37331913 tammy bednar and ashish ray oracle backup data guard

7/27/2019 37331913 Tammy Bednar and Ashish Ray Oracle Backup Data Guard

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18th Annual International zSeries Oracle SIG Conference Present:

Oracle Database

Backup & Recovery,Flashback* Whatever,

&Data Guard

Tammy Bednar [email protected]

Manager, HA Solutions & Backup / RecoveryServer Technologies

Oracle Corporation

Ashish Ray [email protected]

Manager, HA Solutions & Data GuardServer Technologies

Oracle Corporation



Oracle Confidential

Agenda

y Recovery Manager Overview– Oracle Database 10g Features

y Flashback *– Granular Human Error Correction

yData Guard

– Overview

– Enterprise Manager Integration

– Best Practices for HAy Questions and Answers



Oracle Confidential

Recovery Manager:Oracle’s Backup & Recovery Utility

y Intimate knowledge of databasefile formats and recoveryprocedures

y Manages and automates the

backup, restore, and recoveryprocess

y Creates and maintains backuppolicies

y Catalogs all backup andrecovery activities

y Operates on-line and in parallelfor fast processing

y Corrupt block detection duringbackup and restore and theabil ity to validate backups

y Integrated with EnterpriseManager & 3rd party network

backup products

Media Management Layer

Enterprise Manager Enterprise Manager

& 3& 3rdrd Party ToolsParty Tools

Network

RecoveryRecovery

Manager Manager


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Recovery Manager

y Request backup at database,tablespace, or datafile level

y Incremental backups (up to 4 levels)

y Backup to tape through third party

media manager softwarey Comprehensive reporting

y Stored scripts that automate backupand recovery procedures

y Automatic parallelization of backup,restore, and recovery

y Backups can be restricted to limit readsper file, per second to avoid interfering

with OLTP worky No generation of extra redo during

online database backups

y Proxy Copy Backup Accelerator allows

fast copy technology at the storagesubsystem level

Server-Managed Backup

TapeRecovery

Catalog

Database

Database

Backup

information

DIGITAL DATASTORAGE

DIGITAL DATASTORAGE

DIGITAL DATASTORAGE

Full or Incremental Backups

DIGITAL DATASTORAGERestores & Recovery



Oracle Confidential

Flash Recovery Area SpaceManagement

Disk limit is

reached and a

new fi le needs

to be written

into the FlashRecovery Area

Backup Files

to be deleted

Archive Logs &

Database File

Backups

Warning Issued

to user

Space Pressure

occurs

RMAN updates

list of files that

may be deleted

12

Oracle

delete fi les that

are no longer

required on

disk.

Flash

Recovery

Area



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Change Tracking File

y Optimizes incrementalbackups

– Track which blocks havechanged since lastbackup

yIntegrated change tracking file

– Changed blocks aretracked as redo is

generated– RMAN backup

automatically useschanged block list

1011001010110

0001110100101

1010101110011

Change

Tracking File

Flash Recovery

Area



Oracle Confidential

Incrementally Updated Backups

y Eliminate the need to perform a whole database backup.

y Reduce the time required for media recovery since the image copy

is updated with the latest block changes.

Perform incremental backup

Database Area

Optimized

Incremental

Backup

SCN 1365

Merge the incrementalbackup into the imagecopy.

Recovery Area

The image copy is

now updated with

block changes

SCN 1365

It all starts with animage copy of thedatafile

Recovery Area

Image copy is

available for

database recovery



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Eliminate Shrinking Backup

Window Syndrome!y Fully automatic disk based

backup and recovery

– Set it and Forget ity Nightly incremental backup rolls

forward recovery area backup

– Changed blocks are tracked

in production DB

y Full scan is never needed

– Dramatically faster (20x)

– Blocks validated to preventcorruption of backup copy

y Use low cost ATA disk array forrecovery areaTwo Independent Disk Systems

Flash Recovery

Area

Nightly

Apply

Validated

Incremental

Weekly

Archive

To Tape

Database

Area



Oracle Confidential

Or acle Backup

y Oracle Backup is ideal for customers seeking a low cost

Oracle Backup – The Lowest Cost

Tape Backup Manager

alternative to complex backup products

y Best integrated end-to-end backup of Oracle Databases

– Media manger for RMAN backup and recovery of Oracle9i and 10g databases to tape

