308 moser woo · 2018-04-03 · 9/28/2016 9 first human case in northamerica in jan. 2014...
TRANSCRIPT
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Teri Moser Woo PhD, RN, CPNP, CNL, FAANP
At the end of this session participants will have the most current information from the CDC regarding immunizations
At the end of this session participants will be familiar with the most current information regarding vaccine safety and efficacy
At the end of this session participants will be aware of vaccines in development
Influenza Pertussis Measles Mumps Meningitis
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4:3:1:3:3:1:4 71.4% MMR 91.5% Rotavirus series 71.7% HepA 2 doses 57.5% Children who received no vaccinations 0.8%
MMWR (2015) 64(33);889‐896http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6433a1.htm
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94% for 2 doses of MMR
93.6% for 2 doses of varicella
94.2% for DTaP
Mississippi > 99% coverage
Median exemption rate 1.8%
MMWR (2015) 64(33);897‐904
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Tdap 86.4% [OR 85.3%] MCV4 81.3% [OR 75.4%]
2 doses by age 18: 33.3%
2 doses MMR 90.7% 3 doses Hep B 91.1% 2 doses Varicella 83.1% HPV
One dose: females 62.8% / 49.8% males [OR 70%/58.6%]
Three doses: females 41.9% / males 28.1% [OR 48.9%/35.7%]MMWR. 2016;65(33);850‐8.
Pneumococcal vaccine aged 19–64 yrs at high risk: 21.2%
aged ≥65 years: 59.7% Tetanus‐containing vaccine in past 10 years 64.2% for adults aged 19–49 years
63.5% for adults aged 50–64 years
55.1% for adults aged ≥65 years
Tdap aged ≥19 years: 14.2% Herpes Zoster vaccine aged ≥60 years: 21.1%
Hepatitis A vaccine ≥2 doses aged 19–49 yrs 12.2%
Hepatitis B vaccine ≥3 doses aged 19–49 yrs 35.3%
HPV vaccine women aged 19–26 yrs: 34.5%
males aged 19–21 yrs: 2.4% (2.2% for 22–26 yrs)
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Children
Figure 1 reconfigured to change the order of vaccines
Purple bar added to Hib line to increase high risk range from 5 yrs to 18 yrs
HepA line split purple/blue bar changed
Tdapmoved down so immunizations in order
HPV nomenclature will change to and include HPV9 valent
HPV line a purple bar added to age 9 yr‐11 yrs
Meningococcal B added, purple bar added at 18 yrs and blue bar at 16 to 18 years
HPV HPV4 or HPV9 may be used for males or females
Administer HPV at age 9 years in children with history of sexual abuse or assault if they have not started the series
Catch up vaccination, use either HPV4 or HPV9
7/19/16 American Cancer Society endorsed HPV vaccine recommendations Meningococcal vaccines Added recommendations for serotype meningococcal B vaccines
Preferred age for vaccination age 16 to 18 years
Approved for age 16 to 23 years
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Interval for PCV13 followed by PPSV 23 in immunocompetent adults > 65 yr increased to at least one year
interval for adults aged ≥19 years with immunocompromising conditions, anatomical or functional asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or cochlear implants conditions is at least 8 weeks.
Serogroup B meningococcal vaccine through at 23 yrs HPV9 added to adult schedule
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Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines (MenACWY and HibMenCY)
update the eligible groups for the use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines to include children > 2 months of age who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
ACIP recommends annual flu vaccination, with either the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) or recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV), for everyone 6 months and older.
ACIP has recommended against the use of LAIV (Flumist) in the 2016‐2017 flu season
Based on lower effectiveness of LAIV from 2013 through 2016
Immunize all patients > 6 months IM trivalent inactivated vaccine > 6 months Intranasal LAIV age 24 months to 49 yrs Fluzone intradermal age 18 to 64 yrs Fluzone high‐dose for age > 65 yrs
Quadravalent LAIV Flumist Quadravalent Fluarix Quadrivalent Fluzone Intradermal Quadrivalent vaccine
cdc.gov/flu
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An A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09‐like virus An A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)‐like virus
replaces A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)‐like virus
A B/Brisbane/60/2008‐like virus (B/Victoria lineage)
For quadrivalent vaccines, these viruses PLUS
B/Phuket/3073/2013‐like virus (B/Yamagata lineage).
