38699586 intro to comm science1
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Communication
Science
Lecturing Schedule (Tentative)
Week Topic
1 Introduction to Communication Science
2 Development of Communication Field & Skills
3 Communication Process
4 Communication Models
5 Perception and Filters of Communication
6 Verbal Communication, Language, and Meanings
7 Nonverbal Communication and its Aspects
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Lecturing Schedule (Tentative)
Week Topic8 Mid term exam
9 Individuals and Relationships
10 Group, and Organizational Communication
11 The Media & Mediated Communication
12 Public and Mass Communication
13 Intercultural Communication
14 Class Presentation
15 Class Presentation & Review
16 FINAL EXAMINATION
Class Activities….
Lecturing Presentation
Discussion
Questions & Answers
Individual Assignment
Group Assignment
Class Presentation
Quiz
Understanding Theory in Communication
Standar Penilaian
• Mid test : 20% Final test 40%
• Coursework: tugas (paperwork,presentation), diskusi, kuis, keaktifan di kelas
• Absensi: 20%
• Rules & Regulations:
- no use of phone cell in class
- late entry pass needed after 15 minutes
Book References
• Brent D Ruben & Lea P Stewart, Communication and Human Behavior, (5th ed) Pearson Publication, 2006.
• Study Guide Introduction to Communication Science
• Prof Deddy Mulyana. Ilmu Komunikasi, Suatu Pengantar , Remaja Rosdakarya, 2008
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Rules in Classroom
No lateness will be allowed
No chit chat, cell phones, ipod, MP3, magazine, etc
No food, drink, snack, snap
Permitted to the toilet will be allowed but only one by one
What will you learn in this session?
What is Communication?
Understanding the context & elements of communication
Why Learning Communication Science?
Why should we study
COMMUNICATION?
Why Learning (Comm) Science? Communication is fundamental
Communication is complex Communication is vital Communication is popular
Communication is fundamental to our lives
for example: • A recent graduate interviews
for a job • Friends hundred of miles
apart exchange e-mail messages (or facebook, or
twitter, etc) • A doctor talks with a patient
• Developing interpersonal relationship romance
• Candidates present political speec & debate infront of live
audience
Communication is complex and multifaceted
• We face many complex situations in life• Communication challenges in many relationships (e.g: personal, family,
workplace, etc)
Communication is vital to occupational effectiveness
Communication competencies which are important in workplace: • Writing and listening
• Public speaking• Interpersonal and group
communication• Leadership• Networking
• Teamwork & collaboration• Meeting skills
• Information tech skills• Intercultural sensitivity
Communication emerged as a behavioral discipline, which focus on study of
information-related behavior. Communication also ties with other social &
humaniora sciences, such as sociology, politics, psychology, literature, cultural studies
and anthropology, philosopohy and art.
Communication is POPULARAnd vibrant field of study
•
So, what is
COMMUNICATION,
by the way?
What is Communication? Understanding Definition, Process & Context of
Communication
Communication can be….(and emerged in many forms, such as)
… Exchange glances and
gesturals between lovers
… People using sign language
… A talk show on television infront of million audiences
… a knowing smile,
or
… a thoughtful
walk on the
beach
Chit chat with friends
readinga good book
for more meanings of communication , we should look after this page…
Secara etimologis, communication (Inggris)
berasal dari kata Latin yaitu communis yang berarti ‘sama’ dan communico, communicatio,communicare yang berarti ‘membuat sama’ (to make common)
Secara sempit, komunikasi dapatdidefinisikan sebagai penyampaian pesan melalui media, cetak maupunelektronik
Secara luas, komunikasiadalah interaksi antara dua mahlukhidup atau lebih
there are still more and more about definitions of
communication…
Communication Point of View
• Communication can be defined in a way that emphasizes the perspective of a message source (e.g, public speaker, writer)
• Definitions can also emphasize the perspective of the receiver (e.g, listener, speaker)
Tahun 1976, Frank Dance dan Carl Larson
mengumpulkan 126 definisi
komunikasi
Menurut Dance, ada 3 dimensi konseptual
penting yang mendasari definisi-definisi
komunikasi tersebut
1. Dimensi Tingkat Observasi (level of observation)
Adalah derajat keabstrakan suatu definisi. Misalnya, definisi yang terlalu luas atau sebaliknya,terlalu sempit. Ada tingkatankomunikasi mulai dariinterpersonal, group, organisasi, publik dan massa
2. Dimensi Kesengajaan(Intentionality)
“lights, camera, action!”
Ada definisi yang mensyaratkan
kesengajaan baik
bagi pengirimmaupun
penerima pesan
3. Dimensi Penilaian Normatif
misalnya, John B Hobbenmengasumsikan bahwa
komunikasi harus berhasil(berupa persetujuan, penerimaan
& pemahaman dari sebuah interaksi
Sebagian definisi, meskipun secara implisit menyertakan keberhasilan atau kecermatan
Empat kata kunci dalammendefinisikan komunikasi: process, social process, symbolic danmeaning.