– FastestDatabase Backup on the market

y Backup Oracle Home, App Server and other file systems

y Oracle Backup includes:

– Centralized management of network backups

– Scalability to low 100’s of servers, 10’s of millions of files

– Easy management through Enterprise Manager

y Bundled with Oracle Database – replaces LSSV

– Single vendor support

RM AN

Databases

Linux, Unix

Windows,Filers

File Systems

Supports popular tapeSupports popular tape

libraries & driveslibraries & drives



Oracle Confidential

Human Error

y Estimated to be the biggest single cause of downtime

y Need to quickly determine what happened and fix it

– Localized damagey Needs surgical detection and repair

y Example – removed wrong person named ‘Smith’

– Widespread damage

y Requires drastic action to avoid long downtime

y Example – batch job deletes this month’s orders

y Analysis and correction using traditional recovery is slow and

complex– Restore database to point in time and extract data

y Oracle Database 10g is a breakthrough release for human errorcorrection

Human

Errors

OtherDowntime



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Time Navigationy Flashback Query

– Query all data at point in time

y Flashback Versions Query

– See all versions of a row betweentwo times

– See transactions that changed the

row

yFlashback Transaction Query

– See all changes made by atransaction

Tx 1

Tx 2

Tx 3

Select * from Emp AS OF ‘2:00 P.M.’ where …

Select * from Emp VERSIONS BETWEEN‘2:00 PM’ and ‘3:00 PM’ where …

Select * from FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY

where xid = ‘000200030000002D’;



Oracle Confidential

How Does Flashback Time

Navigation Work?y Leverages Oracle’s unique multi-version read

consistency architecture– The data image is saved in the undo tablespace (or RollbackSegments) before being modified

– Flashback Query uses the data saved in the undo tablespace torecreate an image of the data as it existed at a time in the past.

y Oracle’s Automatic Undo Management feature allowsadministrators to specify how long they wish to retain theundo data

– DBAs can control how far back a Flashback Query can go



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Queryz Flashback Query allows

viewing data as it was beforea mistake

y Query data at a time of your choosingy Standard SQL interface simplifies

deployment

y Self-service means faster, cheaper, andeasier

y Flashback Query is a fast operation toenable self service

Insert into Emp

select * from Emp AS OF yesterday

where Ename=‘Smith’;

Delete from Emp

where Ename=‘Smith’;

A Time Machine for Your Data

Mistake Correction



Oracle Confidential

Build Self Error Correcting Application

Oracle Collaboration Suite util izes Flashback Query’sbuilt in functionality!

Oh no! I’ve

deleted animportant

email.



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Versions Query

y Provides a way to audit the rows of a table and

retrieve information about the transactions thatchanged the rows.

y Retrieve all committed versions of the rows that exist

or ever existed between the time the query wasissued and a point in time in the past

y Use the transaction ID to perform transaction mining

using LogMiner or Flashback Transaction Query toobtain additional information about the transaction.



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Versions Query

View data changes over time

yFast and online access to data changes

y Utilizes the database undo and requires no additionaloverhead

y You control how far back in time data can be accessed



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Transaction Query

y Provides a way for you to view changes made to the

database at the transaction levely When used in conjunction with Flashback Versions

Query, it allows you to easily recover from user or

application errors.y Benefits

– Increase online diagnosability of problems in your database

–

Perform analysis and audits of transactions– Fast recovery at the transaction level



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Transaction Query

View Transaction Details

• View all objects affected by a single transaction

• Using the UNDO SQL, quickly recover from theerroneous transaction



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Error Correction

y Recovery at all levels

y Database Level

– Flashback Database restores

the whole database to timey Uses Flashback Logs

y Table Level

– Flashback Table restores

rows in a set of tables to timey Uses UNDO in database

– Flashback Drop restores adropped table or a index

yRecycle bin for DROPs

y Row Level

– Flashback Query restoresrows to time

Order

Database

Customer



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Database

y A new strategy for point in time recovery

y Eliminate the need to restore a whole

database backupy Integrated seamlessly with RMAN

– Think of it as a continuous backup

– Restores just changed blocks

– Replay log to restore DB to time

y It’s fast - recover in minutes, not hours

y It’s easy - single command restore

Flashback Database to ‘2:05 PM’

“ Rewind” button for the DatabaseData Files Flashback

Log

New BlockVersion

Disk Write

Old BlockVersion

Flashback Database versus Classic



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Database versus ClassicPoint-In-Time Recovery

