25 years of managing contaminated bundeswehr sites · the brochure ‘25 years of managing...
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The Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme
25 years of managing contaminated Bundeswehr sites
EditorFederal Ministry of DefenceSection IUD II 5Soil + Water ProtectionFontainengraben 15053123 Bonn
Project controllingFederal Ministry of Defencesupported byOFD Lower SaxonyBuilding and Estate Department Waterloostraße 430169 Hannover
Typesetting/Layout Engineering Consultants Dr. Eng. Christian NiestrojDipl.-Geogr. Christoph KollogeGeibelstraße 63 30173 Hannover
Date of publicationMay 2014
Published byFederal Office for Infrastruc-ture, Environmental Protection and Services of the BundeswehrDL I 4 – Central Printing OfficeCologne-Bonn
Circulation200 copies
Copyright The brochure ‘25 years of managing contaminated Bundeswehr sites’ is protected by copyright, all rights reserved. Copies may be made and distributed within the building administrations of the Federation and the Federal States as well as within the Bundeswehr. Copies of the entire brochure or excerpts from the brochure may only be made and distributed outside the area of responsibility of the building administrations of the Federation and the Federal States as well as within the Bundeswehr with prior written permission from the editor.
Photo creditsRights of use for photos with no specific attribution are incumbent upon OFD Lower Saxony. The photos on the title page and on pages 6, 10, 11 and 17 are imbedded in the website pixelio.de. Pages 18-23 contain photos and graphics from the website graphicriver.net.
NoteThe names Liegenschaftsinformationssystem Außenanlagen LISA® and FIS BoGwS® are registered trade names in the Federal Republic of Germany.
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3.13.23.3
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55.15.2
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6.1
6.2
Introduction
The history of the Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme
The concept behind the contaminated sites remediation programme OrganisationanddistributionoftasksContaminationmanagementproceduresLookingahead
Soil and groundwater protection guidelines
IT toolsFISBoGwS/INSABundeswehrSDMandWEB-Client
Results of the contaminated sites remediation programmeManagingconfirmedandsuspectedcontaminatedsites Budget
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4
8101215
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181921
22
2325
26List of abbreviations
Table of contents
2 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
introduction C H A P T E R 1
Due to often many years of use contamination of soil and groundwater can be found on many military sites. They are often warfare related and date back to the time of the first and second world wars as well as to the cold war era. However, military use of the sites by the Bundeswehr has also caused soil contamination and water pollution.
3e i n l e i t u n gi n t r o d u c t i o n
TheBundeswehr’sremediationprogrammetoman-agecontaminationontheirestatehasnowbeeninplacefor25years.Thisprogrammecontinuestoen-surethatcontaminatedsitesaremanagedcompre-hensivelyandinatarget-orientedmannerthrough-outtheBundeswehrestateintheFederalRepublicofGermany.Theprogrammeconsistsofthreephasesincludingdatacaptureandinitialevaluation(phase1),investigationandriskassessment(phase2)andremediation(phase3).
Overtheyears,theremediationprogrammehascontinuouslybeenadaptedtotakecurrentdevel-opmentsintoaccount,forexamplenewlegislationorITadvances,andmanagementprocedureshavebeenoptimisedaccordingly.
Moreover,theBundeswehrtakessoilandwaterpro-tectionveryseriously.Basedonthecontaminated
sitesremediationprogrammetheyhaveinitiatedanewprogrammeforthesustainablemanagementofactivemilitarytrainingareasinordertoensureunlimitedyetenvironmentallyfriendlytrainingoperationsinthelongterm.FortheBundeswehrastheuserofavarietyofcontaminatedsites,bothprogrammesareimportantinstrumentsforfulfillingtheirobligationstoprotectsoilandwater.
Furthermore,theso-calledcomprehensivegeohy-drologicalmasterplansasplanningandmanage-menttoolswithinthegeoinformationsystemaswellastheguidelines
ƒ onproceduresandnotificationincaseof accidentswithwaterpollutantsand
ƒ onmilitaryexercisesinwaterprotectionareas
contributeinparticulartoprotectingsoilandwater.
