#3biran mertan_knowledgedv-pdram (1)

7/22/2019 #3Biran Mertan_KnowledgeDV-PDRAM (1)

1/15

]dks irtkahg wis m`wbhìmgm jy3 \AVQ :?9:U@b3 94 ?at`jgr :?9:_ujhksdgr3 Gistgrb Egmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty _rgss

Nieifusti%]ZBA

Limb/Vèib :???%Cùrbih n`rVègbs Qtumkgs_ujhkaitk`b mgtikhs( kbahumkbf kbstruatk`bs n`r iutd`rs3dttp3//lwc:???cùrbih"geu"gmu"tr

Irtkahg3

I Qtumy `n Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgst`wirms Mègstka ^k`hgbag ifikbst

Vègb kb B`rtd Ayprus$Ikhg k kmmgtg [bghkl Jkhfk vg ]utuehir3 Luzgy Ljrs

rbgk+Iutd`rs3 Jkrib Egrtib( Wur Eibgr(Nit` Jiyriltir( gbgh Dsb( Fzmg

_gdhkvib . Mrkyg ghkl]` aktg tdks Irtkahg3 I Qtumy `n Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgs t`wirms Mègstka ^k`hgbag ifikbst Vègbkb B`rtd Ayprus" Limb/V eib :???( 91$:+3=6%>?" WZH3dttp3//lwc:???cùrbih"geu"gmu"tr

Nuhh tgres ibm a`bmktk`bs `n usg3 ]dks irtkahg eiyjg usgm n`r rgsgirad( tgiadkbf ibm prkvitg stumypurp`sgs" Iby sujstibtkih `r systgeitka rgpr`muatk`b( rg%mkstrkjutk`b( rg%sghhkbf( hìb `r suj%hkagbskbf( systgeitka supphy `r mkstrkjutk`b kb iby n`re t` iby`bg ks gxprgsshy n`rjkmmgb" ]dgpujhksdgr m`gs b`t fkvg iby wirribty gxprgss `r kephkgm `r eilg iby rgprgsgbtitk`b tdit tdga`btgbts wkhh jg aèphgtg `r iaauritg `r up t` mitg" ]dg iaauriay `n iby kbstruatk`bs( n`reuhig ibmmruf m`sgs sdùhm jg kbmgpgbmgbthy vgrknkgm wktd prkeiry sùrags" ]dg pujhksdgr sdihh b`t jg hkijhgn`r iby h`ss( iatk`bs( ahikes( pràggmkbfs( mgeibm `r a`sts `r mieifgs wdits`gvgr `r d`ws`gvgraiusgm irkskbf mkrgathy `r kbmkrgathy kb a`bbgatk`b wktd `r irkskbf ùt `n tdg usg `n tdks eitgrkih"91?:%;;9>:?9: geuprgss


2/15

Limb/Vèib :??? 91$:+ =6%>?

91?:%;;9>:?9: geuprgss

Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgs t`wirm Mègstka ^k`hgbagifikbst Vègb3 ]dg Aisg `n B`rtd Ayprus

Limbi [bghkl Ikhg k kmmgtg [bghkl Jkhfk vg]utuehir3 Luzgy Ljrs rbgk

Jkrib Egrtib# Wur Eibgr##

Nit` Jiyriltir### gbgh Dsb####Fzmg _gdhkvib##### Mrkyg ghkl######_syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghhkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg

Gistgrb Egmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty

Ijstriat

^katkes `n mègstka vk`hgbag usuihhy nkrst ipphy t` p`hkag stitk`bs `rd`spktihs" ]dgrgn`rg hiw gbn`ragegbt ibm dgihtd airg pr`ngssk`bihs aibphiy i vktih r`hg kb aisgs `n suad vk`hgbag" @bg `n tdg ikes `n tdks stumywis t` issgss d`w lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag

ifikbst wègb wùhm mknngr jgtwggb pr`ngssk`bihs ibm stumgbts nrèmknngrgbt mksakphkbgs" ]dg sga`bm ike wis t` issgss wdgtdgr lb`whgmfg ibmittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb wùhm viry is i rgsuht`n prgvkùs trikbkbf ibm a`btiat wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg" ]dg nkbihike wis t` kbvgstkfitg wdgtdgr lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstkavk`hgbag ifikbst wègb wùhm adibfg jisgm `b virykbf mge`fripdkaadiriatgrkstkas `n tdg pirtkakpibts" I t`tih `n 1?7 pirtkakpibts $96? hiw(burskbf ibm psyad`h`fy stumgbts ibm 917 p`hkag `nnkagrs+ wgrg kbahumgm kbtdg siephg `n tdg stumy" I Mègstka ^k`hgbag Ittktumgs Qaihg $MÎQ+ wismgvgh`pgm jy tdg iutd`rs t` egisurg lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm

# Issà" _r`n" Jkrib Egrtib( _syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg( GistgrbEgmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti%B`rtd Ayprus" G%eikh3 jkrib"egrtibOgeu"gmu"tr##Wur Eibgr( EI"( _syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg( GistgrbEgmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti%B`rtd Ayprus" G%eikh3 ufur"eibgrOgeu"gmu"tr###Nit` Jiyriltir( EQa"( _syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg( GistgrbEgmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti%B`rtd Ayprus" G%eikh3 nit`s"jiyriltirOgeu"gmu"tr####gbgh Dsb( _dM"( _syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg( GistgrbEgmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti%B`rtd Ayprus" G%eikh3 sdgbghPdusbuOyid``"aè#####Fzmg _gdhkvib( EI""( _syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg( Gistgrb

Egmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti%B`rtd Ayprus" G%eikh3 f`zmg"pgdhvibOgeu"gmu"tr######Mrkyg ghkl( EI"( _syad`h`fkaih Aùbsghkbf Fukmibag ibm Zgsgirad Agbtrg( GistgrbEgmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti%B`rtd Ayprus" G%eikh3 murkaghklPOd`teikh"aè


3/15

=4 Egrtib gt ih"mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb ibm i mge`fripdka kbn`reitk`b n`rewis imekbkstgrgm t` `jtikb pgrs`bih kbn`reitk`b rgfirmkbf tdgpirtkakpibts" Zgsuhts kbmkaitg tdit lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka

vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb irg rghitgm t` tdg irgi `n stumy `r àaupitk`b ibmprgvkùs trikbkbf ibm/`r prgvkùs a`btiat wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg(jut b`t wktd ifg( fgbmgr( bitk`bihkty `r eirktih stitus"

Lgyw`rms3 lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbstwègb( p`hkag `nnkagrs( hiw stumgbts( burskbf stumgbts( psyad`h`fystumgbts"

Kbtr`muatk`b

]dgrg ks aurrgbthy b` ubkvgrsihhy iaagptgm mgnkbktk`b `n vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb"]dg Wbktgm Bitk`bs Mgahiritk`b `b tdg Ghkekbitk`b `n ^k`hgbag ifikbst Vègb$9;;1+ mgnkbgs vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb is iby iat `n fgbmgr%jisgm vk`hgbagtdit rgsuhts kb( `r ks hklghy t` rgsuht kb( pdyskaih( sgxuih `r egbtih dire `r sunngrkbft` wègb( kbahumkbf tdrgits `n suad iats( a`grak`b `r irjktriry mgprkvitk`b `nhkjgrty( wdgtdgr àaurrkbf kb pujhka `r kb prkvitg hkng" ]dg Mgahiritk`b mgnkbgs

vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb is gbaèpisskbf( jut b`t hkektgm t`( tdrgg irgis3vk`hgbag àaurrkbf kb tdg niekhy( wktdkb tdg fgbgrih aèeubkty( ibm vk`hgbagpgrpgtritgm jy tdg f`vgrbegbt"

^k`hgbag ifikbst wègb( is mgnkbgm n`r tdks stumy( kbahumgs mègstka vk`hgbagifikbst wègb pgrpgtritgm jy kbtkeitg pirtbgrs ibm `tdgr niekhy egejgrs ibmeibkngstgm tdrùfd3

_dyskaih ijusgirg iatk`bs suad is< shippkbf( jgitkbf( ire twkstkbf( stijjkbf(stribfhkbf( jurbkbf( ad`lkbf( lkalkbf( tdrgits wktd ib `jcgat `r wgip`b( ibmeurmgr" Qgxuih ijusg( suad is a`gragm sgx tdrùfd tdrgits( kbtkekmitk`b `rpdyskaih n`rag( n`rakbf ubwibtgm sgxuih iats `r n`rakbf sgx wktd `tdgrs"_syad`h`fkaih ijusgwdkad kbahumgs jgdivkùr tdit ks kbtgbmgm t` kbtkekmitg ibmpgrsgautg( ibm tilgs tdg n`re `n tdrgits `n ijibm`begbt `r ijusg( a`bnkbgegbtt` tdg dèg( survgkhhibag( tdrgits t` tilg iwiy aust`my `n adkhmrgb( mgstruatk`b `n`jcgats( ks`hitk`b( vgrjih iffrgssk`b ibm a`bstibt duekhkitk`b"

Qtitkstkas kbmkaitg tdit wègb irg tdg e`st hklghy vkatkes `n vk`hgbag kbippr`xkeitghy ;7 pgragbt `n aisgs `n mègstka vk`hgbag $Iegrkaib Jir

Issàkitk`b( Aèekssk`b `n Mègstka ^k`hgbag( :??4+" V`rhm Dgihtd

@rfibkzitk`b $VD@+ $:??7+ ihs` rgp`rts tdit 9?%>;' `n wègb stitg divkbfjggb pdyskaihhy issiuhtgm jy ib kbtkeitg pirtbgr it sèg p`kbt kb tdgkr hkvgs" Kb