Recovery is 100 times faster with Flashback

FlashbackRecovery

Restore

0100

200

300

400

500

600

700

10 100 1,000 10,000

T i m e ( m i n u t e s )

Database Size (GB)

2 3 4 651

114

250

627



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Drop

y Quickly recover dropped objectsProvides self-service recovery

y Eliminate the need for TSPITR

y Virtual Recycle Bin– Objects remain in the recycle bin until

you permanently drop them with thePURGE command or recover them

with the Flashback Table command.– Objects will remain in the recycle bin

until there is no room in thetablespace for new rows or updates to

existing rows or until the tablespaceneeds to be extended

– Objects are purged in the order theywere dropped.

Droptableemp;

Emp

Mistake was

made

Emp

Recycle bin

FlashbackTable empto before

drop;

Fl hb k T bl



Oracle Confidential

Flashback Table

y Recover a table or tables to a specific point in time without restoring a

backupy Provides a way for users to easily and quickly recover from accidental

modifications without DBA involvement

y In-place and online recovery of a table to a point in time in the past

y Eliminate traditional restores and clone instances to recover a table ortables to a specific point in time

y Data in the tables and all associated objects (indexes, constraints,triggers, etc.) are restored



Oracle Confidential

Revolution in Recovery

y Flashback Revolutionizes Recovery

– Operates on just the changed data– Time to correct error equals time to make error

y Minutes instead of hours

y Flashback is Easy– Single command instead of complex procedure

Correction Time = Error Time + f (DB_SIZE)



Oracle Confidential

What is Oracle Data Guard?

y Oracle’s disaster recovery solution for Oracle data

y Feature of Oracle Database Enterprise Edition (EE)

y Automates the creation and maintenance of one or

more transactionally consistent copies (standby) of theproduction (or primary) database

y If the primary database becomes unavailable (disasters,

maintenance), a standby database can be activated andassume the primary role



Oracle Confidential

Oracle Data Guard Focus

y Data Failures & Site Disasters:

• Also addresses human errors & planned maintenances

– Data Protection

– Data Availability

– Data Recovery

Data is the core asset of

the enterprise! All 3 are important!

Data Guard Configuration



Oracle Confidential

Data Guard Configuration

yManaged as a single configuration

y Primary and standby databases can be Real Application Clustersor single-instance Oracle

y Up to nine standby databases supported in a single configuration

PrimaryDatabase

StandbyDatabase

Standby Site A

Standby Site B

Primary Site

Standby

Database

Broker



D t G d R d A l



Oracle Confidential

Data Guard Redo Apply

y Physical Standby Database is a block-for-block copy of the primary database

yUses the database recovery functionality to apply changes

y Can be opened in read-only mode for reporting/queries

y Can also be used for backups, offloading production database

PrimaryDatabase

Physical StandbyDatabase

Redo Shipment

Network

Redo Apply

DIGITAL DATASTORAGE

Backup

Standby

Redo Logs

Data GuardBroker

Data Guard SQL Apply



Oracle Confidential

Data Guard SQL Apply

y Logical Standby Database is an open, independent, active database

Contains the same logical information (rows) as the production database

Physical organization and structure can be very different

Can host multiple schemas

y Can be queried for reports while logs are being applied via SQL

y Can create additional indexes and materialized views for better query performance

AdditionalIndexes &

Materialized Views

Redo Shipment

NetworkContinuously

Open for Reports

Transform Redoto SQL and Apply

Data GuardBroker

PrimaryDatabase

Logical StandbyDatabase

StandbyRedo Logs



Oracle Confidential

Standby Databases Are Not Idle

Standby database can be used to

offload the primary database, increasing the ROI

StandbyServer

Read-Only / Read-Write

Reporting

BackupsTape

Protection from Human Errors



Oracle Confidential

Protection from Human Errors

and Data Corruptions

y Application of changes received from the primary can be delayed at standbyto allow for the detection of user errors and prevent standby to be affected

y Administrators may choose not to configure any delay – if both primary andstandby are affected, then they can be simply flashed back [10g]

y The apply process also revalidates the log records to prevent application of any log corruptions

