

in China because of Geographical conditions, proximity to consumption centres, solar resource, slope,

water availability, etc.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

GW

TWh/yr



The result of the Potential Solar Resource with all the assumptions taken is for three different slope´s

classification:

Slope < 1%

Slope < 3%

Slope < 5%

I. Slope < 1% (Figure 46)

Figure 46. Solar Resource with slope <1%



Usually the ideal slope for CSP projects is from 1% to 3%, so areas in cases I and II will be considered as

optimal.

II. Slope < 3% (Figure 47)




Less ideal but also possible for developing CSP projects a study of the solar resources where the slope is

lower than 5 percent.

III. Slope < 5% (Figure 48)




To conclude this point it will be interesting to have a look at the numbers of the two countries that have

developed at the moment more projects in CSP and make a comparison with China to see its potential.

Firstly in terms of real installed capacity in 2011 and beyond (Table 26):

Country/ Power (MW) 2011 2015 2020

Spain 1,153 3,048 5,079

USA 510 1,800 8,000

China 1 1,000 3,000

Table 26. Installed Capacity Comparison with the main countries in CSP

Secondly (Table 27) in terms of potential capacity of power and potential energy production between 5 and

more than 7 KWh/m2day and the potential in amount of GW available with a DNI bigger than 7

KWh/m2day.

Country Power (GW) Energy (TWh/year) DNI >7 KWh/m2day (GW)

China 16,000 42,000 1,400

USA 15,000 40,000 1,300

Spain 720 1,900 0.7

Table 27. Potential Generation of Solar Energy

Therefore, although the country with most installed capacity is Spain, China and the U.S.A. have a much

higher potential resource.



4. MARKET DEVELOPMENTS IN 2011.

Some key points that are important to happen in every market to develop new energy sources, and CSP for

the concerns of this report:

a) Strategy

Security of electricity supply is an aspect of huge importance in terms of energy security. A range of issues

(such as fuel supply, extreme weather and increasing variable renewable energy in the power mix, etc.) all

have impacts on a country’s ability to secure the delivery of electricity to its households and industry.

For China, electricity security is increasingly a concern since the consumption per capita is expecting to

increase. Reliable and secure electricity supply is strongly important to the Chinese government’s

fundamentals for policymaking, social stability and economic growth so CSP could play a very important

role in this issue.

b) Chinese market

Solar profitable markets are located mostly in United States, Spain, Chile, North of Africa and Middle East,

South Africa, Australia and China and India. As it has been seen in this report, China has a very rich potential

amount of sun energy.

Figure 49. Global Concentrating Solar Power Markets



c) Technology

In Technology, the shares from 2010 to 2025 will probably go from a very focused on Parabolic Trough

(95%) and a little of tower (3%) to a technology share in 2025 of Trough (70%), Tower (20%), Fresnel (5%)

and dish (5%).

Figure 50. Expected Technology Markets in the World

d) Cost

There are big challenges in cost reduction from 2012 to 2015: 5% reduction by the economies of scale (ES),

by 2020 35% reduction by ES (where China could play an important role) and deployment of new

technologies and 40% in 2025 with the cost and efficiency improvements.

Figure 51. Expected LCOE reductions from 2012 to 2050. Source ESTELA

So if these 4 key points are satisfied as it can be, the CSP market in China will be a success.



4.1. CURRENT CSP PROJECTS

The China CSP market is starting. Today the only real bid project was the 50 MW parabolic trough in Erdos,

Inner Mongolia which is going to be the first demonstration project in China.

There are also some pilot projects in course like the 1 MWe Dahan Tower plant located in the district of

Beijing (Yanqing) at Badaling town, 1MW Dish power plant and 1.5 MWt Fresnel in Sanya, Hainan and 180

Kw parabolic trough power plant in Xinjiang.

Currently the concentrated solar power demonstration projects approved in China are five (Table 28)

considered as under construction but in a very early stage. In terms of technology three of them are

parabolic trough and two of them are already unknown but with a high probability to be parabolic through.

The location of the plants has been studied according to the direct solar radiation and the geographical

adaptation to the terrain conditions. All of them are placed in the provinces around North and North-West

of China.

Location Developer MW

Capacity Technology

1. Gansu, Jinta China Huadian 50 Parabolic

Trough

2. Inner Mongolia,

Erdos China Datang 50

Parabolic

Trough

3. Ningxia Hanas

92.5 (where

40 MW will

be CSP)

Parabolic

Trough

4. Qinghai, Delingha China GD

Nuclear 50

Parabolic

Trough

5. Qinghai,

Geermu/Golmud

China Power

Investment 50-100

Parabolic

Trough or

Tower

TOTAL 342.5

Table 28. Approved Projects in China. Source Intersolar

As it can be seen in table the projects are alphabetically ordered by province location, three of the plants

are 50 MW capacity power, one 92.5 MW (where 40 MW will be CSP) and the biggest one of 100 MW but it

is not sure and could be 50 MW in the end. The total amount of installed power is going to be 342.5 MW in

the next years and the first project will take place in Inner Mongolia as it is going to be developed in the

next point.



4.2. PILOT PROJECTS

4.2.1. Small pilot projects by technology until 2012

During the period from 1995 to 2004, some parabolic troughs projects have been developed in China mostly by the

IEECAS:

Figure 52. Source IEECAS

Apart from these projects there have been some prototypes like the 150 KW Dish in Tianjin by Tianjing Caixi

solar co. ltd ventured by USA solar and environmental technologies corporation (SETC) Co., 1 MW dish

plant operating in Sanya Hainan, the 180 KW parabolic trough operating in Xnjiang developed by China

Guodian Group by Guodian Qingsong Turpan New Energy Co. Ltd, and the 224 m parabolic trough pilot

project developed by China Huadian Corporation in Hebei Province.

It is important to take into account which projects have been the developed in every technology in China as

it going to be analysed:



a. Parabolic Trough In China six parabolic trough prototype systems have been developed. In Table the prototypes are ordered by date of release and as it can be seen the three of them have been developed by IEECAS with the two lasts in collaboration with Himin.

Parabolic trough prototype

system P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

Collector length (m) 12 112 120 24 100 12

Aperture

(m) 2.5 5.77 5.77 5.76 5.76 5.77

Working Temperature (º C) 150 - 300 350 350 400 400 350

Time 2005 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010

Developer IEECAS CHEC

Beijing Zhinghang

Airport General

Equipment Co.Ltd

IEECAS + Himin IEECAS + Himin Beijing University of

Technology

Photo

Table 29. Parabolic Trough Prototypes



Figure 53. PT Prototypes Own Elaboration



b. Central Power Tower

i. Several heliostat prototypes have been developed during the period from 2003 to 2008 by IEECAS and Himin of 20, 22, 100, 107 and 125 m2.

ii. There has been developed 1Mwe solar power pilot plant with an aperture area of 10,000m2 and 118 m tower height.

Figure 54. Power Tower Heliostats. Source IEECAS



c. Parabolic Dish

iii. Dish concentrators: Guangzhou, Xian, Dezhou and Harbin

Figure 55. Dish Stirling Prototypes



iv. Dish Sirling System: 1Kwe IEECAS and Xi´an Aeroengine controls, Aviation Industries of China.

Figure 56. Dish Stirling Prototypes



d. Linear Fresnel

v. Himin Solar has planned to develop a CSP solar plant of 33000 m2.

vi. Lanzhou dacheng Technology has planned to develop a CSP solar plant of 96 m2.

Figure 57. Fresnel Prototypes



4.2.2. Dahan Tower Plant 1 MW Power Tower plant

This plant will act as an experimental and test platform. Based on criteria for CSP plant site selection, such

as: solar resource, water resource, land, transportation, political importance, the Dahan plant has been

located in the suburb of Beijing (North Latitude 40.4", East Longitude 115.9"), Dafutuo village, Badaling

town, Yanqing County. ADB provided a grant of US$ 250,000 for this Dahan plant.

Figure 58. Dahan Power Plant Location. Source ADB

The Dahan plant is composed of solar optical-thermal-power system, auxiliary boiler system and thermal

storage system.

Figure 59. Dahan Power Plant. Source ADB



The basic parameters about the plant are:

Parameters Values

DNI (Kwh/m2/year) 1290

Land area (m2) 53,360

Nominal capacity (MWe) 1

Heliostat aperture area (m2) 100

Heliostat number

Tower height (m2)

HTF Water/Steam

Thermal Storage Medium Saturated steam/ oil

Cooling method Wet cooling

Turbine Steam turbine

Table 30. Dahan Power Plant Parameters. Source ADB

The stakeholders involved in this first pilot project, by discipline are:

Stakeholder Contract Value Chain

Institute of Electrical Engineering,

Chinese Academy of Science (IEECAS) Integration and operator

Project Leader and plant

owner

Northwest Electric Power Design

Institute (NWEPDI) Design Design Institute

China Huadian Engineering Co (CHEC) Project Management Project Management

Himin Solar Heliostat and installation Component supplier and

constructor

Hebei Construction and Investment

Group Solar Tower Constructor

Jiangsu Taihu Boiler Company Boiler and Thermal

Storage device Component supplier

Hangzhou Steam Turbine Company Steam turbine Component supplier

Xian Jiatong University Water/steam receiver Water/Steam

Table 31. Dahan Power Plant Stakeholders. Source ADB



Since July 2011, Dahan tower plant has been put into commissioning experiments. The performance of the

water/steam receiver supplied by Xian Jiaotong University has been tested, which generates 350°C,

2.15MPa steam and flows to the steam accumulator that has a volume of 100m3.With the same heliostats,

the platform is testing the air receiver developed by the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese

Academy of Sciences with the metallic tower. By December 2011, the solar island and the conventional

island haven’t been connected in total for the power generation.

Figure 60. Photos of Dahan Power Plant

The 120m concrete tower has been capped and the peripheral structure is under construction. It is planned

that the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences will remove the water/steam

receiver from the metallic tower to the 120m concrete tower for the permanent use. It is expected that by

July 2012 the installation of the water/steam receiver on the concrete tower will be completed.

Figure 61. Photo of Dahan Power Plant



4.3. DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

Although these demonstration projects are analysed as under construction the truth is that most of them

are on a feasibility stage.

In order to have a reliability for the big investments needed these plants probably are going to be 50 MW

parabolic trough (or at least in a first stage) because is the technology with more commercial experience in

Spain where is the country with most installed capacity as it have been seen in point 3 followed by the USA.

Figure 62. Functional scheme of the parabolic trough plant with thermal storage

The HTF will be synthetic oil and natural gas backup boiler will probably be included with an overall

contribution to the annual electricity production lower than 10%.

Parameter Value

Technology Parabolic trough

Nominal capacity (MW) 50

HTF Synthetic oil

Proportion of natural gas <10-15%

Storage Yes/No

Table 32. General Parameters of Future Demonstration Plants



4.3.1. Erdos, Inner Mongolia 50 MW Parabolic Trough

The bidding for the first parabolic trough design project in China was opened in January 2011 to construct

the 50 MW CSP parabolic trough plant located in Inner Mongolia.

Some of the requirements for the bidding were:

Parameter Value

Construction period (months) 30

Concession operation period with fix FIT price

(years) 25

Price fix FIT <PV price

Proportion of natural gas <10%

Storage Yes, with

molten salt

Table 33. Erdos Solar Plant Parameters

With these clauses, three companies submitted the tendering documents for the bidding concession with

the feed in tariff attach on the table below and all of them proposed by state owned enterprises:

Company Feed in tariff (RMB/KWh)

China Guodian Co. 2.25

China Datang Co. 0.94

China Guangdong Nuclear Power 0.98

Table 34. Companies’ bids

China Datang Co. won the first bidding for concession and is going to the develop the first CSP molten salt

commercial plant in China with the mission of hire the majority of the equipment made in China,

technology independently developed and the project will be launched in 2012.



4.3.2. Gansu, Jinta, 50 MW Parabolic Trough

The developer is China Huadian Engineering Corporation; the technology will be parabolic trough with 1-

hour thermal storage. In terms of investment the project counts with the ADB support. The project

implementation will be from 2013 to 2015 and the commercial operation in 2015.

The project is on a prefeasibility study stage. Two locations have been analysed and the more relevant

criteria of the chosen one are:

The installed capacity of the plant has been fixed to 50 MW.

The chosen locations plant is 4km to the east of Jinta County, Gansu Province. The available area is 51 km2.

The DNI is around 1,900 – 2,000 KWh/m²/yr and the place have good infrastructure including land and

water availabilities.

Figure 63. Jinta Power Plant Location

The relevant landmarks are: To the east, hills; to the west the proposed Jiu Hang railway; to the south is Shi

Sheng Road; to the north is Yang Jing Zi Wan farmland; to the southwest, at 3 km Jiu Hang Provincial

Highway and at 8 Km national Reservoir-Mandarin Duck Pond.



4.3.3. Qinghai , Golmud, 50 MW Parabolic Trough

The project is on a prefeasibility study stage and will be develop by China Power Investment. Two locations

have been analysed and the more relevant criteria of the chosen one are:

PARAMETER LOCATION

DNI (Kwh/m2/year) 2,200

Maximum wind speed (m/s) 22

Distance to water source Underground

Distance to the grid (km/KV) 5/330

Table 35. Golmud Project Location Parameters

As ADB pointed out, Qinghai’s relevant landmarks are the following:

To the west is located Golmud city. And 5 km east from Golmud can be found a 330 kV substation.

To the south can be found the 109 National Highway.

At its surroundings, there can be found a solar PV power plant under construction.

Figure 64. Golmud Power Plant Location

According to the urban and industrial planning for Golmud city, a large scale solar plant will be built on both

sides of 109 National Highway from west to east.

The site is flat and open. Its slope is less than 5 ‰. Its average altitude is about 2,870 meters and its

available land area is higher than 6 km2.



4.3.4. Qinghai , Delingha, 50 MW Parabolic Trough

This plant is going to be developed by China Guangdong Nuclear solar energy development Corporation.

The technology is going to be Parabolic trough with 7 hours of thermal storage. The project implementation

will be from 2012 to 2014 and the commercial operation will be by the end of 2014.

For the investment of the project ADB is currently conducting a detailed due diligence for about $100 -

$150 million equivalent debt financing.

The location of the plant is in Qinghai province, in Haixi prefecture and Delingha city also known as Delhi as

can be seen in the satellite image:

Figure 65. Delingha Location plant

This location has a DNI of 1,976 kwh/m2/year and with over 3,100 day light hours per year. The Site is a

Semi-arid condition place with cold climate and water scarce condition.



4.3.5. Ningxia Hanas 92.5 MW ISCC project

This plant is going to be developed by Hanas New energy Group with construction Partners North China

power engineering and Siemens.

The location is in the province of Ningxia in Wuzhong city prefecture, Yanchi County, and the town is

Gaoshawo.

Figure 66. Ningxia Power Plant Location

The plant capacity power will be 92.5 MWe and started its construction in October 2011 (The project is on

hold at the moment since FIT is not confirmed by the Government). The technology: for the solar plant that

will be combined with coal (or gas) is going to be parabolic trough and probably with storage.

The total investment plant is 2250 mill RMB and is going to be the First ISCC demonstration project in Asia.

It is expected to be in operation in October 2013.



4.4. SUMMARY OF PROJECTS

To sum up (as it is determined in the ADB Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report) the China CSP projects

by companies, the top five utilities groups in PRC are leading CSP project development on the strength of

capital and technical and human resources.

1. China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd., as one of the earliest involvers in CSP development, has built

up a 200kW PT solar power experiment system, and made some progresses on receivers and

integration technology for a PT plant.

It has implemented preparation work on CSP projects in Jinta County of Gansu province and

Golmud City of Qinghai province.

2. China Guodian Corporation has constructed a 180kW PT power testing plant in Turpan of Xingjiang

Autonomous Zone, it went into trial operation, connected to the grid (but with some problems

because the steam temperature is too low, around 150 ºC), in 13 June of 2011, and plans to further

develop 150MW CSP projects till 2015 in Turpan.

3. China Datang Corporation started construction of a 10MW PT CSP pilot plant in Gansu at the end of

2010, jointly invested with Baoding Tianwei Group. China Datang Corporation Renewable Power

Co., Ltd. bid on the first concession PT CSP project in PRC at the tariff of 0.94 CNY/kWh, which had

been approved by NEA in September of 2011.

4. China Power Investment Corporation plans to develop 1,000MW CSP demonstration project in

Golmud, Qinghai province, the first phase of this plan should be started in May of 2011 (but still on

hold), with installed capacity of 10-100 MW and total investment of 3.1 billion CNY, jointly

developed by Huanghe Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. (a sub-company of China Power

Investment Corporation) and Shanghai Gongdian Energy Co., Ltd.

5. China Huaneng Group has initiated R&D on 1.5MW CSP Fresnel testing system in Hainan, and plans

200MW up CSP projects in Xinjiang Autonomous Zone and 50MW CSP project in Lhasa, and intends

to expand business into CSP manufacturing sector.

Besides, increasing number of large state-owned and local energy enterprises and CSP equipment

manufacturers are getting involved in CSP project development in PRC.

China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group (CGN) signed a memorandum of understanding with Solar

Millennium on CSP cooperation in January of 2011, and started construction of a 50MW CSP

project and experiment base in Delingha City, Qinghai province, in September of 2011. CGN Solar

Energy Co., Ltd. plans to invest in four 50MW CSP projects in Wuwei and 50 MW in Jiuquan of

Gansu province till 2015.



Hanas New Energy Group started construction of the parabolic trough solar and natural gas

combined cycle power plant, with installed capacity of 92.5MW and total investment of 2.25 billion

CNY, in October of 2011 in Ningxia.

Inner Mongolia Lenon New Energy Co. Ltd implemented preparation work for Inner Mongolia CSP

project, i.e. Ordos 50MW concession project.

Baoding Tianwei Group plans 100MW CSP projects in Sichuan province (which probably will be

switched to Xinjiang), and it has allied with China Datang Corporation Renewable Power Co., Ltd.

For 1.5MW CSP project in Gansu and 50MW CSP project in Ordos.

Shanghai Gongdian Energy Technology Co., Ltd. plans to build up a 100MW solar tower power

plant.

Tianjin Solar and Environmental Technologies Corporation planned to set up a 6MW CSP plant and

130 MW block of new type dish CSP power block in Xizang. But the company has been bankrupt.

Beijing Kangtuo Holding plans 550MW CSP plants in Inner Mongolia.

CAMDA Generator Works Co., Ltd. plans to invest 120 million CNY on CSP international cooperation

platform.

To conclude the planned installed capacity in China in short and long term will exceed the first plans

determined by NDRC of 1GW by 2015 and 3 GW by 2020:

Solar Installed Capacity (Short

term)

Solar Installed Capacity (Long

term)

TOTAL (MW) 1370.8 6099

TOTAL (GW) 1.37 6.1

Table 36. Total Installed Capacity Forecast in China

Around 1.4 GW of CSP projects in short term are in preparation in PRC to be operating by the date of 2015

and around 6 GW of CSP projects are planning to turn into construction before 2020.

In Table 37, all the projects are organized by status and province in alphabetical order. In Figure 67 all the

projects have been drawn in a map of PRC dividing the projects by status in three different colours in green

for operating projects, yellow for projects under construction and red for projects planning. Also in this

map, it is taking into account the technology probably constructed in all the cases.



General

Level Projects Location PROVINCE OR REGION Local Level Developer

Solar MW Capacity

(Short term)

Solar MW Capacity

(Long term) Technology Status

C1 HAINAN SANYA 1MW PILOT SANYA HAINAN H1 ECUBE ENERGY 1 Dish Operating

C1-2 HAINAN SANYA 1,5 MW PILOT SANYA HAINAN H2 HUANENG 1.5 132 Fresnel Operating

C2 XINJIANG TURPAN 180 KW PILOT PROJECT TURPAN XINJIANG X1 CHINA GUODIAN GROUP BY GUODIAN QINGSONG TURPAN NEW ENERGY CO. LTD. 0.18 150 Parabolic Trough Operating

C3 BEIJING DAHAN 1MW PILOT PROJECT YANQING BEIJING B1 IEECAS 1 Power Tower Under Construction

C4 GANSU JINTA 50 MW JINTA GANSU G1 CHINA HUADIAN ENGINEERING CO. 50 Parabolic Trough Under Construction

C5 INNER MONGOLIA ERDOS 50 MW ERDOS INNER MONGOLIA I1 CHINA DATANG CORP. RENEWABLE POWER 50 Parabolic Trough Under Construction

C6 NINGXIA 92,5 MW ISCC PROJECT WUZHONG CITY NINGXIA N1 HANAS NEW ENERGY GROUP 92.5 Parabolic Trough (ISCC) Under Construction9

C7 QINGHAI GOLMUD 100-1000 MW PROJECT GOLMUD QINGHAI Q1 CHINA POWER INVESTMENT CORP. 100 1000 Parabolic Trough Under Construction10

C8 QINGHAI DELINGHA 50 MW DELINGHA QINGHAI Q2 CHINA GUANGDONG NUCLEAR SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CORP. 50 Parabolic Trough Under Construction

C9 SHANDONG DEZHOU 2,5 MW PILOT PROJECT DEZHOU SHANDONG SD1 HIMIN 2.5 Fresnel Under Construction

C10 GANSU JIUQUAN 10 MW JIUQUAN GANSU G2 CHINA DATANG CORPORATION AND TIANWEI NEW ENERGY 10 Parabolic Trough Planning

C11 GANSU JIUQUAN 50 MW JIUQUAN GANSU G3 CHINA GUANDONG NUCLEAR POWER GRUP (GDN) 50 Parabolic Trough Planning

C12 GANSU WUWEI 50-200 MW WUWEI GANSU G4 CHINA GUANDONG NUCLEAR POWER GRUP (GDN) 50 200 Parabolic Trough Planning

C13 GANSU 1,5 MW JIAYUGUAN GANSU G5 BAODING TIANWEI GROUP AND CHINA DATANG 1.5 Parabolic Trough Planning11

C14 GANSU 100 MW Not Known GANSU G6 SETC TIANJIN COMPANY 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

C15 GUANDONG 1MW Not Known GUANDONG GD1 CAMDA NEW ENERGY 1 Parabolic Trough Planning

C16 INNER MONGOLIA ERDOS 30 MW ERDOS INNER MONGOLIA I2 BEIJING CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 30 Parabolic Trough Planning

C17 INNER MONGOLIA 550 MW Not Known INNER MONGOLIA I3 BEIJING KANGTUO HOLDING 550 Parabolic Trough Planning

C18 JIANGSU NANJING 100 KW NANJING JIANGSU J1 NANJING ZHONGCAITIANCHENG NEW ENERGY COMPANY 0.1 Parabolic Trough Planning

C19 NINGXIA 100 MW Not Known NINGXIA N2 BEIJING CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

C20 QINGHAI DELINGHA 50 MW DELINGHA QINGHAI Q3 QINGHAI SUPCON SOLAR THERMAL POWER CO. LTD 50 Power Tower Planning12

C21 QINGHAI GOLMUD 50-100 MW GOLMUD QINGHAI Q4 GD ENERGY 50 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

C22 QINGHAI GOLMUD 50 MW GOLMUD QINGHAI Q5 CHINA HUADIAN ENGINEERGING CO. LTD 50 Parabolic Trough Planning

C23 QINGHAI 50-1000 MW Not Known QINGHAI Q6 LION INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT 50 1000 Parabolic Trough Planning

C24 SHAANXI 50-2000 MW Not Known SHAANXI SH1 SHANDONG PENGLAI AND ESOLAR 50 2000 Parabolic Trough Planning

C25 SICHUAN ABAZHOU 100 MW ABAZHOU13 SICHUAN SC1 BAODING TIANWEI GROUP (TIANWEI NEW ENERGY) 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

C26 TIBET LHASA 50 MW LHASA TIBET T1 CHINA HUANENG TIBET COMPANY 50 Parabolic Trough Planning

C27 TIBET 6-130 MW Not Known TIBET T2 TIANJING CAIXI SOLAR CO. AND SETC CO. 6 130 Dish Planning

C28 XINJIANG 1,5-200 MW Not Known XINJIANG X2 CHINA HUANENG GROUP 1.5 200 Parabolic Trough Planning

C29 XINJIANG 337 MW PROJECTS Not Known XINJIANG X3 CHINA GUODIAN GROUP BY GUODIAN QINGSONG TURPAN NEW ENERGY CO. LTD 337 Parabolic Trough Planning

C30 XINJIANG 12-300 MW Not Known XINJIANG X4 XINJIANG QUINGSONG BUILDING MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS GROUP CO. LTD AND

GUODIAN XINJIANG COMPANY 12 300 Parabolic Trough Planning

C31 Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known Avic Xian Aero Engine Group. Ltd 100 Not Known Not Known

C32 Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known China Huadian Corporation 50 Not Known Not Known

C33 Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known Guandong Kangda 100 Not Known Not Known

C34 Not Known Not Known Not Known Not Known Shanghai Gongdian Energy Technology Co. Ltd 100 Not Known Not Known

Table 37. Summary of projects

9 On hold 10 On hold 11 In process of under construction 12In process of under construction 13 Probably change to Xicang



Figure 67. CSP China Plant Locations



I. PROJECTS OPERATING

1. HAINAN

2. XINJIANG

II. PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

1. BEIJING

2. GANSU

3. INNER MONGOLIA

4. NINGXIA

5. QINGHAI

6. SHANDONG

III. PROJECTS PLANNING

1. GANSU

2. GUANDONG

3. INNER MONGOLIA

4. JIANGSU

5. NINGXIA

6. QINGHAI

7. SHAANXI

8. SICHUAN

9. TIBET

10. XINJIANG




1. HAINAN

HAINAN SANYA 1MW PILOT PROJECT (H1)

OWNER: ECUBE ENERGY LOCATION: HAINAN, SANYA PROVINCE: SANYA POWER: 1MW STATUS: OPERATING TECHNOLOGY: DISH DNI: 1700 KWh/m2/year HOURS: 2500 h/year TOTAL LAND AREA: 384,OOO m2 ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION: 1.5 mill Kwh TOTAL INVESTMENT: 35 mill RMB OPERATION: FEBRUARY 2012




1. HAINAN

SANYA NANSHAN 1.5 MW PILOT PROJECT (S0)

OWNER: CHINA HUANENG

LOCATION: SANYA, NANSHAN

PROVINCE: XINJIANG

POWER: 1.5 MWTH

POWER: 132 MW GAS COMBINED CYCLE LONG TERM

TOTAL INVESTMENT: 10 Million RMB

STATUS: OPERATING

TECHNOLOGY: FRESNEL




2. XINJIANG

XINJIANG TURPAN 180 KW PILOT PROJECT (X1) 14

OWNER: CHINA GUODIAN GROUP BY GUODIAN QINGSONG TURPAN NEW ENERGY CO., LTD.

