24-10-2015nordens velfærdscenter1 metropolis conference azores september 13, 2011 migration and...
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20-04-23 Nordens Velfærdscenter 1
Metropolis Conference Azores September 13, 2011
Migration and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groupsat The Labour Market
Björn HalvorsenNordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues
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”The Nordic Way”
Well organised Working Life
Tripartite Cooperation
Active Labour Market Policy
Universal Social Security
Comprehensive Public Services
Taxation financed and Redistributive
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Good Achievements
• Equality and an egaliterian societies
• High labour force participation and low unemployment
• Sustainable Economic Growth,
• Effectiveness and Competitiveness
• Stability and Predictability
• Transparency & Confidence
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High labour force paricipation in the nordic countriesPer cent of all inhabitants 15/16- 64 year old
Country 2000 2008Denmark 76 % 78 %Finland 67 % 71 %Iceland .. 84 %Norway 76 % 78 %Sweden 74 % 76 %
Netherlands 73 % 76 %France 62 % 65 %Germany 65 ½ % 70 ½ %Spain app. 60 % 65 % UK 71 % 71 ½ % EU-15 63 ½ % 67 ½ % OECD 64 ½ % 66 ½ %
Source: Eurostat / OECD
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Unemployment differs substatially across countriesSource: OECD Employment Outlook 2009/2010
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Vulnerable groups at the labour market
Youngsters at risk during transition from school to work ” School dropouts” Young Disabled Immigrant Youngsters
Disabled persons (physically and mentally) Low labour force participation. BUT:
Many of them for sure want to work – and they can !
Seniors at risk for unintended early retirement How to stimulate – socially acceptable – to higher participation and higher
retirement age – for those who prefer so?
Immigrants
First and second generation (two immigrant parents)Africa Pakistan Iran Iraque etc
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Recessions not only hurt lots of people, but also take a long time to restore
Unemployment rates in Finland 1970-2005
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1970M1 1975M1 1980M1 1985M1 1990M1 1995M1 2000M1 2005M1
4 years
3 years
14 years
18 years
3 years 1 year
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Low employment rates among disabled persons Employment rates by disability status in the late-2000s (left axis) and trends in relative employment rates since the mid-1990s (right axis)
Source: OECD Sickness, Disability and Work – Synthesis Report 2010
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Labour force participation rates among youngsters 15-24 years old in the Nordic countries and EU-15
2000-2010
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High Unemployment rates among youngsters 15-24 years old in the nordic countries and EU-15
2000-2010
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1 of 3 nordic youngsters drops out of secondary school- but almost everybody starts up there -
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Main Strategies in the Nordic Countries:
”Jobs for everybody is job number 1”
Economic Policyaimed at balanced development in the short and long run
Monetary Policies. Fiscal Policies. Tripartite Cooperation
Active Labour Market PolicyIncome security. A wide range of Measures.
Quick and substantial expansions and reductions
Universal Social SecurityIn case of unemployment, sickness, pregnancy and child care,
disability, old age, death / survivors
Taylored Inclusion PoliciesAimed at vulnerable groups:
Youngsters. Disabled. Seniors. Refugees/Immigrants
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What about Programme Achievements?
Evaluations of Nordic Active Labour Market & Inclusion Programmes conclude that there are:
• Positive, but modest effects on employment at general
• Best effects of Taylored Programs for Vulnerable grups Immigrants/refugees. Persons with reduced work capacity. Disabled. Etc
• Types of Programmed with good “Job Effect”: - Introduction Programme (new immigrants) - “New Chance” ( exeprienced, vulnerable immigrants - On-the-Job Training and practice - Wage Subsidies & other employer supports - Mutual obligations and close following-up - Chaining of Measures
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Labour Market Inclusion Strategiesaimed at Vulnerable Youngsters
• Early prevention of marginalisation, and intervention if necessary
•Tailored measures and individual following-up in addition to the universal measures and scheemes. Avoid school-dropouts!
• Individual ”rights-and-duties-regimes”. Personal coaching
• Coordination of service providers and stakeholders
• ”At-work-training” and Supported Employment
• Reduce Risks and invest in positive Economic Incentives for Employers
• Listen to the youngsters! Encourage hope and (self)confidence. Help to make dreams be realistic!
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Metropolis Conference Azores September 13, 2011
My Conclusion:
Labour Market Inclusion And Migration
Thank [email protected]
www.nordicwelfare.org