S u P P L E m E n TA Ry I n f o R m AT Io n
Explosive ordnance
ThedangersresultingfromabandonedexplosiveordnancefromWWIandIIfallwithintheremitofpoliceandstatutorylaw.Asarule,thisisthereforenotcoveredunderthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeoftheBundeswehr.
If,however,pollutantshaveemanatedfromthistypeofordnancecausingsoilorwatercontamination,theBundeswehrdealswithitundertheprogrammeregime.
Warfare related contaminated sites from WW I and II
WarfarerelatedcontaminatedsitesfromWWIandIIarelocationswhichhadbeenusedfortheproductionandstorageofweaponsandammunitionormilitaryoperationsbefore1945.Thiscomprisesnotonlyammunitionstorage,manufacturingandprocessingsitesbutalsoforexampledefusinganddismantlingfacilitiesaswellasabandonedweaponry.ThesesitesarecoveredundertheBundeswehrcontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.
4 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
the history of the Bundeswehr contaminated sites remediation programme
C H A P T E R 2
5
programmeeast’wasinitiatedin1991.Manyofthesitesincorporatedintotheprogrammeatthistimewereseverelycontaminated,oftenatnumer-ouslocationsduetothemanyyearsofmilitaryuseandthelowenvironmentalstandardsuptothelate1980s.Someofthesoilandgroundwatercontami-nationwasofconsiderabledangertothegeneralpublic.Atfirstthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammefocussedhereontheacutedangerstolifeandlimb,carryingoutimmediatedangerde-fenceaction.Afterthat,allsuspectedcontaminatedsitesweresystematicallyworkedthrough.Thebasicprinciplesofaprocedureinthreephases–whicharestillapplicabletoday–wereinitiallyestablishedinthe‘Conceptforcapturingdataandinvestigat-ingsitessuspectedofcontamination’in1992fortheContaminatedSitesRemediationProgrammeEast.Thenin1994theFederalMinistryofDefence(FMOD)introducedregulationsformanagingcontaminatedsitesonacomprehensivenationwidebasis.
Inordertoprovideallofthestakeholderswithabindingandreliableconceptforactiontobetaken,thefirstversionofthe‘Practicalguidelinesforapplyingbuildingstandardstoplanningandimple-mentationofmeasurestosafeguardandcleanupcontaminatedsoil’waspublishedin1996,forshort
At the end of the ‘Cold War’, society, politics and the military underwent fundamental change. This led to a reorganisation of the armed forces at the end of the 1980s, especially in central Europe.
Alargenumberofmilitarysitesweredecommis-sionedandhadtobepreparedforfollow-oncivilianuse.Formanyoftheremainingmilitarysites,therequirementschanged.Inbothcasesthequestionofpossiblecontaminationandinherentriskswasraised.
Atthesametime,societyandpoliticswerebecom-ingmoreandmoreawareofenvironmentalissues.TheBundeswehrbegansystematicallylookingintocontaminationonmilitarysitesin1989,start-ingwithacomprehensivestudyofallsiteswherecontaminationwassuspectedinthewesternpartofGermany.Thistookuntilabout1994.
AfterthefalloftheWall,thesiteswithintheformerGermanDemocraticRepublic(GDR)addedtotheproblemsthathadalreadybeenrecognisedinthewesternfederalstates.AfterreunificationtheBundeswehrtookoverthemilitaryinstallationsformerlyusedbytheNationalPeople’sArmyoftheGDR.FurthersiteswereaddedtotheprogrammewhentheWesternGroupofForcesoftheCom-monwealthofIndependentStates(theformerGroupofSovietForcesinGermany)withdrew.
InordertomanagethelargenumberofsitestheBundeswehr‘contaminatedsitesremediation
t h e h i s t o r y
6 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s66
2
77
‘Practicalguidelinesfordealingwithcontaminat-edsites’(nowcalled‘Practicalguidelinesfortheprotectionofsoilandgroundwater’–abbreviatedinGermanAHBoGwS,seeChapter4).
Atthesametimethedatabase‘InformationSys-temContaminatedSites’(abbreviatedinGerman:INSA;now‘InformationSystemSoilandGround-waterProtectionINSA’)wasdeveloped,alongwithadditionalITtools(seeChapter5).
ThecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammegainedevenmoremomentumoncetheFederalSoilProtectionLaw(BBodSchG)andtheFed-eralSoilProtectionOrdinance(BBodSchV)werepassedin1998and1999.
Theoriginalprogrammeupto1990dealtonlywithcontaminationondecommissionedsites,then–inconjunctionwiththenewlegislation–itbecamenecessarytoextendtheprogrammetoincludeallsiteswithsuspectedorconfirmedcon-tamination,nomatterwhenorhowitoriginated.Asaresult,theBundeswehrbegantocapturedataonthesesitesthroughoutitsestateaswell.Thusthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammedevelopedintoacomprehensiveprogrammeformanagingcontaminatedsites,withthefollow-updatacapturestillongoingtodayinsomecases.
t h e h i s t o r y
31
1 MilitarytrainingareaMunster-Nord
2+3 MunitionsdepotAurich-Tannenhausen:coveredexplosionstandatanannealingfacilityandneutralisationbasin
8 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
the concept behind the contaminated sites remediation programme
C H A P T E R 3
9
exceptionshasbeentransferredtoBImAowner-ship.BasedonaframeworkagreementbetweentheFMOD,theFederalMinistryofFinanceandBImAitwasagreedthattheBundeswehrwillcontinuetousethecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammetomanagethecontaminatedsitestheyuseuntilthereisnolongeramilitaryrequirementforthesitesandtheyarehandedbacktoBImA.AspartoftheProgramme,theBundeswehrkeepsBImAap-prisedofanydevelopments.
TheContaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeisingeneraladynamicinstrument;thecontrols,guidelinesanddataprocessingtoolscontinuetobeoptimised.Inaddition,regulartrainingsessionsandseminarsforeveryoneinvolvedprovidecom-prehensivefurthereducationandopportunitiesforexchanginginformationandexperiences.InaccordancewiththeFederalPropertyAgency(ab-breviatedinGerman:BImA)Lawfrom2004alloftheestateusedbytheBundeswehrwithonlyafew
from the beginning, the contaminated sites remediation programme was aimed at creating nationwide standard and efficient organisation structures, procedures and tools for data processing, documentation and evaluation throughout the estate to capture data on suspected and known contaminated sites in order to investigate, assess the risk and – as required – carry out remedial works.
t h e c o n c e p t
Source:Simple/pixelio.de
10 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
3
organisation and distribution of tasks3.1
TheDirectorate-GeneralforInfrastructure,En-vironmentalProtectionandServiceswithintheFMODisresponsibleforthestrategicdirectionoftheBundeswehr’scontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.TheStatutoryTasksDivisionoftheFederalOfficeforInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionandServices(BAIUDBw)inBonncon-trols,coordinatesandmonitorstheprogramme
nationwide.Theannualreportingprocedureisthemostimportantgovernancetoolinaddressingcontaminationissues.TheK6sectionsofthesevenCentresofExpertiseinBuildingManagementoftheBAIUDBwareresponsibleforregionalcoordinationandtaskthebuildingadministrationstocarryouttheworks.Thisalsoincludesworkingcloselyto-getherwiththeresponsibleregulatoryauthorities,
Various departments of the Bundeswehr and the federal and State Building Administration are involved in implementing the contaminated sites remediation programme.
organisational structureofcontaminationmanagementonthemilitaryestate
LSBoGwSLand:CentralofficesoftheFederalstatesforsoilandgroundwaterprotection,sometimesdelegatedtothelocalconstructionlevel
*
T H E C o n C E P T
LS BoGwS
CentralOfficeoftheFederationforSoilandGroundwater
Protection
BAIuDBw
FederalOfficeforInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionand
ServicesoftheBundeswehr
LS BoGwS Land*
BuildingAdministrationoftheFederalStates
(supervisorylevel)
BwDLZ
BundeswehrServiceCentres
Building Administration of the federal States
(localconstructionlevel)
fmoD
FederalMinistryofDefence,Directorate-GeneralforInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionandServices
11O R G A N I S A T I O N A N D D I S T R I B U T I O N O F T A S K S
generallyfromPhaseIIoftheprogrammeonward.EnvironmentalexpertsattheBundeswehrServiceCentres(BwDLZ)providesupporttoBAIUDBwatthelocallevel,inparticularwiththefollow-updatacaptureexercise.TheCentralOfficeoftheFederationforSoilandGroundwaterProtec-tion(LSBoGwS)locatedwithintheStateFinanceAdministration(OFD)ofLowerSaxonyundertakesspecifictasksofsoilandgroundwaterprotection,theclearanceofexplosiveordnanceandthesiteoutdoorinformationsystem(LISA).