4/15

Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgs t`wirms Mègstka ^k`hgbag ifikbst Vèib =;

tdgkr rgvkgw `n tdg prgvihgbag `n mègstka vk`hgbag gxpgrkgbagm jy wègbjgtwggb tdg ygirs 9;;7 ibm :??>( Ihdijkj( Bur ibm C`bgs $:?9?+ rgp`rtgmtdit mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb dis rgiadgm gpkmgeka pr`p`rtk`bs kb

eiby sàkgtkgs kb tdg w`rhm ibm b` riakih( gtdbka `r sàk`%ga`bèka frùp kskeeubg"

Mègstka ^k`hgbag kb Ayprus

A`bskstgbt wktd nkbmkbfs irùbm tdg w`rhm( stumkgs kb B`rtd Ayprus divgrgvgihgm tdit mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb àaurs kb B`rtd Ayprus is wghh"

Kb `bg stumy( kt wis sd`wb tdit 61"4' `n ]urlksd Ayprk`t wègb dimgxpgrkgbagm psyad`h`fkaih ijusg jy niekhy egejgrs ibm 7="7' jy tdgkrdusjibms" ]dks pgragbtifg mgargisgm shkfdthy n`r pdyskaih ijusg wktd >='rgp`rtkbf vk`hgbag nrè niekhy egejgrs ibm 1>"6' rgp`rtkbf vk`hgbag nrè tdgkrdusjibms $ila( Mbegz( . ila( :??6+"

]dgrg divg ihs` jggb stumkgs( w`rlsd`ps `r eggtkbfs a`bagrbkbf tdg aurrgbtsktuitk`b `n vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb ibm mègstka vk`hgbag wktdkb B`rtd Aypruskb wdkad tdg nkbmkbfs divg jggb sdirgm kb tdg egmki jut irg ygt t` jg pujhksdgm$g"f"( Zgp`rt `b Mègstka ^k`hgbag jy Il`vi Vègbs Issàkitk`b( :?99'+" E`st `n tdg stumgbts wgrg skbfhg $>6";'+ n`hh`wgm jy td`sg kb irghitk`bsdkp $:?"4'+"

Ihh p`hkag `nnkagrs wgrg eihg $b5917+ ibm wktd ib ifg ribfg `n :1%7?$E511"44( QM57"44+" E`st wgrg ]urlksd Ayprk`t $>7"; '+ n`hh`wgm jy td`sg

wd` divg muih bitk`bihkty ]urlksd ibm ]urlksd Ayprk`t $1="9 '+ bitk`bihkty ibmtd`sg wd` divg `bhy ]urlksd bitk`bihkty $9"7 '+" E`st p`hkag `nnkagrs wgrg ihsèirrkgm $41"6'+"

Eitgrkihs

9%Mge`fripdka Kbn`reitk`b N`re3 Mge`fripdka virkijhgs kbahumgm rgsp`bmgbtsifg( fgbmgr( bitk`bihkty( pr`ngssk`b( eirktih stitus( nkghm `n stumy( gxpgrkgbag `nprgvkùs trikbkbf wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg ibm gxpgrkgbag `n prgvkùsa`btiat wktd i vkatke `n i mègstka vk`hgbag"

:%Mègstka ^k`hgbag Ittktumgs Qaihg $MÎQ+3 Jisgm `b prgvkùs rgsgirad ibmkbn`reitk`b `b virykbf ispgats `n mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb kb tdghktgriturg( i => ktge Hklgrt typg saihg wis mgvgh`pgm jy tdg iutd`rs kb `rmgr tìssgss lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirms mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb"

Hklgrt rgsp`bsg `ptk`bs ribfgm nrè 95 str`bfhy mksifrggt` 75 str`bfhy ifrgg"Qiephg qugstk`bs kbahumg tdg n`hh`wkbf3 Mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb ks


8/15

Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgs t`wirms Mègstka ^k`hgbag ifikbst Vèib 71

ib kep`rtibt dgihtd kssug( Mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb ks i arkeg( ibmMègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb ks i prkvitg kssug tdit sdùhm jg rgs`hvgm

wktdkb ah`sgm m``rs $rgvgrsg ktge+" Zgsp`bsgs wgrg rga`mgm ibm immgm tàrgitg i t`tih sa`rg" ]dg t`tih sa`rg ribfg wis => t` :1?" I dkfdgr sa`rgkbmkaitgm divkbf e`rg lb`whgmfg ijùt mègstka vk`hgbag ibm gbm`rskbfe`rg bgfitkvg $`r b`b%supp`rtkvg+ ittktumgs t`wirms mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst

wègb" Kb a`btrist( i h`wgr t`tih sa`rg kbmkaitgm divkbf hgss lb`whgmfg ibmgbm`rskbf e`rg p`sktkvg $`r supp`rtkvg+ ittktumgs t`wirms mègstka vk`hgbagifikbst wègb" ]dg saihg wis ihs` nùbm t` divg f``m rghkijkhkty $5?"6;+"