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“Good match” is 50% to 60% effective Range since 2003 has been 10% to 60% effective
H3N2 was the predominant strain in 2014‐2015 but 70% of samples “drifted” from the H3N2 in the 2014‐2015 vaccine Discovered after Northern Hemisphere vaccine developed Several genetic groups of H3N2 viruses co‐circulated
Influenza A genetically “drifts” from season to season 2014‐2015 vaccine was estimated to have 23% vaccine effectiveness
2015‐2016 had 51% effectiveness against H1N1 Antivirals recommended for all high risk patients with + flu or ILI
MMWR (2015) 64(01), 10‐15
The real “swine flu” 2012: 309 confirmed cases 2013: 19 cases confirmed 2014: 3 cases confirmed (OH & WI) 2015: 3 cases confirmed (MI, MN, NJ) Mean age of cases 8 years Symptoms are similar to seasonal influenza Fever (97%), cough (84%), sore throat (64%) Incubation period 2‐3 days Duration of illness 3‐4 days
98% had direct or indirect contact with swine 66% had prolonged, close contact with pigs (2+ days)
Treat suspected cases with oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir Vaccine in development
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First human case in North America in Jan. 2014 Dec 2014/Jan 2015 H5N1 & H5N2 in wild birds in Washington State Feb 2015 wild birds in Oregon• New H5N1 reassortant*, H5N8, H5N2**
Highly pathogenic in chickens – Reassortants WHO reports only 5 cases in Egypt in 2016 so far (WHO, June 2016) Consider HPAI H5N1 testing for persons that have both a clinical syndrome
consistent with HPAI H5N1 disease & possible exposure during the 10 days before the illness onset.
Treatment: Oseltamivir Q‐PAN H5N1 vaccine experiencing production delays Mid‐2017 Q‐Pan H5N1 vaccine cross reactive with H5N1 viruses but not with H5N2 or H5N8
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h5n1‐virus.htm
US: 32,971 cases in 2014
California had 11,114 cases in 2014
2015: 4417 cases through 11/30/15
Rhode Island had 108 cases in 2014
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Statewide pertussis incidence and incidence of cases in 7- to 10-year-olds, Oregon (OR) and Minnesota (MN), 2000–2010.
Tartof S Y et al. Pediatrics 2013;131:e1047-e1052
©2013 by American Academy of Pediatrics
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Risk ratios and incidence rates for pertussis by year of follow-up post fifth-dose DTaP, Minnesota (MN) and Oregon (OR), 2010.
Tartof S Y et al. Pediatrics 2013;131:e1047-e1052
©2013 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Annual rate of PCR-confirmed pertussis by age in the KPNC population in the 2010 and 2014 outbreaks.
Nicola P. Klein et al. Pediatrics doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3326
©2016 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Annual pertussis incidence, Tdap vaccination rate, and DTaP history in the KPNC population, by age, during the pertussis outbreak from April 2014 to March 2015.
Nicola P. Klein et al. Pediatrics doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3326
©2016 by American Academy of Pediatrics
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Nicola P. Klein et al. Pediatrics doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3326
ACIP recommendation to vaccinate all women in third trimester ore late second trimester of each pregnancy
Maternal antibodies transfer to fetus
Cocooning is the strategy of vaccinating all close contacts of infants with Tdap to reduce the risk of transmission Ideally at least 2 weeks before contact with the infant Parents, siblings, grandparents, child‐care providers and health‐care personnel
26.1% of adults > 19 yrs self report receiving a Tdap vaccine from 2005‐2013 (MMWR, 2015, 64(04);95‐102)
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Fig. 4 Estimated GMT of IgG anti-PT in infant blood samples in the period after postpartum if an infant is not vaccinated with DTaPat two months of age.