LOCATION: XINJIANG, TURPAN (OR TURFAN) PROVINCE: XINJIANG POWER: 180 KW SHORT TERM POWER: 150 MW LONG TERM (2015) STATUS: OPERATING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH

14

The project is having some problems and no power generation is available now




1. BEIJING

BEIJING DAHAN 1MW PILOT PROJECT TOWER PLANT (B1) 15

OWNER: IEECAS LOCATION: BEIJING, YANQING COUNTY , BADALING TOWN, DAFUTUO VILLAGE PROVINCE: BEIJING POWER: 1MW STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY: POWER TOWER DNI: 1290 KWh/m2/year LAND AREA: 53,360 M2 HELIOSTAT AREA: 10,000 M2 TOWER HEIGHT: 120 M HTF: WATER/STEAM COOLING METHOD: WET COOLING EXPECTED OPERATION: JUNIO 2012 FIRST COMERCIAL POWER TOWER IN CHINA FINANCIALLY SUPPORT BY ADB WITH $ 250,000

15 It could be considered in operation




2. GANSU

GANSU JINTA 50 MW PROJECT (G1)

OWNER: CHINA HUADIAN ENGINEERING CO. LOCATION: GANSU, JINTA PROVINCE: GANSU POWER: 50 MW STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION BUT IN VERY EARLY STAGE WITH PREPARATION WORK TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH WILL BE FINANCED BY ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)




3. INNER MONGOLIA

INNER MONGOLIA ERDOS 50 MW PROJECT (I1)

OWNER: CHINA DATANG CORP. RENEWABLE POWER LOCATION: INNER MONGOLIA, ERDOS PROVINCE: INNER MONGOLIA POWER: 50 MW STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES PROPORTION OF NATURAL GAS: <10% DNI: 1950 KWh/m2/year CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: 30 months OPERATION PERIOD: 25 years FIT: 0.94 RMB/kwh FIRST BIDDING PROJECT IN CHINA WILL BE FINANCED BY WORLD BANK APPROVED BY NEA IN SEPTEMBER 2011 AND NDRC IN JANUARY 2012




4. NINGXIA

NINGXIA HANAS 92.5 MW ISCC PROJECT (N1)

OWNER: HANAS NEW ENERGY GROUP LOCATION: NINGXIA, WUZHONG CITY, YANCHI COUNTY, GAOSHAWO PROVINCE: NINGXIA POWER: 92.5 Mwe STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION (STARTED IN OCTOBER 2011) TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH CONSTRUCTION PARTNERS: NORTH CHINA POWER ENGINEERING AND SIEMENS STORAGE: YES TOTAL INVESTMENT: 2250 mill RMB FIRST ISCC DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN ASIA EXPECTED OPERATION: OCTOBER 2013




5. QINGHAI

QINGHAI GOLMUD 10-1000 MW PROJECT (Q1) 16

OWNER: CHINA POWER INVESTMENT CORP. LOCATION: QINGHAI, HAIXI, GOLMUD (Ge'ermu or Geermu) POWER: 10 MW SHORT TERM POWER: 1000 MW LONG TERM STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES DNI: 2200 KWh/m2/year

16 There are doubts about the size 10 or 100 MW in the first stage and the technology Parabolic Trough or Tower



III. PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

5. QINGHAI

QINGHAI DELINGHA 50 MW PROJECT (Q2)

OWNER: CHINA GUANGDONG NUCLEAR SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT CORP. LOCATION: QINGHAI, HAIXI, DELINGHA (or Delhi) PROVINCE: QINGHAI POWER: 50 MW STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES DNI: 2100 KWh/m2/year WILL BE FINANCED BY ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK




6. SHANDONG

SHANDONG DEZHOU 2.5 MW FRESNEL PROJECT (SD1)

OWNER: HIMIN LOCATION: SHANDONG, DEZHOU PROVINCE: SHANDONG POWER: 2.5 MW STATUS: UNDER CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY: FRESNEL LAND AREA: 53,360 M2 HELIOSTAT AREA: 10,000 M2 TOWER HEIGHT: 120 M HTF: WATER/STEAM COOLING METHOD: WET COOLING EXPECTED OPERATION: JUNE 2012 FIRST COMERCIAL FRESNEL IN CHINA




1. GANSU

GANSU JIUQUAN 10 MW PROJECT (G2)

OWNER: CHINA DATANG CORPORATION AND TIANWEI NEW ENERGY LOCATION: GANSU, JIUQUAN, YUMEN PROVINCE: GANSU POWER: 10 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH




1. GANSU

GANSU JIUQUAN 50 MW PROJECT (G3)

OWNER: CHINA GUANDONG NUCLEAR POWER GRUP (GDN) LOCATION: GANSU, JIUQUAN PROVINCE: GANSU POWER: 50 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH EXPECTED CONSTRUCTION BEFORE 2015




1. GANSU

GANSU WUWEI 50-200 MW PROJECT (G4)

OWNER: CHINA GUANDONG NUCLEAR POWER GRUP (GDN) LOCATION: GANSU, WUWEI PROVINCE: GANSU POWER: 50-200 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH EXPECTED CONSTRUCTION BEFORE 2015




1. GANSU

GANSU 1.5 MW PROJECT (G5) 17

OWNER: BAODING TIANWEI GROUP AND CHINA DATANG LOCATION: GANSU PROVINCE: GANSU POWER: 1.5 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH

17 It is going to enter into under construction phase




1. GANSU

GANSU 100 MW PROJECT (G6)

I. OWNER: SETC TIANJIN COMPANY II. LOCATION: GANSU

III. PROVINCE: GANSU IV. POWER: 100 MW V. STATUS: PLANNING VI. TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH




2. GUANDONG

GUANDONG 1MW PROJECT (GD1) 18

OWNER: CAMDA NEW ENERGY LOCATION: GUANDONG PROVINCE: GUANDONG POWER: 1 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH





3. INNER MONGOLIA

INNER MONGOLIA ERDOS 30 MW PROJECT (I2)

OWNER: BEIJING CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LOCATION: INNER MONGOLIA, ERDOS PROVINCE: INNER MONGOLIA POWER: 30 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES




3. INNER MONGOLIA

INNER MONGOLIA 550 MW PROJECTS (I3)

OWNER: BEIJING CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD LOCATION: INNER MONGOLIA PROVINCE: INNER MONGOLIA POWER: 550 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH




4. JIANGSU

JIANGSU NANJING 100 KW PROJECT (J1)

OWNER: NANJING ZHONGCAITIANCHENG NEW ENERGY COMPANY LOCATION: NANJING PROVINCE: JIANGSU POWER: 100 KW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH SUPPORTED BY NANJING MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT




5. NINGXIA

NINGXIA 100 MW PROJECT (N2)

OWNER: BEIJING CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD LOCATION: NINGXIA PROVINCE: NINGXIA POWER: 100 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH




6. QINGHAI

QINGHAI DELINGHA 50 MW PROJECT (Q3) 19

OWNER: QINGHAI SUPCON SOLAR THERMAL POWER CO. LTD LOCATION: QINGHAI, HAIXI, DELINGHA (OR DELHI) PROVINCE: QINGHAI POWER: 50 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: POWER TOWER TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER: ZHEJIANG SUPCON CO. LTD AREA: 3.3 Km2 ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION: 120 mill Kwh





6. QINGHAI

QINGHAI GOLMUD 50-100 MW PROJECT (Q4)

OWNER: GD ENERGY LOCATION: QINGHAI, HAIXI, GOLMUD (Ge'ermu or Geermu) POWER: 50-100 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES DNI: 2200 KWh/m2/year




6. QINGHAI

QINGHAI GOLMUD 50 MW PROJECT (Q5)

OWNER: CHINA HUADIAN ENGINEERGING CO. LTD. LOCATION: QINGHAI, HAIXI, GOLMUD (Ge'ermu or Geermu) POWER: 50 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES DNI: 2200 KWh/m2/year




6. QINGHAI

QINGHAI 50-1000 MW PROJECT (Q6)

OWNER: LION INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LOCATION: QINGHAI POWER: 50-1000 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH STORAGE: YES




7. SHAANXI

SHAANXI 50-2000 MW PROJECT (SH1)

OWNER: SHANDONG PENGLAI AND ESOLAR

LOCATION: SHAANXI

PROVINCE: SHAANXI

POWER: 2000 MW

STATUS: PLANNING

TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH




8. SICHUAN

SICHUAN ABAZHOU 100 MW PROJECT (SC 1) 20

OWNER: BAODING TIANWEI GROUP (TIANWEI NEW ENERGY) LOCATION: SICHUAN, ABAZHOU PROVINCE: SICHUAN POWER: 100 MW STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH

20

It will probably change to Xichang, liangshan zhou




9. TIBET

TIBET LHASA 50 MW PROJECT (T1)

OWNER: CHINA HUANENG TIBET COMPANY

LOCATION: TIBET, LHASA

PROVINCE: TIBET

POWER: 50 MW

STATUS: PLANNING





9. TIBET

TIBET 6-130 MW PROJECT (T1) 21

OWNER: TIANJING CAIXI SOLAR CO. LTD VENTURED BY USA SOLAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL

TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (SETC) CO.

LOCATION: TIBET

PROVINCE: TIBET

POWER: 50 MW

STATUS: PLANNING AFTER PREVIOUS 150 KW DEMO PROJECT IN TIANJIN

TECHNOLOGY: DISH

21 The company entered bankruptcy




10. XINJIANG

XINJIANG 1.5-200 MW PROJECTS (X2)

OWNER: CHINA HUANENG GROUP LOCATION: XINJIANG PROVINCE: XINJIANG POWER: 1.5 MW SHORT TERM POWER: 200 MW LONG TERM STATUS: PLANNING TECHNOLOGY: PARABOLIC TROUGH ESTIMATED DATE: 2012-2020




10. XINJIANG

XINJIANG 337 MW PROJECTS (X3)

OWNER: CHINA GUODIAN GROUP BY GUODIAN QINGSONG TURPAN NEW ENERGY CO.

LTD.

LOCATION: XINJIANG

PROVINCE: XINJIANG

POWER: 337 MW LONG TERM

STATUS: PLANNING


ESTIMATED DATE: 2012-2020




10. XINJIANG

XINJIANG 12-300 MW PROJECTS (X4)

OWNER: XINJIANG QINGSONG BUILDING MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS GROUP CO. LTD

AND GUODIAN XINJIANG COMPANY

LOCATION: XINJIANG

PROVINCE: XINJIANG

POWER: 12 MW SHORT TERM

POWER: 300 MW LONG TERM

STATUS: PLANNING


ESTIMATED DATE: 2012-2020



5. THE CHINESE SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY SECTOR

5.1. INTRODUCTION

Before looking in detail who the stakeholders that participate in the STE (Solar Thermal Electricity) field are, it is

necessary to see what the different participants are before the start of the CSP Project.

Figure 68. Pyramidal Structure of CSP Project. Source ADB

At the first stage the Policy makers and governmental institutions formulate policies to make CSP Projects happen

and approved. Once the policy is decided usually with some incentives to investors and project developers

Although the market is still developing, the Chinese CSP industry sector is dominated by the so-called Big 5

Utilities, China Guodian, China Huaneng, China Power Investment, China Datang and China Huadian, which

operate in China as Project Developers, Utility and EPC.

Within the industry, some local equipment suppliers like Himin or Huiyin and first European CSP players like

SIEMENS, Schott, or Abengoa have started to enter the Chinese market.

In terms of Research and Development the efforts are taken by IEECAS (Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese

Academy of Science) which is coordinating the China subsidies on CSP in their platform in Badaling located at the

north of Beijing and the Institute is developing the first China 1 MW power tower as well as some other small pilot

projects of other technologies.

According to Figure 68 the players in the CSP Market will be included inside next big categories which will be later detailed with the Chinese agents in each of the stages:



1. POLICY MAKERS

Political institutions

CSP agencies

2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

3. FINANCING SECTOR

Investment and finance

4. PROJECT DEVELOPERS

5. INDUSTRY

Materials

Components

o Mirrors

o Receivers

o Support structure

o Control system

o Molten salt/heat storage

o Steam generator

o Power block and pumps

o System integration

6. CONSTRUCTION

EPC Companies

7. UTILITIES

Generation

8. DISTRIBUTION

Transmission

Substation

Distribution

Dispatching



5.2. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

5.2.1. National Government

The State Council synonymous with the Central People's Government of China since 1954 (particularly in relation

to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China.

COMPANY NAME, WEBSITE AND

LOGO

The central people’s government

http://www.gov.cn/ztzl/zb_gwy.htm

http://english.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1949 State

CONTACT INFO Address: Zhongnanhai, adjacent to Forbidden City (Chinese White House of

New Forbidden City)

DESCRIPTION

Main functions of central government:

1. According to the constitution and laws, formulate administrative rules and regulations. Issue decisions and orders

2. Propose to the National People’s Congress or the standing committee

3. Lead over the local organs of state administration 4. Lead and manage education, science, culture, health, sports and

family planning work 5. Manage foreign affairs

Table 38. The central people’s government




5.2.2. NDRC- National Development and Reform Commission

National Development and Reform Commission

COMPANY NAME, WEBSITE AND LOGO

NDRC

http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER 1952 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 38.S., Yuetan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100824

Tel: 0086-10-68503333 Fax: 0086-10-68505845

E-mail: [email protected]

DESCRIPTION

Main functions of the NDRC:

1. http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/mfndrc/default.htm

Table 39. NDRC

NDRC is one of the most important organizations in China and is a macroeconomic management agency under

the Chinese State Council, which has broad administrative and planning control over the Chinese economy.

Within the wide range of functions of NDRC is also in charge of Energy planning and pricing.



http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/mfndrc/default.htm



5.2.3. NEA- National Energy Administration

National Energy Administration

COMPANY NAME, WEBSITE

AND LOGO

NEA

http://www.nea.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2008 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 38.S., Yuetan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100824

Tel: 0086-10- Fax: 0086-10-


DESCRIPTION

Main functions of the NEA:

1. http://www.nea.gov.cn/gjnyj/index.htm

Table 40. National Energy Administration

In 2008, National Energy Administration (NEA) was founded under NDRC, however, in January 2010, the State

Council decided to set up a National Energy Commission (NEC), headed by current Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.

The commission will be responsible for drafting national energy development plan, reviewing energy security and

major energy issues and coordinating domestic energy development and international cooperation.

The National Energy Bureau (NEA) is under the supervision of NDRC and responsible of developing plans, policy

framework and administering all the energies in China, including coal, oil, gas, nuclear, new energies and

renewable energies.



http://www.nea.gov.cn/gjnyj/index.htm



5.2.4. CNREC- China National Renewable Energy Centre

China National Renewable Energy Centre


AND LOGO

CNREC

Http://www.cnrec.org.cn

Http://www.cnrec.info

START DATE/OWNER

2012 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

GuoHong Mansion, A11, Muxidibeili, XiCheng, District Beijing, 100038, P. R. China

Tel: 86-10-63908499 Fax: 86-10-63908293

DESCRIPTION

Main functions of the CNREC:

Conduct policy, strategy and planning research, in support of national and regional governmental decision making

Conduct RE research industry

Manage and implement national energy demonstration project.

Capture national and international sector data for analysis and provide research-based information.

Carry out extensive international exchanges and cooperation and assist in the management of the international renewable energy cooperation projects.

Table 41. CNREC

Reporting to NEA, a new agency for renewable energies has been created: CNREC (China National Renewable

Energy Centre) to assist in renewable (RE) policy research and industrial management and coordination.

The agency will research RE development strategy, planning, policy and regulation, coordinate and implement

industrial standardization, manage and coordinate international and regional cooperation, etc., as well as other

functions.

http://www.cnrec.org.cn/

http://www.cnrec.info/



5.2.5. MOF- Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Finance


AND LOGO

MOF

http://www.mof.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1949 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 3, Nansanxiang, Sanlihe, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100820 Tel: 0086-10-68551114 Fax: 0086-10-


DESCRIPTION

Main functions of the MOF:

1. http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/benbugaikuang/

Table 42. Ministry of Finance

5.2.6. MOST-Ministry of Science and Technology

Ministry of Science and Technology


AND LOGO

MOST

http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/index.

htm

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 15 B, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100862

Tel: 0086-10-58881800 Fax: 0086-10-

DESCRIPTION

Main functions of the MOST:

1. http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/organization/mission/

Table 43. Ministry of Science and Technology

http://www.mof.gov.cn/


http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/benbugaikuang/

http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/benbugaikuang/

http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/index.htm


http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/organization/mission/



5.2.7. PRICE BUREAU

Price Bureau – under NDRC now


AND LOGO

Price Bureau

http://jgs.ndrc.gov.cn

START DATE/OWNER

1952 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No.38,Yue Tan Nan Street, Xicheng District

Beijing, 100824


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The Department of Price of NDRC is consisted of 12 sub branches in charge

of the price of different aspects. The “Branch of Electric Power Price”

regulates Price of new energy.

Department of Price of NDRC is responsible for forecasting price changes,

recommending objectives, policies and reform plans for price adjustment;

formulating price and fee-charging policies and regulations; putting

forward the scope, principles and measures of price management, making

recommendations on revision of government pricing catalog; setting and

adjusting prices and fees administered by the central government; and

organizing cost investigation concerning major agricultural products,

commodities and services.

Table 44. Price Bureau

Policies about New Energy, Solar, and CSP (but more developed in point 2.2.3 Feed in Tariff)

The Department of Price of NDRC has issued a series of policies on renewable energy industries. These policies

include the following four aspects:

1. Policy stimulus to guide the local construction and management of new energy plants.

2. Price adjustment of additional renewable energy tariff (taxes from the traditional electricity plants to the

government to support the development the new energy industries).

3. Adjustment of national electricity price.

4. Consummating the wind power and the solar power grid tariff.

In January 2006, draft of Renewable Energy Management on Price and Cost-sharing was issued. It is shown in this

draft that only the government has the priority to regulate the price of renewable energies.



Principle of "Reasonable costs plus reasonable profit" is necessary when the government decides the price.

Moreover, the part of renewable energy prices higher than that of the local desulphurization coal-fired electricity,

should be shared by the electricity sales at and above provincial level.

The draft also brought up the method of calculating of the additional renewable energy tariff (taxes from the

traditional electricity plants to the government).

Besides, the additional renewable energy tariff was originally 0.2 cents per KWh, while it was increased to 0.4

cents in November 2009. And in January 2012, the standard doubled again. Companies in the field of new energy

felt very excited upon this, because the more taxes charged from the traditional power plants, the more financial

support and new chances they will get.

The Department of Price of NDRC has adjusted the national electricity price five times since the year 2006, namely

the first time in June 2006; the second time in July 2008; the third time in November 2009; the fourth time in

November 2010; and the most recent is in December 2011.

Adjustment of national electricity price is for the reasons of both the increasing cost on coal and also for the

consideration of encouraging the development of new energy industries.

To support the development of the wind power industry, the Department of Price of NDRC issued the “Notice for

Consummating Wind Power Grid Tariff Policy" in July, 2009, suggesting that the standard on-grid tariff of on-shore

wind project will be regulated according to different areas with different wind resources and construction

conditions. It was decided that standard on-grid tariff of wind project will be regulated within four classes of wind

resources area. Rules of additional renewable energy tariff remained unchanged.

To boost the solar power industry, the Department of Price of NDRC issued the "Notice for Consummating Solar

Power Grid Tariff Policy" in July 2011. Here are the two key regulations on the tariff of the solar plants:

1. Taxes are unified as 1.15 Yuan per Kwh, for the plants which were approved by NDRC before July 1st,

2011, and the construction would be completed and could be put into use before 1st December, 2011;

2. Taxes are unified as 1 Yuan per Kwh, for the plants which were approved after 1st July, 2011, or those

cannot be put into use before 1st December, 2011. Yet The Tibet Autonomous Region is an exception.

As for policies about CSP, Department of Price of NDRC issued no special regulation or policy about that however

the first bid project FIT was 0.94 Yuan per Kwh.



5.2.8. LOCAL GOVERNMENT

As it has been shown in the 2.2.2 point of this report Stages of Project Approval in China, every region in the

country has its own Local Provincial Government but as it has been mentioned before in this report, five regions

are most suitable for CSP and therefore the information of these regions is going to be provided:

Tibet Government


AND LOGO

Tibet Government

http://www.xizang.gov.cn/index.do

START DATE/OWNER

1952 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Kangang East Road, Lhasa City, Tibet, China, 850000

Tel: 0086- Fax: 0086-

E-mail: N/A

DESCRIPTION

Main functions of government: 1. Personal service: including marriage and birth, labor

employment, military service, social security, education, utilities, cultural entertainment, and medical health etc.

2. Enterprise Service: including tax, audition, urban construction, environment, quality certificate, industry and commerce administration

Table 45. Tibet Government

http://www.xizang.gov.cn/index.do



Gansu Government


AND LOGO

Gansu Government

http://www.gansu.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1950 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Central Plaze, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu, China, 730030

Tel: 0086-931-8462630 Fax: 0086-


DESCRIPTION




Table 46. Gansu Government

Inner Mongolia Government


AND LOGO

Inner Mongolia Government

http://www.nmg.gov.cn/main/nmg/

START DATE/OWNER

1947 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Saihanqu, chilechuan Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, 010098

Tel: 0086-471-4825158 Fax: 0086-


DESCRIPTION




Table 47. Inner Mongolia Government

http://www.gansu.gov.cn/


http://www.nmg.gov.cn/main/nmg/




Qinghai Government


AND LOGO

Qinghai Government

http://www.qh.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1950 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Lirang Street, Xining City, Qinghai, China, 810000

Tel: 0086- Fax: 0086-971-8483618


DESCRIPTION




Table 48. Qinghai Government

Xinjiang Government


AND LOGO

Xinjiang Government

http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1952 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 2, Zhongshan Road, Urumuqi, Xinjiang, China, 830041

Tel: 0086-991-2803114

Fax: 0086- E-mail: N/A

DESCRIPTION




Table 49. Xinjiang Government

http://www.qh.gov.cn/


http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/



5.3. CSP AGENCIES

5.3.1. National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy-NAFSTE


AND LOGO

National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy

http://en.nafste.org/

START DATE/OWNER

2009 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No.6, Beiertiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China Tel: 86-10-82547214 Fax: 86-10-82547214


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

In order to promote CSP technology and industry breakthrough, the National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy was set up in September of 2009, under the

support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of PRC, with the objectives of Strengthening

enterprises independent innovation capability and competitiveness for key

Table 50. National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy

65 institutions constitute the Alliance, including 34 enterprises, 19 universities and 12 research institutes.

Enterprises

Research institutions and

Universities/colleges involved in CSP

Related R&D

Manufacture

Services and investment

The Alliance main tasks for CSP technology are following:

Develop 100MW CSP technology and trough vacuum tube with intellectual property.

Do Research and master 100 MW solar tower power technology

Set up trough concentrating heat absorption system and vacuum tube

Production lines

Formulate the standards for CSP technology

Set up general testing platform and




5.3.2. Gansu Provincial CSP Innovation Strategy Alliance


AND LOGO

Gansu Provincial CSP Innovation Strategy Alliance

http://www.gansusolar.com/English/gyzx

_zxgk.asp

START DATE/OWNER

2010 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

An Ning District of Lanzhou City An Ning Road 88 Tel:0931-4956035 Fax:0931-4956035 [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Gansu provincial Concentrated Solar Power Innovation Strategy Alliance was set up in October 17 of 2010 in Lanzhou, to promote

CSP application and related technology equipment in Gansu province and strengthen exchange and cooperation among CSP

related enterprises in Gansu province and international and national institutions.

Table 51. Gansu Provincial CSP Innovation Strategy Alliance

Organized by Gansu Provincial Industry and Information Commission, the Alliance is jointly established by 14

members including:

Enterprises

Universities and research institute, such as Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd., Aviation 501

Institute, Langzhou Jiaotong University.

The targets of the alliance are as follows:

Create innovation schemes based on enterprises, oriented by market and combined with industry and

university and institutes together

Integrate and share innovation resources, and strengthen cooperative R&D

Break bottlenecks on common and key technologies for CSP industry

Speed up commercialization of R&D results by means of technology transfer

Strengthen competiveness of CSP industry

Train and exchange personnel

Cultivate CSP integrated industry



5.4. INVESTMENT AND FINANCE

The financial system is ruled since 1984 by The People´s Bank of China doing the exercise as central bank,

conducting macro control and supervision over nation´s banking system. Since 2003 China Banking Regulatory

Commission (CBRC) formed a Financial Regulatory System with China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)

and China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC).

The commercial banks situation and possible financial backers in China include:

1. State owned commercial banks (SOCBs):

a. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC)

b. Agricultural Bank of China (ABC)

c. Bank of China (BOC)

d. China Construction Bank (CCB)

e. Bank of Communications (BOCOM)

2. Joint stock commercial banks (JSCBs):

a. CITIC Industrial Bank

b. Huaxia Bank

c. Guangdong Development Bank

d. Shenzen Development Bank

e. China Merchants Bank

f. Shanghai Pudong Development Bank

g. Industrial Bank.

h. China Minsheng Banking Co.

i. Evergrowing Bank

j. China Zheshang Bank

k. China Bohai Bank

3. City commercial banks

4. Rural commercial banks.

5. Development Banks

6. Foreign International banks.

7. Investors and Private Entities

8. Central and Local Government Investments.



5.4.1. China Commercial Banks

It is important taking into account the relevance of the Chinese banks in the world map and the possibility of

financing projects, where four of the seventh biggest banks worldwide are from China (all from these four Chinese

bank are state owned):

RANKING BANK COUNTRY

STOCK PRICE

(Thousands of

million €)

1 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) CHINA 240.95

2 China Construction Bank CHINA 195.85

3 Wells Fargo & Co THE USA 160.72

4 HSBC Holdings THE UK 150.90

5 Agricultural Bank of China CHINA 141.73

6 JP Morgan Chase THE USA 140.95

7 Bank of China CHINA 128.80

Table 52. Largest Banks

There is not a lot of information on which banks are financing the CSP projects in China, so as an example the

biggest one, China Commercial Banks

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China Commercial Banks

http://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/sy/default

.htm

START DATE/OWNER

1984 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 55, FuXingMenNei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100140

Tel: 95588 Fax: call 95588

E-mail: online by http://www.icbc.com.cn/ICBC/help/contact%20us/

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is mainly engaged in:

1. Personal Banking, including investment and financing, personal loan, deposit, and personal E-banking business

2. Corporate Banking, including corporate deposit, loan financing, financing lease, bill business, settlement service, and corporate wealth management

Table 53. ICBC

http://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/sy/default.htm

http://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/sy/default.htm

http://www.icbc.com.cn/ICBC/help/contact%20us/



5.4.2. Local Banks

In China for some projects developed at local level usually the banks of the province lend money for a part of the

project. Some of the local banks in China are:

1. Bank of Shanghai

2. Shanghai Pudong Development Bank

3. Xiamen International Bank

4. Shenzen Development Bank

5. Ping An Bank

6. Shenzen City Commercial Bank

7. Guandong Development Bank

8. Bank of Beijing

9. Bank of Ningbo

10. Bank of Nanjing

11. Bank of Chengdu

12. Bank of Chongqing

13. Bank of Nanchang in Jiangxi

14. Bank of Qingdao in Shandong

15. Bank of Lanzhou in Gansu

16. Bank of Harbin

17. Bohai Bank in Tianjin

18. China Merchants Bank in Shenzen

19. Dalian Bank, Liaoning

20. Shengjing Bank in Shenyang, Liaoning

21. Bank of Jinzhou, Liaoning

22. Bank of Jilin

23. Industrial Bank in Fuzhou, Fujian

24. Bank of Hangzhou in Zhejiang

25. Zhejiang Tailon Commercial Bank in Taizhou, Zhejiang



Over all these local banks two of them have worked in solar CSP projects:

Beijing Bank


AND LOGO

Beijing Bank

http://www.bankofbeijing.com.cn/en2011/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

1996 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 17 Bing, Jinrong Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100033

Tel: 95526 Fax: call 95526

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION




PROJECTS IN CSP PROVINCE CITY INSTALLED

CAPACITY (MW) TECHNOLOGY Status

Lending* Xinjiang Turpan 2*50 Parabolic Trough

Planning

Lending* Sichuan Chengdu 800 N/A Operating

Table 54. Beijing Bank

Source: * - Internet http://news.tyn888.com/rdtj/4280.html



http://news.tyn888.com/rdtj/4280.html



Hangzhou Bank

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Hangzhou Bank

http://www.hzbank.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1996 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 46, Qingchun Street, Hanzhou City, Zhejiang, China, 310009

Tel: 96523 or +86-571-85108125 Fax: call 96523

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION




PROJECTS IN CSP

PROVINCE CITY INSTALLED CAPACITY

(MW) TECHNOLOGY Status

Lending* Xinjiang Turpan 2*50 Parabolic Trough

Planning

Lending* Sichuan Chengdu 800 N/A Operating

Table 55. Hangzhou Bank

Source: * - http://news.tyn888.com/rdtj/4280.html


http://news.tyn888.com/rdtj/4280.html



5.4.3. China Development Bank

China Development Bank

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China Development Bank

http://www.cdb.com.cn/english/index.asp

START DATE/OWNER

1994 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 29 Fuchengmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100037

Tel: +86-10-68306688 Fax: +86-10-68306699


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The overview of its operations:

1. Planning operations: strengthen its cooperation with ministries and local governments. CDB participated 11 national priority projects and completed planning projects on financing

2. Lending business: dedicate to implement the government’s policies and earmark financing for key projects in infrastructure and basic/backbone industries. Support to improve the people’s wellbeing

3. Treasury business: focus on off-balance-sheet financing, financial advisory, securities underwriting and bill businesses

4. Intermediary business 5. Financial cooperation and innovation

Table 56. China Development Bank






5.4.4. International Banks

5.4.5. Asian Development Bank

Asian Development Bank

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Asian Development Bank

http://adb.org/

START DATE/OWNER

1966 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Headquarters Address: 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, Manila, 1550

Tel: +63 2 632 4444 Fax: +63 2 636 2444

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The ADB aims for an Asia and Pacific free from poverty:

1. By loans, grants, policy dialogue, technical assistance and equity investments

2. In detail, through investment in infrastructure, health care services, financial and public administration systems, or helping nations prepare for the impact of climate change or better manage their natural resources

PROJECTS IN CSP

PROVINCE CITY INSTALLED


Lending Beijing Badaling 1 Tower Finished

Lending* Qinghai Delingha 50 PT Started

Lending* Gansu Jinta 50 PT Started

Table 57. Asian Development Bank

Source * - CSP Asia Forum 2012

http://adb.org/



5.4.6. The World Bank

The World Bank

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

The World Bank

http://www.worldbank.org/

START DATE/OWNER

1944 JOINT

CONTACT INFO

Address: 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20433 USA

Tel: +1-202-473-1000 Fax: +1-202-477-6391

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The overview of its operations:

1. Financial Products and Services. Provide low-interest loans, interest-free credits, and grants to developing countries. Also, provide or facilitate financing through trust fund partnerships with bilateral and multilateral donors.