_ràgmurg

Gtdkaih ippr`vih n`r tdg rgsgirad wis nkrst `jtikbgm jy tdg Gtdkaih ZgvkgwAèekttgg `n tdg Mgpirtegbt `n _syad`h`fy it Gistgrb Egmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty"Qujsgqugbt t` tdks( pgrekssk`bs wgrg `jtikbgm nrè tdg jìrms `n tdg Wbkvgrsktkgskb `rmgr t` imekbkstgr tdg saihgs t` tdg stumgbts stumykbf kb Burskbf( Hiw ibm_syad`h`fy Mgpirtegbts" ]dg stumgbts kb giad mgpirtegbt wgrg ribmèhysghgatgm ibm miti wis a`hhgatgm tdrùfdùt tdg ygir :?9?" ]dg p`hkag `nnkagrs

wgrg ihs` ribmèhy sghgatgm nrè tdg B`rtd Ayprus _`hkag N`rag" Ihh pirtkakpibts

wgrg nkrst pr`vkmgm kbn`reitk`b rgfirmkbf tdg stumy ibm intgr `jtikbkbf tdgkra`bsgbt( tdg saihgs wgrg imekbkstgrgm" ]dg imekbkstritk`b `n tdg saihgs t``l 1?ekbutgs `b ivgrifg" ]dg kbstruegbts wgrg imekbkstgrgm gktdgr kb frùp sgttkbfskb i ubkvgrskty/c`j gbvkr`begbt `r kb i niag%t`%niag sktuitk`b"

Zgsuhts

Z`hg `n pr`ngssk`b

@bg `n tdg ikes `n tdks stumy wis t` pr`vkmg kbn`reitk`b ijùt d`w lb`whgmfgibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb wùhm mknngr jisgm `bgeph`yegbt `r gbr`hegbt kb hiw gbn`ragegbt `r i dgihtd airg nkghm kb B`rtdAyprus" ]dgrgn`rg i `bg%wiy IB@Î wis a`bmuatgm kb `rmgr t` mgtgrekbg

wdgtdgr tdgrg wis i skfbknkaibt mknngrgbag jgtwggb tdg virykbf siephgs `blb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb" Zgsuhts

ykghmgm i skfbknkaibt mknngrgbag jgtwggb tdg siephgs( N $1( :6=+ 5 :="96( p8

"??9" _`hkag `nnkagrs dim `b ivgrifg tdg h`wgst sa`rg `b tdg MÎQ n`r tdg gbtkrgsiephg" Ie`bf tdg stumgbts nrè mknngrgbt mksakphkbgs d`wgvgr( _syad`h`fy


9/15

7= Egrtib gt ih"stumgbts dim( `b ivgrifg tdg dkfdgst sa`rg $E 596>":4+ wdgrgis Burskbfstumgbts dim `b ivgrifg( tdg h`wgst sa`rg $E 5961"7;+ $sgg Nkfurg 9+"

Nkfurg 9" Frùp Egibs `n tdg Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgs Qaihg n`r _`hkag @nnkagrsibm Qtumgbt Qiephgs"

Gxpgrkgbag `n prgvkùs trikbkbf

Kb `rmgr t` tgst wdgtdgr gxpgrkgbag `n prgvkùs trikbkbf kb mègstka vk`hgbagwùhm jg i niat`r prgmkatkbf pirtkakpibts lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs `b tdgsujcgat( ib kbmgpgbmgbt siephgs t%tgst wis a`bmuatgm" Vktdkb tdg siephg( p`hkag`nnkagrs wgrg e`rg hklghy t` rgp`rt tdit tdgy dim b`t rgagkvgm iby trikbkbf$14"6'+ kb aèpirks`b t` stumgbt frùps" Vktdkb tdg stumgbt siephg( Burskbfstumgbts wgrg e`rg hklghy t` rgp`rt tdit tdgy dim b`t rgagkvgm iby trikbkbf$:7">'+ tdib Hiw $:?">'+ ibm _syad`h`fy $97"9'+ stumgbts" ]dg egib sa`rg `npirtkakpibts wd` dim b` prgvkùs trikbkbf $E59=>"1( QM5 :?"7+ kb mègstka

vk`hgbag wis skfbknkaibthy h`wgr `b tdg MÎQ tdib td`sg wd` rgp`rtgm divkbfprgvkùs trikbkbf $E596?"7( QM5 9:";+( t$:64+ 5 9"6:( p8 "?7"

_`hkag @nnkagrsb59?4

Hiw Qtumgbtsb576

_syad`h`fy Qtumgbts

b5=1Burskbf Qtumgbtsb56?

Frùps

967(??

96?(??

9>7(??

