23.application of nanotechnologies in the built environment - 03_06_09 - dr toby gill

8/13/2019 23.Application of Nanotechnologies in the Built Environment - 03_06_09 - Dr Toby Gill...............................................................

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Application of NanoTechnologies

in the Built Environment

Dr Toby Gill

Nanotechnology KTN


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What is Nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology, shortened to "Nanotech" , is the study of the controlof matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or deviceswithin that size. One nanometer (nm) is one bi llionth, or 10-9, of a

meter.

To put that scale in another context, the comparative size of ananometer to a meter is the same as that of a marble to the size of the

earth. Or another way of putting it: a nanometer is the amount a man'sbeard grows in the time it takes him to raise the razor to his face.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology


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A Brief History of NanoTech

400

Lycurgus Cup

400AD

Deruto/Gubbio Plate

15th Century

Electron Microscopy

1933

Quantum Dots

1988

DP Lithography

1999

Carbon Nanotubes

1991

Bucky Ball C60

1985

Richard Feynman

1959

First Photograph

1825

Term

1974

Stained Glass

500 onwards


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General Commercial Products


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NanoMaterials Market Construction

Current use of nanomaterials inconstruction is limited

US Demand in 2006 was less than $20 mil

Projected Increase

$100 mill ion in 2011 $400 mill ion in 2016

$1.75 bil lion in 2025

Nanomaterials offer improved performanceproperties for adhesives, concrete,coatings, flooring, glass, lightingequipment, plumbing fixtures, and other

construction products.

Coatings 73%

Other Applications 15%

Composites 12%

US Demand by Appl ication ofNanomaterials in Construct ion

2011

Nanotechnology in Construction Report US Forecasts 2007


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NanoMaterials - Coatings

Coatings expected to be largest market foruse of nanomaterials in construction

Architectural paints

Water sealers

Deck treatments

Scratch-resistant coatings

Anti-Microbial coatings

Self-cleaning surfaces

UV blocking

Stain resistant

Odour resistant

The coatings can be applied to productsduring manufacture or afterwards


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NanoMaterials Coatings Glass

Self-cleaning glass

Titanium Dioxide photocatalytic coatingBreaks down dirt and water washes away

Temperature Regulating

Intelligent Glass that blocks heat not l ight

Vanadium Dioxide used to absorb infra-redlight above specific temperature

Thermal Insulation

Coating that reflects heat back into the room

Scratch Resistant Coatings


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NanoMaterials Coatings - Paint

Self-cleaning exterior coating.

Based on Lotus Leaf effect.

Microstructure has been modelled on the

lotus plant to minimize the contact area forwater and dirt.

The surface additionally offers enhanced

hydrophobic properties.


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NanoMaterials Coatings - Textiles

Fabric and garments with Nano treatment.

Liquid repellent

Oil and Stain resistance

UV protection

Anti-bacterial Flame Retardant

Anti-Mosquito

Self-Cleaning


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NanoMaterials Cleaning Products

Spray on Coatings.

Treatment repels dirt and dust.

Spot free finish. Water wets the surface

and forms a thin layer, resulting in fasterdrying and the absence of water marks onthe surface.

Prevention of fogging by the formation of athin transparent film of water rather thansmall droplets which diffuse the light.


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NanoMaterials - Insulation

Aerogels have extreme structures andextreme physical properties

Typical properties of silica aerogelmaterials are:

Aerogels have the lowest thermal conductivityvalues of any solid

Exceptional reflectors of audible sound, makingexcellent barrier materials

Energy absorption

High internal surface areas (up to 1500 m2/g) Ultra-low refractive index values for a solid,

approaching that for air

Ultra-low dielectric constants for a solid


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NanoMaterials - Concrete

Nano based binder for paints, mortars,renderings, plasters and concrete.

Photocatalytic principle for cementproducts which can reduce organic andinorganic pollutants that are present in the

air.

Researchers have calculated on the basisof test results that covering 15% of visible

urban surfaces with products containingthis nanomaterial would enable a reductionin pollution of approximately 50%.


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NanoMaterials - Air Filtration

Nano e-HEPA (for electric High Efficiency

Particulate Arrest) fil tration system.

Uses metal dust f ilter coated with 8-nanometer silver particles

Kills 99.7 percent of influenza viruses

Up to 98 percent of odours eliminated


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Photocatalysis Converts and breaks down

harmful chemical vapours and odours.

Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide in the presenceof UV light has a natural purifying effect on

organic compounds, odours, and toxicgases of all kinds.

Its oxidizing effect converts chemical and

biological contaminants into benignelements - carbon dioxide and watervapour.