2. Innovative Knowledge Sharing. Offer support to developing countries through policy advice, research and analysis, and technical assistance.

PROJECTS IN CSP



Lending Inner Mongolia Erdos 50 Parabolic Trough

Under Construction

Table 58. The World Bank




5.4.7. Other investors

Other investors in China could be Private investors or Entities as well as central and local Government

Investments. Some of the most important investment groups are Ocean Tecco and Guorun in Beijing, QingYun in

Hangzhou, Hiway Capital in Guangzhou, LXZQ in Huizhou and Green Pine Capital Partners in Shenzen.

5.4.7.1. Shenhua guohua energy investment co., ltd

Shenhua guohua energy investment co., ltd

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Shenhua guohua energy investment co., ltd

www.guohua.com.cn www.shenhuagroup.com.cn

START DATE/OWNER

1998 STATE OWNED

CONTACT INFO

20th Floor, Guohua Investment Building, No.3 South Road of Dongzhimen, Dongcheng

District, Beijing, China Tel: 0086-10- 58151709 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Founded in 1998 belongs to Shenhua Group Co. Ltd.

Mainly focus on coal has also a department of New Energies focus at the moment Wind. They have developed and financed wind projects in Hebei,

Shandong, Jiangsu, and Inner Mongolia. They are also working in some biomass and PV projects

Table 59. Shenhua guohua energy investment co.ltd

http://www.shenhuagroup.com.cn/



5.4.7.2. Heilongjiang ZhongJing new energy Co.LTD

Heilongjiang ZhongJing new energy Co., LTD.


AND LOGO

Heilongjiang ZhongJing new energy Co.,

LTD.

http://zjdxp.com/TextPage.aspx?id=12

START DATE/OWNER

2011 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO Fax: 0086 -451-82.960.839 Tel: 0086 -451-84283648

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Heilongjiang ZhongJing New Energy Co., Ltd. was established in May 2011, Ms. Dou Xiuping chairman. The company is committed to the field of new

energy R & D and investment in construction projects, based on the domestic toward South America, Southeast Asia countries and regions.

The company has a strong research team, market development team, strong

financial support, the well-known domestic and foreign enterprises and academia Union; investment in solar photovoltaic (solar thermal) power

plant construction and wind power plant construction, as well as other field of clean energy projects development and construction.

PROJECTS IN CSP PROVINCE CITY INSTALLED CAPACITY


Developer Argentina, Salta Valles

Calchaquies 20 Parabolic Trough Planning

Table 59a. Heilongjiang ZhongJing new energy Co., LTD.

Argentina may become the first South American country to build a concentrated solar power plant, according to a

report from regional government of Salta province in northern Argentina. The Salta regional government has

published in its website the signing act of a contract to build a 20 MW parabolic trough plant with thermal

storage. The expected investment in the project would meet $100 M.

The plant will be developed by Argentina's Solar Noa and China's Heilongjiang Zhongjing New Energy and Harbin

Turbine Company.

A mirrors factory to supply the plant is also proposed to be built in Salta city.

The proposed plant site is Valles Calchaquies, 7 km north of San Carlos village, on a 70 hectares area. The

construction would length 18 months and could employ 300 people.



About SolarNoa Argentina

SolarNoa Argentina, established in 2011, is a company focused in research and development of PV and CSP

projects. The company is partnering with Chinese Heilongjiang Zhongjing New Energy and Harbin Electric

Corporation.

About Harbin Turbine Company (see 5.8.7.3)

Harbin Turbine Company Limited, a Harbin Electric Corporation subsidiary, is one of the key construction projects

during the First Five-Year Plan, is a large-scale state-owned backbone enterprise in China to design and

manufacture large sized fossil turbine, nuclear turbine, industrial steam turbine, marine steam turbine and gas

turbine. At present, there is 5,600 staff in the Company, including over 1,200 technicians & engineers and nearly

400 people with senior title.



5.4.7.3. Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd,

Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd,


AND LOGO

Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd,

http://www.zjshc.com/Esanhuaweb/abou

t.asp

START DATE/OWNER

1994 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO Fax: 0086 -451-82.960.839 Tel: 0086 -451-84283648

COMPANY

DESCRIPTION

Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd, located in Xialiquan Qixing Street Xinchang County

Zhejiang Province. Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd. is controlled by Sanhua Holding

Group. And other shareholders include Zhejiang Zhongda Group and Nihon

Oriental Trading Co.,Ltd.

Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd. specializes in research, manufacture and sales of

refrigeration & air-conditioning control components.

There are many product series, such as 4 way reversing valve, service valve,

electronic expansion valve, solenoid valve, ball valve, bar-stock service valve,

copper and steel liquid receivers for compressor, drain pump, check valve,

pipe assembly, solenoid valve for refrigerator and filter drier with thousands

of models, among which 4 way reversing valve, solenoid valve, electronic

expansion valve and service.



Developer Inner Mongolia 10 Dish

Table 59b. Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd,

Source: http://cspkorea.blogspot.com/2012/09/hf-orion.html

HelioFocus Ltd., an Israel-based solar thermal systems start-up, has raised more than $10 million from China’s

Zhejiang Sanhua Co. and existing investor IC Green Energy.

HelioFocus announced the investment at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, where HelioFocus

http://www.weizmann.ac.il/



is developing its solar thermal technology to boost electricity production of existing power plants.

Sanhua, the Chinese maker of appliance components whose stock is traded on the Shenzhen stock exchange,

would be not just a financial investor in the company, but will also produce some solar thermal components, with

the aim of lower the cost of producing in China.

HelioFocus signed an agreement with Sanhua to begin construction in 2013 on a 10-megawatt solar facility in

Inner Mongolia, for the Chinese energy company TaiQing (A MOU have been signed). The facility, which will

eventually expand to 60 megawatts, will back up a 600-megawatt coal fired power plant.

Sanhua, which will hold 30 percent of HelioFocus, will invest $9.25 million directly in the company and will acquire

$1.25 million worth of shares from its founders.

IC Green Energy, the renewable energy investment arm of holding company Israel Corp, is the largest shareholder

in HelioFocus with a 40 percent stake. It will invest $2.3 million in HelioFocus alongside Sanhua's investment. The

rest of HelioFocus is held by workers and management.

In 2008, HelioFocus raised a $10 million first round of financing from IC Green Energy, and the company is also a

recipient of an $800,000 BIRD Foundation grant. The current investment from Sanhua and IC Green Energy values

HelioFocus at $45 million.

HelioFocus, whose system converts the sun's rays into hot air to produce electricity, will release its first product in

2012 and is working on a pilot project in Israel. Funds raised from Sanhua will be used by HelioFocus to continue

its research.

HelioFocus' financing announcement is the latest in a series of successes for Israeli solar thermal companies.

Siemens AG bought Israel-based Solel Solar Systems Ltd. for about $418 million in October 2009, AORA Solar

raised $5 million in February 2009, and BrightSource Energy, which conducts R&D through subsidiary

BrightSource Industries Israel, has announced a series of mega projects in the U.S. over the past year

The technology is parabolic dish concentrators, which capture the light and create temperatures of up to 650

degrees Celsius, then channel the radiation to a receiver above that heats the air. Through pipes, the air then

moves to a central heat exchange system that in turn produces hot steam, which can drive a power plant turbine.

The technology can be used as a support system for coal or oil-fired power plants, eliminating the need for

natural gas or diesel generator backup systems. While other solar thermal systems exist similar in concept to this

one, with panels feeding heat to a receiver above, the unique aspect of the HelioFocus system is its ability to heat

the air to extremely high temperatures – much higher than in other systems.

http://cleantech-israel.blogspot.com/2008/08/ic-green-energy-invests-in-heliofocus.html

http://cleantech-israel.blogspot.com/2009/11/doe-awards-grants-to-heliofocus-tigo.html



5.5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

In terms of Solar Energy, the Solar Energy Study Center certifies and tests the connectivity to the grid of the

different equipment for the State Grid Electric Power Research Institute. Also ISEC (International Solar

Engineering Center) has the main role in promotion and technology transfer relate to solar energy. The

headquarters are in Lanzhou and have the support of United Nations. But apart from these organisms, in terms of

CSP Research and Development matters the Institute of reference is IEECAS.

5.5.1. IEECAS Institute of Electrical Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences

IEE CAS concentrates the major efforts on Research and Development regarding CSP matters


AND LOGO

IEE CAS

http://english.iee.cas.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6, Beiertiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China, 100190

Tel: 0086-10-82547012 Fax: 0086-10-82547000


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is:

1. A scientific research based in electrical engineering field focusing on the high-tech research & development, and a national scientific research organization aiming at developing new technologies of electrical engineering & energy as its scientific orientation

2. In terms of Solar Energy Concentrates the research and development of CSP and PV technologies



Developer Research*

Beijing Yanqing , Badaling

1 Tower Operating

Receiver Research*

Inner Mongolia Ordos 50 PT N/A

Table 60. IEE CAS

Source * - IEE CAS Website News Center

http://www.iee.cas.cn/xwzx/ttxw/201008/t20100823_2931138.html






5.5.2. IETCAS Institute of Engineering Thermo physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences

IET CAS


AND LOGO

Institute of Engineering Thermo

physics, CAS

http://english.iet.cas.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1956 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 11 Beisihuanxi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100190

Tel: 0086-10-62554126 Fax: 0086-10-82543019


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The institute is mainly engaged in:

1. Research in the fields of energy, power and environment 2. Try to make breakthrough in light power and distributed

power supply & renewable energy; try to establish and implement the advanced energy and power system and provide innovative ideas, technology and talents for the sustainable development of energy and power in China

Table 61. IET CAS

http://english.iet.cas.cn/




5.5.3. Institute of Metal Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences

IMR CAS


AND LOGO

Institute of Metal Research, CAS

http://english.imr.cas.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1953 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China, 110016

Tel: 0086-024-23971500 Fax: 0086-024-23891320


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The institute main research objects are:

1. High-performance metal materials, inorganic non-metallic materials, and advanced composite materials

2. Research areas include: nano-scale high performance materials design and manufacturing, new energy materials and biological materials

Table 62.IMR CAS

http://english.imr.cas.cn/




5.5.4. Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, CAS


AND LOGO

Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, CAS

http://english.sic.cas.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1928 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 1295 Dingxi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, China, 200050

Tel: 0086-021-52412990 Fax: 0086-021-52413903

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The institute devotes to the study on “Advanced Inorganic Materials S&T”:

1. For the time being, the main research field covers structural ceramics and composites, inorganic functional ceramics, artificial single crystals, inorganic coatings, special glasses, biological ceramics and texture engineering material, environmental and energy source materials, etc.

2. Analysis, testing and characterization of inorganic materials as well as science and technology study on ancient ceramics, etc.


(W) TECHNOLOGY Status

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 63.Shanghai Institute of Ceramics

http://english.sic.cas.cn/



5.5.5. Changcun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanical and Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences

CIOMP, CAS


AND LOGO

Changchun Ins. Of Optics Fine

Mechanical and Physics, CAS

http://english.ciomp.cas.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1952 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Dong Nanhu Road 3888, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China, 130033

Tel: 0086-431-85686367 Fax: 0086-431-85682346


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The institute is engaged in:

1. Fundamental research, applied fundamental research, engineering technology research and high-tech industrialization

2. Researches cover the main disciplines of luminescence, applied optics, optical engineering, precision mechanics and instruments




Table 64. Changchun Ins. of Optics Fine Mechanical and Physics

http://english.ciomp.cas.cn/




5.5.6. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences

IPC CAS


AND LOGO

Technical Institute of Physics and

Chemistry, CAS

http://english.ipc.cas.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1999 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100190

Tel: 0086-10-82543770 Fax: 0086-10-62554670


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The institute mainly engages in the technological innovation and development:

1. Its general goal is to carry out applied basic research,

strategic high-tech research and commercialization 2. The key research areas include optical functional materials

and devices, new technologies of cryogenic engineering, new synthesis technologies for green chemistry, and energy materials and new technologies




Table 65. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry

http://english.ipc.cas.cn/




5.5.7. Tsinghua University

Tsinghua University


AND LOGO

Tsinghua University

http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish

/then/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

1911 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Tsinghua West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100083

Tel: 0086-10-62793001 Fax: 0086-10-62771527


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The education institute is for: 1. Training talents for the country 2. Teaching and scientific research

Table 66. Tsinghua University

5.5.8. Wuhan University of Technology

Wuhan University of Technology


AND LOGO

Wuhan University of Technology

http://english.whut.edu.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2000 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, 430070

Tel: 0086-27-87658253 Fax: 0086-27-87882395


COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 67.Wuhan University of Technology

http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/then/index.html

http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/then/index.html


http://english.whut.edu.cn/




5.5.9. Sun Yat San University

Sun Yat-San University


AND LOGO

Sun Yat-San University

http://eng.sysu.edu.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1924 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 135, Xingang West Road, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou Province, China, 510275

Tel: 0086-20-84112828 Fax: 0086-10-84115659


COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 68. Sun Yat-San University

5.5.10. Beijing University of Technology

Beijing University of Technology


AND LOGO

Beijing University of Technology

http://bjut.edu.cn/bjut_en/index.jsp

START DATE/OWNER

1960 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100022

Tel: 0086-10-67393456 Fax: 0086-10-67392319


COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 69. Beijing University of Technology

http://eng.sysu.edu.cn/


http://bjut.edu.cn/bjut_en/index.jsp




5.5.11. Xian JiaoTong University

Xi’an JiaoTong University


AND LOGO

Xi’an JiaoTong University

http://www.xjtu.edu.cn/en/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

1959 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 28, Xianning West Road Xi’an City, Shanxi Province, China, 710049

Tel: 0086-29-82668336 Fax: 0086-29-82660974


COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 70. Xi’an JiaoTong University

5.5.12. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics


AND LOGO

Beijing University of Aeronautics &

Astronautics

http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1952 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 37, XuYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, China, 100191

Tel: 0086-10-82317658 Fax: 0086-29-82339376


COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 71. Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics




http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/




5.5.13. Dongguan University of Technology

Dongwan University of Technology


AND LOGO

Dongwan University of Technology

http://www.dgut.edu.cn/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

1992 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Daxue Road, Songshanhu District, Dongwan City, Guangdong Province, China, 523808

Tel: 0086-769-22861199 Fax: 0086-769-22861680 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 72. Dongwan University of Technology

5.5.14. North China Electric Power University

North China Electric Power University


AND LOGO

North China Electric Power

University

http://english.ncepu.edu.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 2, Beinong Road, Changpin District, Beijing, China, 102206

Tel: 0086-10-80795130 Fax: 0086-10-51963514


COMPANY DESCRIPTION


Table 73. North China Electric Power University

http://www.dgut.edu.cn/index.html


http://english.ncepu.edu.cn/




5.6. PROJECT DEVELOPERS

5.6.1. Big Five Companies

As it has been advanced, the energy industry structure is dominated by the so called Big 5 which are the five

biggest utilities of China and all of them state-owned companies. These five companies generate more than 50%

of the electricity in China with around 10% each one:

1. China Huaneng 2. China Datang 3. China Huadian 4. China Guodian 5. China Power Investment Corporation

5.6.1.1. China Datang

China Datang Corporation

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China Datang Corporation

http://www.china-cdt.com/en/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1 Guangningbo Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100032

Tel: 0086-10-66586677 Fax: 0086-10-66586622

E-mail: www.china-cdt.com

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CDT is main engaged in: 1. Development, investment, construction, operation and management of power

energy. Organization of power (thermal) production and sales 2. Electric power equipment manufacture, maintenance and commissioning 3. Power technology development and consultation. Contracting and consulting of

electric power engineering 4. Renewable energy development etc.

RELATED DEPARTMENT

China Datang Corporation Renewable Power Co., Limited

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Gansu N/A 10 Parabolic Through

N/A

Developer* ** Inner Mongolia Ordos 50 N/A N/A

Table 74. China Datang Corporation



http://www.china-cdt.com/



Source: * - ADB

** - CSP Asia Forum 2012

Department 1: China Datang Corporation Renewable Power Co., Limited

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Datang Corporation Renewable Power

http://www.dtxny.com.cn/en/

START DATE/OWNER

2004 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 8/F Building 1, No. 1 Caishikou Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100053

Tel: 0086-10-83956262 Fax: 0086-10-83956555

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is devoted to: 1. Developing, planning, investing, engineering, and managing

new energy resources such as wind power etc. 2. Studying, applying, and developing low carbon technology 3. Research, sale, overhaul and maintenance of new energy

related equipments 4. Training and consulting service relating to new energy

Table 75. Datang Corporation Renewable Power

http://www.dtxny.com.cn/en/



5.6.1.2. China Guodian

China Guodian Cooperation


AND LOGO

China Guodian Group

http://www.cgdc.com.cn/english/index.jhtml

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6 Fuchengmen Bei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100034

Tel: 0086-10-58682001 Fax: 0086-10-58683900


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CGC is main engaged in: 1. Development, investment, construction, operation and

management of power generation, and the sales of power (and heat)

2. Investment, construction, operation and management business, such as coal, power generation equipment, new energy, transportation, high-tech etc.

3. Technological services and consultancy etc.

RELATED DEPARTMENT

Guodian New Energy Technology Research Institute

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Xinjiang Turpan 180K Parabolic Through

Trial operation

Developer* Xinjiang Turpan 150M N/A Planning

Table 76. China Guodian Cooperation

Source: * - ADB





Department 1: Guodian New Energy Technology Research Institute


AND LOGO

Guodian New Energy Technology Research Institute

N/A (cannot find website)

START DATE/OWNER

2009 proposed to build STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Changping District, Beijing, China Tel: N/A Fax: N/A

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is main engaged in: 1. R&D on fan 2. PV and CSP 3. Wind energy operation 4. Sea power resource analysis and evaluation 5. New geothermal power equipment research etc.

Table 77. Guodian New Energy Technology Research Institute



5.6.1.3. China Huadian

China Huadian Cooperation


AND LOGO

China Huadian Cooperation

http://www.chd.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 2 Xuanwumen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100031

Tel: 0086-10-83566666 83566633 Fax: 0086-10-83565000


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHD main businesses are:

1. Generation and supply of electricity and heat 2. Development of power-related primary energy such as coal 3. Supply of Pertinent technological service

RELATED DEPARTMENT

China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd.

Huadian New Energy Development Co., Ltd.



Developer Hebei Langfan 200K-

experiment Parabolic Trough Built

Developer Gansu Jinta 50M Parabolic Trough Planning

Developer Qinghai Golmud N/A Parabolic Trough Planning

Table 78. China Huadian Cooperation





Department 1: China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd.

http://en.chec.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 273 Xizhimen Nei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100035

Tel: 0086-10-62279999 Fax: N/A


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHEC plays an important role in developing engineering technology industry. The main business scopes are:

1. Heavy machinery 2. Environmental protection & water treatment 3. EPC service 4. New energy technology 5. Energy technology research and service 6. International trade

Table 79. China Huadian Engineering Co

Department 2: Huadian New Energy Development Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Huadian New Energy Development Co., Ltd.

http://www.chdne.com.cn/index.htm

START DATE/OWNER

2007 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO Address: Floor 7, Tower A, China Huadian Building

No. 2 Xuanwumen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100031 Tel: 0086-10-83567500 Fax: N/A E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The main business lies in new energy projects, including:

1. Investment, construction, production and sales of electric power, including wind energy, water energy, solar energy and biomass energy etc.

2. Whole process management of new energy projects engineering construction and installation, commissioning, operation and supervision

3. New energy application technology development and consultation

Table 80. Huadian New Energy Development Co., Ltd







5.6.1.4. China Huaneng

China Huaneng Group

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China Huaneng Group

http://www.chng.com.cn/eng/

START DATE/OWNER

1985 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6 Fuxingmen Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100031

Tel: 0086-10-63228800 Fax: 0086-10-63228866

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHNG is main engaged in: 4. Development, investment, construction, operation and management

of power sources 5. Production and sale of power and heat 6. Energy transportation, renewable energy etc.

RELATED DEPARTMENT

Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute

Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Hainan Sanya 1.5 Linear Fresnel Running

Developer* Xinjiang N/A 200 N/A Planning

Developer* Tibet Lhasa 50 N/A Planning

Developer** Qinghai N/A 50/100 N/A Planning

Table 81. China Huaneng Group

Source: * - ADB

** -World CSP Asia Forum 2012




Department 1: Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute

http://www.hnceri.com/index.aspx#

START DATE/OWNER

1985 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Floor 26, Yingdu Building A, No. 48-1, Zhichun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100190

Tel: N/A Fax: N/A

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CERI is main engaged in: 1. Technology development, transfer and service, key

equipment research and project implementation in the area of coal power generation and transformation, clean and renewable energy, and greenhouse gas control etc.

Table 82. Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute

Department 2: Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited

http://en.hnr.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: 10-11 Floor, Huaneng Building, No. 23 A, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100036

Tel: 0086-10-68221618/2022 Fax: 0086-10-68223990

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The company is specialized in services including: 1. New energy (such as wind power, solar energy, and biomass

energy etc.) related exploitation, design, investment & construction and operation management

2. R&D, sales, detection and maintenance of new energy related equipment

3. Services including training and consultancy with respect to new energy businesses

Table 83. Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited

http://www.hnceri.com/index.aspx

http://en.hnr.com.cn/



5.6.1.5. China Power Investment Corporation

China Power Investment Cooperation


AND LOGO

China Power Investment Corporation

http://eng.cpicorp.com.cn/ www.zdt.com.cn

START

DATE/OWNER 2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Building 3, No. 28, Financial Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100140

Tel: 0086-10-66298000 Fax: 0086-10-66298095


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

China Power Investment Corporation (CPI) was established from the old state owned company SP. CPI main businesses are:

1. Generation and supply of electricity and heat 2. Power technology development and consultation 3. Renewable energy development etc. 4. Taking part in the development, investment, construction,

operation and administration of the main important sources of energy, production and commercialization of electric energy (thermal)

5. Supplying of transmission equipment. 6. Construction Engineer and Supervision, bids and tenders,

materials distribution, equipment maintenance, scientific development,… specially for energy

7. Dealing with investment and finance of companies’ national and International in terms of domestic laws and approvals between different sectors.

8. Developing Business, International cooperation, International contracts based on governmental approval.

RELATED DEPARTMENT

Department of New Energy within the company, no details and website



Developer Qinghai Golmud 10 or 100-1st

phase N/A Started

Developer Qinghai Golmud 1000-2nd

phase N/A Planning

Table 84. China Power Investment Cooperation

http://eng.cpicorp.com.cn/



5.6.2. Other important Developers

5.6.2.1. CGN (China Guangdong Nuclear) Solar Energy

China Guangdong Nuclear Solar Energy

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China Guangdong Nuclear Solar Energy

http://www.cgnsedc.com.cn/n3814122/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

2009 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Floor 21, Jinyu Building, Xinsanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100048

Tel: 0086-10-68461272 Fax: 0086-10-68460583

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CGN Solar Energy main businesses are:

1. Investment, construction and O&M of solar power station 2. Integration of solar power generation and related technology,

including CSP and PV and energy storage etc. 3. Appropriate intervention and investment in the solar energy

industry chain technology R&D

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Qinghai Delingha 50 PT+Fresnel*** Started

Developer* Gansu Wuwei Four 50 PT** Planning

Developer* Gansu Jiuquan 50 N/A Planning

Table 85. China Guangdong Nuclear Solar Energy

Source: * - ADB

** - State Grid

*** - CGN





5.6.2.2. Lenon Group

Lenon New Energy

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Inner Mongolia Lenon New Energy Co., Ltd.

http://www.lenon.cn/english/index.ph

p

START DATE/OWNER

2005 TBD

CONTACT INFO

Address: 6th Floor in Chuangye Building, 117 West New Town Street Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Province, China, 750002

Tel: 0086-0471 6282326 Fax: 0086-0471 6283477 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Lenon New Energy focuses on Technical & Business Advice in the following areas:

1. Wind power generate 2. Solar-energy generate 3. Bio-energy generate

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Inner Mongolia Ordos 50 PT** Preparatio

n Work

Table 86. Lenon New Energy

Source: * - ADB

** - http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/285841082.html

http://www.lenon.cn/english/index.php

http://www.lenon.cn/english/index.php

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/285841082.html



5.6.2.3. Hanas New Energy Group

Hanas New Energy Group

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Hanas New Energy Group

http://www.hanas.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1999 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

New Energy Department Address: No. 20, Innovation Park

Jinfeng District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Province, China, 750002 Tel: 0086-951 5672585 Fax: 0086-951 5011688

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Hanas New Energy main businesses are:

1. City gas operation and natural gas central heating supply system as the basis

2. New energy mainly in wind energy 3. Cogeneration cooling heating and power 4. Natural gas liquefaction 5. Gas and heat supply service

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Ningxia Yanchi 92.5 PT solar and natural gas

combined cycle Started

Table 87. Hanas New Energy Group

Source: * - ADB




5.6.2.4. Shanghai Gongdian

Shanghai Gongdian

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Shanghai Gongdian Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

http://www.gdecorp.cn/index.htm

START DATE/OWNER

2006 Joint Stock Company

CONTACT INFO

Beijing Branch Address: Room 304, No. 1 North Floor, Liupukang Street

Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 750002 Tel: 0086-10-82032378 Fax: 0086-10-82035924

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Shanghai GD Energy is developer, R&D, and Manufacturer of CSP:

1. Tower 2. Parabolic through 3. Disk

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Qinghai Golmud** 100 Tower Plan

Table 88.Shanghai Gongdian

Source: * - ADB

** - Internet http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/285841082.html





5.6.2.5. Tianwei Solar Thermal Power Co. Ltd

Tianwei (Chengdu) Solar Thermal Power Development Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Tianwei (Chengdu) Solar Thermal

Power Development Co., Ltd.

http://www.twnesolar.com/index.php

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Tianwei Road, Southwest Airport Economic Development Zone, Chengdu, China, 610200

Tel: 0086-28 67050047 Fax: 0086-28 67050038


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

TWNE engages in the entire value chain of the PV industry:

1. R&D, manufacturing, sales and service of polysilicon materials, silicon wafers, PV cells, PV modules, and PV systems

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer Sichuan Xichang*** 100 PT, Tower*** Plan

Developer – allied with

Datang Renewable

Power*

Gansu JiaYuGuan** 1.5 PT Started

Developer – allied with

Datang Renewable

Power*

Inner Mongolia Ordos 50 N/A TBD

Table 90. Tianwei (Chengdu) Solar Thermal Power Development Co., Ltd.