9>?(??9>9(61

967(6?96>(:4

961(7;

Egib Qa`rg


10/15


_rk`r a`btiat wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag vkatke

Kb `rmgr t` tgst wdgtdgr prk`r a`btiat wktd i M^ vkatke dim ib gnngat `b tdglb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs `n tdg pirtkakpibts ib kbmgpgbmgbt siephgs t%tgst wisa`bmuatgm" _`hkag `nnkagrs wgrg e`rg hklghy t` stitg tdit tdgy dim e`rg a`btiat

wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg $=1"6'+ kb aèpirks`b t` stumgbts" Vktdkb tdgstumgbt siephg( Hiw stumgbts gxprgssgm divkbf e`rg a`btiat wktd mègstka

vk`hgbag aisg $:="1'+ kb aèpirks`b t` psyad`h`fy $99"6'+ ibm burskbf$:?"='+ stumgbts" ]dg egib sa`rg `n pirtkakpibts wd` dim e`rg a`btiat$E5969"1( QM5 9="6+ wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg wis nùbm t` jgskfbknkaibthy dkfdgr `b tdg MÎQ tdib td`sg wd` rgp`rtgm divkbf hgss a`btiat

$E59>6">( QM5 91":+( t$:64+ 5 :"9=( p 8 "?7"

Z`hg `n mge`fripdka virkijhgs

]` ibihyzg wdgtdgr ifg( fgbmgr( bitk`bihkty ibm eirktih stitus wùhm ihsà`btrkjutg t` iby mknngrgbag `b tdg MÎQ sa`rgs `n tdg pirtkakpibts kb virykbfpr`ngssk`bs `r irgi `n stumy( i tw`%wiy IB@Î wis a`bmuatgm n`r giadmge`fripdka virkijhg" ]dg ibihysks mkm b`t rgvgih iby skfbknkaibt eikb `rkbtgriatk`b gnngats n`r iby `n tdg mge`fripdka virkijhgs"

Mksaussk`b

Kb iaa`rmibag wktd nkbmkbfs kb tdg hktgriturg $g"f"( Dèg( 9;;=< H`fib gt ih"(:??>+( p`hkag `nnkagrs kb B`rtd Ayprus rgp`rtgm tdg hgist ieùbt `n lb`whgmfgibm e`st p`sktkvg ittktumgs $`r e`st supp`rtkvg+ t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst

wègb kb a`btrist t` tdg stumgbt frùps" Kb `tdgr w`rms( p`hkag `nnkagrs wgrg

e`rg hklghy t` jhieg wègb ibm rgfirm mègstka vk`hgbag is ib kbtgrbih innikr(b`t w`rtdy `n p`hkag ittgbtk`b `r kbtgrvgbtk`b aèpirgm t` hiw ibm dgihtd airgstumgbts" Kb iaa`rmibag wktd tdg nkbmkbfs `n EaEuhhib( Airhib ibm B`rgm$:?9?+( Hiw stumgbts kb B`rtd Ayprus dim hgss lb`whgmfg ibm e`rg p`sktkvgittktumgs $`r e`rg supp`rtkvg+ aèpirgm t` _syad`h`fy stumgbts" [gt( kba`bskstgbt

wktd tdg nkbmkbfs `n Jhkmgeib $:?9?+ ibm A`hgeib ibm Qibmri $9;;6+( Burskbfstumgbts kb B`rtd Ayprus rgp`rtgm tdg hgist lb`whgmfg ibm e`st p`sktkvgittktumgs $`r e`st supp`rtkvg+ t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb"E`rg`vgr( a`bskstgbt wktd prgvkùs nkbmkbfs $Jryibt . Qpgbagr( :??1 Egrtib gt ih"supp`rtkvg+ t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb" ]dgsg nkbmkbfs kbmkaitgtdit tdgrg ks i bggm t` gbrkad tdg aurrkauhues `n Burskbf mgpirtegbts ibm HiwNiauhtkgs wktd mègstka vk`hgbag tdg`rkgs ibm priatkags is wghh is fgbmgr stumkgs

ibm dueib rkfdts"]dg r`hg `n prgvkùs trikbkbf kb mègstka vk`hgbag ibm gxpgrkgbag `n prk`r

a`btiat wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg wis ihs` issgssgm kb tdg stumy" Kb a`btristwktd tdg nkbmkbfs `n EaEuhhib( Airhib ibm B`rgm $:?9?+( prgvkùs trikbkbf wisi skfbknkaibt prgmkat`r `n lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag"_irtkakpibts wd` dim prgvkùs trikbkbf rgp`rtgm e`rg lb`whgmfg ibm e`rgbgfitkvg $`r e`rg b`b%supp`rtkvg+ ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag" Qkekhirhy(prk`r a`btiat wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisg wis rghitgm t` divkbf e`rg

lb`whgmfg ibm e`rg bgfitkvg $`r e`rg b`b%supp`rtkvg+ ittktumgs t`wirmsmègstka vk`hgbag" _`hkag `nnkagrs dim e`rg a`btiat wktd i mègstka vk`hgbag aisgtdib `tdgr frùps( d`wgvgr pirim`xkaihhy( p`hkag `nnkagrs rgp`rtgm rgagkvkbf hgsstrikbkbf kb mègstka vk`hgbag( dim hgss lb`whgmfg ibm hgss bgfitkvg $`r e`rgsupp`rtkvg+ ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb" @bag ifikb( tdksgepdiskzgs tdg vihug `n trikbkbf p`hkag `nnkakihs kb mègstka vk`hgbag is wghh isrikskbf iwirgbgss t` fgbmgr kssugs ibm dueib rkfdts"