AnothercoretaskismanagingthecentraldatabaseINSAanddevelopingthetechnicalinformationsystemonsoilandgroundwaterprotection(FISBoGwS,seeChapter5.1)aspartoftheLISAsys-tem.Ifcomplexproblemsarise,theCentralOfficeLSBoGwSassistsuponrequestwiththeirexper-tiseaccumulatedovertheyearsforindividualsites
federal ministry of Defence,BendlerblockinBerlin Source:Bundeswehr/MartinStollberg
andprovidesavailabledata.ThecentralofficesoftheFederalstatesforsoilandgroundwaterprotec-tion(LSBoGwSLand)arethefirstpointsofcontactfortheBundeswehratregionallevelwhenitcomestocontaminationmanagement.Theyarerespon-sibleforprojectcontrolling,thecommissioningandtechnicalsupportofthelocalbuildingadministra-tions,theexchangeoftechnicalinformationwiththeFederalCentralOfficeand,inparticular,themaintainingoftheINSAdatabase.
ThelocalbuildingadministrationsareresponsibleforcontractingouttheworkfortheBundeswehr,inparticularforinvestigatingandremediatingcontaminatedsites,incertaincasesalsoforcaptur-ingdata.Theworkassociatedwiththisisnormallycontractedouttoexternalspecialists,whopresenttheirfindingsinanexpert’sreport.
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All soil and groundwater contamination on sites used by the Bundeswehr are managed uniformly in three phases.
Contamination management procedures
Phase II: Investigation and risk assessmentThepurposeoftheexploratoryinvestigationinPhaseIIaistodeterminewhetherthereisanycon-taminationandtomakeapreliminaryriskassess-mentatreasonablecostandeffort.
Ifthereisnocontaminationoronlyaninsignificantamount,thesiteistakenoutoftheprogramme;ifcontaminationisconfirmed,thenextstepisusuallythedetailedinvestigationinPhaseIIb.
Phase I: Initial evaluationThefirststepforsitessuspectedofcontamina-tionbecauseoftheirusageorotherreasonsistopreciselylocalisethesite.Thenextstepistocollectanddocumentfurtherinformationandproposeahypothesisabouttheexistenceofcontamination.
Ifthesuspicionisnotconfirmedduringthesubse-quentinitialassessment,thesiteiseliminatedfromtheprogramme.Ifthesuspicionappearstobewell-founded,theinvestigationcontinuestoPhaseIIa.
3.2
Test facility for remediation of unsaturated soil areas
3 T H E C o n C E P T
13c o n ta m i n at i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o c e d u r e s
flow chart for dealing with suspected or known contaminated sites Source:AHBoGwS2014
Suspectedrisk
NoriskRisk
Suspectedcontamination
Contamination
noactionrequired
A/II
B/II
Nocontamination
Contaminationrequiringaction
i n p r o g r e s s c o m p l e t e d
Sitecategory/phaseA/I
Suspected contaminated site
Exploratory investigation
Data capture
Detailed investigation
Data capture and initial assessment
Exploratory investigation
Remediation planning
Detailed investigation
follow-up maintenance
B/IIINorisk
C/III follow-up maintenance
A/IInitial assessment
Evaluation
Risk
B/IINorisk
Risk assessment
Remediation planning
IIIa-2: Draft,approvalandimplementationplanning*
IIIa-1:Identificationofbasicrequirementsandpre-planning*
PH
AS
E I
PH
AS
E I
IaP
HA
SE
III
aP
HA
SE
IIb
IIIb
IIIc
E
Remediation
D
Suspectedcontaminationnot
confirmed
Actionrequired
Actionrequired
A/IIIRemediationNorisk
C E
D
*TheassessmentcantakeplaceinPhaseIIIa-1and/orIIIa-2.