Source: * - ADB

** - State Grid

*** - Internet http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/285841082.html

http://www.twnesolar.com/index.php





5.6.2.6. Tianjin Solar and Environmental Corporation22

Tianjin Solar & Environmental Corp.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Tianwei (Chengdu) Solar Thermal

Power Development Co., Ltd.

www.solar-etc.com

START DATE/OWNER

2007 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 9, Tianjin Road, Zhangjiawo Industry Park, Xiqing District, Tianjin, China, 300380

Tel: 0086-22 17971001 Fax: 0086-22 23833085


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It provides:

1. Solar thermal energy systems (CSP integrated solution provider)

2. Manufacture and sell fluidizer ultra-low flush toilet

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Gansu N/A 100 Multi-disk N/A

Table 91. Tianjin Solar & Environmental Corp.

Source: * - ADB

22 The company entered into bankruptcy

http://www.solar-etc.com/




5.6.2.7. Beijing Kangtuo

Beijing Control Industrial Computer Corp.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Beijing Control Industrial Computer

Corp.

http://www.ktgongkong.com/

START DATE/OWNER

1988 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Kangtuo Technology Building, No. 61, Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100190

Tel: 0086-10 62522558 Fax: 0086-10 62525156


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It mainly R&D and manufacture:

1. Industrial PC 2. Automatic equipment and test platform

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Ningxia N/A 100 PT N/A

Table 92. Beijing Control Industrial Computer Corp.

Source: * - ADB

http://www.ktgongkong.com/




5.6.2.8. China Three Gorge Corporation

China Three Gorge Corporation

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China Three Gorge Corporation

http://www.ctg.com.cn/en/index.php

START DATE/OWNER

1993 STATE OWNED

CONTACT INFO

No. 1, Yuyuantan South Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China Tel: 0086-10-57081752 Fax 0086-10-57082000


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CTGPC mainly focus on hydro, was responsible for construction of the Three

Gorges Dam-project, the world largest hydroelectric power plant that went

into operation in 2008.

In 2002, CTGC established the subsidiary company China Yangtze Power,

which took over operations and management of Gezhouba and Three Gorges

dams.

CTGPC also own 21.35% of EDP.

Table 93. China Three Gorge Corporation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Yangtze_Power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezhouba_Dam



5.6.2.9. Guangdong Yudean Group Co.Ltd

Guangdong Yudean Group Co.Ltd

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Guangdong Yudean Group Co.Ltd

www.gdyd.com

START DATE/OWNER

1890 STATE OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Yudean Plaza, No. 2, Tianhe East Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China Tel: 0086-20-85138888Fax 0086-20-85136666


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

In 1890 the first illumination line in Guandong. The company is 76% Guandong Government and 25% Huadian Corporation.

Is the first company in China for plant desulfurization in electric generation.

Table 94. Guangdong Yudean Group Co.Ltd



5.6.2.10. CAMDA

CAMDA

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

CAMDA

http://www.camda.cc/index.aspx?lang

e=en

START DATE/OWNER

1998 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Tangchun Industrial Zone, Liaobu Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong, China, 523407

Tel: 0086-769 88996200 Fax: 0086-769 88996200


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It can provide global services in a whole package for:

1. Diesel powered, PT CSP powered, and biogas powered plants, including design, manufacturing, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance

2. In PT CSP, the only one commands the manufacturing technology for high temperature glass vacuum heat-collecting tube

3. Manufacture heat-collecting tube, reflecting mirror, and tracking system

PROJECTS IN CSP



Receiver Test* Jiangsu N/A 50 PT Finished

Generation System*

N/A N/A 56 PT Finished

Developer** TBD TBD 100 PT TBD

Table 95. CAMDA

Source: * - CAMDA http://www.camda.cc/newsShow.aspx?id=537&lange=ch

http://www.camda.cc/newsShow.aspx?id=499&lange=ch


5.7. MATERIALS

http://www.camda.cc/index.aspx?lange=en








5.7.1. Shandong Jinjing Technology Co.Ltd

Shandong Jinjing Technology Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Shandong Jinjing Technology Co.,

Ltd.

http://en.cnggg.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2004 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Hi-tech Development Zone, Zibo City, Shandong Province, China, 255086


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Jinjing is mainly engaged in:

1. Product development, production, processing and management of glass, soda, and their extension

2. Gradually step into the solar new materials, energy efficiency material field



Glass Manufacturer

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 96. Shandong Jinjing Technology Co., Ltd.

http://en.cnggg.cn/




5.7.2. Lanzhou Blue Sky Float Glass Co.Ltd

Lanzhou Blue Sky Float Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO


http://www.ltffbl.com/ltothers.php?page=60

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 177, Xigu, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China, 730060


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It mainly manufacture:

1. Float glass, tempered glass, hollow glass, and glass mirror etc.



Glass Manufacturer

and Mirror Supplier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 97. Lanzhou Blue Sky Float Co., Ltd.






5.7.3. Jiuquan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd

Jiuquan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Jiuquan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.

http://www.jiugang.com/structure/shouye/index

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 12, Xiongguan East Road, Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province, China, 735100

Tel: 0086-937-6712505 Fax: 0086-937-6226872-2505 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

JISCO is a combined icon & steel company with the main business scope:

1. Mining, beneficiation, sintering, iron-making, steel making and steel rolling

2. Sectors as resources exploration, co-generation, mechanical manufacture, building construction, real estate, construction material, ferro-alloy, brewing, farming and planting, etc.



Steel and Steel Structure

Manufacturer N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 98. Jiuquan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.






5.7.4. Zhejiang Wanxiang Group

Zhejiang Wanxiang Group


AND LOGO

Zhejiang Wanxiang Group

http://wxautoparts.globalimporter.net/

START DATE/OWNER

1969 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Shengxing Road 1#, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 311215

Tel: 0086-571-82861220 Fax: 0086-571-82602358

Mr. Zhan Basah, E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Wanxiang Group is a manufacturer. Products/services tt offers are:

1. Universal joints, bearing, driveshafts, CV joints, break series, shock absorbers, auto wipers, rubber parts, polymer lithium batteries and PV solar module



Automobile Parts


Table 99. Zhejiang Wanxiang Group






5.7.5. Xinglian Baoan New Energy Mining Co.Ltd

Xinjiang Baoan New Energy Mining Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Xinjiang Baoan New Energy Mining

Co., Ltd.

http://baoanmining.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2008 JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES

CONTACT INFO

Address: Halasu Farm North, Shanghu Town, Kuerle City, Xinjiang, China, 841000

Tel: 0086-996-2021126 Fax: 0086-996-2036692


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

At present the main business is:

1. Audalusite mineral mining, processing, and sales



Andalusite Product Supplier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 100. Xinjiang Baoan New Energy Mining Co., Ltd.

http://baoanmining.cn/




5.7.6. Weifang Changsheng Nitrate Co. Ltd

Weifang Changsheng Nitrate Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Weifang Changsheng Nitrate Co.,

Ltd.

http://www.wfcsxygs.com/en/index.asp

START DATE/OWNER

1986 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Zhuliu Industrial Park, Changle County Weifang City, Shandong Province, China, 262404

Tel: 0086-536-6711131 Fax: 0086-536-6712131


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It focus on:

1. Manufacture, research, development and sales, with advanced production process and high technical ability

2. Major products are nitrate, (at present, the total annual output of molten salt, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrate, barium nitrate and calcium nitrate has reached 120 thousand tons)



Molten Salt Supplier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 101. Weifang Changsheng Nitrate Co., Ltd.






5.7.7. Xiaxiang Yunli Chemical Co. Ltd

Xiaxiang Yunli Chemical Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Xiaxian Yunli Chemical Co., Ltd.

http://www.xxylhg.com/en/

START DATE/OWNER

2005 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Nandali Industrial Park, Xia County Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, China, 044400

Tel: 0086-351-7033903 Fax: 0086-351-7033901


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It mainly engaged in:

1. Chemical research, development, production of chemicals 2. Main products are sugar alcohol hydrogenation catalyst,

chromium salts and series of nitrate product



Molten Salt Supplier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 102. Xiaxian Yunli Chemical Co., Ltd.

http://www.xxylhg.com/en/




5.8. COMPONENTS

5.8.1. Mirrors

In this chapter some example of Chinese companies are showed. Zhejiang Daming Glass Co., Ltd. Is the

most important company involved in solar but there are other big glass manufacturer companies in

China that could join the market soon, such as http://www.taiwanglass.com/,

http://www.southtech.cn/ or http://www.csgholding.com/.

5.8.1.1. Zhejiang Daming Glass Co. Ltd

Zhejiang Daming Glass Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Zhejiang Daming Glass Co., Ltd.

http://www.damingglass.com/en/

START DATE/OWNER

2007 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 7, Jianshe No. 4 Road, Xiaoshan Economic & Technological Development Zone

Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 311215 Tel: 0086-571-22862781 Fax: 0086-571-56161718

Ms. Nie, Li, E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Its business is:

1. By integrating production of new energy glass, ultra clear float glass, high-quality copper-free silver & aluminum mirror and deep-processing of glass



Mirror Supplier and Solar Field

Integration N/A N/A N/A PT, Tower, Disk N/A

Table 103. Zhejiang Daming Glass Co., Ltd.

http://www.damingglass.com/en/




5.8.1.2. Rayspower Co. Ltd

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Rayspower New Energy Co., Ltd.

http://www.rayspower.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2005 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Floor 12, Tower A of North Star Century Center, No.8 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100101


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Rayspower is a professional solution supplier for solar power plants and has formed a structure composed of two levels:

1. One focusing on EPC of large-scaled photovoltaic and

concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. 2. Another focusing on R & D and manufacture of solar

mirrors.

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer and EPC*

Xinjiang Turpan 2*50 Parabolic Trough

Planning

Mirror Manufacturer**

Sichuan Chengdu 800 N/A Operating

Table 104. Rayspower New Energy Co., Ltd.

Source: * - RaysPower

** - From RaysPower website news center

http://www.cppc360.com/bencandy.php?fid=159&id=27562



http://www.cppc360.com/bencandy.php?fid=159&id=27562



5.8.1.3. Lanzhou Blue Sky Float Glass Co. Ltd



AND LOGO



START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 177, Xigu, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China, 730060


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It mainly manufacture:

1. Float glass, tempered glass, hollow glass, and glass mirror etc.



Glass Manufacturer

and Mirror Supplier

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A







5.8.1.4. Beijing TeraSolar Photothermal Technologies Co. Ltd

Beijing TeraSolar Photothermal Technologies Co. Ltd


LOGO

Beijing TeraSolar Photothermal Technologies Co. Ltd

http://www.terasolar.com.cn/english/index.asp

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Add：No.558 Baipenyao Village South Fengtai District Beijing China

Tel：+86 10-83731868 Fax：+86 10-83865286

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Beijing TeraSolar Photothermal Technologies Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research and development, manufacture and marketing services of solar mirrors (main product), concentrating collectors, thermal storage systems, solar tracking devices and supporting structures.


CAPACITY (W) TECHNOLOGY Status

Glass Manufacturer and

Mirror Supplier N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 105a. Beijing TeraSolar Photothermal Technologies Co. Ltd



5.8.2. Receiver

5.8.2.1. IEECAS

IEE CAS in collaboration with HIMIN


AND LOGO

IEE CAS


START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6, Beiertiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China, 100190

Tel: 0086-10-82547012 Fax: 0086-10-82547000


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is:

1. A scientific research based in electrical engineering field focusing on the high-tech research & development, and a national scientific research organization aiming at developing new technologies of electrical engineering & energy as its scientific orientation



Developer* Beijing Yanqing , Badaling

1 Tower Operating

Receiver* Inner

Mongolia Ordos 50 PT N/A

Table 106. IEECAS

Source * - IEE CAS http://www.iee.cas.cn/xwzx/ttxw/201008/t20100823_2931138.html

IEE-CAS (Institute of Electrical Engineering and Chinese academy of Science) is an R&D Institute in PRC and a key

laboratory of solar thermal energy and photovoltaic Systems since 1979. The majors covered are electricity and

electronics technology, power system, automatic control, mechanical design, structure technique, solar cells,

material engineering physics etc. Their Research fields are:

1) Solar thermal power technology and system integration

2) Photovoltaic power generation system






5.8.2.2. Himin Solar Energy

Himin Solar Energy


AND LOGO

Himin Solar Energy

http://www.himin.com/english/

START DATE/OWNER

1995 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Sun-Moon Mansion, Solar Valley Road, Economic Development Zone

Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China, 451200 Tel: 0086-534-5089801 Fax: 0086-534-2312784

Director: David Zhang E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Himin Solar focuses on:

1. Producing solar water heaters, solar collectors, split solar water heating systems, vacuum tubes to the advanced technology: solar power generation, solar air-conditioning, solar swimming pool and seawater desalination etc.

2. R&D team continues to pioneer technology advances in clean energy



R&D* Shandong Dezhou 2.5 TBD Linear Fresnel/PT Finished

Receiver** Inner

Mongolia Ordos 50 PT N/A

Table 107. Himin Solar Energy

Source * - http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6a64ad010100luin.html

** - IEE CAS http://www.iee.cas.cn/xwzx/ttxw/201008/t20100823_2931138.html but not confirmed

Himin Solar Co., Ltd, founded in June 1995, is located in solar valley in Dezhou city, China where they are also developing a 2,5 Fresnel plant. The headquarter covers an area of 2 million square meters, total staff around 7000, with 400 senior R&D professionals. International supplier of CSP core components---Fresnel receiver and Parabolic trough receiver, main supplier of solar water heater & collector, integrator of solar energy and architecture, organizer of the 4th ISCI (International Solar City Initiative). Main business: absorber tube (Fresnel receiver, Parabolic trough receiver) for CSP, solar process heating system, solar air-conditioning, solar seawater desalination, etc. Himin Solar absorber tubes have been exported to Spain, German, Australia, India, etc.



http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6a64ad010100luin.html




5.8.2.3. Beijing Sunda and Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute (BSERI)

SUNDA – Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME, WEBSITE AND LOGO

Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

http://www.sundasolar.com/

START DATE/OWNER 1995 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 10, Da Yang Fang, Beiyuan Road Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 100012

Tel: 0086-10-57930251 57930245 Fax: 0086-10-57930220

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is a worldwide leading manufacturer of evacuated tube solar collectors is currently focusing on:

1. R & D and manufacture of products in the solar

thermal industry.

PROJECTS IN CSP Province/ Country

CITY INSTALLED CAPACITY

TECHNOLOGY Status

Korea thermal electricity system

Korea Gwangju N/A PT Finished

Receiver R&D and Manufacturer*

Hebei Langfang 200 kw PT Finished

Receiver R&D and

Manufacturer* Beijing Beijing 12 m PT Finished

Receiver R&D and

Manufacturer* Hunan Yuanling 200 kw PT Finished

Table 108. Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

Source: * - Sunda website

Sunda is closely co-operating with the affiliated BSERI, enforcing our continuing effort to rather define the

development and the utilization of solar thermal products than to follow others. Sunda has been among the

pioneers in the solar thermal industry. Lots of certificates of international institutes are conjointly proofing the

standard-bearing quality of our products.



http://www.beijingsunpu.com.cn/



Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute - BSERI

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute - BSERI

www.beijingsunpu.com.cn

START DATE/OWNER

1979 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

3 Hua Yuan Road Haidian District

Beijing, 100083,China Phone:86-10-62001008

Fax:86-10-62374906

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Group of Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute (referred as North Pacific Group) was established in 1979, the Beijing Municipal Government direct

approval to set up China's first solar professional research institution.

Today, the North Pacific Group has become the most R & D capabilities in the solar industry, scientific research, production and sales of high-tech group company, and enjoys a high reputation in the international arena.

PROJECTS IN CSP

Province CITY INSTALLED CAPACITY

TECHNOLOGY Status

Receiver R&D Tibet Gwangju N/A PT Finished

Table 108a. Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute - BSERI

Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute involved in the construction of Solar Energy Research and Pilot Centre of

Tibet Autonomous Regions.

Established in 1979, BSERI is the largest professional solar energy research and development institution in China.

It has all along been dedicated to the research and development of solar energy thermal application technologies

and solar power generation technologies, and has attained a certain achievements in terms of quantum efficiency

and the reduction of costs. It has won a number of awards including the National Invention Award, the First Prize

of Beijing S&T Advancement, and the Famous Brand of Beijing.

From 2001 to 2004, BSERI was engaged in the scientific and technological project in Tibet sponsored by Beijing

Municipality and Sinopec Corp. During the three years, BSERI was responsible for the promotion of solar PV

power stations, solar energy power supplying systems for small households and solar energy water heater in

Lhasa, Naqu and Shuanghu Special Administrative Region in Tibet. It successfully installed 2,000 sets of solar

energy power supplying systems, 150 sets of solar energy street lamps and over 10,000 square meters of solar

energy water heaters and therefore has accumulated rich working experiences in Tibet.



5.8.2.4. Huayuan New Energy

Huayuan New Energy


AND LOGO

Huayuan New Energy

http://www.hyne.cn/english/default.asp

START DATE/OWNER

2006 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 587, Jinhua Rd. Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China, 253034

Tel: 0086-534-5011388 Fax: 0086-534-5010366

Director: David Zhang E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

HYNE is specialty on the research and application spread of the new energy technology, the scope of business is mainly on:

1. The design, construction and services of solar mid-high

temperature projects (solar boilers reconstruction) and large-scale constant temperature biogas project, design and planning of new energy, environmental protection and save energy project.



Mirror/Receiver R&D and

Manufacturer* Xinjiang Turpan 350 N/A

180 KW commissio

ning

Table 109. Huayuan New Energy

Source: * - http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/201174299.html







5.8.2.5. Linuo Solar Thermal Group Co. Ltd

Linuo Solar Thermal Group Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Linuo Solar Thermal Group Co., Ltd.

http://www.linuo.com/en/

START DATE/OWNER

1994 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 30099 Ji’nan Jingshidong Road, Ji’nan City, Shandong Province, China, 250103


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Linuo focuses on two business, Sunshine Economy and Health Industry, including:

1. Solar energy, Chinese & Western pharmaceutical, special

glass, organic chemicals, and become one of the most influential enterprise in new energy field in the whole world



Receiver R&D N/A N/A N/A PT Succeed

up to 400°C

Table 109. Linuo Solar Thermal Group Co., Ltd.

Source * - Tsinghua University

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7eb659270100y5qd.html

http://www.linuo.com/en/


http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7eb659270100y5qd.html



5.8.2.6. Sunrain New Energy

Sunrain New Energy


AND LOGO

Sunrain New Energy

http://en.sunrain.com/

START DATE/OWNER


CONTACT INFO

Address: Ninghai Industrial Zone, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China, 222243

Tel: 0086-518-85959806 85959886 Fax: 0086-518-85959808 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Sunrain is an innovation-driven renewable energy enterprise, specialized in:

1. Research and application of solar energy 2. Manufacture and marketing campaign 3. Solar energy water heater, solar thermal utilization products,

solar heating system, solar energy air-conditioning system, air and related product



Receiver R&D and


Table 111. Sunrain New Energy

http://en.sunrain.com/




5.8.2.7. Huiyin Group

Huiyin Group


AND LOGO

Huiyin Group

http://en.huiyin-group.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Room 810-811, Block A, Fudun Center, No. 58, East 3rd Ring Road,

Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100022 Tel: 0086-10-58674938 Fax: 0086-10-58674932


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The Company is mainly engaged in R&D, manufacturing, sales and case solution of:

1. High, medium and low temperature equipment



Receiver R&D and


Table 112. Huiyin Group

On May, 8th, 1992, the Ven brothers took over Luz and successfully restarted the activities as Solel. After the sell-

out of Solel, HUIYIN-GROUP was founded and turned to first develop and later produce HCE in 2002. With

headquarters located in Beijing CBD district and a 20.000 m² factory located in the prime industrial zone in Weihai

Shandong, Huiyin is well placed today to offer a wide variety of vacuum tubes to suit all solar thermal processes.

Equiped with ISO 9001 and ISO 14000 and a variety of industrial production and quality standards Huiyin can

serve the most demanding customers.

HUIYIN-GROUP, offers a wide range of industrial vacuum tubes, in standard lengths (4060mm) diameters (70, 80

and 90 mm) and a standard 3 mm wall thickness. HUIYIN-GROUP has a long-term strategic cooperation

relationship with most of the international and domestic universities and institutions with a focus on solar

thermal energy.





5.8.2.8. Lanzhou Dacheng Technology Co. Ltd

Lanzhou Dacheng Technology Co., Ltd.


LOGO

Lanzhou Dacheng Technology Co., Ltd.

http://www.lzdctc.com/w/Default.htm#

START DATE/OWNER


CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 88, Anning West Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China, 730070

Tel: 0086-931-4956018 4956371 Fax: 0086-931-4956371


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Automation control technology is the foundation. It is a leading provider and manufacturer in:

1. Green coating equipment, green coating new materials equipment 2. Concentrating solar power application products series 3. Electronic railway signal system solutions


CAPACITY (W) TECHNOLOGY Status

Receiver R&D and Manufacturer*

Gansu Lanzhou 200 K PT+Linear Fresnel Operating

Receiver R&D and Manufacturer

Qinghai Delingha N/A Linear Fresnel Under

Construction

Table 113. Lanzhou Dacheng Technology Co., Ltd.

Source * - CSP Asia Forum 2012

http://www.lzdctc.com/w/Default.htm




5.8.2.9. Beijing Tianruixing Solar Thermal Technology Co. Ltd

CASC – China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Beijing Tianruixing Solar Thermal Technology Co. Ltd

http://www.spaceman.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2000 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No.5, MinZuYuan Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China 100029 Tel: 0086-10-82994561 68116401

Fax: 0086-10-62387839 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is a receiver manufacturer for solar power plants and is currently focusing on:

1. R & D and manufacture of solar receivers

PROJECTS IN CSP



Receiver R&D and


Table 114. Beijing Tianruixing Solar Thermal Technology Co. Ltd

Aries Ingeniería y Sistemas, leader in renewable energies, will be the technological partner for CSP projects with

the Chinese company Beijing TianRuiXing Vacuum Technology Development.

TianRuiXing, a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), is a company that is

dedicated to renewable energies and the thermosolar sector. Aries Ingeniería y Sistemas and TianRuiXing have

come together to begin collaboration on diverse thermosolar projects.

Aries Ingeniería y Sistemas has a portfolio of over 1,000 MW in international renewable energy projects. The

company is currently developing plants in the USA, Spain, Romania, and Bulgaria, as well as participating in the

construction of various renewable energy power plants in Gujarat (India), and working on CSP projects in Egypt,

Jordan, Morocco, Oman, the UAE, and Chile.




5.8.2.10. Shenzhen Weizhen Solar Energy Products Co. Ltd

Shenzhen Weizhen Solar Energy Products Co. Ltd

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Shenzhen Weizhen Solar Energy Products Co. Ltd

http://www.wzsolar.com.cn/#

START DATE/OWNER

2007 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Longgang District Sakata in Hao Weizhen Industrial City Industrial Park Tel :86 -755-33283655 Fax :86 -755-33283677


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Weizhen Solar Products Co., Ltd. of Shenzhen, is a professional private enterprise

manufacturing solar collector tube, to complete the formation of the end of 2007. The company's research and development of metal vacuum tube (also known as solar

through tubes) obtained national patent.

PROJECTS IN CSP



Receiver R&D and


Table 114a. Shenzhen Weizhen Solar Energy Products Co. Ltd

Shenzhen Weizhen Solar Energy Product Co.,Ltd is a private professional manufacturer focusing on the

production of vacuum metal solar energy collector tube. It was established at the end of 2007 and owned

national patent to develop their own developed products. The product is also called solar energy straight tube in

the market.

2009 Global Renewable Energy "Blue Sky Awards" Results "CSP solar direct vacuum tube Oceanlinx wave energy

technology, awarded in 2009 the world's ten most investment value of the field of renewable energy technology "

Blue Sky Award". In 2009 Shenzhen International Symposium on Renewable Energy Technology and Investment

(RETI) gave World's ten most investment value in the field of renewable energy leading technology blue sky

Award (BA). The Award Presentation Ceremony was held in Shenzhen.



5.8.2.11. Royal Tech. Solar Co. Ltd

Royal Tech. Solar Co. Ltd

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Royal Tech. Solar Co. Ltd

http://www.royalcsp.com/en/about.asp

START DATE/OWNER

2009 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Room 1504-1505, Building B, World Trade Center Changzhou, Jiangsu Contacter:Mr. Dou

Tel: +86 519 8980 3570 ext 8111 Fax: +86 519 8980 3562

Zip: 213161 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Royal Tech Solar, located in Wujin, one of the fastest developing coastal districts in East China in Jiangsu Province. The Company is focus on the most updated renewable energy

technology and provide good solutions for the challenge of Global warming. Three business line activities:

Receiver

Trough

Oil in cooperation with Solutia

PROJECTS IN CSP


TECHNOLOGY Status

Receiver R&D and

Manufacturer Jiangsu Changzhou 100 m Parabolic Trough Finished

Receiver R&D and

Manufacturer

Inner Mongolia

600 m Parabolic Trough Under

Construction

Table 114b. Shenzhen Weizhen Solar Energy Products Co. Ltd

Royal Tech Solar is a high-tech enterprise specialized in Concentration Solar Power R&D and application. They open up this new industry in China, which will bring more advantages for this industry from cost reduction by large-scaled and localized high technology application. Royal Tech have designed, produced and built a 100 meters trough loop, using VP-1 as heat transfer fluid in temperature cycle testing. They have also formed they own large scale production and quality control system of HCEs and collectors.



5.8.3. Support Structure

5.8.3.1. Beijing Jingcheng Cailong Steel Structure Co. Ltd.

Beijing Jingcheng Cailong Steel Structure Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Beijing Jingcheng Cailong Steel

Structure Co., Ltd.

http://www.jccl.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2000 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: (No. 8, Zhaoli Industrial Zone) Hugezhuang Industrial Zone, Lucheng Town,

Tongzhou District, Beijing, China, 101117 Tel: 0086-010-69599666

Fax: 0086-010-69599148-810 E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It mainly engages in:

1. Steel structure technology development, production, and installation



Support Structure

Manufacturing and Installing*

Beijing Yanqing , Badaling

N/A PT Finished

Support Structure

Manufacturing and Installing*

Guandong Zhongshan N/A PT Finished

Table 115. Beijing Jingcheng Cailong Steel Structure Co., Ltd.