]dg tdkrm issueptk`b `n tdg stumy wis tdit mge`fripdka adiriatgrkstkas `npr`ngssk`bihs `r stumgbts kb mknngrgbt àaupitk`bs/ stumy irgis wùhm jg rghitgm

t` tdgkr lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb" ]dksissueptk`b wis b`t supp`rtgm jy tdg nkbmkbfs `n tdg stumy" Ihtdùfd tdks ks kbhkbg wktd nkbmkbfs nrè tdg hktgriturg wdkad divg b`t nùbm a`bskstgbt mknngrgbagskb mge`fripdka virkijhgs $sgg EaEuhhib( Airhib . B`rgm( :?9?+ kb tdg aurrgbtstumy( tdks ekfdt divg rgsuhtgm mug t` i hkektgm siephg skzg"

@vgrihh( tdg aurrgbt stumy sdgms nurtdgr hkfdt `b tdg e`rg fgbgrih kssug `nmègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb kb tgres `n ittktumgs ibm lb`whgmfg kb virkùsnkghms" _rgvkùs stumkgs wgrg e`rg dgivkhy nàusgm `b tdg r`hg `nàaupitk`b/stumy s`hghy ie`bfst hiw gbn`ragegbt stumgbts ibm stumgbts nrè`tdgr mksakphkbgs $g"f" EaEuhhib( Airhib . B`rgm( :??;+" D`wgvgr( tdg aurrgbtstumy pr`vkmgm miti n`r tdg aèpirks`b `n hiw gbn`ragegbt ibm dgihtd airgpr`ngssk`bihs ibm stumgbts lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirm mègstka vk`hgbagifikbst wègb"

Is n`r tdg sktuitk`b kb B`rtd Ayprus( tdks stumy sd`ws tdit tdgrg ks ib urfgbtbggm t` kephgegbt sàkih p`hkakgs( hgfih hgfkshitk`b( rgfuhitk`bs ibm sàkih w`rlrgfirmkbf mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb kb B`rtd Ayprus kb `rmgr t`kbargisg tdg lb`whgmfg( iwirgbgss ibm sgbsktkvkty `n j`td aurrgbt ibm nuturg

pr`ngssk`bihs kb irgis rghitgm t` mègstka vk`hgbag" Immktk`bihhy( kt gepdiskzgstdg kep`rtibag `n kbargiskbf tdg buejgr `n trikbkbf pr`fries `pgb t` j`td


12/15


stumgbts ibm pr`ngssk`bihs kb tdg d`pg `n gbdibakbf iwirgbgss ibm sgbsktkvkty t`td`sg pr`jhges niagm jy vkatkes `r survkv`rs `n mègstka vk`hgbag" Aurrgbtaurrkauhues sdùhm pr`vkmg e`rg sunnkakgbt lb`whgmfg ibm slkhhs gspgakihhy t`

prgpirg nuturg bursgs ibm p`hkag `nnkakihs kb ihh ispgats `n mègstka vk`hgbagifikbst wègb"

]dks stumy ks b`t wktdùt hkektitk`bs" Ihtdùfd tdg stumgbt siephgs wgrgsghgatgm jgaiusg tdgy wgrg e`st rghgvibt t` tdg kssug `n mègstka vk`hgbag( tdgsiephg wis hkektgm t` td`sg stumgbts kb tdrgg eikb irgis `n stumy3 psyad`h`fy(hiw ibm burskbf" Kt ks tdgrgn`rg mknnkauht t` fgbgrihkzg tdg nkbmkbfs t` stumgbts kb`tdgr nkghms `n stumy" ]dg stumy `bhy kbahumgm ifg( fgbmgr( bitk`bihkty ibmeirktih stitus is mge`fripdka virkijhgs( nuturg stumkgs sdùhm kbahumg i wkmgr

ribfg `n mge`fripdka virkijhgs $suad is sàk`%ga`bèka stitus( muritk`b `neirktih stitus+ t` issgss tdgkr kepiat `b lb`whgmfg ibm ittktumgs t`wirmsmègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb" Nuturg rgsgirad sdùhm ihs` issgss tdggbm`rsgegbt `n eytds ibm nihsg jghkgns rgfirmkbf mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst

wègb kb B`rtd Ayprus" ]dks wkhh gbijhg rgsgiradgrs t` mgvgh`p kbtgrvgbtk`bstdit aib tialhg prgcumkags ibm bgfitkvg ittktumgs t`wirm wègb vkatkes `nmègstka vk`hgbag kb `rmgr t` argitg i e`rg `pgb ibm iaagptkbf gbvkr`begbt n`r

wègb t` mksah`sg tdgkr sktuitk`b wktdùt ngir `r ibxkgty"