Alba Vilajeliu , Anna Goncé , Marta López , Josep Costa , Laura Rocamora , José Ríos , Irene Teixidó , José M. B...
Combined tetanus-diphtheria and pertussis vaccine during pregnancy: transfer of maternal pertussis antibodies to the newborn Vaccine, Volume 33, Issue 8, 2015, 1056 - 1062
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.062
Current studies underway 5 or 10 year interval
Safety
ADRs comparable
Efficacy
Response rates at 5 and 10 yrs comparable
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December 17‐20, 2014 visit to Disneyland
From 117 people from 14 states were reported to have measles.
Most of these cases are part of a large, ongoing outbreak linked to an amusement park in California (CDC, Jan 30, 2015)
Woman in her 20’s; case linked to British Columbia outbreak Worked at a bakery while contagious Traveled to Seattle for a concert at Key Arena
Stayed at the Best Western
Pike Place Market, Starbucks, restaurants Tacoma: LeMay Car Museum, Harmon Brewing Company, Safeway, Kmart
Washington State Dept of Health
Recommendation if traveling abroad:
> 6 mo should received 1 dose before travel
> 12 mo should receive 2 doses before travel (separated by 28 days)
cdc.gov/measles
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1,786 cases in 2016 (as of 8/13/16) Four states have reported more than 100 cases this year: IA, IN, IL and MA
1,223 confirmed cases of mumps in 2014 1,057 cases in 2015
College campuses Harvard 40+ cases (April 2016)
2016 outbreaks on campuses in Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, and Wisconsincdc.gov/mumps
November/December 2014 there were 18 cases of mumps among NHL hockey players Six teams One referee, one lineman, one intern
2 dose effectiveness of MMR against mumps 80% to 90% 10% to 20% vaccinated people are susceptible to mumps during outbreaks
A third dose of MMR may be recommended in an outbreak
Serogroup B College campuses Princeton University 2014: 8 cases (ST409 strain)
UC Santa Barbara 2014: 4 cases (ST32 strain)
Univ of Oregon 2015: 7 cases
Rutgers University 2016: 2 cases ▪ All UG students required to have Mengingitis B vaccine for 2016‐17
Adult MSM Chicago ongoing outbreak since May 2015 (9 cases, 2 in March 2016)
Southern California 2016: 9 cases since May 1, 2016
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October 2014: Trumenba
Age 10‐25
3 doses (0, 2, 6 months)
January 2015: Bexero
Age 10‐25 years
2 doses at least 1 month apart
HPV strains 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 & 58
96% effective
FDA approved females and male aged 9 through 26 years
Current studies underway for two dose schedule
WHO schedule changed recommendation in 2014 to 2 doses for girls 9 to 14 yrs (0, 6 mo)
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www.cdc.gov/travel Interactive website
www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy
ASSESS the immunization status of your patient
Strongly RECOMMEND the vaccinations patients need
ADMINISTER the vaccine or REFER to a vaccine provider
DOCUMENT vaccines given
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Influenza Vaccination rate among Healthcare providers 2013‐2014NP/PA 97.6% (Overall 75.2%)MMWR (2014), 63(37), 812‐816
Hexavalent vaccine DTaP‐IPV‐Hib‐HepB (Hexaxim®) Approved in Europe, Malaysia
RSV vaccine in phase III trials 2 TB vaccines are in Phase IIb infant trials H3N2v Influenza vaccine in development Ebola vaccine in trials in Africa 8000 HCP vaccinated in Sierra Leone Results expected by Fall 2016
Dengue vaccine in phase III trials Malaria vaccine (Mosquirix™) Chikungunya vaccine in phase II trials Norovirus vaccine in clinical trials HIV
www.cdc.gov/vaccines
www.immunize.org
www.cdc.gov/flu
www.cdc.gov/travel