Source: * - Beijing Jingcheng Cailong Steel Structure Co., Ltd.

http://www.jccl.com.cn/detail.asp?newsid=13


http://www.jccl.com.cn/






5.8.3.2. Jiangsu Henglida Machine Co. Ltd.

Jiangsu Henglida Machine Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Jiangsu Henglida Machine Co., Ltd.

http://www.henglidagroup.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6, Chengnanlaoge Industrial Zone Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province, China, 213100

Tel: 0086-523-83594888 Fax: 0086-523-83738188


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is specialized in producing hydraulic series complete sets of equipment enterprise. The main products are:

1. Hydraulic push rod series, hydraulic tool series,

electromagnetic valve series, oil cylinder series etc.




Table 116. Jiangsu Henglida Machine Co., Ltd.

http://www.henglidagroup.com/




5.8.3.3. Baotou Hydraulic Mechanical Plant

Baotou Hydraulic Mechanical Plant

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Baotou Hydraulic Mechanical Plant

http://www.btyeya.com/index.php?lang=en

START DATE/OWNER

1992 LLC

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 23, Xiao Yuan South Road, Rare Earth High-Tech Industry Development Zone,

Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, China, 014030 Tel: 0086-472-5185208 Fax: 0086-472-5185259


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is specialized in hydraulic machine design and manufacture. The main products are:

1. Hydraulic cylinder, cylinder, hydraulic, lubrication, pneumatic

system and a dedicated set of non-standard equipment

PROJECTS IN CSP




Table 117. Baotou Hydraulic Mechanical Plant

http://www.btyeya.com/index.php?lang=en




5.8.4. Control System

5.8.4.1. Beijing Tianyi Energy Technology

Beijing Tianyi Energy Technology


AND LOGO

Beijng Tianyi Energy Technology

http://www.bjtyjx.net/

START DATE/OWNER

2006 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Xingye Building Floor 5-Zone D, Baifuquan Road, Changping District, Beijing, China, 102200


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is specialized in:

1. Remote sensing and aerial photogrammetry, geographic information system applications and software development

2. Now expanded to energy development



Control System N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 118. Beijing Tianyi Energy Technology

http://www.bjtyjx.net/




5.8.4.2. Zhejiang Supcon Solar Energy

Zhejiang Supcon Solar Energy

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Zhejiang Supcon Solar Energy

http://solar.supcon.com/

START DATE/OWNER

1993 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: SUPCON park, No. 309, Liuhe Road, Binjiang District Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, 310053

Tel: 0086-571-86667361 Fax: 0086-571-86667318


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is:

1. Specialized in solar thermal power generation (CSP) technology research and technical solutions development

2. Solar thermal power generation core technologies of the overall solutions and design

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Qinghai Delingha 50 Tower** Started

Table 119. Zhejiang Supcon Solar Energy

Source: * - State Grid

** - Internet http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/285841082.html

http://solar.supcon.com/





5.8.4.3. Beijing Guodian Zhishen Control Technology Co. Ltd

Beijing Guodian Zhishen Control Technology Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Beijing Guodian Zhishen Control

Technology Co., Ltd.

http://www.gdzhishen.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 16, Nanzhong Road, Nanshao Town, Changping District, Beijing, China, 102200

Tel: 0086-010-82813788 Fax: 0086-010-82813780

Ms. Nie, Li, E-mail: [email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It engages in:

1. Important technical equipment automatic control system R&D, design, manufacturing, and application



Distributed Control System

Provider* Beijing

Yanqing , Badaling

1 Tower Operating

Table 120. Beijing Guodian Zhishen Control Technology Co., Ltd.

Source * - Internet http://www.cngk.org.cn/news/12/16490.html

http://www.gdzhishen.com/


http://www.cngk.org.cn/news/12/16490.html



5.8.4.4. Nanjing Sciyon Automation Group Co. Ltd

Nanjing Sciyon Automation Group Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Nanjing Sciyon Automation Group

Co., Ltd.

http://www.sciyon.com/en/index.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

1993 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 27, Siemens Road, Jiangning Development Zone, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, 211100

Tel: 0086-25-68598968 Fax: 0086-25-68598948


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is a leading supplier of:

1. Domestic thermal automation and power plant information technologies, products and solutions

2. Devote to R&D, production and sales of industrial automation and management information products



Control System Provider

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 121. Nanjing Sciyon Automation Group Co., Ltd.






5.8.5. Heat Storage

5.8.5.1. Changzhou Pressure Container Testing Ins.

Changzhou Pressure Container Testing Ins.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Changzhou Pressure Container Testing Ins.

http://www.czdes.com/english/main/index.asp

START DATE/OWNER

2007 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Menghe Twon, Xinbei Area Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, 213139

Tel: 0086-519-83531917 Fax: 0086-519-83530662


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is:

1. Specialized in all kinds of materials including the non-ferrous metal, the stainless steel and the designation, manufacturing, installation and maintenance of compound material equipments

PROJECTS IN CSP




Table 122. Changzhou Pressure Container Testing Ins.

http://www.czdes.com/english/main/index.asp




5.8.5.2. Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co., Ltd.

Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co. Ltd.

http://www.sunhome.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1998 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Headquarters of Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co., Ltd.

Add.: No.1, Chuangyangang, International Innovation Base, Tianrun Avenue, Changzhou

City, Jiangsu Province

Tel：+86-519-83689008

E-mail：[email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co., Ltd., is a national high-tech enterprise specialized in

the utilization, research and development of solar light and heat, focusing on energy

storage, particularly high temperature molten salt energy storage system, system

design, manufacture and construction of key components, etc.




Table 122a. Jiangsu Sunhome New Energy Co., Ltd.

In recent years, the company has founded “the Joint Engineering Center of Solar Energy Heat

Utilization” by cooperating with Southeast University, and founded “the Research Institute of Solar

Thermal Energy Power Generation and Energy Storage Technologies”, realizing better “university-

industry” combination. The company has the first 20MWh pilot plant test platform of full-fused-salt

power generation in China.

“The Research Institute of Solar Thermal Energy Power Generation and Energy Storage Technologies,

with more than 30 research and development personnel, is specialized in the research and development

of solar thermal energy power generation and energy storage technologies, which mainly includes the

design and manufacture of large high-temperature storage tanks and fused salt heat exchangers, fused

salt delivery and safety control, solidification-preventing treatment of fused salt system in high-cold

regions, research of energy storage media, etc. It has more than 30 invention patents and independent

intellectual property rights.




5.8.6. Steam Generator

5.8.6.1. Taihu Boiler Co. Ltd

Taihu Boiler Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Taihu Boiler Co., Ltd.

http://www.scthboiler.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2003 LLC

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 399, Southern Jinxiu Road, cross-strait industrial park of science and technology development

Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, 611138 Tel: 0086-28-82782386 Fax: 0086-28-82782682


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is:

1. The largest industrial boiler manufacture enterprise. Manufacture and R&D different kinds of boilers.

PROJECTS IN CSP



Steam Generator Provider

Beijing Yanqing, Badaling

1 Tower Operating

Table 123. Taihu Boiler Co., Ltd.

Source: * - http://www.chinabidding.org.cn/BidInfoDetails_bid_286342.html

http://www.scthboiler.com/


http://www.chinabidding.org.cn/BidInfoDetails_bid_286342.html



5.8.6.2. Changsha Boiler Co., Ltd

Changsha Boiler Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Changsha Boiler Co., Ltd.

http://en.csboiler.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2006 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 908, Zhongyi First Road, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, 410007

Tel: 0086-731-5041588 Fax: 0086-731-5041566


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It integrates:

1. The consultant, development, production, marketing, installation, and other engineering service of boilers, pressure vessels, and environmental protecting equipment

PROJECTS IN CSP



Steam Generator Provider*

Qinghai Delingha 50 Tower Started

Table 124. Changsha Boiler Co., Ltd.

Source: * - Internet http://gzw.changsha.gov.cn/gzdt/qydt/201012/t20101202_357480.htm

http://en.csboiler.com/


http://gzw.changsha.gov.cn/gzdt/qydt/201012/t20101202_357480.htm



5.8.7. Power Block and Pumps

5.8.7.1. Dongfang Electric Group

Dongfang Electric Group

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Dongfang Electric Group

http://www.dongfang.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1993 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 18, Xixin Road, Gaoxin West Zone, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, 611731

Tel: 0086-028-87898111 Fax: 0086-028-87019555


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is:

1. China’s largest power equipment manufacturing base 2. Large power generation equipment R&D, design, manufacturing,

and power plant project EPC

PROJECTS IN CSP



HTF System* Gansu JiaYuGuan 1.5 N/A Started

Table 125. Dongfang Electric Group

Source: * - Internet http://news.byf.com/html/20111220/132738.shtml

http://www.dongfang.com.cn/


http://news.byf.com/html/20111220/132738.shtml



5.8.7.2. Shanghai Electric Group

Shanghai Electric Group

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Shanghai Electric Group

http://www.shanghai-

electric.com/en/pages/default.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

2004 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 212, Qin Jiang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China, 200233

Tel: 0086-21-33261888 Fax: 0086-21-34695780

E-mail: service@shanghai_electric.com

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It has:

1. The strength of supplying whole sets of equipment, EPC projects, and comprehensive service for modern equipment

2. High efficient clean energy and new energy equipment are core businesses

PROJECTS IN CSP



Design, Manufacturing,

and O&M* Qinghai Golmud 100 Tower Plan

Table 126. Shanghai Electric Group

Source: * - Internet http://www.epccn.com.cn/html/zixun/taiyangneng_20120613_89.html

http://www.shanghai-electric.com/en/pages/default.aspx

http://www.shanghai-electric.com/en/pages/default.aspx

mailto:service@shanghai_electric.com

http://www.epccn.com.cn/html/zixun/taiyangneng_20120613_89.html



5.8.7.3. Harbin Turbine Co., Ltd

Harbin Turbine Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Harbin Turbine Co., Ltd.

http://www.htc.com.cn/en/home.htm

START DATE/OWNER

1956 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 345, San Da Dong Li Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China, 150046

Tel: 0086-451-82953544 Fax: 0086-451-82953495


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is specialized in:

1. Designing and manufacturing large sized fossil turbine, nuclear turbine, industrial steam turbine, marine steam turbine and gas turbine

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer and Turbine Provider

Argentina, Salta

Valles Calchaquies

20 Parabolic Trough

Planning

Table 127. Harbin Turbine Co., Ltd.

http://www.htc.com.cn/en/home.htm




5.8.7.4. Hangzhou Steam Turbine

Hangzhou Steam Turbine

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Hangzhou Steam Turbine

http://en.htc.net.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1998 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 357, Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, 310022


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It is producing industrial steam turbines:

1. According to customers special needs to design and manufacture the industrial steam turbine with non-standard means requested

PROJECTS IN CSP



Turbine Provider*

Beijing Yanqin,

Badaling 1 Tower Operating

Turbine Provider*

Qinghai Delingha 50 Tower Started

Table 128. Hangzhou Steam Turbine

Source: * -


http://guba.eastmoney.com/look,200771,4501701638.html

http://en.htc.net.cn/



http://guba.eastmoney.com/look,200771,4501701638.html



5.8.7.5. Nanjing Steam Turbine Co. Ltd

Nanjing Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Nanjing Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.

http://www.ntcchina.com/website/en/index.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

2004 JOINT VENTURE

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 80, North Central Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, 210037

Tel: 0086-025-84066666 Fax: 0086-025-85502858


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The main products are:

1. Heavy-duty gas turbine generating unit, steam turbine generating unit, gas-steam combined cycle unit, co-gen. steam turbine unit and generator as well as large & medium sized synchronized/asynchronised motors

PROJECTS IN CSP



Turbine Provider

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 129. Nanjing Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.

http://www.ntcchina.com/website/en/index.aspx




5.8.7.6. Xian Aero Engine PLC

Xi’an Aero-Engine PLC

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Xi’an Aero-Engine PLC

http://www.xaec.com/system/_owners/main/_webprj/main_1/index.jsp

START DATE/OWNER

1958 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Xu Jia Wan, Weiyang District, Xi’an City, Shanxi Province, China, 710021

Tel: 0086-029-86150271 Fax: 0086-029-86629636


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

XAEC is:

1. China large and medium sized military and civilian aircraft engine R&D and manufacturing base

2. Large ship gas turbine power plant production repair base 3. New environmental protection energy field R&D base 4. High technology processing and manufacturing center

PROJECTS IN CSP


CAPACITY (MW) TECHNOLO

GY Status

N/A* TBD TBD 100 TBD Planning

Table 130. Xi’an Aero-Engine PLC

Source: * - http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/285841082.html







5.8.7.7. CAMDA New Energy

CAMDA

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

CAMDA

http://www.camda.cc/index.aspx?lang

e=en

START DATE/OWNER

1998 PRIVATE

CONTACT INFO

Address: Tangchun Industrial Zone, Liaobu Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong, China, 523407

Tel: 0086-769 88996200 Fax: 0086-769 88996200


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It can provide global services in a whole package for:

1. Diesel powered, PT CSP powered, and biogas powered plants, including design, manufacturing, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance

2. In PT CSP, the only one commands the manufacturing technology for high temperature glass vacuum heat-collecting tube

3. Manufacture heat-collecting tube, reflecting mirror, and tracking system

PROJECTS IN CSP


TECHNOLOGY Status

Receiver Test* Jiangsu N/A 25 m PT Finished

Developer** TBD TBD 100 MW PT TBD

Table 131. CAMDA

Source: * - CAMDA website http://www.camda.cc/newsShow.aspx?id=537&lange=ch











5.8.8. System Integration

5.8.8.1. Beijing Zhonghang Airport general equipment Co. Ltd.

Beijing Zhonghang Airport General Equipment Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Beijing Zhonghang Airport General Equipment

Co., Ltd.

http://zhonghangge.com/Pages/EN/Index.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

2001 LLC

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6, Tianzhu East Road, Jia Kong Gang Industrial Zone Shunyi District, Beijing, China, 101312

Tel: 0086-010-52131188 Fax: 0086-010-52131189


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

It:

1. Designs and implements ground support, energy and environment protection equipment, and electrical equipment with are widely used in airport, airlines, power plant, and mines

PROJECTS IN CSP



Equipment Manufacturing*

Hunan Yuanling N/A PT Finished

Table 132. Beijing Zhonghang General Equipment Co., Ltd.

Source: * - http://www.tynw.net.cn/News/3/8061.html

http://zhonghangge.com/Pages/EN/Index.aspx


http://www.tynw.net.cn/News/3/8061.html



5.8.8.2. Penglai Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd

Penglai Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Penglai Electric Power Equipment

Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

http://www.sdpldl.com/

START DATE/OWNER

1987 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 1, Nanguan Road, Penglai City, Shandong Province, China, 100107


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

For electric power equipment, it can provide:

1. Technical development, technical consultation, equipment manufacturing, equipment import, installation, debugging services etc.

PROJECTS IN CSP



System Integration*

Shaanxi Yulin 2000 Tower N/A

Table 133. Penglai Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Cooperate with eSolar USA Source* -

http://www.huiyin-group.com/news_detail/newsId=d2d05b75-a68c-4ecc-9f4c-93f37531f8d6&comp_stats=comp-

FrontNews_listByMultiCategory01-1316599850818.html

http://www.sdpldl.com/


http://www.huiyin-group.com/news_detail/newsId=d2d05b75-a68c-4ecc-9f4c-93f37531f8d6&comp_stats=comp-FrontNews_listByMultiCategory01-1316599850818.html

http://www.huiyin-group.com/news_detail/newsId=d2d05b75-a68c-4ecc-9f4c-93f37531f8d6&comp_stats=comp-FrontNews_listByMultiCategory01-1316599850818.html



5.8.8.3. Shanghai Gongdian Energy

Shanghai Gongdian

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Shanghai Gongdian Energy Technology Co., Ltd.


START DATE/OWNER

2006 Private Company (Joint Stock

Company)

CONTACT INFO

Beijing Branch Address: Room 304, No. 1 North Floor, Liupukang Street

Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 750002 Tel: 0086-10-82032378 Fax: 0086-10-82035924

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Shanghai GD Energy is developer, R&D, and Manufacturer of CSP Shanghai GD Energy focus on R&D, system design and software

development for CSP Plants:

1. Tower 2. Parabolic through 3. Dish

PROJECTS IN CSP



Developer* Qinghai Golmud** 100 Tower Plan

Table 134. Shanghai Gongdian Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

Source: * - ADB






5.9. EPC AND OPERATION

5.9.1. China Datang

The utility companies have local brunches that work for local projects:

In Datang, for instance, in the province of Gansu, China Datang Corporation_Datang Gansu Power

Generation Co., Ltd.

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd.

http://www.dt-gspgc.com/Portal/Main.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

2004 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 299, Nanbinhe Zhong Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou City, Gansu, China, 730050

Tel: 0086- Fax: 0086-


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CDT Gansu is main engaged in: 1. Electric power generation, thermal production, supply and

marketing 2. Electric power equipment facilities maintenance,

commissioning, operation and maintenance, marketing 3. Engineering and techniques R&D 4. Investment and asset management

PROJECTS IN CSP



EPC N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 135. China Datang Corporation_Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd.






5.9.2. China Guodian

In Xinjiang Province, China Guodian Cooperation – Guodian Xinjiang Power Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

Guodian Xinjiang Power Co., Ltd.

http://gdxjdl.com/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 626, Xihong East Road, Shuimogou District, Ulumuqi City, Xinjiang, China, 830063

Tel: 0086-991-4609800 Fax: 0086-991-4609800

E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CGC is main engaged in: 1. Development, investment, construction, operation and

management of power generation of coal-fire, hydroelectricity, and wind power

PROJECTS IN CSP



EPC N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 136. Guodian Xinjiang Power Co., Ltd.

http://gdxjdl.com/



5.9.3. CGN Solar Energy

China Guangdong Nuclear – China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd.


AND LOGO

China G Nuclear Power Engineering

Co., Ltd.

http://www.cnpec.com.cn/n2808187/index.html

START DATE/OWNER

2004 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: Science Building, No. 1001, Shangbuzhong Road, Shenzhen City, Guangzhou, China, 518028

Tel: 0086- Fax: 0086- E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CNPEC (completely provide EPCS) business includes:

1. Contracting, construction, management, consultation, supervision on industrial and civil projects, i.e., nuclear power, conventional power, heating supply, gas, harbor, hydraulic etc.

2. Engineering technology services and economic information consultation

3. Project bidding agency 4. Import and export of products and technology 5. Procurement and sales of electric equipment and material

Table 137. China Guangdong Nuclear – China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd.





5.9.4. China Huaneng

A summary of the subsidiaries in some important locations related to Solar Thermal Electricity Projects

in Huaneng.

China Huaneng Group – Huaneng Tibet Power Generation Co., Ltd

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

Huaneng Tibet Power Generation Co., Ltd

http://www.chng.com.cn/n31531/n31613/n293133/n418910/n419006/c467

799/content.html START


CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 17, Dianjian Business Hotel, Duodi Road, Lhas City, Tibet, China, 850000

Tel: 0086-891-6363109 Fax: 0086-

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHNG Tibet is main engaged in: 1. Development, investment, construction, operation and

management of electricity (heat) and clean energy project in Tibet

2. Responsible for CHNG in Tibet area power marketing, market research and market development work

Table 138. Huaneng Tibet Power Generation Co., Ltd

China Huaneng Group – Huaneng Gansu Energy Development Co., Ltd


LOGO

Huaneng Gansu Energy Development Co., Ltd

http://www.chedg.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2008 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 33, Beibinhe West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou City, Gansu, China, 730070

Tel: 0086- Fax: 0086-931-7693366

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHGED main business is: 1. Coal fire (heating), railway, the coal chemical and water

conservancy projects, hydroelectric power, wind power project investment, development, construction, and operation management

Table 139.Huaneng Gansu Energy Development Co., Ltd

http://www.chng.com.cn/n31531/n31613/n293133/n418910/n419006/c467799/content.html



http://www.chedg.cn/



China Huaneng Group – Huaneng Xinjiang Energy Development Co., Ltd


AND LOGO

Huaneng Xinjiang Energy Development Co., Ltd

N/A

START DATE/OWNER

2007 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 799, Nanhu North Road, Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China, 830017

Tel: 0086- Fax: 0086- E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHNG Xinjiang main business is: 1. Electricity generation, coal, railway, the coal chemical and

water conservancy projects investment, development, construction, and operation management

Table 140. Huaneng Xinjiang Energy Development Co., Ltd

China Huaneng Group – Huaneng Hainan Power Generation Co., Ltd


AND LOGO

Huaneng Hainan Power Generation Co., Ltd

http://www.chng.com.cn/n31531/n31613/n293133/n418910/n418998/c4

67760/content.html START


CONTACT INFO

Address: Floor 19, Qiongqin Building, No. 83, Binhai Road, Haikou City, Hainan, China, 570105

Tel: 0086-898-36629999 Fax: 0086- E-mail: N/A

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CHNG Hainan main business is: 1. Electricity products production and marketing 2. Responsible for huaneng power enterprise investment and

management in Hainan

Table 141. Huaneng Hainan Power Generation Co., Ltd






5.9.5. China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd (CHEC)

China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd (CHEC)


AND LOGO

China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd

http://www.chec.com.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

1978 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Beijing City, Xicheng District, China, Tel: 0086-010-51967000


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

1. Affiliated enterprise of China Huadian Corporation

2. Focus on developing engineering technology industry including EPC work of

CSP

Table 141a. China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd

Responsible for Jinta 50MW parabolic trough project EPC.

http://www.chec.com.cn/



5.9.6. North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd (NCPE)

North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd (NCPE)


AND LOGO

North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd (NCPE)

http://www.ncpe.com.cn/ncpeIntern

et/English/Pages/default.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

1978 STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Phone: (86)-010 59385588 Fax: (86)-010-82281800

Email:[email protected]

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

1. Responsible for power plant design, consulting and EPC.

2. Signed several contracts with CSP developers to design CSP power plant

3. Signed contract with Hanas responsible for EPC on 92.5MW ISCC project

Table 141b. North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd (NCPE)



5.9.7. Northwest Electric Power Design Institute of China Power Engineering Consulting Group

Northwest Electric Power Design Institute (NWEPDI)


AND LOGO

Northwest Electric Power Design Institute (NWEPDI)

http://www.nwepdi.com/Pages/defa

ult.aspx

START DATE/OWNER

STATE-OWNED

CONTACT INFO Phone: (86)-(029)88358888

Fax: (86)- (029)88358899

COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Responsible for power plant design, consulting and EPC

Designed most of CSP projects in China northwest area

Table 141c. Northwest Electric Power Design Institute (NWEPDI)



5.10. DISTRIBUTION

The China Grid is divided into six grids: Northwest, Northeast, North, Central, East and South Grid, but there are

two groups controlling the Grid: The State Grid Company (where there are included the first five grids) and the

Southern Grid Company (where is included the southern Grid).

Figure 69. China Grid Structure

5.10.1. State Grid Company or Corporation

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

State Grid Company of China (SGCC)

http://www.sgcc.com.cn/ywlm/index.shtml

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATED-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 86, West Chang’an Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 100031

Tel: 0086-010-66597205 Fax: 0086-010-66597205


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

The mission is to provide safe, economical, clean and sustainable electric power for social and economic development:

1. Core businesses are the construction and operation of power

network in:

Northwest Grid

Northeast Grid

North China Grid

Central China Grid

East China Grid

Table 142. State Grid Company of China (SGCC)





5.10.1.1. Northeast China Grid Company Limited

Northeast China grid company limited (NEG) business areas covers the three provinces in Northeast, including

Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang province and the east of Inner Mongolia autonomous region (Chifeng city, Tongliao

city, the hulunbuir city and Xinganmeng).

The network covers the area of 1268 thousand square kilometers, supplies power service to a population of 121

million. It manages directly 5 bureaus of ultrahigh voltage which are Jinzhou, Changchun, Shenyang and Harbin,

Qiqihar, 5 hydropower plants which are Baishan, Fengman, Yunfeng, peace bay, Songjianghe, 2 education training

centers in Dalian and Fengman and holding the northeast power science research institute Co., LTD.

5.10.1.2. Northwest China Grid Company Limited

Northwest China Grid Company Limited business areas cover Gansu province, Shaanxi province, Qinghai province,

Ningxia Hui autonomous region, Xinjiang uygur autonomous region and the Tibetan autonomous region.

5.10.1.3. North China Grid Company Limited

North China grid includes 5 parts, the grid of Inner Mongolia West, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei power grid, southern

power grid of Hebei, Shanxi power grid, Shandong grid. And they are connected with the northeast power grid,

central China power grid.

Figure 70. North China Grid Sketch



5.10.1.4. East China Grid Company Limited

East China power grid’s management area includes Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Fujian province power

grid.

Figure 71. North China Grid Sketch

5.10.1.5. Central China Grid Company Limited

The central China power grid is composed by six parts, Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Jiangxi and Hunan

power grid. Among them, the Henan power grid is connected with the northwest of grid and north China grid,

Hubei power grid are connected with east China power grid and the southern power grid.

Figure 72. Central China Grid Sketch



5.10.2. China South Grid Company

China South Grid Company

COMPANY NAME,

WEBSITE AND LOGO

China South Grid Company

http://eng.csg.cn/

START DATE/OWNER

2002 STATED-OWNED

CONTACT INFO

Address: No. 6, Huasui Road, Zhujiang Xincheng Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, China, 510623

Tel: 0086-20-38121080 Fax: 0086-20-38120189


COMPANY DESCRIPTION

CSG:

1. Invests, constructs and operates power networks in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan provinces and regions

2. Related power transmission and distribution business 3. Electric power marketing and power transaction and

scheduling business 4. Foreign construction projects and labour services

Table 143. China South Grid Company

http://eng.csg.cn/




6. ANNUAL INSTALLED CAPACITY PLANNED FOR SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY FOR THE

DIFFERENT PROVINCES IN CHINA (MW)

As a summary of section 3 (Solar Thermal Electricity Potential) where it was pointed out that 5 provinces were

most suitable for developing CSP projects and section 4 (Market developments in 2011) where it was shown a

compilation of all CSP Projects in China, the Asian Development Bank chart shows in a ball chart the land suitable

for CSP in China, with a special focus in two locations which are Qinghai and Gansu.

Figure 73. Land suitable for CSP in PRC Source UMME and ADB

Also the projects planned and under construction show this tendency since Gansu and Qinghai are the provinces

with more projects projected with six each one as it is shown in Table 144. The table is a summary of all the

projects organized by the different provinces in China.



Local

Level

PROVINCE OR

REGION

Solar MW

Capacity

(Short term)

Solar MW

Capacity

(Long term)

Technology Status

B1 BEIJING 1 Power Tower Under Construction

G1 GANSU 50 Parabolic Trough Under Construction (on hold)

G2 GANSU 10 Parabolic Trough Planning


G4 GANSU 50 200 Parabolic Trough Planning

G5 GANSU 1.5 Parabolic Trough Planning (in advanced stage)


GD1 GUANDONG 1 Parabolic Trough Planning

H1 HAINAN 1 Dish Operating

I1 INNER

MONGOLIA 50 Parabolic Trough Under Construction

I2 INNER

MONGOLIA 30 Parabolic Trough Planning

I3 INNER

MONGOLIA 550 Parabolic Trough Planning

J1 JIANGSU 0.1 Parabolic Trough Planning

N1 NINGXIA 92.5 Parabolic Trough (ISCC) Under Construction

N2 NINGXIA 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

Q1 QINGHAI 10 1000 Parabolic Trough Under Construction

Q2 QINGHAI 50 Parabolic Trough Under Construction

Q3 QINGHAI 50 Power Tower Planning (in advanced stage)

Q4 QINGHAI 50 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

Q5 QINGHAI 50 Parabolic Trough Planning

Q6 QINGHAI 50 1000 Parabolic Trough Planning

SH1 SHAANXI 50 2000 Parabolic Trough Planning

SD1 SHANDONG 2.5 Fresnel Under Construction

SC1 SICHUAN 100 Parabolic Trough Planning

T1 TIBET 50 Parabolic Trough Planning

T2 TIBET 6 130 Dish Planning (Cancelled)

X1 XINJIANG 0.18 150 Parabolic Trough Operating (having problems)

X2 XINJIANG 1.5 200 Parabolic Trough Planning

X3 XINJIANG 337 Parabolic Trough Planning

X4 XINJIANG 12 300 Parabolic Trough Planning

Table 144. Installed Capacity by Province and Projects



In Global terms, the projects in an operating stage are just some experimental projects of very small scale around

1MW and with some problems in finalizing the management of operations. In terms of under construction around

250 MW are in a developing stage and finally about 1 GW is under short term planning and around 5 GW in long

term planning.