Zgngrgbags

Ihdijkj Q"( Bur W" . C`bgs Q" $:?9?+" Mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb3Qystgeitka rgvkgw `n prgvihgbag stumkgs" Cùrbih `n Niekhy ^k`hgbag(:73 1>;%14:"

Il`vi Vègb Issàkitk`b $:?99+" Mègstka ^k`hgbag" Dijgr Ljrs" Zgtrkgvgm

Qgptgejgr :?( :?99( nrè dttp3//www"dijgrlkjrks"aè"

Iegrkaib Jir Issàkitk`b( Aèekssk`b `n Mègstka ^k`hgbag" $:??4+" ZgtrkgvgmNgjruiry 9( :?99 nrè dttp3//www"ijibgt"`rf"

Jryibt Q" I" . Qpgbagr F" I" $:??1+" Wbkvgrskty stumgbts ittktumgs ijùtittrkjutkbf jhieg kb mègstka vk`hgbag"Cùrbih `n Niekhy ^k`hgbag( 94$>+3 1>;%16>"


13/15

74 Egrtib gt ih"A`hgeib C" A" . Qibmri E" Q" $9;;6+" Burskbf Qtumgbts Ittktumgs t`wirm^katkes `n Mègstka ^k`hgbag is _rgmkatgm jy Qghgatgm Kbmkvkmuih ibmZghitk`bsdkp îrkijhgs"Cùrbih `n Niekhy ^k`hgbag( 9:$:+3 991%914"

Aibb L"( Vktbghh Q"( Qdilgspgirg C"( M`hh D" . ]dèis C" $:??9+" Mègstkavk`hgbag< i aèpiritkvg survgy `n hgvghs `n mgtgatk`b( lb`whgmfg( ibm ittktumgskb dgihtdairg w`rlgrs" _ujhka Dgihtd( 6/73 4;%;7"

ila E"( Mbegz Q" . ila G" $:??6+" Luzgy Ljrsti Limbi [bghklkmmgt" Ljrs ]rl Zud Qih [iybhir"

Nifib C" I" $9;4;+" Agssitk`b `n niekhy vk`hgbag3 Mgtgrrgbag ibm mkssuisk`b" Kb]`bry E" . @dhkb H" $Gms"+( Arkeg ibm custkag3 Ib ibbuih rgvkgw `n rgsgirad" Adkaif`3 Wbkvgrskty `n Adkaif` _rgss3 166 =:7"

Friaki G" $:??=+" Wbrgp`rtgm aisgs `n mègstka vk`hgbag ifikbst wègb3]`wirms ib gpkmgek`h`fy `n sàkih skhgbag( t`hgribag( ibm kbdkjktk`b" Cùrbih`n Gpkmgek`h`fy ibm Aèeubkty Dgihtd( 743 71> 716"

Dèg I" E" $9;;=+" Ittrkjutkbf Zgsp`bskjkhkty ibm Issgsskbf Frivkty kb Vkng

Ijusg Qktuitk`bs3 I Aèpiritkvg Qtumy `n _`hkag ibm Qàkih V`rlgrs"Cùrbih`n Qàkih Qgrvkag Zgsgirad( 9;3 >6%4="

Libt`r F" L" . Qtrius E" I" $9;;7+" Zgsp`bsg `n ^katkes ibm tdg _`hkag tÌssiuhts `b Vkvgs" Kb Qtriuss E" I" . Fghhgs Z" C" $Gms"+( _dyskaih vk`hgbag kbIegrkaib niekhkgs3 Zksl niat`rs ibm imiptitk`bs t` vk`hgbag kb 4(9=7 niekhkgs"Bgw Jrubswkal( BC3 ]ribsiatk`b3 =61%=46"

Lrkstkibsgb A" E" . Fukhkgttk Z" $9;;?+" _gragptk`bs `n Vkng Ijusg3 Gnngats `nFgbmgr( Ittktumgs t`wirm Vègb ibm Cust%V`rhm Jghkgns ie`bf A`hhgfgQtumgbts" _syad`h`fy `n Vègb Yuirtgrhy( 9=3966%94;"

Hialgy A" . Vkhhkies L" Z" $9;;7+" Qàkih J`bmkbf ibm tdg Agssitk`b `n _irtbgr^k`hgbag iar`ss Fgbgritk`bs" Cùrbih `n Eirrkifg ibm tdg Niekhy( 763 :;7 1?7"

Hàlg H" E" . Zkadeib A"H" $9;;;+" Ittktumgs t`wirm Mègstka ^k`hgbag3 Ziag

ibm Fgbmgr Kssugs" Qgx r`hgs( =? $1/=+3 ::6%:=6"


14/15

Lb`whgmfg ibm Ittktumgs t`wirms Mègstka ^k`hgbag ifikbst Vèib 7;

H`fib ]" L"( Qdibb`b H" . Vihlgr Z" $:??>+" _`hkag Ittktumgs t`wirm Mègstka^k`hgbag @nngbmgrs \Ghgatr`bka vgrsk`bU"Cùrbih `n Kbtgrpgrs`bih ^k`hgbag( :9391>7%916="