C/IIIAssessment*
sustainabilityandproportionality
14 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
Classificationof sitesinaccordancewithAHBoGwS
CATEGoRy SIGnIfICAnCE CLASSIfICATIon
Nosuspectedcontaminationorsitehasundergoneremediation
Siteiseliminatedfromtheinvestigation,documentation,unrestricteduse
Lowlevelpollution,noriskatpresentSiteiseliminatedfromtheinvestigation,documentation,reassessment/investigationrequiredifuseofsitechanges
Evidenceofpollutionmayindicateharmfulchangestothesoilorwaterpollution,finalriskassessmentnotpossibleatthisstage
Siteiskeptunderobservationandreassessedatperiodicintervals,includesmonitoringofthesiteasfollow-upmaintenance
Evidenceofharmfulchangestothesoil/waterpollution
Worksrequiredtopreventhazards
Verificationasacontaminatedsiteorevidenceofpollution,furtherinformationrequiredforfinalriskassessment
Furtherinvestigationrequired
A
B
D
E
C
Thedetailedinvestigationincludesathoroughexaminationofthesitetoverifyandquantifytheconcreteevidenceofharmfulchangestothesoilorwaterpollution.Thisprovidesthebasisformakingtheriskassessment.Theriskassessmentprovidesareliableandclearindicationofwhethermeasuresarenecessarytopreventhazards.
IfaconcreteriskcanbeidentifiedinPhaseIIa,theplanningstageforremediationmayfollowondirectlyinPhaseIIIa.
Phase III: RemediationPhaseIIIisdividedintoPhaseIIIa(planningofremediationworks),PhaseIIIb(carryingoutreme-diationworks)andPhaseIIIc(follow-upmainte-nance).
PhaseIIIcomprisesallofthetechnicalandadmin-istrativeworkinvolvedinplanningandcarryingouttheremediationworks,includingfollow-upmain-tenanceaftertheworkshavebeencompletedandanymonitoringthatmayberequired.
Onceaphaseiscompleted,thesiteisclassifiedasacategoryA,B,C,DorEsite(seetablebelow).
Siteswithalonghistoryofcomplexcontaminationaremanagedunderaso-calledmasterplan,whichprovidestheagreedprocedurefordealingwithalloftheexistingorsuspectedcontaminatedareasontheestate.Thiscanincludeseveralsitesonthesameestate.Followupdatacapture,clearanceofordnanceand/ordismantlingofoldfacilitiescanbeincludedintheplanasrequired.
3 T H E C o n C E P T
15
Looking ahead3.3
Thecontinuousoptimisationofthecontami-natedsitesremediationprogrammehelpstoachievethisgoal.Thenewprogramme‘Preven-tiveandfollow-upsoilandwaterprotectiononmilitarytrainingareas’guaranteeslong-termenvironmentallysafeandsustainableuse.Itfocusesoninvestigatingfacilitieswheretrain-ingoperationsmayintroducepollutantsintothesoilandevaluatingthepotentialriskfortheenvironment.Harmfulsubstancesareremovedwherenecessary,andtechnicalinfrastructure
worksarecarriedoutatthefacilitiestoensurethattheriskpotentialisminimisedorevencompletelyeliminatedinfuture,oncetrainingresumes.
TheBundeswehrisexpectedtokeepenviron-mentaldamagetoaminimum.EffectivesoilandwaterprotectionontheBundeswehrestateisnotonlyastatutoryrequirementbutalsopartoftheirnationalresponsibilitytomaintainanintactenvironmentforfuturegenerations.
The Bundeswehr will continue to strive to ensure the effective and sustainable protection of soil and water.
16 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
soil and groundwater protection guidelines
C H A P T E R 4
17s o i l a n d g r o u n d w at e r p r o t e c t i o n g u i d e l i n e s
The decentralised contamination management on the Bundeswehr estate requires standard procedures.
Ontheonehand,thisisachievedthroughFMODregulations;ontheotherhand,theguidelinesforsoilandgroundwaterprotectionissuedtogetherbytheFMODandtheMinistryoftheEnvironment,NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafetyprovidedetailedguidance.
TheSoilandGroundwaterProtectionGuidelines(AHBoGwS)applytotheplanningandimple-mentationoftheinvestigationandremediationofharmfulchangesinthesoilandgroundwaterpollution.AsfarastheFMODisconcerned,theseregulationsapplytoallsoilandwaterpollution.
TheAHBoGwSaimstostandardisetheproceduresformanagingsuspectedandknowncontaminatedsitesthroughoutGermany,fromcapturingdatatoanynecessaryremediationinaccordancewithstatutoryrequirements.ThisalsotakesintoaccounttheprinciplesofcosteffectivenessandfrugalityinaccordancewithFederalTreasuryregulationsaswellassustainability.Inadditiontodefiningtheprocedures,theguidelinesprovidethebasisfordecision-making,tips,instructions,scopeofworkscataloguesandsampletenderingdocuments.
Otherguidelinessuchasthosefortheclearanceofunexplodedordnance,wastewatermanagement
andrecyclingprovidecomprehensivehelpwhentheseinterfacewithcontaminationmanagementandinconnectionwithotherissuesofplanning,constructionandoperationinaccordancewiththeregulationsforcarryingoutconstructionontheFederalestate.
Therespectiveguidelinesareavailableonthe
internetandcanbedownloadedfromthe
followingwebsites:
→ www.arbeitshilfen-bogws.de
→ www.ah-kmr.de or
www.arbeitshilfen-kampfmittelraeumung.de
→ www.arbeitshilfen-abwasser.de
→ www.arbeitshilfen-recycling.de
InTERnET
19f i s B o g w s / i n s a
fIS BoGwS/InSA5.1The technical information system for soil and groundwater protection (fIS BoGwS) is a component of the site outdoor infrastructure information system (LISA). It comprises several modules that complete the application’s possibilities.
Information system for soil and groundwater protection (INSA)
ThemostimportantmoduleistheINSA,thecentraldatabaseoftheFederation,whichfulfilstherequirementsoftheBundeswehr,thebuildingadministrationandBImAastheownerofthees-tatetomaintainuniformdocumentationindigitalform.TheINSAdatabaseisdesignedforcapturing,storingandevaluatingdatathatresultfromman-agingsoilandwatercontamination.Itisusedin
thebuildingadministrationandintheBundeswehrforFederalandState-ownedestateandisalsoaccessibletoBImA.Thebuildingadministrationisthemaindataowner.Projectcontroldataarealsostoredinadditiontotechnicaldata.Allinstancesofcontamination,includingthosethatdonotrequirefurtheraction,aredocumentedintheINSAdatabase.Theflowofinformationisregulatedin
20 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e sm a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
I T T o o L S5
internalBundeswehrguidelinesaswellasinthetheGuidelinesonSoilandGroundwaterProtection,ensuringthatthedatapassesfromtheconsultingengineercommissionedtoconducttheinvestiga-tiontothepertinentstate-levelcontrolagencyforsoilandgroundwaterprotectionandthenontotheBundeswehr.
TheINSAdatabaseoffersautomaticanalysisop-tionsforreportingonvariousissues.Itgeneratesannualreportswhichprovideanoverviewofmea-suresunderthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.
ThedatacaptureprogrammeEFAisusedforthedecentralizedcollectionofdata.Itismadeavailabletoenterprisesandagenciescommissionedtocarryoutsoilandwaterinvestigations.Whilstinthepast
EFAusedtobeaseparateprogramme,itisnowintegratedintothecurrentINSAprogramme.TheEFAprogrammealsogeneratesagraphicviewofthelocationofsuspectedcontaminatedsites,areasunderinvestigationandthescopeoftheproject.
Bundeswehr reporting system: TheBundeswehr’scontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammecanbeevaluatedonthebasisofannualreports,thusenablingsteeringandcontinuousoptimisation.Atotaloffourreporttablescontainanoverviewofthecosts,alistofsuspectedandknowncontami-natedsitesperestatethathavebeendealtwith,adetailedlistwithadditionalinformationsuchasthepollutantsandchemicalanalysesandastatisti-calevaluationbasedonthisinformation.Withtheexceptionoftheoverviewofcosts,thereporttablesaregeneratedautomaticallybytheINSAsystem.