PROVINCE OR REGION

Solar MW

Capacity

(Short term)

Solar MW

Capacity

(Long term)

BEIJING 1

GANSU (6 PROJECTS) 261.5 200

GUANDONG 1

HAINAN 1

INNER MONGOLIA (3 PROJECTS) 80 550

JIANGSU 0.1

NINGXIA (2 PROJECTS) 192.6

Not Known (4 PROJECTS) 350

QINGHAI (6 PROJECTS) 260 2100

SHAANXI 50 2000

SHANDONG 2.5

SICHUAN 100

TIBET (2 PROJECTS) 23 56 130

XINJIANG (4 PROJECTS) 13.68 987

Table 145. Total Installed Capacity by Province

The next project to be in operation is trying to be the Power Tower Project in Badaling Beijing of 1MW which is

now still under construction in an advanced stage.

Gansu has more than 260 MW all of them parabolic trough planned and under construction projects, of which 50

MW is one of the five projects approved in China and financed by ADB and right now under construction (on hold

because of the tariff definiton by Central Government) in Jinta city.

In Inner Mongolia is located the first bidding project approved by FIT in the location of Erdos. Apart from this one

two other projects are projected totaling 80 MW in short term and more than 600 MW in long term.

In Guandong, CAMDA is trying to install their own laboratory on CSP where they want to install also 1 MW

parabolic trough project between land and roof. There are also some pilot project loops in Nanjing, Jiangsu city of

100 KW and in Hainan Island a 1 MW dish project is trying to finish their connection to the grid.

23 Dish project has been cancelled.



The first Integrated Solar Combined with coal project is approved and planned to be constructed in Ningxia. The developer is Hanas and the project will be 92.5 MW of Parabolic Trough. Another 100 MW of parabolic trough are planned to be constructed in this province.

Around 350 MW are in a planning stage by different developers to construct four projects but the location is not decided yet.

Figure 74. Short-Long Term Projects by Province in China (MW)

Qinghai because of its natural resources, geographical location and availability of surface should be the best

province to install Solar Thermal electricity projects. Two parabolic trough projects are already approved in

Delingha (also financed by ADB) and Golmud and four projects are in a planning situation of which one of them is

power tower.

Shaanxi and Sichuan are going to develop one project each of 50 and 100 MW installed capacity respectively both

of them parabolic trough. In Shandong Himin is constructing a Fresnel 2.5 MW project in the roof of their

headquarters.

In Tibet two projects have been planned, one dish (cancelled because the developer entered into bankruptcy) and

one parabolic trough. Finally Xinjiang have planned 4 projects of which one loop of 180 KW should be in

connection to the grid (although the steam temperature can’t reach high temperature so there are problems in

the connection to the grid). These two locations are also rich in resources and would be suitable once the grid

connections are developed in China since their major problems are the long distance to the Eastern Consumption

areas.

Long terms projects are just an estimation given by the companies in different provinces of China, where Gansu

and Qinghai should be the two best locations for developing commercial projects in China in the next years.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Solar MW Capacity (Short term)

Solar MW Capacity (Long term)



7. GRID CONNECTION PROBLEMS

7.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CHINESE GRID

China’s State Council approved the plan for structural reform of the power industry in April 2002 (Reform Policy).

Figure 75. China Grid Map

The main tasks identified in the Reform Policy include:

Separation of plant and grid;

Restructuring of power regulatory bodies and establishment of the State Electricity Reform Commission

(SERC);

Establishment of a competitive electricity market;

Implementation of power tariff reform;

Formulation of environmental cost standards and surcharges for emissions; and

Formulation of a pilot program where generators directly supply power to large subscribers.

Before the Reform Policy period, the State Power Corporation (SPC) controlled 46% of China’s electricity

generation and 90% of China’s grid operations, and all provincial and autonomous region power companies were

affiliates of the SPC, with exception of the Guangdong Power Group, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Group, and Hainan Province Power.

After the reform, the SPC was broken into 3 parts, which consisted of:



1. Power generation assets

2. Grid assets and

3. Service companies.

The SPC’s power generation assets were restructured into the following power generating companies, each of

which is limited to no more than 20% of the generating capacity in each regional network:

1. China Huaneng Group

2. China Datong Generation Group

3. China Huadian Group,

4. China National Power Group

5. China Power Investment Group, and

6. North China Power Group.

Each of these generating companies has one or more China or Hong Kong listed companies. However, these

companies are ultimately controlled by the state.

As a result of the separation of plant and grid under the Reform Policy, the SPC’s (State Power Corporation) grid

assets were restructured into the two state-owned power grid companies (Figure 76):

1. State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), and the

2. China Southern Power Grid Company Limited (CSG)

Figure 76. China Grid Companies. Source: State Grid Corp. of China



SGCC have the headquarters in Beijing and is the largest state owned electric power transmission and distribution

company in China, controlling 80 per cent of China´s transmission and distribution, as well as the largest operator

in the world.

SGCC’s power network operation covers 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities with subsidiaries of

North China, East China, Central China, Northeast China and Northwest China (Figure 77) and covers most north

and central China:

1. North China Power Grid Company

2. Northeast Power Grid Company

3. East China Power Grid Company

4. Central China Power Grid Company and the

5. Northwest Power Grid Company.

Figure 77. Power Grid Companies in China



In contrast, the Southern Power Grid Company’s scope covers south and south western China. CSG is the second

large state-owned enterprise in China. Its distribution covers China's five southern provinces including

Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan (Figure 78). CSG is headquartered in Guangzhou, Guangdong

Province.

Figure 78. Map of Chinese Grid Companies with separated Southern provinces

Provinces of Chinese Southern Grid Company (as colored in green in Figure 78):

1. Yunnan

2. Guizhou

3. Guangxi

4. Guangdong and

5. Hainan provinces.



7.2. CONNECTION POLICIES

As an example, a PV station requirement for Small photovoltaic power station: the photovoltaic access for 0.4 kV

voltage level low voltage power grid (The installed capacity, in general, is not more than 200000 peak watts);

medium photovoltaic power station: the photovoltaic power stations that access to 10 to 35 kV power grid; large

photovoltaic power station access to 66 kV and above voltage level grid.

A compulsory grid connection mechanism first appeared in China in the early 1990s, when wind power was first

adopted in China. Wind energy benefited directly from the “Regulation on wind farm grid connection

management”, developed by the former Ministry of Electricity, which offered a favourable grid connection tariff

for wind power. The incremental cost was borne by the power generators, which at that time were all state-

owned. As a direct result of this regulation, the wind generation sector experienced rapid growth between 1995

and 1997.

During that period, the power sector, which was made of corporations and government authorities, was able to

transfer the high cost of wind power to the public. Although not economically viable, the government power

sector was active in developing wind power because it brought environmental and social benefits.

The government then focused its attention on developing clean energy through power sector reform, including

providing for renewable energy grid connection. In 1998, the Ministry of Electricity was dismantled and the State

Power Corporation was established. The main purpose behind the power sector reform was to break the power

sector monopoly and create competition within the power market via the separation of power generators and

utilities.

The Renewable Energy Law provides for the compulsory connection of renewable energy generators to the grid,

and a regulation has been enacted to give effect to this. The regulation deals with general rules governing grid

connection, project management requirements, utility company responsibilities and generator responsibilities.

The regulation covers hydropower, wind power, biomass, solar power generation, geothermal power generation,

and ocean energy. It emphasises that penalties will be imposed for violations.

There are two elements to the compulsory grid connection system in the Renewable Energy Law:

1. All energy generated from renewable sources must be purchased; and

2. Utilities must provide grid-connection services (including constructing grid connections) and related

technical support.

The Renewable Energy Law requires a power-grid enterprise to purchase all electricity generated from those

renewable energy producers who are connected to that grid. Moreover, in areas not covered by a power grid, the

Government will fund the construction of independent renewable energy electricity generation systems to

provide electricity locally.



In order to connect to China’s national power grid, which is managed by the State Grid Company, a power

generating company must consult with State Grid Company and/or its local or provincial designates, before the

power generating company can obtain the required approvals from relevant governmental authorities.

The power generating company must engage a qualified designer to design its system for connecting to the

power grid. The basic requirements set by the State Grid Company for a power generating company to be able

connect to the power grid include:

1. Complying with the national electricity development plan and grid overall plan;

2. Having a clear electricity consumption direction or scope; and

3. Obtaining approval on its connection system design.

In 2005 the installed capacity and Energy Production within all the Power Grid Companies in China were as it is

shown in Figure 79. Moreover the yellow arrows explained the different connection between these subsidiaries:

Figure 79. Map of Installed capacity and Energy Production in China in 2005.

During 12th FYP solar thermal power generation will have the design ability to build a 100 MW solar thermal

power plant, as well as the supply ability to complete sets of equipment. The installed cost of thermal power

plant without heat storage units is 16000 RMB/kW, and the installed cost of thermal power plant with eight hours

heat storage units is 22000 RMB/kW. The electricity price connected to the grid will under 0.9 RMB/kWh.



7.3. GRID EVOLUTION

7.3.1. Grid History

China's power industry experienced hardships since 1882, born in Shanghai, and it has developed for 67 years

slowly. From 1949, the installed generating capacity and generating capacity were only 1.85 million kW and 4.3

billion kWh respectively with a rank of world of 21st and 25th.

After 1949, China power industry has developed rapidly. In 1978, installed generating capacity was up to 57.12

million kW and generating electricity around 256.6 billion kWh, to be the eighth and the seventh respectively in

the world. After the reform and opening, the power industry system has constantly reformed and the electric

industry has developed quickly with the different methods of paying electricity, reasonable use of the foreign

investment, multi-channel investments, variety of electricity prices, encouraging competition and other effective

policies.

In the development scale of construction speed and technology level, China has broken records continuously. The

Chinese installed capacity has been higher than France, Britain, Canada, Germany, Russia and Japan, since 1996

where China has firmly held the world second place.

Having a look at the evolution of the Grid in China shows in 2005 an isolation of the western provinces Xinjiang

and Tibet and a grid compound by 220kv, 330kv and 500kv:

Figure 80. Chinese Power Network in 2005



7.3.2. Current and Future situation of Ultra High Voltage

Currently the Grid Network of 500 kV constructed in not enough to meet the demands for high capacity and long

distance power transmission. Even though lack of access to grid infrastructure in remote areas is avoiding wind

power for contributing to China’s Energy Mix. The UHV Grid will reduce the energy losses in the electricity

transport as well as an improvement in capacity.

China is very interested in the deployment of UHV grid since the consumption centres are far away from the

production ones. The advantages of this technology are that allows high power, longer distances, and lower losses

and gives stability to the system.

In January 2008, power blackouts were recorded in 17 provinces in China, the weather in many provinces in China

is tough, especially during the winter which brings long periods of cold with temperatures lower than minus 30oC

and snowy and icy weather.

Figure 81. Coal Resources in China

Besides, heavy snow can block the transport of coal (which produces 80% of China´s electricity) by rail from the

west to the east. In recent years, droughts have frequently hit the hydro-rich southern region of China, while the

generation of hydro‐electricity was significantly reduced. Therefore the two main sources of generating electricity

in the country could suddenly be reduced so some solutions must be taken in order to maintain the supply of

electricity and to make this happen, an Ultra High Voltage Grid has to be constructed.



As it is shown in figure above the coal resources (in green circles is concentrated around three quarters of the

total resources of national coal) located mainly in the regions of Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Xinjiang are

far (from 800km to 3000km) from the main consumption areas (yellow circles concentrate around 70% of energy

consumption) placed mostly in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Guandong which only have 5 % of the

resources so apart from the expensive transport from the rich coal provinces hold more than half of the rail traffic

capacity.

Moreover in 2010 the Total Electricity Consumption in China exceeded 4000 TWh, with around 900.000 km length

of middle and high voltage and almost 1 million MW of installed capacity. In this situation where the consumption

per capita was only 3100 kwh and is going to be increased, leads to a need of new solutions on the transport of

electricity.

The current situation is that some actions have been taken to solve these problems since State Grid Corporation

of China’s SGCC is speeding up smart grid construction, especially Ultra High Voltage (UHV) projects. Some

examples:

1. The Huainan-Shanghai UHV AC (Alternating Current) project started the invitation to tender in the first

quarter of 2012.

2. The Hami-Zhengzhou ±800 UHV DC (Direct Current) project has received permission to deploy from the

National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC).

3. The Ningdong-Zhejiang UHV DC project has received approval by the National Energy Administration

(NEA) for preliminary work.

Figure 82. National Grid 2010 Plan. Source State Grid



According to the 12th FYP after the next five years, a Grid will be start constructing to connect North, East and

Central China giving shape to a Grid system transport of three vertical axes and three horizontal axes.

The vertical axis, North-South direction will connect the biggest production areas of coal and wind of Inner

Mongolia, Shanxi and Shaanxi to the North Central and East of the Country. In terms of CSP the first bid project of

Erdos could have also the possibility of connection.

Figure 83. Schematic Network. Source State Grid

In the meanwhile, the horizontal axis, west-east will carry the Hydraulic Energy from South West to the most

developed areas of and with more demand in the coastal metropolis and also the epicentre industrial central area

of the country which include mostly the provinces of Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guandong,

Hunan and Hubei.

The aim of the 12th FYP is to reduce the percentage of electricity produced by coal with a decreasing rate of

around 5 percent per year and replace this electricity by clean energies, especially by hydropower. Also for

supplying electricity for this epicentre industrial area a nuclear plan was in progress, which has been relented

because of the Fukushima accident in Japan.

In a second long term stage for 2020 the Ultra High Voltage Grid will be extended to the Northeast and

Northwest, this two regions very rich in terms of natural resources. For CSP the provinces of Qinghai and Xinjiang

could be connected in this stage.



As it has been advanced, the Future the State Grid map of China expected by the State Grid for 2020 after the

construction of Ultra High Voltage Grid, both UHVAC and UHVDC will be:

Figure 84. Chinese Grid Plan in 2020. Source State Grid

The expected capacity of the UHV Grid by 2020 will be more than 200 GW UHAC corridors will connect and

interconnect North, East and Central Grids and at the same time a Grid of UHVDC will be deployed. Some of the

projects are, in Tibet is located Motou and Yarlung Tangpo Hidropower Project, in central China Jinping (Yalong

River), Upper Yangtze River and Xiloudu (Upper Yangtze River) Hydropower Project.



The future situation shows that in the next decade projects of ultra-high voltage both in direct current and

alternative current are going to be developed. A powerful high voltage grid will cover the coal locations in the

North. Ultra High Voltage Direct current lines will transport energy from thermal origin from northwest and

hydraulic origin from south for supply Consumption centres all around the Central North and East of the Country

which will be the essential part of the China Grid and the base for all tension systems.

Figure 85. Concept of UHV Transmission Network. Source: SGCC, TS.

The SGCC’s strategy is to link together the North China Grid, Central China Grid and East China Grid as power base

of all the connection in the country with the deployment of a UHV AC network to strengthen regional

connectivity. These then will be connected individually with the large bases for coal production, wind power,

nuclear power and hydropower through UHV AC or DC lines depending on the distances involved.

UHV technologies, transmitting electricity at 1000 kV AC voltages and 800 kV DC voltages, could increase

transmission capacity and distance by two to five times compared with 500 kV lines, while massively reducing

electricity loss and the overall land surface occupied. This system design is aimed at optimizing energy resource

allocation and redistributing electricity supply to power-deficient regions with more flexibility.

After having a macro impression of the Ultra High Voltage General Grid it will be important to analyse the

different projects separately in UHV-AC, UHV-DC, Smart Grid and Rural Areas.



7.3.2.1. Ultra High Voltage Grid Alternate Current (UHV-AC)

The technical debate has been resolved in favour of the plan by the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) to

build ultra-high voltage alternating current (UHV AC) transmission lines to link energy-generating bases in the

west of China with heavy power users in the east of the country. The SGCC believes that this system will transfer

electricity over long distances with less wastage than other systems and will offer more flexibility in serving

different regions. Its approach was challenged by experts outside the company looking for cost effectiveness and

technical feasibility; they noted that a UHV AC network has not been successfully operated anywhere else in the

world and pointed to the danger of unstable power supply.

China has its own technology in electricity UHV transport. On January 2009 China constructed its first line of 1000

kV of alternating current, Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen, with 640 kilometers long, covering provinces of Shanxi,

Henan and Hubei (see Figure grey line) and crossing over yellow river.

This line transported close to 12 thousand billion KWh of electricity in 2010. More than seven billion kwh of

thermal power generated in Shanxi were transported to Central China Grid during the dry season and around 5

billion kwh of hydropower were sent to North China Grid during flood season.

Figure 86. Map of Chinese UHV AC Source. State Grid

Also the project Huainan-Shanghai UHV AC (Alternating Current) project started the invitation to tender in the

first quarter of 2012.



7.3.2.2. Ultra High Voltage Grid Direct Current (UHV-DC)

A circuit of UHV DC is able to transport 6 million Kv of electricity which means it is equal to five or six times the

capacity of a circuit of 500 kV. Also a very important advantage is a better efficient transport at long distances.

The long-distance transmission system of the Yunnan–Guangdong DC Transmission Project transmits 5,000 MW

from the Chuxiong substation in Yunnan to the load center of the Pearl River delta in Guangdong. The contract

was awarded in June 2007. Commercial operation of the first 800 kV pole started in December 2009, the

complete bipole is in operation since June 2010.

Figure 87. Map of UHV DC Chinese Grid connection. Source SGCC, CSG and TS

In July 2010 started the DC demonstration project of 800 kV direct current from Xiangjiaba (Sichuan) to Shanghai

(in green line in Figure 87), with 1,907 meters long. This line is the one with highest tension, longest longitude and

most capacity (6400 MW) currently developed in the world. The project, which is now in operation, completed

transmission of more than 6 billion KWh of hydropower by the end of 2010.



In 2011 Some other projects like the Hami-Zhengzhou and Nuozhadu (Yunan)-Guandong (CSPG awarded Siemens

the contract for key components ) ±800 UHV DC (Direct Current) project has received permission to deploy from

the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the construction is going to start in 2012.

Nuozhadu-Guangdong will have a transmission capacity of 5000 MW and provide electricity to the megacities in

the Guangdong region. The transmission distance of this project is 1451 kilometers

Also the Ningdong (Ningxia) Shaoxing (Zhejiang) UHV DC project has received approval by the National Energy

Administration (NEA) for preliminary work. The equipment procurement of the Jinping-Sunan line has finished

and construction is in progress.

The development of the UHV DC network is moving faster than the UHV AC, since DC is more mature. Only five

months have been needed to get the approval of the government for the Xiangjiaba (Sichuan) to Shanghai line

since 20 months for the Jincheng-Jingzhou 1000 Kv line were needed.

The State Grid has stated that local manufacturers will be favored in the UHV equipment. The domestic ratio of

grid equipment should not be less than three quarters of the supply. Nevertheless some of the components of the

equipment for the Xiangjiaba (Sichuan) to Shanghai line has been made in China although the Swedish company

ABB is in charge of the of the overall system design and supply also some components.

7.3.3. Rural Grid

The Chinese Government is very concerned about the transformation and upgrade of the rural power grids and

because of that some projects have been planned.

The State council pointed out that reliable power distribution infrastructure is critical to ensure adequate power

supply for operating irrigation facilities, food processing machinery and seafood breeding equipment, processes

which are important to the development of the agriculture sector and the improvement of rural livelihoods

The power grid upgrade projects for rural area this year is at a crucial stage. Based on the previous deployment

from NDRC, the State Grid investment of 48.84 billion Yuan (7.74 billion US$) for rural grid upgrading works will

be ended by 2012.

The problem of 96,000 households with a population of 400,000 without electricity will be solved after the

upgrade is completed. Therefore, the rural power grid-upgrading task in 2012 would be exceptionally heavy.



7.3.4. Smart Grid

The development of the smart grid is also very important to achieve the aims of the 12th FYP where 15 percent of

the primary energy consumption has to be provided by non-fossil fuels in order to reduce the carbon emissions.

The smart grid will play a very important role in the development of the electricity industry within the country.

This grid is based on a digital bidirectional technology, which allows the transport of electricity from supply to

consumption depend on the needs.

Therefore the efficient in transport will be improved as well it will benefit the environment because of the savings

of energy that can be achieved. Also the smart grid will be necessary to manage the backbone of the UHV

transmission network and equipped with a communication system able to deliver real time information on power

supply and consumption.

For the future, China has developed a three-stage smart grid plan gradual deployment; China’s smart grid

construction investment will enter into a large-scale phase in 2012.

Stages Title Target

Stage 1

(2009-2012) Planning and trial phase

Establish master plan, carry out key technology research and key

equipment development, and proceed with demonstration projects

Stage 2

(2011-2015)

Full scale construction

phase

Formulate standards and requirements for strong and smart grid, to

evaluate construction progress based on the needs and technical

development of smart grid and construct smart grid in full scale

Stage 3

(2016-2020)

Leading and enhancing

phase Evaluate contraction of smart grid in full range

Table 144. China’s Three Stage Smart Grid Plan. Source: State Grid Corp. of China

Until 2011 eight substations adapted to smart gird have been constructed in regions like Beijing, Shanghai and

Chongqin. Also in 2011, the State Grid Company deployed more than 50 million smart meters and plan to finish

37 million smart meters during 2012, so it will be a reduction compared to 2011.

Regarding these smart gird substations, a major investment is required as it involves investments in research and

development, the utilization of high-end technologies and a lot of equipment. In the first two phases 74 pilot

smart substations have been projected and have completed the bidding process and in 2012 20 smart substations

are already in operation.



According to the State Grid the development of the Smart Grid is not only the construction of this line and

substations but also integrate in all the stages during the transport energy process since the generation,

transmission, distribution and dispatching until the final consumption in the households.

Stages Steps in Energy Core technologies to master

1 Generation

Technologies to connect

intermittent alternative energy

sources and

Power storage devices

2 Transmission

UHV transmission and

Flexible transmission systems,

including series compensation,

switched virtual circuits (SVC)

and DC converter valves

3 Substation

Substation digitalization and

Real-time online monitoring

system

4 Distribution

Loss-reducing amorphous

metal distribution transformers

and Distribution automation

systems, including supervisory

control and data acquisition

and demand side

management

5 Dispatching

Communication platforms for

power supply and demand

information and

Intelligent dispatching decision

6 Consumption

Charging infrastructure for

electric vehicles and

Smart meters to collect

demand information

Table 145. Steps of Smart Grid in each Energy stage. Source SGCC.



The plan investment of both State Grid Company and Southern Power Grid is specified by subsidy company first

and then by Province during 2012.

Table 146. List of Chinese Provinces Smart Grid Construction Investment In 2012

Source State Grid Corp. of China

Although many investments are not decided yet, the total investment planned approved is more than 80 billion

Yuan’s with the highest investments concentrated along the North and East China Grid with more than 30 billion

Yuan and around 20 billion respectively.

In second place the areas of Central and Northwest China with similar investments around 10 billion Yuan’s and

finally Northeast and Southern with investments over five billion Yuan’s.



7.3.5. Investments

UHV development is of first and foremost priority in the 12th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period”. He announced that

more than Rmb500 billion (76 billion US dollars) would be invested from 2011 to 2015 in building seven UHV AC

transmission lines and nine less expensive (but also less flexible) lines using the more stable back-to-back direct

current (DC) technology. This is a massive increase from the Rmb20 billion (3 billion US dollars) spent in total on

UHV lines between 2006 and 2010.

In addition, the investment plan for the 12th FYP includes building a smart grid, which will utilize digital

technology for two-way communications between power suppliers and consumers, and upgrading rural grids.

Both areas have support at the highest policymaking level.

Most of the investments will go to two main fields:

1. Power transmission construction (including Ultra High Voltage projects) with an average annual spending

to be about Rmb200 billion (30 billion US dollars) and

2. Power grid upgrading in rural areas smart grid and Rmb100 billion (15 billion US dollars) on rural grids.

Figure 88. Grid Investments. Source CEC

China’s investment in 2011 has decreased to 341 billion RMB (49 billion US dollars), compared to the previous

year, according to China Electricity Council (CEC). The expenses for 2011 at the start of the program will increase

previous year with 367 billion RMB (US$52.4 billion), of which 293 billion RMB (US$41.8 billion) will be supplied

by the SGCC and 74 billion RMB (US$11 billion) by China Southern Grid (CSG). According to CEC forecast, it will

amount to 2.5 trillion RMB (US$364 billion) in the new FYP period, averaging 510 billion RMB (73 billion US

dollars) every year.



7.4. GRID CONNECTION PROBLEMS

7.4.1. Law Problems

The problem declared in the twelfth five years planning in solar energy, both PV and CSP, is that to realize the

solar energy’s transformation from supplement energy to main source of energy, the cost must be reduced, and

therefore it needs to rely on technology progress and the large scale of the application.

At present, the problems and needs of solar industry and market in China exists mainly in the following six aspects, as 12th FYP says: 1. The solar silicon and key supporting materials;

2. The sun battery;

3. Production equipment;

4. Photovoltaic system;

5. The solar energy light heat utilization;

6. Test and platform.

7.4.2. Technology Problems

The development of Renewable Energies has been very fast, especially Wind and Photovoltaic so it has become

the main problem in terms of Grid connection, since some projects had to wait several months before being

connected to the National Grid.

Also the difficulty to transmit the power from western to eastern since there are long transmission distances from

2000 km to 4000km (depend on the location of the plant) leads to substantial energy wastage.

Many wind farms operators complained of wasting wind power. At the same time, the state power grid also says,

because of wind and solar power is random, intermittent, the output change quickly, if units do not have ability to

adjust active power in the area where water, oil, gas source is lack, only use thermal power unit which have a

slower speed on adjusting the active power, it’s hard to adapt to the rapid changes. Therefore, it can't guarantee

grid frequency stability.

Although there has been a big investment, the National Grid requires a better development if Chinese

Government expect to integrate Renewable Energy Projects nowadays and for the future. Moreover the plans are

very interesting but according to statistics from CWEA and CEC, approximately 30% of the wind-installed capacity

in China is not connected to the Grid.



At present, China is at a stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. China's electricity

demand is expected to continue to grow rapidly at a rate of 8.5 percent annually over the next two years.

Mostly in the State Grid region a tight power supply will occur again in 2012 due to increasing demand (which will

increase continuously until reaching average consumption) and growth in new power plants.

The maximum load of the State Grid region is expected to reach 635 million kilowatts and the power shortage

during the summer peak period will reach 49 million kilowatts.

The maximum shortages from North China, East China and Central China Power Grid respectively are 10 million,

25 million and 14 million kilowatts. Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province account for 17% of the maximum load

with shortages of 13.4 million and 9.3 million kilowatts.

