Bacterial Diseases

4-H Veterinary ScienceExtension Veterinary Medicine

Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Texas A&M Systemhttp://aevm.tamu.edu

Objectives

Describe bacterial diseases that affect the skin

Describe bacterial diseases that affect the eye

Describe bacterial diseases that affect the ear Describe bacterial diseases that affect the

reproductive system Describe clostridial diseases

Bacteria

Definition Single-celled microorganisms which can exist

either as independent (free-living) organisms or as parasites (dependent upon another organism for life)

Invade tissues May produce

Pus Harmful or poisonous waste

Bacteremia Blood

Septicemia Harmful waste products in blood

Toxemia Toxins in blood

Occurs Normal incubation period Development of dormant infection

Pathogens Primary bacterial disease Secondary bacterial disease

Predispositions Primary infection Stress Tissue injuries Dietary changes

Generalized Conditions

Caused by various abnormalities Anemia Encephalitis Hepatitis Pneumonia Nephritis Gastroenteritis

Clostridial diseases Systems affected

GI Musculo-skeletal Nervous

Spore forming Natural inhabitants

Soil Intestinal tracts

Affects numerous species

Two Categories Active invasion of tissue with production of toxins Toxemia resulting from absorption of toxins by

digestion (enterotoxemias) or ingestion (botulism)

Types

Species Hosts Diseases

Clostridium botulimun Animals, Man Botulism

Clostridium chauvoei Cattle Blackleg

Clostridium perfringens Sheep Enterotoxemia

Clostridium perfringens Man Gas Gangrene

Clostridium tetani Animals, Man Tetanus

In cattle 7-way Clostridial vaccine

C. chauvoei – blackleg C. septicum – malignant edema C. novyi – black disease (neck, liver, gut) C. sordellii – gas gangrene C. perfringens Types B, C and D – enterotoxemia

Skin

Dermatitis Description

Inflammation of the skin Causes

Bacteria Arthropods Fungi Allergens

Common sign Pruritus (itching) Skin lesions

Reddening/thickening of skin Bumps Blisters Crusts or scales

Pyoderma Description

Skin condition with the presence of purulent exudate (pus)

Superficial or deep pustules Associated with

Skin allergies “Hot spots”

Mange conditions Observe

Warm, humid weather

Eye

Keratoconjunctivitis Description

Inflammation of the eyeball’s surface (cornea) and the eyelid’s lining (conjunctiva)

Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva With/without keratitis Symptoms

Reddening of eyelids Rubbing

Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea Symptoms

Opaque or cloudy cornea Possibly ulcers Sensitive to sunlight Mucopurulent (mucus with pus) tears Crusty matter around eyes

Ulcers diagnosed with flourescent dye Common name

Pink eye

Ear

Otitis externa Description

Infection of the external ear canal Characterization

Inflammation of epithelium Reddening Itching Drainage

Symptoms Scratching or rubbing

Affects primarily dogs and cats

Predispositions Small external ear canal opening Excessive hair Flopped ears Warm, humid weather

Respiratory System

Rhinitis Description

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal passages

Acute or chronic Symptoms

Nasal discharge Open-mouth breathing Sneezing

Sinusitis Description

Inflammation of the sinuses Acute or chronic Symptoms

Nasal discharge Open-mouth breathing Sneezing

Pneumonia Description

Bacterial infection in the lung tissue and air passages causing acute or chronic inflammation

Symptoms Deep cough Difficulty breathing

Bacteria complicate viral pneumonia

Diseases Cattle and swine

Pasteurellosis Cats

Pneumonitis

Tonsillitis Description

Inflammation of the tonsils Common in dogs Symptoms

Gagging Retching Soft coughing Expulsion of mucus

Digestive System

Gastroenteritis Description

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines Many types of bacteria Symptoms

Excessive salivation Vomiting Diarrhea Straining Abdominal pain Hemorrhages

Blood in diarrhea

Diseases Salmonellosis Enterotoxemia Colibacillosis

Reproductive System

Metritis Description

Inflammation of the uterus Postpartum disorder May cause

Abortions Retained placentas

Symptoms Purulent, foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Persistent metritis Infertility

Diseases Contagious equine metritis

Abortion Description

Premature birth of a fetus by pregnant females Early termination of pregnancy due to bacterial

infection Diseases

Brucellosis Leptospirosis Campylobacteriosis Trich Neospora

Aborted Fetus

Termination Bacteria attack

Embryo/fetus Placenta Uterus

Transmission Ingestion Inhalation Venereal

Mastitis Description

Inflammatory process involving the mammary glands or udder tissue during lactation

Occurrences Infected nipple Blood Penetrating wounds

Symptoms Udder

Swollen Warm Painful

Milk Hemorrhagic Purulent