EaEuhhib G" A"( Airhib _" G" . B`rgm H" Q" $:??;+" Nuturg Hiw Gbn`ragegbt@nnkagrs ibm Qàkih V`rlgrs3 _gragptk`bs `n Mègstka ^k`hgbag" \Ghgatr`bka

vgrsk`bUCùrbih `n Kbtgrpgrs`bih ^k`hgbag3 :73 91>6"

_`hkag Dgim @nnkag" $:?99( Eiy+" Zga`rms `n Mègstka ^k`hgbag Aisgs" ^k`hgbagifikbst Vègb ibm Mègstka ^k`hgbag" V`rlsd`p a`bmuatgm jy Niauhty `n

Hiw( Gistgrb Egmktgrribgib Wbkvgrskty( Nieifusti( B`rtd Ayprus"

Wbktgm Bitk`bs Fgbgrih Issgejhy $9;;1+" Mgahiritk`b `b tdg Ghkekbitk`b `n^k`hgbag ifikbst Vègb" VD@ Euhtk%Aùbtry Qtumy `b Vègbs Dgihtd ibmMègstka ^k`hgbag ifikbst Vègb3 Queeiry Zgp`rt `n Kbktkih Zgsuhts `b_rgvihgbag( Dgihtd @utaègs ibm Vègbs Zgsp`bsgs" Fgbgvi( V`rhm Dgihtd@rfibkzitk`b"


15/15

>? Egrtib gt ih"Limbi [bghkl Ikhg k kmmgtg [bghkl Jkhfk vg]utuehir3 Luzgy Ljrs rbgk

Jkrib Egrtib Wur Eibgr

Nit` Jiyriltir gbgh DsbFzmg _gdhkvib Mrkyg ghkl_skl`h`ckl Mibei( Zgdjgrhkl vg Iritrei EgrlgzkM`u Ilmgbkz bkvgrsktgsk

z

Ikhg kk kmmgtg eiruz lihib jkrgyhgr `ubhulhi khl `hiril p`hksg vgyidistibghgrg jivururhir $EaEuhhib( Airhib . B`rgm( :?9?+" Ju bgmgb hg(libub uyfuhiyahir vg sihl ihibhir kmmgt vilihirbmi bgehk jkrr`hg sidkptkrhgr" Ju iritreibb ieihirbmib jkrk( limbi ybghkl ikhg kkkmmgt l`busubmi jkhfk vg tutuehirb( p`hkshgr vg nirlh jhehgrmg gktkefrgb rgbakhgr irisbmi bish nirlhhitb hegltkr" Iritreibb jkrmkgr ieia ksg( limbi ybghkl ikhg kk kmmgt l`busubmi jkhfk vgtutuehirb( midi bag ikhg kk kmmgt l`busubmi gktke ihe `hei vg/vgyijkr kmmgt vilis khg lirhie `hei muruehir irisbmilk khklkykkbaghgegltkr" Q`b `hiril iritreimi( limbi ybghkl ikhg kk kmmgtl`busubmi jkhfk vg tutuehirb nirlh s`sy`mge`frinkl zghhklhgrg frg bishnirlhhiijkhgagkbk hegl ieihibetr" Iritreibb rbglhgekbk(Dulul( Dgekrghkl vg _skl`h`ck jhehgrkbmg gktke frgb t`phie 96?rgbak vg 917 p`hks egeuru `heil zgrg t`phie 1?7 lithea`hutureutur"^grk t`phiei irihir `hiril( litheahirb s`sy`mge`frinkljkhfkhgrkbg ybghkl s`ruhirmib `huib Mge`frinkl Jkhfk N`reu vg limbi

ybghkl ikhg kk kmmgt l`busubmi jkhfk vg tutuehir hegl ieiayhiyizirhir tirinbmib fghktkrkhek `hib Ikhg k kmmgt ]utue hgk

luhhibhetr" Iritrei s`buhir( limbi ybghkl ikhg kk kmmgtl`busubmijkhfk vg tutuehirb( litheahirb nirlh gktke vgyi ihei ihibhirbmib`heihir( ikhg kk kmmgtl`busubmi gktke ihe `hei vg/vgyi midi bagikhg kk kmmgt vilis khg lirhie `hei niltrhgrk khg khklkhk `hmuubuibail( s`sy`mge`frinkl niltrhgr khg $rbgkb< yi( akbskygt( uyrul vgegmgbk murue+ khklkhk `heimb `rtiyi l`yeutur"

Ibidtir Lghkeghgr3 ikhg kk kmmgt l`busubmi jkhfk vg tutuehir( p`hksegeurhir( Dulul Nilhtgsk rgbakhgrk( Dgekrghkl Jhe rgbakhgrk(_skl`h`ck Jhe rgbakhgrk"

#3biran mertan_knowledgedv-pdram (1)

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