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Nanofibre products and Nanofibre filter

media for applications where sub-micronfibre diameters, high fil tration efficiency,high surface area and other unique materialproperties are useful.

Nanofibre filter media can be used for

Dust collection

Gas turbine air filt ration Air filters for heavy-duty engines


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NanoMaterials Water Purification

Portable water purification systems for airforce

Nanotechnology removes microorganismsfrom fluids without use of heat, ultra-violetradiation, chemicals, contact time, orsignificant pressure

Filter made from carbon nanotubes


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NanoMaterials - Adhesives

Synthetic Gecko

Macro, Micro, Nano hairs

Polymer Fibres

Stronger Adhesives

Used for

Repairs, bandages

Increased friction e.g brakes, tyres

European Space Agency interested in ways of

holding spacecraft to asteroids

Robots (so-called Waalbots) for repairingvehicles in space


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NanoMaterials - NanoComposites

Composites with oxides and clay particlereinforcements are being developed for useas

Insulation

Roofing materials

Vinyl siding

Flooring

Nanocomposites may also be developed foruse as primary building materials, replacingtraditional materials such as wood and

gypsum.

Oxides and Clays expected to be the largemarket ahead of CNTs and Bucky Balls.


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Materials Modification - Steel

Modifying the material structure at thenano-scale to gain enhancements.

Steel with a completely different structureat the nano or atomic scale, a laminated lathstructure resembling plywood .

Does not form microgalvanic cells whichleads to corrosion.

Five times as corrosion-resistant and threetimes as strong as unmodified.

Maintains excellent mechanical behaviour

at temperatures below -200F.


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Surface Modification

Self-cleaning clay roof t ile

Etched surface finish destroys organic dirtparticles such as fat deposits, grime, mossand algae using sunlight. Rain washes themclean.

surface finish destroys dirt particles, greasedeposits, soot, moss and algae

Micro- and Nano- surface finishes inspiredby self-cleaning biological surfaces havenow been applied to paints, glass, texti les,and more, reducing the need for toxicchemistries and costly labour.


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Energy

Energy saving is predicted to play a major role in future nanotech forenergy markets

Scientists around the world are looking for new ways to store energy,which will enable alternative energy to play a dominant role in energyproduction.

Canadian Program on Genomics and Global Health (CPGGH) study

International panel of 63 experts selected energy production, conversionand storage, along with creation of alternative fuels, as the area wherenanotechnology applications are most likely to benefit developing countries.

Nano-structured materials are being used to bui ld a new generation of solarcells, hydrogen fuel cells and novel hydrogen storage systems that willdeliver clean energy.


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Solar Energy

Solar cells industry is expected to grow by44 percent in 2009, after a growth rate of 47percent in 2008.

Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS)solar cells have pushed the market asmanufacturers developed uniquedeposit ion methods and substrates usingnanomaterials.

New developments with nanomaterials willhelp solar wafer manufacturers to reducethe amount of waste, or kerf, when slicingsilicon wafers. Reducing costs.

www.theinformationnet.com
http://www.theinformationnet.com/http://www.theinformationnet.com/


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Construction Commercial Products


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Further Reading

Nanotechnology for Green Building

Insights from exclusive Green Technology Forum interviews withleaders in the nanotech field and examples including how a singlenanotech innovation is saving one company $2.6 mil lion in energycosts and reducing their CO2 emissions by 35 million pounds per

year.

130 start-ups and established companies offering or developingnanomaterials for green bui lding, 54 projects underway at universities

and research centres, and 43 recent patents available for licensing

http://www.greentechforum.net/greenbuild/
http://www.greentechforum.net/greenbuild/http://www.greentechforum.net/greenbuild/


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Summary

Nanotechnology offers much, it is more a question of wherenanotechnology can not make an impact rather then where itcan!

All about timing and associated costs

Nanoscience has a role to play in addressing many of the keyissues society faces.

Energy

Healthcare

Environment

Security

.. All relevant to the Modern Built Environment!


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UK Activities

Technology Strategy Board Collaborative R&D Programme

Retrofit for the Future: 10 million of funding to address the challenge of

housing refurbishment

Research Council Funding

First Grand Challenge: Energy (2007, 8 projects with 6.7 mil lion for f irst

stage) Third Grand Challenge: Carbon utilisation or capture (outl ine proposals

call to be issued at the beginning of June)

NanoKTN Sector Focus Groups High Performance Materials

Coatings

Energy


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Thank You!

Dr Toby Gill

Nanotechnology KTN

Email: [email protected]

URL: www.nanoktn.com
mailto:[email protected]://www.nanoktn.com/http://www.nanoktn.com/mailto:[email protected]


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23.application of nanotechnologies in the built environment - 03_06_09 - dr toby gill

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