China Southern Power Grid (CSG) also revealed that the whole power network in its region will continue

shortages throughout the year due to flood season and insufficient generating capacity. The maximum shortage is

between 8 million to 14 million kilowatts during the summer peak period, which has lead that in some regions the

households have to do a controlled consumption. The biggest shortage is at Guangdong Province, the most

populated province with around 100 million people inhabitants and where many factories are located.

Apart from the logistic advanced that a UHV Grid will take to the country another important motivation for SGCC

to deploy UHV is to develop this new technology, becoming a worldwide leader in this sector and the industrial

revolution that could create the construction of this Grid since many new Chinese companies could enter, like for

instance UHV, smart grid or distribution network equipment and also the amount of new jobs positions for the

construction of the Grid.

After this experience the country succeeds in the operation of both UHV AC and DC lines at full capacity could

take the profit not only of lessons learned by developing this projects but also by exporting their manufacturing

products, engineering companies, construction companies,… to other markets. In fact the State Grid Company has

already deployed some distributions network projects in Philippines and Brazil.

Nevertheless being this technology leader will involve also a high risk since there are not foreign experiences

available in other foreign countries to build this network so there very big investments in research and

development will be needed.



7.4.3. Cost Problems

Industry experts in the Chinese CSP market pointed out, solar-thermal power generation unit investment is

difficult to promote, if its cost is 50,000 RMB of/KW and above. If the cost can drop to 30,000 RMB/KW, the

market began to appear. If dropping again to 15,000 RMB/KW, the market will be very big. Then to 10,000

RMB/KW, the market could be immeasurable.

At present, the solar-thermal power generation is still in its initial and conceived stage. Government policy and

support is indispensable, especially in the two aspects of electricity price and connection that should be given

more support.

The strategy of placing some of the projects in isolated areas were the renewable resources are good have

created imbalance and the Grid is not able to transmit all the generated electricity, since the interconnection of

provincial grids is not very good.

Figure 89. Regional Grids Interconnection in 2010

Due to a lack of incentives, Chinese Grid Companies have been reluctant to accept large amounts of wind or

photovoltaic power into their systems even though the Renewable Energy Law says that the energy coming from

renewable energy sources have priority.

It is important to highlight that some renewable energies like wind and photovoltaic have had some grid

problems mainly because of the supply instability and thus some doubts has arisen for encouraging some

renewable energies like wind or PV. However, CSP plants are welcome because can work like conventional plants

generating a more a stable amount of energy to the grid.



7.5. POSSIBLE FUTURE IN ASIA

A year after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, the DESERTEC Foundation and the Japan Renewable Energy

Foundation (JREF) signed a MoU to exchange knowledge and know-how, and coordinate work to develop suitable

framework conditions for the deployment of renewable energies and to establish transnational cooperation in

Greater East Asia.

Figure 90. Asia Grid connections

The aim is to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy in Asia to provide secure and sustainable

alternatives to fossil and nuclear energies.

The Asia Super Grid Initiative to facilitate an electricity system based fully on renewable energy and the DESERTEC

Concept in Greater East Asia has already conducted a feasibility study on potential grid corridors to make best use

of the region’s desert sun.

Figure 91. Possible future connections. Source Desertec



8. OUTLOOK FOR 2012 AND BEYOND

8.1. TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP IN CHINA BY IEECAS

The technology road map is divided in four technologies. The tendency while we move forward the different

technologies from first to fourth is to continue improve the efficiency with the goal of 35% in the fourth

technology of CSP by increase the temperature from 230 ºC to 1100 ºC and change the fluids to transmit the heat.

Parameter 1st Technology 2nd

Technology 3rd Technology 4th Technology

Efficiency (%) 12 20 30 35

Temperature (º C) 230-430 375-530 650-950 800-1100

Medium Water/oil Molten salt/

ionic liquid Air Solid

2006-2010 1 Mwepilot 0.1 Mwt 1 Mwtbasic 0.02 Mwtconcept

2011-2015 5 Mwepilot

100 Mwedemo

1 Mwepilot 5

Mwepilot 5 Mwtpilot 1 Mwtbasic

2016-2020 100-1000

Mwepromotion 10 Mwedemo 1 Mwepilot 10 Mwtpilot

2021-2025 100

Mwepromotion 5 Mwedemo 1 Mwepilot

2026-2030 100

Mwepromotion 10 Mweenlarge

Table 147. Roadmap of CSP in China. Source IEECAS

The first technology is oil, with temperatures from 230oC to 430oC. The second technology, molten salt, which can

increase output temperatures from 375oC to even more than 500oC. In the next step we find air which could reach

temperatures from 650 to 950oC and finally solid which temperatures could go from 800 to 1100oC.

The above chart shows the initial plans by IEECAS. Research if focus on materials (mirrors, storage, coating, etc.),

high flux irradiation to heat (salt or supercritical steam), thermodynamic efficiency, system simulation and

environmental impact.



In the Publication of ESTELA “Solar Thermal Electricity 2025” written by A.T. Kearney (Figure 92) with the

collaboration of ESTELA the STE will be deployed in four big steps:

1. Pioneer phase

2. Commercial ramp-up

3. Major Technology improvement

4. Large scale deployment

China at this moment is in the first stage in a pioneer phase with the deployment of CSP pilot projects and trying

to reach in a next stage the commercial projects in the most suitable provinces (Gansu and Qinghai in first place).

The current problem in the country is that the FIT that the China’s policy is issuing are close to 11 eurocents per

kwh which are values of third stage an even far from Spanish market so that is one of the reasons why the market

is not developing at the moment.

Figure 92. Source ESTELA and A.T. Kearney

However in the rest of the world, mostly in Spain, United States and MENA, the Solar Thermal Electricity have

reached the commercial ramp-up and for example in markets like Morocco, there is a PPA (Power purchase

agreement) with an utility company of 14 cents Euro which means the sector is going in the right direction, even

though nowadays there are less than 2 GW installed all over the world.



8.2. TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP IN CHINA BY INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

The situation of the World Market in terms of installed capacity in operation, under construction or promotion as

estimated by ESTELA in their Position Paper is shown in Figure 93.

Also there is an estimation of the installed capacity in all potential countries by 2050 in Figure 93, in which China

would have 80 GW constructed and will play an important role in the global market (see red bar):

Figure 93. CSP Installed Capacity and Estimations in the World. Source ESTELA



Apart from the general analysis performed in point 2 of this document (Overview of Chinese Renewable Market)

the International Energy Agency (IEA) show in Figure a double chart where:

In the left vertical axis is placed the cost of energy per MWh with two scenarios of DNI (2000 and

2600kwh/m2/year) and in the right vertical axis the total energy production by country.

In the horizontal axis the graphic (Figure 94) shows in a time scale the different scenarios until 2050 where China

could produce around 500 Twh/year coming from CSP.

Figure 94. Decreasing cost and increasing production. Source IEA

By 2050, with appropriate support, CSP could provide 11.3% of global electricity, with 9.6% from solar power and

1.7% from backup fuels (fossil fuels or biomass).

This roadmap envisions North America as the largest producing and consuming region for CSP electricity, followed

by Africa, India and the Middle East. Northern Africa has the potential to be a large exporter (mainly to Europe) as

its high solar resource largely compensates for the additional cost of long transmission lines.



Also IEA showed the repartition of the direct normal irradiance (DNI) in kWh/m2 /year all around the world, and

over this irradiance map the production and consumption of CSP electricity (in TWh) by world region in 2050 in

the most suitable places as foreseen in last roadmap.

The Black arrows represent transfers of CSP electricity from sunniest regions or countries to large electricity

demand centers.

Figure 95. Production and consumption of CSP electricity by 2050. Sources: Breyer & Knies, 2009 based on DNI

data from DLR-ISIS and IEA Analysis.

Country Consumption 2050 (Twh) Production 2050(Twh)

North America 1358 1358

South America 325 325

EU and Turkey 699 12

Africa 494 959

Middle East 407 517

China 264 264

India 670 670

Table 148. Global CSP Market 2050 Estimation. Source IEA



Finally the forecast of IEA for the different stages in CSP each ten years after 2050 will be as in Figure 96 where

the number of installed capacity of 60 GW have an approximation to the 80 GW estimate by ESTELA in the Figure

93:

Figure 96. Capacity, Generation and Consumption of CSP in the world. Source IEA

For Generation and Consumption of electricity coming from CSP, this estimation of IEA by 2050 shows

264 Twh.



9. CONCLUSIONS

a. First of all it is interesting to highlight the importance of concentrating solar power for the future because

this way of producing energy has several advantages versus PV and other renewable energies, but especially two

most remarkable:

i. CSP gives the possibility of generating quality clean energy with the possibility of storage,

which could generate electricity not only during the day but also at the second peak of

demand, stabilizing the grid with the balance between supply and demand.

ii. CSP provides the possibility of integration with coal, the main important source of energy in

China and therefore the possibility of reducing carbon emissions in an easy way.

b. China has a very rich resource of solar radiation, the solar radiation of China land is 1.7 trillion ton of

standard coal which means a potential power generation about 42000 TWh/year, much more than current needs

of 5000 TWh/year for power generation in 2011. In other words, the solar resource is 8 times more than the

consumption and therefore 100% of the Electricity Demand could be supplied by Solar Thermal Electricity Plants.

Nº Province/Municipality/ Autonomous Region /

Special Administrative Region GW TWh/yr

1 Gansu 455.00 1,142.00

2 Hebei 26.00 64.00

3 Heilongjiang 7.00 17.00

4 Inner Mongolia 6,059.00 15,170.00

5 Qinghai 2,751.00 7,100.00

6 Shaanxi 9.00 21.00

7 Shanxi 18.00 44.00

8 Sichuan 56.00 140.00

9 Xinjiang 5,040.00 13,300.00

10 Xizang (Tibet) 1,720.00 5,530.00

Total 16,145.00 42,538.00

Table 149. China Solar Energy Potential

Among these ten provinces with potential resources, five are the best to develop big scale projects, which are

shown in bold type in table (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet). Also within these five provinces,

it seems that the best two are Qinghai and Gansu, because of the mix of total solar resource and proximity to the

consumption areas.



c. In terms of legislation it is interesting to have a look at the solar power generation in the 12th Five-Year

Plan which is going to be developed in the next five years 2010-2015 energy policy. In addition, in the forthcoming

Five-Year Plan on Renewable Energy Development, targeted installed capacity of solar thermal power in 2015 is 1

million KW (1GW) while that in 2020 is 3 million KW (3GW), which means China wants to play a role in the CSP

market.

According to the plan, in the next 5 years, regions with good light condition, wide land areas and adequate water

resources will serve as small-scale pilot areas of solar thermal power projects to promote industry development

to later extend to big-scale commercial projects. Nevertheless, the Government before really betting for this

technology wants to:

1. Have a real CSP structure supply chain of Chinese companies;

2. See at least two CSP plants constructed and operating; one power tower plant and one parabolic trough

to have an inside impression on how they work.

d. From the 4 different technologies in CSP (dish, Fresnel, power tower and parabolic trough) the tendency

of the market is to focus on Parabolic Trough technology since it is the most developed and tested all around the

world, but also there is a big opportunity for Power Tower Technology, because of the better efficiency and better

behave to tough temperatures.

Figure 97. Probably Future Technologies in China

e. A summary of all the projects in China, close to operation, under construction or planned will be shown in

table and also a map of their locations by technology:



f. Apart from all the projects, the real situation of the Chinese CSP market is starting. Today the

only real bid project was the 50 MW parabolic trough in Erdos, Inner Mongolia which is plan to be the

first demonstration project in China. The developer will be China Datang Corporation Renewable Power

Co. with a feed-in tariff of 0.94 RMB/KWh, 25 years of operation, a construction period of 30 months,

and a proportion of gas less than 10% and with molten salt storage.

There are also some pilot projects in course like the 1 MWe Dahan Tower plant located in the district of

Beijing (Yanqing) at Badaling town (Tower 42 m height with 100*100 m2 of heliostats in property of

IEECAS), 1MW Dish and Fresnel power plant in Sanya, Hainan and 180 Kw parabolic trough power plant

in Xinjiang.

Currently the concentrated solar power demonstration projects approved in China by the NDRC are five

considered as under construction but in a very early stage. In terms of technology three of them are

parabolic trough and two of them are unknown but with a high probability to be parabolic through. Two

of them are financed by ADB (Asian Development Bank) the project of Gansu and the Delingha project in

Qinghai both parabolic trough and probably the first, which are going to be deployed, also with Erdos

project.

The location of the plants has been studied according to the direct solar radiation and the geographical

adaptation to the terrain conditions. All of them are placed in the provinces around North and North-

West of China.

Table 150. Approved Projects in China.

g. In terms of Research and Development, the Institute of reference is IEECAS (Institute of

Electrical Engineering and Chinese Academy of Science), which is coordinating the China subsidies on

CSP in their offices and also in Badaling Plant where apart from the Power Tower Pilot project they are

managing the first prototypes of the different technologies within CSP.

Location Developer MW Capacity Technology

1. Gansu, Jinta China Huadian 50 Parabolic Trough

2. Inner Mongolia, Erdos China Datang 50 Parabolic Trough

3. Ningxia Hanasi

92.5

(where 40 MW

will be CSP)

Parabolic Trough (ISCC

Project)

4. Qinghai, Delingha China Guangdong

Nuclear 50

Parabolic Trough

5.Qinghai,

Geermu/Golmud

China Power

Investment 50-100

Parabolic Trough or

Tower

TOTAL 342.5



Nowadays, there are some test projects operating around 200kw, also some test parabolic trough loops

at IEECAS laboratories. The next plant into operation is going to be the IEECAS plant in Badaling, Beijing

with a power of 1MW. It is power tower and the first pilot project in China which should be extrapolate

d to a next stage starting a commercialisation power tower project in other province in China with more

potential resource (Qinghai for instance).

h. The main important developers in China in terms of CSP are divided in two groups, Big 5 and

other important developers:

Nº Big 5 developers Other developers Comments

1 China Huadian China Guandong Nuclear

2 China Guodian Hanas New Energy

3 China Datang Inner Mongolia Lenon

New Energy

4 China Power

Investment

Corporation

Baoding Tianwei Group In combination with other developers. Focus

on engineering and steel structured

manufacturing.

5 China Huaneng Shanghai Guodian In combination with other developers. Focus

on system design and consultancy.

Table 151. Project Developers in China.

Utilities in China find two problems to develop CSP technology at the moment:

1. Low price making the plant difficult to profit

2. Lack of experience in EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) in the

deployment of CSP Plants and also in O&M (Operation and Maintenance).

The total planned installed capacity in China in short and long term:

Solar Installed Capacity (Short

term)

Solar Installed Capacity (Long

term)

TOTAL (MW) 1370.8 6099

TOTAL (GW) 1.37 6.1


Around 1.4 GW of CSP projects in short term are in preparation in PRC to be operating by the date of

2015 and around 6 GW of CSP projects are planning to turn into construction before 2020.

i. It looks like that China do not need a lot help in terms of manufacturing (as it has been shown in

the Solar Thermal Electricity Sector point), except technologic issues like molten salt receiver in power

tower, System Integration and EPC.



A summary of some of the most important issues in a CSP Plant in China and its capacity in each of them

at this moment:

ISSUE CAPACITY

Power Block China has a lot of experience since many aspects will be similar to

conventional plants

Steel Structure China has big capacity

Gear Box China has big capacity

Mirrors Some of the bigger manufacturers could create a new production line.

Receivers Some local companies are doing in Steam Receiver. They need help

with the molten salt receiver

System Integration China needs help in system integration for the whole management

of the plant in operation.

EPC China needs help since Chinese companies do not have experience in

developing CSP Plants.

Table 153. Capacity of China Market.

j. In terms of Grid Connections, some other renewable energies have had some grid problems

mainly because of the supply instability and thus some doubts has arisen for encouraging some

renewable energies like wind or PV.

However, CSP plants are welcome because they can work like conventional plants generating a more

stable amount of energy to the grid. For this reason, SGCC has a good impression of this kind of plants.

A large investment would be needed to solve the large distance of some solar resource areas, big

investments have been done and some HDVC grids have been constructing for the transmission from

Western Areas of China due to the large distance.



k. There are huge opportunities in China, for instance:

Opportunity of developing Tower Technology in some of the cases instead of parabolic trough

because of better efficiency, less water consumption and being less exposed to temperature

changes.

Development of Hybrid Plants (ISCC-Integrated Solar Combined Cycle) with gas or coal which it

could reduce the release of carbon emissions to the atmosphere.

Promotion of the deployment of CSP plants with storage because of the better adjustment

between the supply and demand curve and a better optimisation of the plant.

Figure 98. Combination of storage and hybridization in a solar plant. Source: Dr. Michael Geyer,

SolarPACES Annual Report, 2007.

Development of air or hybrid cooling systems to decrease the water consumption in the scarcity

water areas of China.

Deployment of New Ultra High Voltage Grid, both Alternate and Direct Current.

l. Finally, there are also huge challenges in China regarding developing CSP and especially

parabolic trough like the areas of high latitude, were diurnal temperature range is big (Minus 30-40 at

night). Also, the water shortage in North-Western Area, the continuous decline of PV price and the

difficulty to transmit the power from western to eastern since there is long transmission distance from

2000 to 4000km leads to substantial energy wastage. So as time goes by, it will be seen if these

challenges can be overcome.



10. REFERENCES

Some of the references used:

Chinese companies



http://www.e-cubetech.com/





http://www.cgdc.com.cn/

http://events.cbichina.com/con/ccsp2011/index.html






http://www.twnesolar.com/

http://www.cleanenergyexpochina.com/?gclid=CIq_ttH3va0CFcJgTAodo0F8_g

http://www.cspasia.org/

http://events.cbichina.com/con/accsps2012/index.html



Foreign Companies

http://www.abengoasolar.es/

http://www.solar-reserve.com/

http://www.ferrostaal.com/es/

http://www.3tier.com/en/

http://www.solarbuzz.com/

http://www.bakermckenzie.com/

http://www.kpmg.com/cn/en/Pages/default.aspx

http://sgtresearch.com/



http://www.e-cubetech.com/





http://www.cgdc.com.cn/







http://www.twnesolar.com/






http://www.abengoasolar.es/

http://www.solar-reserve.com/

http://www.ferrostaal.com/es/

http://www.3tier.com/en/

http://www.solarbuzz.com/

http://www.bakermckenzie.com/

http://www.kpmg.com/cn/en/Pages/default.aspx

http://sgtresearch.com/



http://www.trustedsources.co.uk/

http://www.s2msolutions.com/about.php

Chinese Associations, Government Entities and Institutes

http://english.ieecas.cn/

http://en.chsel.com/

http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/

http://english.ieexa.cas.cn/


http://www.eri.org.cn/

http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/


http://en.nafste.org/index.php?option=com_content&module=22&sortid=0&artid=366





http://english.cec.org.cn/

Foreign Associations, International Agencies and Institutes, Banks and others.

http://www.nrel.gov/

http://iea.org/

http://www.gwec.net/

http://www.evwind.es/


http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/china/index_en.htm

http://www.adb.org/

http://www.irena.org/home/index.aspx?PriMenuID=12&mnu=Pri

http://es.wikipedia.org

http://www.helioscsp.com/


http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html

http://www.cwea.org.cn/

http://www.trustedsources.co.uk/

http://www.s2msolutions.com/about.php

http://english.ieecas.cn/

http://en.chsel.com/

http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/

http://english.ieexa.cas.cn/


http://www.eri.org.cn/

http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/


http://en.nafste.org/index.php?option=com_content&module=22&sortid=0&artid=366





http://english.cec.org.cn/

http://www.nrel.gov/

http://iea.org/

http://www.gwec.net/

http://www.evwind.es/


http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/china/index_en.htm

http://www.adb.org/

http://www.irena.org/home/index.aspx?PriMenuID=12&mnu=Pri

http://es.wikipedia.org/

http://www.helioscsp.com/


http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html

http://www.cwea.org.cn/



ANNEXES

ANNEXE 1. ACRONYMS

ADB – Asian Development Bank

BIPV– Building Integrated Photovoltaic

BT– Business Tax

CAPEX – Capital Expenditures

CAS – Chinese academy of Sciences

CDM – Clean development mechanism

CEC – China electricity council

CNY (RMB) – Chinese Yuan equal to Renminbi

CGN – China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group

CHEC – China Huadian Engineering Company

CIT – Corporate Income Tax

CNREC – China National Renewable Energy Centre

CPC – Communist Party of China or Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

CPPCC – People's Political Consultative Conference

CSEP– China Sustainable Program

CSP – Concentrating Solar Thermal

CSP – Concentrating Solar Power

CWEA– Chinese Wind Energy Association

DLR – Germany's national research center for aeronautics and space

DNI – Direct Normal Irradiation

DOE – Department of Energy (US)

DRC– Development and Reform Agencies or Bureaus

EPBs – Environmental Protection Bureaus

EPC – Engineering, Procurement and Construction

EPCM – Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Management

ERI – Energy Research Institute

ESTELA – European Solar Thermal Electricity Association

EWEA – European Wind Energy Association

FIT – Feed In Tariff



GDP – Gross Domestic Product

GHI – Global Horizontal Insulation or Irradiation

GW – Gigawatt

GWEC– Global Wind Energy Council

HNTE – High New Technology Enterprise

HTF – Heat Transfer Fluid

HVAC – High Voltage Alternating Current

HVDC – High Voltage Direct Current

IEA – International Energy Agency

IEECAS – Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Science

IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency

ISCCS – Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System

ISO – International Standard Organization

JSCBs – Joint stock commercial banks

kWe – electric kilowatt

kWh – kilowatt-hour

kWt – thermal kilowatt

LCOE – Leveraged cost of Electricity

LF – Linear Fresnel reflector system

MENA – Middle East and North Africa

MOF – Ministry of Finance

MOFCOM – Ministry of Commerce

MOST – Ministry of Science and Technology

MOU – Memorandum of understanding

MTC – Manufacturing Tax Credit

Mtoe – Million tonnes of oil equivalent

MW – Megawatt

MWe – Electric Megawatt

MWh – Megawatt per Hour

MWt – Thermal Megawatt



NASTE – National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission

NEA – National Energy Administration

NEC –National Energy Commission

NPC– National People’s Congress

NREL – National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NWEPDI – Northwest Electric Power Design Institute

OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OPEX – Operational expenditure

O&M – Operation and Management costs

PPA – Power Purchase Agreement

PPP – Power Purchase Price

PRC – People's Republic of China

PROTERMOSOLAR – Spanish association of thermo-electric industry

PSA – Plataforma Solar de Almería

PT – Parabolic Troughs

PTC – Parabolic-trough collector

PV – Photovoltaic

R&D – Research and Development

RE – Renewable Energy

REC – Renewable Energy Certificate

REN21 – Renewable Energy Policy network for 21st Century

RMB (CNY) – Renminbi, equal to Yuan

R&D – Research and Development



SDPC – State Development and Planning Commission

SEGS – Solar Energy Generating System

SEIA – Solar Energy Industries Association

SEPA – State Environmental Protection Administration

SERC – State Electricity Regulatory Commission

SETC – solar and environmental technologies corporation

SETC – State Economic and Trade Commission

SOCBs – State owned commercial banks

SPC – State planning commission

SPC – State Power Corporation

STE – Solar Thermal Electricity

TES – Thermal energy storage

UHV– Ultra High voltage

UHVAC – Ultra high voltage alternating current

UHVDC – Ultra High voltage direct current

WACC – Weighted Average Cost of Capital

WEO – World Energy Outlook 2011

WREN – World Renewable Energy



ANNEXE 2. LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. CSP Value Chain .............................................................................................................................. 7

Figure 2. GDP Map of China. Source Chinese local Government ................................................................... 9

Figure 3. Map of China provinces by density ............................................................................................... 11

Figure 4. Areas of China Provinces ............................................................................................................. 13

Figure 5. Map of Administrative Division in China ...................................................................................... 15

Figure 6. Area Distribution in China ............................................................................................................ 15

Figure 7. Percentage of Energy Consumption by non-fossil fuels 12th FYP.................................................. 18

Figure 8. Primary Energy Supply by International Energy Agency .............................................................. 19

Figure 9. International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011). ............................. 20

Figure 10. Electricity Consumption. Source CEC and IEA 2010 .................................................................... 21

Figure 11. Electricity Generation in 2009 (TWH) International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook

2011 (WEO 2011). ....................................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 12. China Power Generation by Sector ............................................................................................. 22

Figure 13. International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011). ........................... 23

Figure 14. Countries by carbon dioxide emissions. Source Energy Policy of China ..................................... 25

Figure 15. CO2 emission per capita/ per year/ per country. Source Energy Policy of China ....................... 25

Figure 16. Electricity Production mix for China. Source Chinese Academy of Science ................................ 26

Figure 17. Installed Capacity 2020 .............................................................................................................. 27

Figure 18. Hydropower China Forecast ....................................................................................................... 29

Figure 19. Wind Power onshore China Forecast ......................................................................................... 30

Figure 20. Wind Power offshore China Forecast ......................................................................................... 30

Figure 21. Nuclear China Forecast............................................................................................................... 31

Figure 22. Biomass China Forecast .............................................................................................................. 32

Figure 23. PV China Forecast ....................................................................................................................... 33

Figure 24. CSP China Forecast ..................................................................................................................... 33

Figure 25. Reduction of carbon dioxide emission distribution in China. Source Deutsche Bank analysis ... 34

Figure 26. Hierarchy of laws in China .......................................................................................................... 35

Figure 27. Hierarchy of laws in China detailed version ............................................................................... 36

Figure 28. Hierarchy of programs in China in CSP ....................................................................................... 37

Figure 29. System of Spatial Policy in China ................................................................................................ 38

Figure 30. Flow diagram of Approval Stages in China. Own Elaboration ................................................... 43

Figure 31. Local Government System .......................................................................................................... 43

Figure 32. Environmental Approval Stages in China. Source CREIA ............................................................ 47

Figure 33. Government Action Plan Source by ADB .................................................................................... 48

Figure 34. Map of FIT. Source NDRC ........................................................................................................... 51

Figure 35. Source GWEC ............................................................................................................................. 52

Figure 36. Map of Distribution of Energy Capacity 2010. Source CWEA .................................................... 52

Figure 37. Useful Resource in China ........................................................................................................... 54

Figure 38. Useful Resource in China ........................................................................................................... 54



Figure 39. Map of Solar Resource in China. Source NREL............................................................................ 55

Figure 40. PV Projects Distribution Source Solarbuzz .................................................................................. 56

Figure 41. Solar DNI Classes in China .......................................................................................................... 58

Figure 42. Solar Global Horizontal Insulation by Class ................................................................................ 59

Figure 43. Land Slope by Class..................................................................................................................... 60

Figure 44. Map of Land Use and Protected Areas ....................................................................................... 61

Figure 45. Potential Provincial Resources ................................................................................................... 64

Figure 46. Solar Resource with slope <1% ................................................................................................... 65



Figure 49. Global Concentrating Solar Power Markets ............................................................................... 69

Figure 50. Expected Technology Markets in the World ............................................................................... 70

Figure 51. Expected LCOE reductions from 2012 to 2050. Source ESTELA .................................................. 70

Figure 52. Source IEECAS ............................................................................................................................. 72

Figure 53. PT Prototypes Own Elaboration ................................................................................................. 74

Figure 54. Power Tower Heliostats. Source IEECAS ..................................................................................... 75

Figure 55. Dish Stirling Prototypes .............................................................................................................. 76

Figure 56. Dish Strirling Prototypes ............................................................................................................. 77

Figure 57. Fresnel Prototypes ...................................................................................................................... 78

Figure 58. Dahan Power Plant Location. Source ADB ................................................................................. 79

Figure 59. Dahan Power Plant. Source ADB ................................................................................................ 79

Figure 60. Photos of Dahan Power Plant .................................................................................................... 81

Figure 61. Photo of Dahan Power Plant ...................................................................................................... 81

Figure 62. Functional scheme of the parabolic trough plant with thermal storage ................................... 82

Figure 63. Jinta Power Plant Location ......................................................................................................... 84

Figure 64. Golmud Power Plant Location .................................................................................................... 85

Figure 65. Delingha Location plant ............................................................................................................. 86

Figure 66. Ningxia Power Plant Location .................................................................................................... 87

Figure 67. CSP China Plant Locations .......................................................................................................... 91

Figure 68. Pyramidal Structure of CSP Project. Source ADB ...................................................................... 124

Figure 69. China Grid Structure ................................................................................................................. 232

Figure 70. North China Grid Sketch ........................................................................................................... 233

Figure 71. North China Grid Sketch ........................................................................................................... 234

Figure 72. Central China Grid Sketch ......................................................................................................... 234

Figure 73. Land suitable for CSP in PRC Source UMME and ADB .............................................................. 236

Figure 74. Short-Long Term Projects by Province in China (MW) ............................................................. 239

Figure 75. China Grid Map ........................................................................................................................ 240

Figure 76. China Grid Companies. Source: State Grid Corp. of China ........................................................ 241

Figure 77. Power Grid Companies in China ............................................................................................... 242

Figure 78. Map of Chinese Grid Companies with separated Southern provinces ..................................... 243



Figure 79. Map of Installed capacity and Energy Production in China in 2005. ........................................ 245

Figure 80. Chinese Power Network in 2005............................................................................................... 246

Figure 81. Coal Resources in China ............................................................................................................ 247

Figure 82. National Grid 2010 Plan. Source State Grid ............................................................................. 248

Figure 83. Schematic Network. Source State Grid ..................................................................................... 249

Figure 84. Chinese Grid Plan in 2020. Source State Grid ........................................................................... 250

Figure 85. Concept of UHV Transmission Network. Source: SGCC, TS. ...................................................... 251

Figure 86. Map of Chinese UHV AC Source. State Grid ............................................................................. 252

Figure 87. Map of UHV DC Chinese Grid connection. Source SGCC, CSG and TS ....................................... 253

Figure 88. Grid Investments. Source CEC ................................................................................................... 258

Figure 89. Regional Grids Interconnection in 2010 ................................................................................... 261

Figure 90. Asia Grid connections ............................................................................................................... 262

Figure 91. Possible future connections. Source Desertec .......................................................................... 262

Figure 92. Source ESTELA and A.T. Kearney .............................................................................................. 264

Figure 93. CSP Installed Capacity and Estimations in the World. Source ESTELA ..................................... 265

Figure 94. Decreasing cost and increasing production. Source IEA........................................................... 266

Figure 95. Production and consumption of CSP electricity by 2050. Sources: Breyer & Knies, 2009 based

on DNI data from DLR-ISIS and IEA Analysis. ............................................................................................ 267

Figure 96. Capacity, Generation and Consumption of CSP in the world. Source IEA ................................ 268

Figure 97. Probably Future Technologies in China .................................................................................... 270

Figure 98. Combination of storage and hybridization in a solar plant. Source: Dr. Michael Geyer,

SolarPACES Annual Report, 2007. ............................................................................................................. 275



ANNEXE 3. LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. GDP of Different provinces in China

Table 3. Density Population in China

Table 4. International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011).