Primary Site Standby SiteOptional Delayed

Apply

Data Changes

Switchover and Failover



Oracle Confidential

Switchover and Failover

y Primary and Standby role transitions

y Switchover– Planned role reversal

– No database reinstantiation required

– Used for maintenance of OS or hardware

y Failover– Unplanned failure (e.g. disasters) of primary

– Primary database must be reinstantiated / flashed back [10g]

y Initiated using simple SQL / GUI interfacey Data Guard automates the processes involved



Oracle Confidential

Flexible Data Protection Modes

Protection Mode Risk of Data Loss Redo Shipment

Maximum Protection Zero Data LossDouble Failure Protection

Synchronous redoshipping to 2 sites

Maximum Availability Zero Data Loss

Single Failure Protection

Synchronous redoshipping

Maximum Performance Minimal data loss –usually 0 to few seconds

Asynchronous redoshipping

Balance cost, availability, performance, and transaction protection

Automatic Resynchronization



Oracle Confidential

Automatic Resynchronization

y Network connectivity problems may occur

y Data Guard automatically resynchronizes standbys after

network connectivity restored– Implicit

y ARCH process idling away on the primary ‘pings’ all standbys

on a regular basis to see if they are missing any redo datay If so it sends them the missing redo data

– Explicit

y Gap discovered during apply process in physical standby

y Based on FAL_SERVER and FAL_CLIENT settings, primarynotified, and it sends missing redo data

Enhanced DR with Flashback Database



Oracle Confidential

Enhanced DR with Flashback Database

y Flashback DB removes the need to delay application of logs

y Flashback DB removes the need to reinstantiate primary after failover

y Real-time apply enables real-time reporting for logical standbys

Real Time

Apply

No Delay!

Real TimeReporting

Flashback

Log

Flashback

Log

Primary: No reinstantiation

after failover!

RedoShipment

Primary Database Standby Database



Oracle Confidential

RAC Primary

Two standby dbs

E l E f U



Oracle Confidential

Example – Ease of Use

y Switchover using Enterprise Manager is now

literally two mouse clicks



Oracle Confidential



Oracle Confidential

Switched!

Data Guard Customers



Oracle Confidential

16%

15%

12%

11%9%

8%

7%

6%

6%

4%3%

3%

Financial

Hi-TechManufacturing

Government

Healthcare/Pharma/Bio-Tech

Insurance

OtherEducation

Energy

Telecom

Retail

Services

Data Guard Technical Case



Oracle Confidential

Studiesy ADT Security Services - Using Data Guard SQL Apply Across a Wide Area Network

y Amadeus - Using Data Guard for Disaster Recovery & Rolling Database Upgrades

y Fannie Mae - Supporting 835 transactions per second & Zero Data Loss Protection in

Oracle Database 10g

y First American Real Estate Solutions - Using Oracle9i Data Guard and Planningahead for Data Guard in Oracle Database 10g

y Ohio Savings Bank - Maximum Availability Architecture & Zero Data Loss with Oracle

Database 10gy Oracle Global IT - Oracle E-Business Suite with Data Guard over a WAN

y Swedish Post - SQL Apply

y VP Bank - SQL Apply

Ref. http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/availability/htdocs/HA_CaseStudies.html

for latest updates

Oracle’s Integrated HA Solution Set



Oracle Confidential

Oracle s Integrated HA Solution Set

Grid Clusters

Automatic Storage Management

Flashback

RMAN & Flash Recovery Area

H.A.R.D

Data Guard

Online Reconfiguration

Roll ing Upgrades

Online Redefinit ion

F e a t u r e

I n t e g r a t i o

n

B e

s t P r a c t i c e s

B l u e p r i n t

MAA Best Practice Publications



Oracle Confidential

y Best Practices on:9 RAC/ Data Guard configuration

9 Redo data transport mechanisms

9 Instance Recovery

9 Switchover/Failover

9 Media recovery

9 SQL Apply configuration

9 Network configuration

9 Integration of HA technologies

y White papers1:9 MAA – detailed

9 Media Recovery9 Site/Network configuration

9 Fast-Start Checkpointing

9 SQL Apply Best Practices

9Role Management

1. Ref. http://otn.oracle.com/deploy/availability/htdocs/maa.htm for latest updates



Oracle Confidential

For more information on Oracle database High Availability, DisasterProtection, Backup & Recovery, and Storage Management technology

http://otn.oracle.com/deploy/availability/

Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S

A N S W E R SA N S W E R S

Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S

A N S W E R SA N S W E R S



37331913 tammy bednar and ashish ray oracle backup data guard

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