20
Bundeswehr reporting
system
21B u n d e s w e h r s d m a n d w e B - c l i e n t 21
Bundeswehr SDm and WEB-Client 5.2
SDMisaproductthatcomplementsSASPF,aprojectundertakenbytheBundeswehrtointro-duceSAPstandardbusinessmanagementsoft-ware.Itisahighlyefficientinfrastructureanden-vironmentalmanagementsysteminwhichdatarecordsrelatingtoplotsofland,sites,buildingsandareasareprocessed,visualizedandadmin-
isteredaswellasintegratedwithalphanumericdata.Thecentrallystoreddataarecomparedregu-larlywiththoseattheCentralOfficeLSBoGwSatOFDNiedersachsen,whoarethecentralinterfacebetweentheBundeswehrandthestatebuildingadministrations.
In addition to read-only access to the InSA system, the Bundeswehr has at its disposal its own Spatial Data management (SDm) system and the WEB-Client, additional and powerful tools for accomplishing their specifi c tasks of protecting soil and water.
WEB-Client of the Bundeswehr
22 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
results of the contaminated sites remediation programme
C H A P T E R 6
23
Uptonow,atotalofnearly2,700militarysiteshavebeeninvestigatedforpossiblepollutionofsoilandgroundwaterundertheBundeswehr’scontaminatedsitesremediationprogramme.Morethan4,300projectshavebeencarriedoutinPhases
ItoIIIatthesesites.Mostoftheprojectscommis-sionedwithinthescopeofPhaseIwerecarriedoutupto1994duringtheinitialnationwidedatacap-tureofsuspectedcontaminatedBundeswehrsitesinWestGermanyandaspartoftheBundeswehr
managing confirmed and suspected contaminated sites
6.1
The Bundeswehr today uses around 1,700 of the more than 6,500 military sites that were at its disposal in the late 1980s/early 1990s in the old and the new federal states.
m a n a g i n g c o n f i r m e d a n d s u s p e c t e d c o n ta m i n at e d s i t e s
mangement in phases in all federal states, 1990to2013
1990 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '130
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Diagrammtitel
PhaseI PhaseII PhaseIII Follow-updatacapturePhaseI
projects350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
24 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s
MOH1
BTEX2
LCKW3
Heavymetals
PAH4
Other
PCB5
Explosivesandrelatedcomp.
Phenols
Cyanides
Suspected and verified pollutants, showingthepercent-ageofconfirmedandsuspectedcontaminatedsitesrela-tivetothetotalnumberofsuspectedcontaminatedsites
Verifiedpollutants(PhaseIIa)
22
3812
2715
2515
239
1411
14 1
7 2
3 2
11
81
Suspectedpollutants(PhaseI)
contaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeeast.Inmanycasesitwaspossibletoreliablyelimi-natethesuspicionofcontaminationasearlyastheinitialassessmentinPhaseI.Thusonlysome6,500outofmorethan15,000suspectedcasesofcontaminationwerecarriedoverintoPhaseII.
After1994thefocusoftheworkshiftedtoPhaseII,i.e.exploratoryanddetailedinvestigations.TheriskassessmentattheendofPhaseIIshowsthatonlyslightlymorethan10%ofthesitesinvestigatedhavebeenclassifiedasinneedofremediation.
Fromthemiddleofthe1990sthevolumeofremediationworkinPhaseIIIremainedconstant.Ithasdecreasedonlyintherecentyears,whichismainlyattributabletothelowernumberofBundeswehrsitesremainingafteranumberofsiteshadtobedecommissionedinthecourseofanewbasingprogramme.
Remediationworkshavebeencarriedoutatapprox.750sitesinPhaseIIIsofar.Only50%ofthepollutantssuspectedinPhaseIcouldactuallybedetectedbychemicalanalysisinPhaseII.
