29535168 berth kuliah pelabuhan maritim bu erika ii
TRANSCRIPT
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(DERMAGA)
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Port Authority:infrastructure
Private sector:superstructure
Locks
Docks
Quay Walls
...
Pavement
Handling equipment
Werehouses
...
Transhipment operations: actual situationof the partnership between the PA and the private sector
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SHIPS & THEIR INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES
Channels, port entrance,basin layout & harbor tug
MANOEUVRABILITY ATLOW SPEED
Motion of ships & their
mooring forces
MOORING EQUIPMENT
(ROPES & WIRES)
Mooring & fender designSHAPE OF HULL &
MOTION
Handling equipment & storageTYPES OF CARGO UNITS
(BULK, CONTAINER, ETC)
Types of CHE (quay cranes
& booster pumps)
Cargo handling ratesCARGO HANDLING
GEAR (CRANE & PUMPS)
Handling rateMinimum storage requirement for
full ship load
CARGO CARRYING
CAPACITY
Widths & bends of channels,
the size of port basins
Width of channels & basins
Length & layout of terminal, length
of quay, location of transit sheds
The reach of CHE
Water depth along the berth, in
channels & basins
MAIN DIMENSIONS : Length
Beam
Draft
INFLUENCE ON PORT
FACILITIES
GOVERNING /
DETERMINATION
SHIP
CHARACTERISTICS
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Characteristic loads acting on a berth structure
1.From Sea Side 2.From berth itself 3.From Landside
Horizontal
loads
Vertical
loads
Horizont
al loadsVertical loads
Horizontal
loads
Vertical
loads
FromSea
ShipBerthing
Shiplying
at berth
Deadweight
Superimposed
loads
1.Wave2.Icepressure
1.Speedcaused byships own
engine, wind,or current.When V isfixed Ef iscalculatedand the forceon the berthdetermined.2. Forcesalong thefront of theberth.3. Bollardforce
1.Bollardforces2.Current
3.Wind4.Waves
1. Vessel
hangs up
on thefendering
2. Bollard
3. Heave
force cause
by ice
4. Live
saving
equipment
1.Temp.shrinkage2.From
cranes3.Wind forceon building4.Forcesagainst curb.5.Horz.forcesdue tofrictionalmaterial
1.Berth2.Building
1.Superimposedloads and wheelloads
2.Snow loads3.Ice forces
1.Dead weighton filling
2.Superim
posed loadson filling3.Waterporepressure
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The design wave height Hdes, which should bechosen for the design may, depending on theseverity of the allowable risk, be as follows:
Type of structure Hdes/Hs
Erosion protection 1.0 to 1.4
Rubble-mound breakwater 1.0 to 1.5
Concrete breakwater 1.6 to 1.8
Berth Structures 1.8 to 2.0
Structure with high safety requirements 2.0
Berth Structure
Berths, Fendering ,Jetties, Pier Caisson
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The purpose of a berth structure is mainly to provide a verticalfront where ships can berth safely. The berth fronts areconstructed according to one of the following two main principles,as illustrated in figure 3.4.1. A. :
Solid Berth Structure : The fill is
extended right out to the berth front
where the a vertical front wall is
constructed to resist the horizontal load
from the fill and a possible useful load.
Open Berth Structure : From the top of
a dredged or filled slope and out to the
berth front a load bearing slab is
constructed on columns or lamella walls.
In open structures all vertical loads are
transmitted via the columns or lamella
walls to rock, or to a load resistant sub
soil stratum.
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The bearing ofhorizontal loads cantake place at three
levels :
at quay level
between deck
and bottom level
at bottom level
Characteristic loads acting on a berth structure
1.From Sea Side 2.From berth itself 3.From Landside
Horizontal
loads
Vertical
loads
Horizont
al loadsVertical loads
Horizontal
loads
Vertical
loads
FromSea
ShipBerthing
Shiplying
at berth
Deadweight
Superimposed
loads
1.Wave2.Icepressure
1.Speedcaused byships ownengine, wind,or current.When V isfixed Ef iscalculatedand the forceon the berthdetermined.2. Forcesalong thefront of theberth.3. Bollardforce
1.Bollardforces2.Current3.Wind4.Waves
1. Vessel
hangs up
on the
fendering
2. Bollard
3. Heave
force cause
by ice
4. Live
saving
equipment
1.Temp.shrinkage2.Fromcranes3.Wind forceon building4.Forcesagainst curb.5.Horz.forcesdue tofrictionalmaterial
1.Berth2.Building
1.Superimposedloads and wheelloads2.Snow loads3.Ice forces
1.Dead weighton filling
2.Superimposed loadson filling3.Waterporepressure
Bower
ro e
Bower
breast
Bower
spring Stern spring Stern breast Stern rope
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Berth
Front
Berth
LineApron
Terrain
Water
Depthro
n
Height
Habour
BasinDredged
Bottom
Quay slab
Filled
Front wall
Dredged
GENERAL
SOLID
BERTH
Front wall
Quay slab
Columns
(piles)
Erosionprotection
Dredged
or
Excavated
OPEN BERTH
Figure : Type of berth front structure
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General consideration
General considerations should be taken before making a quaywall are whether the quay wall are built along shore line, inland
or in deep water.
a) along shoreline b) inland c) in deep water
Figure : Location choice of berth construction
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A choice of quay wall structure is strongly affectedby some boundary condition, such as:
Soil condition; it is the most important consideration since it
has more or less 50% geotechnical problem. Soil pressure
Life load on quay, uniform load, point loads, mooring forces
(bollard, fenders)
Depth in front of quay
Tidal effects/water table behind quay
Secondary effects; wind, current, waves, swell, seismic
loads, ice loads
Boundary Condition :
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QUAY WALL
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Type of Quay Walls
Figure. : Cross-Section of a Quay Wall in Block Construction
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Figure. : Design of Quay Wall in Blockwork Constructionin an Earthquake
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Pertimbangan Praktis
Tanah keras harus dekat ke dasar dock
Memerlukan banyak penggalian dan penurunan
water table
Kualitas sempurna dapat diperoleh Ongkos pemeliharaan yang rendah
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Overall stability
SlidingH
M
Figure : Stability of Berth Structure