Defining Communication
Communication is a process
Communication is a social process
Communication is symbolic
Communication is meaning.
Ongoing Continuously Motion
Communication is a process, means that it’s an activity that has many separate but interrelated steps that occur over time
Ongoing
Continuous
Unending
Always in motion
Communication is social process,
means
that it involves people and interaction
Communication is symbolic
- Symbols are used to represent things, ideas, processes,
or events in ways that make communication possible
- Types of symbols are verbal (words, number) and non-
verbal (expression, gesture), object
Communication is meanings√ We create meanings in the process of communication √ We talk with others to clarify our own thoughts, decide how to interpret non verbal behaviors, and put labels on feelings and hopes to give them reality√ In communication, messages can have more than one feelings
Understanding Communication As A Process(Kenneth K Sereno & Edward M Bodaken)
Ada tiga kerangka pemahaman
(karakteristik) komunikasi,
yaitu:
1. Komunikasi merupakan
tindakan satu arah (one-way)
2. Komunikasi sebagai interaksi
3. Komunikasi sebagai transaksi
Definition from Carl I. Hovland
Komunikasi sebagai Tindakan Satu Arahartinya komunikasi dianggap sebagai proses
linear yang dimulai dengan sumber atau
pengirim yang berakhir pada penerima,
sasaran atau tujuan.
Komunikasi adalah proses yang memungkinkan seseorang (komunikator) menyampaikan rangsangan (biasanya lambang-lambangverbal) untuk mengubah perilaku orang lain (komunikate)
Benarkah komunikasi merupakan tindakan satu arah?
Media Public
One Step Flow Communication Model
Model one step flow menjelaskan bahwa tidak semua media punya kekuatan yang sama. Pesan yang diterima tergantung pada sistem seleksi yang ada pada masing-masing audience. (Nurudin, 2004)
Komunikasi Sebagai Interaksi
Interaksi berarti ada
unsur saling mempengaruhi (mutual influence)
proses sebab-akibat atau
aksi-reaksi yang arahnya bergantian
Komunikasi sebagai interaksi dipandang sedikit lebih dinamis dari komunikasi satu arah karena adanya umpan balik (feed back)
Komunikasi sebagai transaksi
adalah suatu proses dinamis
yang secara
berkesinambungan
mengubah pihak-pihak yang berkomunikasi.
Penafsiran kita atas perilaku
verbal dan nonverbal orang
lain yang kita kemukakan juga
cenderung akan mengubah
penafsiran orang tersebut
atas pesan-pesan kita dan
begitu seterusnya.
Konteks-konteks Komunikasi
Komunikasi tidak berlangsung dalam ruang hampa-sosial,
melainkan dalam konteks atau situasi tertentu. 1. Aspek Fisik : iklim, cuaca, suhu udara, bentuk ruangan, warna
dinding, penataan tempat duduk, jumlah peserta komunikasi, dan alat yang tersedia untuk menyampaikan
pesan.
2. Aspek Psikologis: sikap, kecenderungan, prasangka, dan
emosi para peserta komunikasi.
3. Aspek Sosial: Norma kelompok, nilai sosial, dan karakteristik budaya
4. Aspek Waktu: Kapan berkomunikasi
(hari, jam, pagi, siang, sore, malam)
Definition from Harold Lasswell
Who Says, What In Which Channel To
Whom With What Effect? Harold D.
Lasswell (1948)
(Cara yang baik untuk menggambarkan komunikasi
adalah dengan menjawab pertanyaan diatas)
Siapa Mengatakan Apa Dengan Saluran Apa Kepada Siapa Dengan Pengaruh Bagaimana
Dalam definisi Lasswell diatas terdapat 5 (lima) unsur komunikasi) yang saling
bergantung satu sama lain.
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Elements of Communication that help define the process
1.Senderswho formulate,
encode, and
transmit a
message
2.Receiverswho receive,
decode, and
interpret a
message
3.MessageThe content of communicative act
• non verbal• verbal• ideas• our facial expression• information• concepts• etc
4. ChannelsA medium through which message is sent
- verbal and non verbal- TV, Radio, Magazine, Newspaper,
Internet
- Seminar, Meetings
- Face to face, Interviews
5. NoiseEverything that interferes with or distorts the ability to send and receive message
• Internal Noise(psychological, physical, intellectual)
• External Noise(loud siren, hot/cold room temperature, disturbing
smell, prejudices, perception)
6. ContextThe setting or part of situation that surrounds a particular things.
- Home
- Stadium
- Church
- Mosque
- Funeral
- Club
- etc
7. FeedbackInformation returned from
receiver to a message source
(sender)
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Internal feedback
External feedback
8. EffectThe communication outcome
Emotional (joy, anger, sadness, fun)
Physical
(to fight, argue, and evade issue)
Cognitive
(new insights, increase knowledge)
Question, anyone?