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What is Optical Network?

-Optical networks are high capacitytelecommunications networks based on

optical technologies and components

, ,that provide routing grooming andrestoration at the wavelength level-as well as wavelength based services

It uses Optical Fibers for data

transmission


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-FTTH why did it come intopicture

As the quality of the optical fibre was,improving efficient transmitters and

,receivers appeared it seemed possible

to build an access network that would be.based on the optical technology

Due to the lack of active units in the

,light path the architecture of the,system was simple cost effective and,offered bandwidth that was not and

,still is not possible to achieve by.other access methods


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History

n In 1950 s scientists developed glass fibers that included aseparate glass coatingn ,In 1957 Gordon Gould popularized the idea of using lasersn , . , ,In 1970 Drs Robert Maurer Donald Keck and Peter Schultz

succeeded in developing a glass fiber that exhibited/attenuation at less than 20 dB km

n , . .In the early 1970 s the U S Navy installed a fiber optictelephone

n , &In 1977 AT T installed fiber optic telephone systems inChicago and Boston respectively

n , ,At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer Norway fiber opticstransmitted the first ever digital video signal

n ,In 1998 researchers transmitted 100 simultaneous optical

, (signals each at a data rate of 10 gigabits giga means) (billion per second for a distance of nearly 250 miles 400)km

n The important factor in these developments is the increase in,fiber transmission capacity which has grown by a factor of

200 in the last decade


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Comparison with other media


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Transmission Capacity


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-Bandwidth Scalability


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Advantages of Optical Fiber

.Enormous bandwidth

.Less susceptible to signal degradation than copper wire

.Less weight

.Data can be transmitted digitally

- -Lower power transmitters can be used instead of the high voltage.electrical transmitters used for copper wires

.No Crosstalk

-Because no electricity is passed through optical cable it is non, .flammable and immune to lightning

.High Signal Security Difficult to tap signal from optical cable


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Disadvantages

Fibre optics are that the cables are(expensive and difficult to install But cost

can be reduced when installed over long)distances

The termination of a fibre optics cable is.complex and requires special tools

.They are more fragile than coaxial cable


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Types Of Optical Networks

There are basically two broad categories ofoptical networks

( )Passive Optical Networks PON

( )Active Optical Networks AON


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GPON The need for larger bandwidths and the

unquestionable complexity of ATM forced

a revised approach an hence newstandard called GPON3 was released in.2003

Uses Generic framing procedure and notATM

Provides both voice and data orientedservices

.Transfer rates of up to 2 48 Gbps in thedownstream as well as the upstream

.direction

( )thernet PON EPON Released in September 2004 with a main

goal to achieve a full compatibility

NEXT GENERATION OF ACCESS


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NEXT GENERATION OF ACCESSNETWORKS

WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING ACCESS PASSIVE OPTICALNETWORKS

,Ultimately they can offer the largest bandwidth at thelowest cost

.The architecture of WDM PON is similar to PON The maindifference is that ONUs operate on different

wavelengths and hence higher transmission rates can beachieved Requires manual reconfiguration which significantly

increases the cost of maintenance The disadvantage of WDM PONs is the high cost of

equipment

WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TIME DIVISION

MULTIPLEXING PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS .Developed in an attempt to serve more customers A hybrid of both WDMA and TDMA

Less complex and expensive equipment was needed than in

WDM PONs with a similar number of connected customers


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Comparison of different FTTHarchitectures


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( )PON Passive Optical Network


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Different Topologies


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Network Topologies with PON


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( )AON Active Optical Network


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Network Topologies with AON


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AON vs PON


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Comparison - .AON vs PON

Bandwidth Security and quality of services

Business case aspects

( )Investment costs CAPEX comparison ( )Operating expenses OPEX comparison

Flexibility and scope for usage Summary

B d idth


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Bandwidth

B d idth


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Bandwidth


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ecur y an qua y oservices

S i d li f


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Security and quality ofservices

S i d li f


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S it d lit f


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B i t


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-Business case aspects( )Investment costs CAPEX

Comparison of operating


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Comparison of operating( )expenses OPEX

Fl ibilit d f


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Flexibility and scope for usage


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Summary

S


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Summary


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-GPON ENCAPSULATION


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.EPON Vs GPON

PARAMETER EPON GPONStandard .IEEE803 2ah - .ITU TG 984

Bandwidth Symmetric 1Gbps . - .Downstream 1 25 2 5Gbps- .Upstream 155Mbps 2 5Gbps

DownstreamEfficiency %72/ ( %)8B 10B encoding 20& ( %)Overhead Preamble 8

%92( )NRZ scrambling no encoding

( %)Overhead 8

evenue BW 900 Mbps 2300 MbpsTransmission Ethernet , ,ATM Ethernet TDM

EPON V GPON d


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. ..EPON Vs GPON cntd

PARAMETER EPON GPONplit ratio :1 32 : , ( : )1 64 1 128 planned

Security .None specified AES used by.various vendors

-128 bit AES is part of the

.standard

Interoperability None specified -FSAN and ITU T

etwork Management &OAM P OAM is optional and:minimally supports failure, -indication loop back and link

