2.3 firstaid.ppt

8/14/2019 2.3 FirstAid.ppt

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What is first aid?

• First aid is the care given to a casualty beforeprofessional help arrives.

• It can come from a member of the family, a

friend, or a stranger who happens to be onthe spot, but the help they give can literallymean the difference between life and death.

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What is first aid?

The aims of first aid are:

• to preserve life;

•

to prevent the worsening of any injuries;• to promote recovery.

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Top 10 first aid misconceptions

• 1. "You should put butter or cream on a burn." The only thing you should put on a burn is water - keepthe butter for cooking!

2."If you can’t move a limb, it must be broken."

"If you can move a limb, or stand up with it, it can’t bebroken." The only accurate way to diagnose a broken limb is by x-raying it.

3. "The best way to treat bleeding is to put the woundunder a tap." If you put a bleeding wound under a tap, you will washaway the clotting agents and make it bleed more.

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• 4."Nose bleeds are best treated by putting the head back." If you put the head back for a nose bleed, all the blood will go downthe back of the airway.

5. "A tourniquet is the best way to treat serious bleeding." Tourniquets are NOT recommended for first aid - if you stop the

blood flow to a limb for more than 10-15 minutes it will die.6. "If someone has swallowed a poison you should make themsick." If you make someone sick by putting your fingers in their mouth, thevomit may block the airway.

7. "If you perform CPR on someone who has a pulse you candamage the heart." The evidence is that it isn’t dangerous to do chest compressions ona casualty with a pulse

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• 8. "You must always call an ambulance if you perform firstaid." Sometimes, first aid is all the casualty needs - don’t call anambulance unless it’s an emergency.

9."To do first aid you need lots of training." You don’t. What you mostly need is common sense - and youcan learn enough first aid in 10 minutes to save a life.

10."You need lots of expensive equipment to do first aid." You don’t need any equipment to do first aid - there are lots ofways to improvise anything you need. For instance, a cleanhandkerchief will make a good dressing.

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DR. ABC

the letters that save lives!

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First aid has a framework - the letters "DR ABC" provide a checklist for every

emergency. They are worth remembering. This is how they are used:

• D is for DangerCheck carefully before going to the assistance of a casualtythat it is safe for you - and them - to be there. There may befast-moving traffic, a chemical spill, or other hazardous

material to contend with.

• R is for ResponseWhen you first arrive at the casualty’s side, you can check allsorts of things about her condition simply by asking "Are you

all right?". If she can answer, you have established that she isconscious, breathing and that her heart is working. If shedoesn’t answer, move on to:

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Anaphylactic Shock

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Anaphylactic Shock

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Anaphylactic Shock

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Bites

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Bites

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Bites

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Bleeding

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Bleeding

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Bleeding

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Choking (Child)

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Choking (Child)

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Choking (Child)

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Choking (Child)

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Choking (Child)

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/action_file/resusc_a.htm



Electrocution

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Electrocution

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Electrocution

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/action_file/scald_burn_a.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/action_file/breathing_a.htm




Eye Injury

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Eye Injury

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Eye Injury

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Eye Injury

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Minor Cuts & Grazes

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Minor Cuts & Grazes

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Minor Cuts & Grazes

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Opening an Airway

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Opening an Airway

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Opening an Airway

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Rescue Breaths

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Rescue Breaths

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Rescue Breaths

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Rescue Breaths

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Rescue Breaths

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Scalds and Burns

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Scalds and Burns

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Scalds and Burns

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/action_file/shock.htm



Shock

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Shock

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/action_file/anaph_shock_adult_a.htm



Shock

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Shock

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Stings

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Stings

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/action_file/anaph_shock_adult_a.htm



Stings

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Recovery Position

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Recovery Position

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Recovery Position

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Recovery Position

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• Choose containers for your kits that are

roomy, durable, easy to carry, and simple to

open. Plastic tackle boxes or containers for

storing art supplies are ideal, since they're

lightweight, have handles, and offer a lot of

space.

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Include the following in each of your first-aid kits:• first-aid manual

• sterile gauze

• adhesive tape

• adhesive bandages in several sizes

•elastic bandage

• antiseptic wipes

• soap

• antibiotic cream (triple-antibiotic ointment)

• antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)

• hydrocortisone cream (1%)

• acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) and ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin)

• extra prescription medications (if the family is going on vacation)

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Include the following in each of your first-aid kits:• tweezers

• sharp scissors

• safety pins

• disposable instant cold packs

•calamine lotion

• alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol

• thermometer

• plastic gloves (at least 2 pairs)

• flashlight and extra batteries

• mouthpiece for administering CPR (can be obtained from your local RedCross)

• your list of emergency phone numbers

• blanket (stored nearby)

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After you've stocked your first-aid kits:

• Read the entire first-aid manual so you'll understand how touse the contents of your kits. (If your children are old

enough to understand, review the manuals with them aswell.)

• Store first-aid kits in places that are out of children's reachbut easily accessible for adults.

• Check the kits regularly. Replace missing items or medicinesthat may have expired

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Essential Skills

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Essential Skills

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Accident Scene

Heart Attack

Drowning

Choking

Bleeding

Poisoning

Electrocution

Spinal Injury

Eye Injury

Scalds and Burns

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/quiz_scalds/index.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_eye_popup.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/quiz_spinal/index.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_elec_popup.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/quiz_poison/index.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_bleed_popup.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_choke_popup.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_drown_popup.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_heart_popup.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/es_flash_rta_popup.shtml



Essential Skills

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Choking in Children

Suspected Fractures

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/quiz_fracture/index.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/first_aid_action/flash/quiz_choke_child/index.shtml



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2.3 firstaid.ppt

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