Table5. Electricity Generation in 2009 (TWH) International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook

2011 (WEO 2011).

Table 6. Installed Capacity International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2011 (WEO 2011).

Table 7. Carbon Emission Values in China. Source Energy Policy of China

Table 8.Electicity Production in China in 2020. Figure Source ERI

Table 9. Installed Capacity in China 2020. Source ERI

Table 10. Non-Fossil Fuel Installed Capacity Estimation. Source NEA

Table11. Hydropower Install Capacity in China


Table 13- Nuclear Install Capacity in China

Table 14. Biomass Install Capacity in China

Table 15. Solar Energy Install Capacity

Table 16. NREL and own elaboration

Table 17. Foreign Investment Categories

Table 18. Years of Grant depend on Land Use

Table 19. Special PV Provincial Tariffs Source NDRC

Table 20. Useful Resources in China. Source IEECAS

Table 21. Own Elaboration. Source IEECAS



Table 24. DNI 7 kwh/m2day

Table 25. Total Potential of Solar Power and Energy by province

Table 26. Installed Capacity Comparison with the main countries in CSP

Table 27. Potential Generation of Solar Energy

Table 28. Approved Projects in China. Source Intersolar

Table 29. Parabolic Trough Prototypes

Table 30. Dahan Power Plant Parameters

Table 31. Dahan Power Plant Stakeholders

Table 32. General Parameters of Future Demonstration Plants

Table 33. Erdos Solar Plant Parameters

Table 34. Companies’ bids

Table 35. Golmud Project Location Parameters


Table 37. Summary of projects

Table 38. The central people’s government



Table 39. NDRC

Table 40. National Energy Administration

Table 41. CNREC

Table 42. Ministry of Finance

Table 43. Ministry of Science and Technology

Table 44. Price Bureau

Table 45. Tibet Government

Table 46. Gansu Government

Table 47. Inner Mongolia Government

Table 48. Qinghai Government

Table 49. Xinjiang Government

Table 50. National Alliance for Solar Thermal Energy

Table 51. Gansu Provincial CSP Innovation Strategy Alliance

Table 52. Largest Banks

Table 53. ICBC

Table 54. Beijing Bank

Table 55. Hangzhou Bank

Table 56. China Development Bank

Table 57. Asian Development Bank

Table 58. The World Bank

Table 59. Shenhua guohua energy investment co.ltd

Table 59a. Heilongjiang ZhongJing new energy Co., LTD.

Table 59b. Zhejiang Sanhua Co., Ltd,

Table 60. IEE CAS

Table 61. IET CAS

Table 62.IMR CAS

Table 63.Shanghai Institute of Ceramics

Table 64. Changchun Ins. of Optics Fine Mechanical and Physics

Table 65. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry

Table 66. Tsinghua University

Table 67.Wuhan University of Technology

Table 68. Sun Yat-San University

Table 69. Beijing University of Technology

Table 70. Xi’an JiaoTong University

Table 71. Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

Table 72. Dongwan University of Technology

Table 73. North China Electric Power University

Table 74. China Datang Corporation

Table 75. Datang Corporation Renewable Power

Table 76. China Guodian Cooperation



Table 77. Guodian New Energy Technology Research Institute

Table 78. China Huadian Cooperation

Table 79. China Huadian Engineering Co

Table 80. Huadian New Energy Development Co., Ltd

Table 81. China Huaneng Group

Table 82. Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute

Table 83. Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited

Table 84. China Power Investment Cooperation

Table 85. China Guangdong Nuclear Solar Energy

Table 86. Lenon New Energy

Table 87. Hanas New Energy Group

Table 88.Shanghai Gongdian

Table 89. Shanghai Gongdian

Table 90. Tianwei (Chengdu) Solar Thermal Power Development Co., Ltd.

Table 91. Tianjin Solar & Environmental Corp.

Table 92. Beijing Control Industrial Computer Corp.

Table 93. China Three Gorge Corporation

Table 94. Guangdong Yudean Group Co.Ltd

Table 95. CAMDA

Table 96. Shandong Jinjing Technology Co., Ltd.


Table 98. Jiuquan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.

Table 99. Zhejiang Wanxiang Group

Table 100. Xinjiang Baoan New Energy Mining Co., Ltd.

Table 101. Weifang Changsheng Nitrate Co., Ltd.

Table 102. Xiaxian Yunli Chemical Co., Ltd.

Table 103. Zhejiang Daming Glass Co., Ltd.

Table 104. Rayspower New Energy Co., Ltd.


Table 106. IEECAS

Table 107. Himin Solar Energy

Table 108. Beijing Sunda Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

Table 109. Huayuan New Energy

Table 110. Linuo Solar Thermal Group Co., Ltd.

Table 111. Sunrain New Energy

Table 112. Huiyin Group

Table 113. Lanzhou Dacheng Technology Co., Ltd.

Table 114. Beijing Tianruixing Solar Thermal Technology Co. Ltd

Table 115. Beijing Jingcheng Cailong Steel Structure Co., Ltd.

Table 116. Jiangsu Henglida Machine Co., Ltd.



Table 117. Baotou Hydraulic Mechanical Plant

Table 118. Beijing Tianyi Energy Technology

Table 119. Zhejiang Supcon Solar Energy

Table 120. Beijing Guodian Zhishen Control Technology Co., Ltd.

Table 121. Nanjing Sciyon Automation Group Co., Ltd.

Table 122. Changzhou Pressure Container Testing Ins.

Table 123. Taihu Boiler Co., Ltd.

Table 124. Changsha Boiler Co., Ltd.

Table 125. Dongfang Electric Group

Table 126. Shanghai Electric Group

Table 127. Harbin Turbine Co., Ltd.

Table 128. Hangzhou Steam Turbine

Table 129. Nanjing Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.

Table 130. Xi’an Aero-Engine PLC

Table 131. CAMDA

Table 132. Beijing Zhonghang General Equipment Co., Ltd.

Table 133. Penglai Electric Power Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Table 134. Shanghai Gongdian Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

Table 135. China Datang Corporation_Datang Gansu Power Generation Co., Ltd.

Table 136. Guodian Xinjiang Power Co., Ltd.

Table 137. China Guangdong Nuclear_China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd.

Table 138. Huaneng Tibet Power Generation Co., Ltd

Table 139.Huaneng Gansu Energy Development Co., Ltd

Table 140. Huaneng Xinjiang Energy Development Co., Ltd

Table 141. Huaneng Hainan Power Generation Co., Ltd

Table 141a. China Huadian Engineering Co.,Ltd

Table 141b. North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd (NCPE)

Table 141c. Northwest Electric Power Design Institute (NWEPDI)

Table 142. State Grid Company of China (SGCC)

Table 143. China South Grid Company

Table 144. Installed Capacity by Province and Projects

Table 143. Total Installed Capacity by Province

Table 144. China’s Three Stage Smart Grid Plan. Source: State Grid Corp. of China

Table 145. Steps of Smart Grid in each Energy stage. Source SGCC

Table 146. List of Chinese Provinces Smart Grid Construction Investment In 2012

Source State Grid Corp. of China

Table 147. Roadmap of CSP in China. Source IEECAS

Table 148. Global CSP Market 2050 Estimation. Source IEA

Table 149. China Solar Energy Potential

Table 150. Approved Projects in China.



Table 151. Project Developers in China


Table 153. Capacity of China Market.



ANNEXE 4. CSP EVENTS

Since this Sector is relatively new in China there is not a reference yet for the most famous

event but insiders think that Sanya event (organized by IEECAS) or the China summits in Beijing

are getting strength to do a good networking in China. Some of the relevant Events on CSP

during 2011 and 2012:

1. BEIJING

a. China Concentrating Solar Power Summit

Conference Date: December 5th-6th 2011 Venue Address: DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Beijing 168 Guang An Men Wai Ave Xi Cheng, Beijing, China 100055 Fair Profile: Focusing on CSP solar market, initiating new era of China’s solar thermal power market Frequency: Biannual Organizer: CBI Energy, a brand of CBI Group. Contact: Mr. Tony Huang Tel: 86 21 5155 0833 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://events.cbichina.com/con/ccsp2011/index.html





b. Intersolar-PV and CSP

Conference Date: December 6th-68h 2011 Venue Address: Intercontinental Hotel, Beijing, China Fair Profile: Presentations focusing on regulatory frameworks of PV market, analysis on various technical developments and solar thermal power offer. So focused on PV but also with a section for CSP Frequency: Annual Organizer: Intersolar Contact: Solar Promotion International GmbH Kiehnlestr. 16 75172 Pforzheim, Germany Tel.: +49 7231 58598-0 Fax: +49 7231 58598-28 [email protected] Freiburg Management and Marketing International GmbH Europaplatz 1 79108 Freiburg i. Br., Germany Tel.: +49 761 3881-3800 Fax: +49 761 3881-3014 [email protected] MMI (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 11th Floor, GC Tower, No. 1088 Yuan Shen Rd Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200122 Tel.: +86 21 2020-5503 Fax: +86 21 2020 5699 [email protected] Website: http://www.intersolarchina.com/en/intersolar-china.html




http://www.intersolarchina.com/en/intersolar-china.html



c. Clean Energy Expo China

Conference Date: February 23th-25th 2012 Venue Address: China National Convention Center Fair Profile: Clean Energy Expo China incorporates: Wind Power China www.windpowerexpochina.com Solar Thermal China www.solarthermalchina.com CIPV Expo China www.cipvexpochina.com eMobility China www.emobilitychina.com Bio-energy China www.cibeexpochina.com GridTec China www.gridtecchina.com Frequency: Annual Organizer: Koelnmesse Co., Ltd. Contact: TRADE FAIR Mr. Jean Ning Tel: +86 10 6590 7766 ext 760 Fax: +86 10 6590 6139 [email protected] CONFERENCE Ms. Emma Shen Tel: +86 10 6590 7766 ext 739 Fax: +86 10 6590 6139 [email protected] Website: http://www.solarthermalchina.com/ http://www.cleanenergyexpochina.com/?gclid=CIq_ttH3va0CFcJgTAodo0F8_g



http://www.solarthermalchina.com/




d. World CSP Asia Forum 2012

Conference Date: June 18th-21st 2012 Venue Address: Pullman Beijing West Wanda No. Jia 18 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, 100040 BEIJING, CHINA Fair Profile: Expo focuses on the CSP market in Asia. Frequency: Annual Organizer: General Intelligence Corporation Contact: Raymond Zhang Organizing Committee of World CSP Asia Forum 2012 General Intelligence Corporation Hongnan Investment Building,No.939 Jinqiao Rd, 200136 China Tel :+86 21 61633586 Mob:+86 13916433522 Fax : +86 21 61633584 Email :[email protected] Website: www.cspasia.org





e. 2nd Annual China Concentrating Solar Power Summit 2012

Conference Date: June 28th-29th 2012 Venue Address: Beijing Traders Upper East Hotel 2 Dongsihuan Beilu (NE 4th Ring Road), Chaoyang District, Beijing, China Fair Profile: Expo focus on the CSP market in China Frequency: Biannual Organizer: CBI-BIZ Contact: Mr. Sunny SUN Tel: +86 21 5155 1646 Fax: +86 21 5155 0988 Email: [email protected] Website: http://events.cbichina.com/con/accsps2012/index.html





2. SANYA

a. Sanya International Solar Thermal Power Technology Forum

Conference Date: June 28th-29th 2012 Venue Address: Beijing Traders Upper East Hotel 2 Dongsihuan Beilu (NE 4th Ring Road), Chaoyang District, Beijing, China Fair Profile: Expo focus on the CSP market in China Frequency: Biannual Organizer: IEECAS-Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Contact: Li Xing

Tel：0086-13810430338

Fax：0086-10-6258-7946 E-mail: [email protected] Event: Tel: 010 -82547214 Fax: 010 -62587946 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.systp.com.cn



http://www.systp.com.cn/



3. GUANGDONG

a. BIT 2nd New Energy Forum 2012

Conference Date:

October 19th-21st 2012

Venue Address:

Guangzhou Baiyun International Convention Center, Fair Profile:

Focus in all renewable Energies for low carbon emissions:

Forum 1: Solar Energy (SE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1 Forum 2: Wind Energy

(WE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/fullprogram_track1.asphttp://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1

Forum 3: Nuclear Energy (NE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1

Forum 4: Ocean Energy (OE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1

Forum 5: Hydrogen Energy (HE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1

Forum 6: Geothermal Energy (GE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1 Forum 7: Hydropower/Hydroelectricity

(HYE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1

Forum 8: Renewable Bioenergy (BE)http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp - c1 Forum 9: Transmission, Storage and Integration of Renewable Energy Frequency: Annual Organizer: BIT Congress Inc. Contact: Ms. Lydia Liu Organizing Committee of LCES 2012 East Wing, 11F, Dalian Ascendas IT Park No. 1 Hui Xian Yuan, Dalian Hi-tech Industrial Zone LN 116025, P.R.China Tel: 0086-411-84799609 EXT 821 0086-411-84799609 EXT 822 Fax: 0086-411-84799629 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/contactus.asp

http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/fullprogram_track1.asp






http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp#c1











http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/programme.asp#c1





http://www.bitcongress.com/nef2012/contactus.asp



ANNEXE 5. THE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW

Authorised Release: The Renewable Energy Law

The People's Republic of China (Full Text)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 General



Chapter 4 Promotion and Application


Chapter 6 Economic Incentives and Supervisory Measures



Chapter 1 General

Article 1—In order to promote the development and utilization of renewable energy, improve the

energy structure, diversify energy supplies, safeguard energy security, protect the environment, and

realize the sustainable development of the economy and society, this Law is hereby prepared.

Article 2—Renewable energy in this law refers to non-fossil energy of wind energy, solar energy, water

energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy, etc.

Application of this Law in hydropower shall be regulated by energy authorities of the State Council and

approved by the State Council.

This Law does not apply to the direct burning of straw, firewood and deject, etc. on low-efficiency stove.

Article 3—This Law applies to territory and other sea area of the People’s Republic of China.

Article 4—The Government lists the development of utilization of renewable energy as the preferential

area for energy development and promotes the construction and development of the renewable energy

market by establishing total volume for the development of renewable energy and taking corresponding

measures.

The Government encourages economic entities of all ownerships to participate in the development and

utilization of renewable energy and protects legal rights and interests of the developers and users of

renewable energy on the basis of law.



Article 5—Energy authorities of the State Council implement management for the development and

utilization of renewable energy at the national level. Relevant departments of the State Council are

responsible for the management of relevant development and utilization of renewable energy within

their authorities.

Energy authorities of local people’s governments above the county level are responsible for the

management of the development and utilization of renewable energy within their own jurisdiction.

Relevant departments of local people’s governments above the county level are responsible for the

management of relevant development and utilization of renewable energy within their authorities.


Article 6—Energy authorities of the State Council are responsible for organizing and coordinating

national surveys and management of renewable energy resources, and work with related departments

to establish technical regulations for resource surveys.

Relevant departments of the State Council, within their respective authorities, are responsible for

related renewable energy resource surveys. The survey results will be summarized by the energy

authorities in the State Council.

The result of the survey of renewable energy shall be released to the public, with the exception of

confidential contents as stipulated by the Government.

Article 7—Energy authorities of the State Council sets middle and long-term target of the total volume

for the development and utilization of renewable energy at the national level, which shall be

implemented and released to the pubic after being approved by the State Council.

Energy authorities of the State Council shall, on the basis of the target of total volume in the previous

paragraph, as well as the economic development and actual situation of renewable energy resources of

all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, cooperate with people’s governments of

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in establishing middle and long-term target and

release it to the public.

Article 8—Energy authorities of the State Council shall, on the basis of the middle and long-term total

volume target of renewable energy throughout the country, prepare national renewable energy

development and utilization plan, which is to be implemented after being approved by the State

Council.

Energy authorities of the people’s governments at the level of province, autonomous region and

municipality shall, on the basis of the middle and long-term target for the development and utilization



of renewable energy, cooperate with relevant authorities of the people’s governments at their own

level in preparing national renewable energy development and utilization plan for their own

administrative regions, which shall be implemented after being approved by people’s governments at

their own level.

The approved plan shall be released to the public, with the exception of confidential content as

stipulated by the government.

In case that the approved plan needs to be modified, approval of the original approving authorities shall

be obtained.

Article 9—In preparing the plan for the development and utilization of renewable energy, opinions of

relevant units, experts and the public shall be solicited and the scientific reasoning shall be done.


Article 10—Energy authorities in the State Council shall, in accordance with the national renewable

energy development plan, prepares and promulgates development guidance catalogues for renewable

energy industries.

Article 11—Standardization authorities of the State Council shall set and publicize technical standard for

renewable energy electric power and the technical standards for relevant renewable technology and

products for which technical requirements need to be standardized at the national level.

For those technical requirements not dealt with in the national standard in the previous paragraph,

relevant authorities of the State Council may establish relevant industrial standard, which shall be

reported to the standardization authorities of the State Council for filing.

Article 12—The government lists scientific and technical research in the development and utilization of,

and the industrialized development of, renewable energy, as the preferential area for hi-tech

development and hi-tech industrial development in the national program, and allocates funding for the

scientific and technical research, application demonstration and industrialized development of the

development and utilization of renewable energy so as to promote technical advancement in the

development and utilization of renewable energy, reduce the production cost of renewable energy

products and improve the quality of products.

Education authorities of the State Council shall incorporate the knowledge and technology on

renewable energy into general and occupational education curricula.

Chapter 4 Promotion and Application.



Article 13—The Government encourages and supports various types of grid-connected renewable

power generation.

For the construction of renewable energy power generation projects, administrative permits shall be

obtained or filing shall be made in accordance with the law and regulations of the State Council.

In the construction of renewable power generation projects, if there is more than one applicant for

project license, the licensee shall be determined through a tender.

Article 14—Grid enterprises shall enter into grid connection agreement with renewable power

generation enterprises that have legally obtained administrative license or for which filing has been

made, and buy the grid-connected power produced with renewable energy within the coverage of their

power grid, and provide grid-connection service for the generation of power with renewable energy.

Article 15—The Government supports the construction of independent renewable power systems in

areas not covered by the power grid to provide power service for local production and living.

Article 16—The Government encourages clean and efficient development and utilization of biological

fuel and encourage the development of energy crops.

If the gas and heat produced with biological resources conform to urban fuel gas pipeline networks and

heat pipeline networks, enterprises operating gas pipeline networks and heat pipeline networks shall

accept them into the networks.

The Government encourages the production and utilization of biological liquid fuel. Gas-selling

enterprises shall, on the basis of the regulations of energy authorities of the State Council or people’s

government at the provincial level, include biological liquid fuel conforming to the national standard

into its fuel-selling system.

Article 17—The Government encourages workplaces and individuals in the installation and use of solar

energy utilization systems of solar energy water-heating system, solar energy heating and cooling

system and solar photovoltaic system, etc.

Construction authorities of the State Council shall cooperate with relevant authorities of the State

Council in establishing technical economic policies and technical standards with regard to the

combination of solar energy utilization system and construction.

Real estate development enterprises shall, on the basis of the technical standards in the previous

paragraph, provide necessary conditions for the utilization of solar energy in the design and

construction of buildings.



For buildings already built, residents may, on the condition that its quality and safety is not affected,

install solar energy utilization system that conform to technical standards and product standards, unless

agreement has been otherwise reached between relevant parties.

Article 18—The Government encourages and supports the development and utilization of renewable

energy in rural areas.

Energy authorities of local people’s governments above the county level shall, on the basis of local

economic and social development, ecological protection and health need, etc., prepare renewable

energy development plan for the rural area and promote biomass energy like the marsh gas, etc.

conversion, household solar energy, small-scale wind energy and small-scale hydraulic energy, etc.

People’s government above the county level shall provide financial support for the renewable energy

utilization projects in the rural areas.


Article 19—Grid power price of renewable energy power generation projects shall be determined by the

price authorities of the State Council in the principle of being beneficial to the development and

utilization of renewable energy and being economic and reasonable, where timely adjustment shall be

made on the basis of the development of technology for the development and utilization of renewable

energy. The price for grid-connected power shall be publicized.

For the price of grid-connected power of renewable power generation projects determined through

tender as stipulated in the 3rd paragraph of Article 13 hereof, the bid-winning price shall be

implemented; however, such a price shall not exceed the level of grid-connected power of similar

renewable power generation projects.

Article 20—The excess between the expenses that power grid enterprises purchase renewable power

on the basis of the price determined in Article 19 hereof and the expenses incurred in the purchase of

average power price generated with conventional energy shall be shared in the selling price. Price

authorities of the State Council shall prepare specific methods.

Article 21—Grid connection expenses paid by grid enterprises for the purchase of renewable power and

other reasonable expenses may be included into the grid enterprise power transmission cost and

retrieved from the selling price.

Article 22—For the selling price of power generated from independent renewable energy power system

invested or subsidized by the Government, classified selling price of the same area shall be adopted, and



the excess between its reasonable operation, management expenses and the selling price shall be

shared on the basis of the method as specified in Article 20 hereof.

Article 23—The price of renewable heat and natural gas that enters the urban pipeline shall be

determined on the basis of price management authorities in the principle of being beneficial to the

development and utilization of renewable energy and being economic and reasonable.

Chapter 6 Economic Incentives and supervisory measures

Article 24—The Government budget establishes renewable energy development fund to support the

following:

1. Scientific and technological research, standard establishment and pilot project for the

development and utilization of renewable energy;

2. Construction of renewable energy projects for domestic use in rural and pasturing areas;

3. Construction of independent renewable power systems in remote areas and islands;

4. Surveys, assessments of renewable energy resources, and the construction of relevant

information systems;

5. Localized production of the equipment for the development and utilization of renewable

energy.

Article 25—Financial institutions may offer preferential loan with financial interest subsidy to renewable

energy development and utilization projects that are listed in the national renewable energy industrial

development guidance catalogue and conform to the conditions for granting loans.

Article 26—The Government grants tax benefits to projects listed in the renewable energy industrial

development guidance catalogue, and specific methods are to be prepared by the State Council.

Article 27—Power enterprises shall authentically and completely record and store relevant materials of

renewable energy power generation, and shall accept the inspection and supervision of power

supervisory institutions.

Power supervisory institutions shall do the inspection in accordance with stipulated procedures, and

shall keep commercial secret and other secret for inspected units.


Article 28—If energy authorities of the State Council and the people’s governments above the county

level as well as other relevant authorities breach this Law and have one of the following, people’s

government of their own level or relevant authorities of the superior people’s governments may order

them to make correction, and impose administrative penalty for competent personnel that are liable



and other personnel directly liable; in case that such breaches constitute crime, criminal liabilities shall

be legally pursued.

1. Failure to make administrative licensing decision in accordance with law;

2. Failure to make an investigation when illegal activities are discovered;

3. Other acts of not legally performing supervision and management responsibilities.

Article 29—If the power grid enterprises breach Article 14 hereof and fail to purchase renewable power

in full, which results in economic loss to the renewable power generation enterprises, such power grid

enterprises shall be liable for compensation, and the national power supervisory institutions shall order

them to make correction within a stipulated period of time; in case of refusal to make correction, a fine

of less than the economic loss of the renewable power generation enterprises shall be imposed.

Article 30—In case that enterprises of natural gas pipeline network and heat pipeline network breach

paragraph 2 of Article 16 hereof and do not permit the connection of natural gas and heat that conform

to the grid connection technical standard into the network, which results in economic loss to the gas

and heat production enterprises, relevant enterprises shall be liable for compensation, and energy

authorities of the people’s government at the provincial level shall order them to make correction

within a stipulated period of time; in case of refusal to make correction, a fine of less than said

economic loss shall be imposed against them.

Article 31—If gas-selling enterprises breach paragraph 3 of Article 16 hereof and fail to include

biological liquid fuel that conforms to the national standard into its fuel-selling system, which results in

economic loss to the biological liquid fuel production enterprises, relevant enterprises shall be liable for

compensation, and energy authorities of the State Council or people’s government at the provincial

level shall order them to make correction within a stipulated period of time; in case of refusal to make

correction, a fine of less than said economic loss shall be imposed against them.


Article 32—Terms used herein shall have the following meanings:

1. Biomass energy: means energy converted from natural plants, reject as well as urban and rural

organic waste.

2. Renewable energy independent power system: means independent renewable power system not

connected to the power grid.

3. Energy crop: means herbage and wood plants specially planted and used as raw materials of energy.

4. Biological liquid fuels: means methanol, ethanol, bio-diesel and other liquid fuels derived from

biomass resources.

Article 33—This Law shall become effective on Jan 1st, 2006.