20973409 chronic sports injuries

8/8/2019 20973409 Chronic Sports Injuries

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INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF SPORTS INJURIES

CHRONIC SPORTS INJURIES: TYPES INVESTIGATION OF CHRONIC SPORTS

INJURIES

PREVENTION OF CHRONIC SPORTS

INJURIES CONCLUSION

REFERENCES


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What is a sport? any individual or group competitiveactivity

involving physicalexertion or skill, governedby rules,andsometimesengaged in

professionally. Examples includetennis,hockey, boxing, gymnastics,athleticsand ofcourse football.

What isan injury?

physicaldamageto the body or a bodypart.


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What Are Sports Injuries?

Theterm sports injury, inthe broadestsense,refersto thekinds of injuriesthatmost

commonly occur during sports or exercise.Somesports injuries result from accidents;othersaredueto poor training practices,improper equipment,lack of conditioning, or

insufficientwarm upandstretching. Commontypes of sports injuries include

musclesprains andstrains,tear of tendonsandligaments,dislocations,fractures andconcussions.


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Therearetwo broadcategories of sports-relatedinjuries acute andchronic

Acute injuries occur from asingle,well-defined incident,suchasdislocating yourshoulder during a fall ortwisting your anklewhilerunning. Sprainsanddislocationsaretypically

consideredacute.


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Chronic injuries result from anaccumulationof damageto the bones,joints,muscles,ligamentsandtendons. Chronic injuriesare

generally consideredlifestyle-threateninginjuries that is,they inhibityour abilitytoperform many of your normalactivities.

Tenniselbow andstress fractures (a fracturecaused by repeatedstress onthe bone)are

bothexamples of chronic injuries.


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Signs of acutesports injuryincludesuddenseverepain,swelling, inabilityto placeweightonalower limb,extremetenderness inan

upper limb, visibledislocation or break ofbone.

Signs of chronic sports injuryincludepainwhenperforming activity,dullacheat restandswelling.


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Chronic injuriesusually result from overusing oneareaof the bodywhileplaying asport or exercising over along period.

Often overuse injuriesseem less importantthanacuteinjuries.

If leftuntreated,a chronic injury willprobably getworse over time.


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These include:

stress fractures tiny cracks inthe bone'ssurface often caused by repetitive overloading

(suchas inthe feet of a basketballplayer who iscontinuouslyjumping onthe court)

tendinitis inflammation of thetendoncaused by repetitivestretching

epiphysitis or apophysitis growthplateoverload injuries.


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Thereareseveral investigativemodalitiesusedinsportsmedicine.However,themostusefulinevaluating CSIs include:

X-rays

MRI

Ultrasonography

Electromyography Bone scan

Arthrography


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Treatment of chronic sports injury is intwophases,shortterm andlong term

Short termi. Relative or complete rest

ii. Drugse.g.NSAIDS,topicalanaesthetics,steroids

iii. Electricalstimulation

iv. Musclestretching

v. Iontophoresis,phonophoresis, ice


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Long term

i. Proper shoewearing

ii. Strengthtraining

iii. Activitymodification

iv. Orthototic intervention

v. Nutrition counselling andweight

managementvi. Surgery for refractory cases


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Likemost other pathologies, CSIs can bepreventedbyseveralmeasureswhich include:

Avoid bending kneespast 90 degreeswhendoing half knee bends.

Avoidtwisting knees bykeeping feetas flataspossibleduring stretches.

Whenjumping,landwithyour knees bent. Do warm upexercisesnotjust before vigorous

activitieslike running, butalso beforelessvigorous onessuchas golf.

Dont overdo.


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Do warm upstretches beforeactivity. Stretch

the Achillestendon,hamstring,andquadriceps

areasandholdthepositions.Dont bounce.

Cooldown following vigoroussports. For

example,after a race,walk or walk/jog for

fiveminutesso your pulse comesdown

gradually.


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Wear properly fitting shoesthatprovide

shockabsorptionandstability.

Usethesoftestexercisesurfaceavailable,and

avoid running onhardsurfaceslikeasphalt

and concrete. Run on flatsurfaces. Running

uphillmay increasethestress onthe Achilles

tendonandtheleg itself.


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Theunprecedentedlevel inpopularityover thelast few decades of increasedparticipationinathletic sporting eventshasleddirectlyto an increase in chronic overusesports injuries.

It remains inthemedical/healthpersonnelsdomainto properly identifyandassisttheathletein correcting these conditionsto treat,prevent,and

possibly reversethedetrimentaleffects.Asalways,prevention isalwaysthe besttreatment but, failingthat,thenext bestthing isproper andsuccessfulrehabilitation.


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1. Microsoft Encarta 2009

2. Tri Riverssurgicalassociates inc.

3. U.S department of healthandhumanservices.

4. Chronic overusesports injuries by Dr. ElmerPinzon


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20973409 chronic sports injuries

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