.monitoring to the ONTProvisioning and

.services are out of scope

.OMCI is mandatoryFull FCAPS on ONT and.services

QoS No Prioritization -Fragmentation for HighPriority Packets

F i f Hi h


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-Fragmentation for HighPriority Packets


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/GPON EPON Framing


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/DEPLOYMENT OF OPTICAL N W S

( )Fiber To The Home FTTH deploymentscontinue to enjoy accelerated growth

worldwide

-Alcatel Lucent is engaged in over 95,FTTH projects around the world over

( - ,80 of which are with GPON as of Q2)2009

USAGE ACROSSS THE WORLD


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-PON GPON ( , )The United States Verizon Calix The UK

PON (Japan Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

[ ])Corporation NTT

( )Korea Korea Telecom ( , )China Huawei ZTE

USAGE ACROSSS THE WORLD

TDM PON


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- , - , -B PON E PON and G PON are closederivatives of the original TDM PON

.concept . (The IEEE 802 3 Ethernet PON EPON or

)GEPON standard was completed in 2004 .EPON 802 3 Ethernet frames with symmetric

1 gigabit per second upstream anddownstream rates

Drift from EPON to GPON because GPONsupports triple play

TDM PON

IMPORTANCE OF PON


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Bandwidth will be much more higher thencopper line connection so we will haveaccess to internet much more faster

Low OPEX and CAPEX -No active components which translates intolow maintenance and replacement costs

Competitive pricing

PON provides a faster connection tointernet because of this large firmsprofits more because time is money

IMPORTANCE OF PON

GPON


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GPON

Gigabit PON It is an evolution of the BPON standard It is a PON technology operating at

/bitrates of above 1 Gb s

,It supports higher rates enhanced,security and choice of Layer 2 protocol

( , , )ATM GEM Ethernet

worldwide gigabit passive optical network( ) -GPON deployments have increased seven- .fold Dell Oro Group

WDM PON


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- WDM PONs can serve distances up to 80 100 kmwithout the need for optical amplification

/in addition to blistering b w

-The other advantage of WDM PON is a huge -increase in the potential number of end.users served

-The high cost of WDM PON equipment is still amajor stumbling block to widespreaddeployment

WDM PON

NORTH AMERICA


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- -Calix leader in the fast growing GPON-fiber fed mobile backhaul

(Telecom provider CenturyLink CenturyTel.) ,Inc has selected the new Calix 766GX- , -766GX R and 765G R GPON optical network

( ) -terminals ONTs for fiber fed mobile.backhaul services in 33 states

Broadcom come up with optical networkchips

-Verizon to introduce an advanced FTTParchitecture

NORTH AMERICA


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, -Nortel LG JV acquired WDM PON equipment maker.Novera Optics in August 2008

German metro specialist ADVA Optical Networkingentering the market with a product that exploitscoarse WDM in September 2008

Cable operators and other CLECs using GPON for

business services have been able to compete very- - ,effectively for small and medium size businessesas well as for backhaul to cellular sites

EUROPE


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Nokia Siemens Networks eschewing existing PON- - .technology in favor of WDM PON

-Tellabs is concentrating on WDM PON through,its involvement in its research projectdrifting away from GPON

Nortel announced in September that UNET will-deliver high speed internet for homes and -businesses in the Netherlands using its WDM

PON solution

- , WDM PON is still not standardized and that

EUROPE

KOREA


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- ,Proxim Wireless Corporation quadruple playannounced its new 4G Backhaul product-- - - -lines the Tsunami QB 8100 point to( ) - -point PtP and the Tsunami MP 8100 point

- ( ).to multipoint PtMP

Exceeds the ITU requirements for 4Gthroughput speeds

High performance and very low latency over,long distances eliminating expensive

recurring leased line charges

KOREA

JAPAN


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- - -More than 10 million fiber to the home( )FTTH subscribers

- - -Alcatel Lucent Suo Cable deploying GPONthe first commericial GPON deploymentin Japan

.Result in speeds around 2 5 GBPS

JAPAN

INDIA


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INDIA

Bharti Airtel and BSNL are looking toswitch over to GPON by the end of

2010

:Challenges

Cost associated with gainingpermission to build new ducts andlay the fiber

-Gaining access to buildings one that

-could lead to high speed broadband

CHINA


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- ZTE unveiled a WDM PON prototypecommercialization before the end of

2009

CNC China ( -selected the Gigabit PON ITU T. . )G 984 x GPON Optimate platform from

,FlexLight Networks Inc

- ( )Optimate economical Gigabit PON GPON-solution economical triple play

Access over a single fiber access

CHINA

Future development of PON


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Future development of PON

I ,n Japan the PON market is well establishedand%growing at a rate of 300 year to year

%By comparison DSL is growing 150 year to year in. .the U S

,Top companies like Verizon SBC and Bell South haveall announced some type of PON deployment

The PON market in North America is just startingto emerge

Industry analysts expect an equally large takerate by North American consumes

23661315 optical network

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