MOH(mineraloilhydrocarbons)contamination,veryfrequentlysuspectedinPhaseI,hasbeensubsequentlyconfirmedbytestsinPhaseIIainabout22%ofthecases;thesameappliestoPAH(polycyclicalaromatichydrocarbons)andphe-nols.Aromatichydrocarbonssuchasbenzene,toluene,ethylbenzeneandxylenes(BTEX),aswellasothergroupsofoftensuspectedpollutantssuchasheavymetals,havesimilarlybeenveri-fiedinnotableamountsthroughanalysis.Theseverifiedpollutantsdemonstratethattherangeofpollutantsfoundatmilitarysitesismainlyofa
“civilian”nature.Inanoverallcomparison,onlyalimitedextentofpurely“military”pollutantssuchasexplosivescompoundshavebeenfound.
AreviewofthePhaseIcontaminationhypothe-sesinPhaseIIahasalsorevealedthatthemea-suredconcentrationshaveonlyactuallymadefurtherPhaseIIbinvestigationsnecessaryatasmallnumberofsites.Inmanycases,pollutantshavebeenconfirmedonlyinverylowconcentra-tions.
R E S u LT S6
1Mineraloilhydrocarbons
2Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzeneandxylens
3Volatilechlorinatedhydrocarbons
4Polycyclicalaromatichydrocarbons
5Polychlorinatedbiphenyls
Allfiguresin%;asat03/2014
25B u d g e t
Amount of budgeted funds spentonthecontaminatedsitesremediationprogrammeoftheBundeswehrfrom1996to2013
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1996 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 1996 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13
MillionEuros
Budget6.2
berofyears.Annualexpenditureoncontaminationmanagementatthepresenttimehaslevelledofftoabout10millionEuros.Thisisdividedupintounequalamountsforthecostofengineers,buildingmaintenanceandmajorandminorworks.InsomecasestheBwDLZhavealsocontributedfromtheirownbudgets.
Thisdevelopmentisattributabletoanumberoffactors:thecompletionofanumberofremediationprojectsinthenewfederalstatesbythattime,thehandbackofmanysitesinneedofremediationtothethenFederalPropertyAdministrationandthefactthattheprogrammeintheoldFederalstateshadbeeninthelessexpensivePhaseIIforanum-
The Bundeswehr has spent over 440 million Euros on contamination management since 1991. up to 2001, the average budget expenditure on the contaminated sites remediation programme amounted to the equivalent of some 30 million Euros annually. In the years since, that expenditure has decreased to around 10 million Euros a year.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Engineeringservices
Maintenance
Majorandminorworks
BundeswehrServiceCentre
26 m a n a g i n g c o n ta m i n at e d B u n d e s w e h r s i t e s2 5 J a h r e K o n ta m i n at i o n s B e a r B e i t u n g i n d e r B u n d e s w e h r
list of abbreviations
27
AH BoGwS
BAIuDBw
BBodSchG
BBodSchV
BImA
BmuB
BmVg
BoGwS
BTEX
BwDLZ
GDR
EfA
fIS BoGwS
fmoD
GIS
InSA
IT
Kf
KVf
LCKW
LISA
LS
moH
ofD
PAH
PCB
SASPf
SDm
WEB-Client
Guidelinesonsoilandgroundwaterprotection
FederalOfficeofBundeswehrInfrastructure,EnvironmentalProtectionandServices
FederalSoilProtectionAct
FederalSoilProtectionOrdinance
FederalPropertyAgency
FederalMinistryoftheEnvironment,NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafety
FederalMinistryofDefence
Soilandgroundwaterprotection
Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzeneandxylene
BundeswehrServiceCentre
GermanDemocraticRepublic
Datacapturemoduleforcontamination
Technicalinformationsystemforsoilandgroundwaterprotection
FederalMinistryofDefence
Geoinformationsystem
Informationsystemforsoilandgroundwaterprotection
Informationtechnology
Confirmedcontaminatedsite
Suspectedcontaminatedsite
Highlyvolatilechlorinatedhydrocarbons
Siteoutdoorinfrastructureinformationsystem
Controlcentre
Mineraloilhydrocarbons
StateFinanceAdministration
Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons
Polychlorinatedbiphenyls
Productfamilynormforapplicationsoftware
Bundeswehrspatialdatamanagementsystem
ToolusedbytheBundeswehrtocapturefollow-updataonsuspectedcontaminatedsites
l i s t o f a B B r e v i at i o n s