6-7 2017 d e c the pine s melaka m a l a y s i a prof. ir. dr. hj. abdul rahman omar, jsm advisor...

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INTERNATIO NAL CONFERENCE4 thON SCIENCE & SOCIAL RESEARCH

‘Translating Research Into Impact’

D E C20176 7- M A L A Y S I A

THE PINES MELAKA

ABSTRACTBOOK UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

(MELAKA BRANCH)

‘Translating Research Into Impact’

Welcome Message by Assistant Vice Chancellor

Conference Tracks

Organizing CommitteeProgrammeEminent LectureKeynote Lecture 1

2

46

1112

CONTENTS

13

14

Message by Chairman 3

Keynote Lecture 2

9

Abstracts for Oral and Poster Presentations

Foreward by Vice Chancellor 1

INTERNATIO NAL CONFERENCE4 thON SCIENCE & SOCIAL RESEARCH

I would like to commend the Institute of Research Management and Innovation (IRMI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, for the initiative and commitment to add value to higher learning through the organisation of the 4th International Con ference on Science and Social Research or (CSSR 2017). This is an important event in the university’s academic calendar as it brings together researchers, academics and professionals from Malaysia and abroad, experts from science and technology to social science and humanities in the translation of research into impactful actions for the enhancement of any research outcomes.

With the evolvement of technological advances and scientific efforts and opportunities to disseminate new knowledge, both institutions of higher learning and professionals alike have to constantly enhance the knowledge and skills of current and future knowledge translation to remain relevant. The theme this year is “Translating Research into Impact”, a topic that is quickly gaining traction in both academic and industrial discussions because of the relevance of creating better links between research and policy to require innovation and thinking outside of the box. It is important for us to focus collaborative research efforts on priority issues in the Malaysia mainly the need to answer questions, and not to do research for the sake of it.

Indeed, much can be accomplished if the wider community of the learned remains steadfast at pursuing innovative and collaborative initiatives. Effective government policies are also manifestations of evidence-based scientific data which contributes to the improvement of various aspects of modern living. I am hopeful that conferences such as CSSR 2017 can provide the depth of exposure to various available researches in science and technology to social science and humanities that are of high value not just in theory but in practice too.

On that note, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Minister of Higher Education, Yang Berhormat Dato’ Seri Idris Jusoh, who has been most supportive of the University’s efforts to broaden access to research into new areas which support global advancements in science. I would also like to thank all our sponsors for joining us in our continuous scientific exploration for the betterment of mankind. Last but not least, I wish everyone two days of rewarding intellectual discourse and I look forward to your contributions towards the transformation of better research output.

Emeritus Professor Dato’ Dr Hassan SaidUniversiti Teknologi MARA

FOREWORDVice Chancellor, Universiti Teknologi MARA

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE thON SCIENCE & SOCIAL RESEARCH4‘Translating Research Into Impact’1

WELCOME MESSAGEAssistant Vice Chancellor, Universiti Teknologi MARA

On behalf of the organizing team, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all partici pants who will join and present their research findings in the 4th International Conference on Science and Social Research, CSSR2017.

The Institute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI) Universiti Teknologi MARA has constantly and relevantly drive the research community to achieve tremendous output. One of the continuous efforts conducted by IRMI is organizing CSSR in order to facilitate publication of research findings in high quality journals and enhance the visibil

ity of researchers locally and internationally. The first and second CSSR were held in 2010 and 2015, respectively.

Experiences gained by IRMI and good support from participants have helped the planning and execution of CSSR2017.

“Translating Research Into Impact” is the theme for CSSR2017. This is consistent with the scope and objectives of CSSR2017. CSSR2017 covers multi-disciplinary research areas from science and technology to social science and humanities. The conference track is divided into three major areas namely, Engineering, Science & Technology, Clinical & Health sciences and Arts, Humanities & Social sciences. The conference will bring together researchers, academicians, scientists and practitioners from Malaysia and abroad to present their latest research findings and share new innovative ideas, knowledge, and technologies related to these three conference topics. CSSR opens up opportunity for researchers to to share their research outcomes, and expand their networking beyond their own specific field.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all committee members, reviewers, International Advisory Panels, Journal Guest Editors, Journal Guest Editorial Board and IRMI staffs for their great efforts and continuous support in making this conference a success.

Hope you will get the most from this two-day conference. See you in December 2017 at The Pines Hotel Melaka, Malaysia.Thank you.

Professor Dr. Hadariah BahronAdvisor CSSR2017Assistant Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation)Institute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI)Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEthON SCIENCE & SOCIAL RESEARCH4 ‘Translating Research Into Impact’ 2

MESSAGEChairman CSSR2017

We are indeed delighted to welcome you to the 4th International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR 2017). This year’s conference which is co-organized with Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Melaka, will be for the first time held outside the Klang Valley. The venue of this year’s conference was carefully selected to bring to the forefront the proud legacy of our rich culture and tradition, in historical Melaka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Conference offers a multidisciplinary platform to engage researchers, academics, industry and the community in the implementation of impactful research. In harmony with the theme ”Translating Research into Impact”, our Keynote Lecture 1, “Engineering Research into Solutions” by Yang Berbahagia Professor Datuk Dr.

Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and Keynote Lecture 2, “Transformation of Society through Research and Education” by Associate Professor Dr. Samsilah Roslan will revolve around the influence of research on society. We are also privileged to have Yang Berbahagia Datin Paduka Ir. Dr. Siti Hamisah Tapsir, Director General of Higher Education deliver an Eminent Lecture entitled “Academia in the 4th Industrial Revolution”, and launch the UiTM Research and Innovation in the Spotlight (RISe) portal. The RiSe Portal which was initiated by the Institute of Research Management and Innovation UiTM features researchers, research achievements and news highlights, as well as links to research videos.

It is heartening to note that CSSR 2017 has attracted more than 200 submissions from local and international participants. International submissions were received from countries such as Indonesia, India, Vietnam, United Kingdom, Spain, Mexico and Brazil. External participants this year also include representatives from financial institutions and government agencies.

The success of CSSR 2017 represents the tremendous support and effort of many. A warm thank you to our distinguished speakers and participants for imparting scientific value to the Conference. My heartfelt gratitute to all members of the organising committee for their dedication and hardwork. A note of appreciation also to our generous government and industrial partners for their contributions.

We hope that CSSR 2017 will facilitate the translation of research into impact.

Professor Dr Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor KhanChairman of the Organising Committee, CSSR 2017


TRACK 1: ADVANCED COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION (ACC)Trusted Computing, Infrastructure & Security, Grid & Cluster Computing, Middleware & tools, Industrial Infor-matics, Bioinformatics, Laboratory Information Management System, Wireless Communications, Mobile Communications, Radio Frequency Applications, Warfare Media & Information, GIS & Remote Sensing, Envi-romatic, Human Computer Interaction, Applied Statistics, Information Technology, Mathematical Sciences, Microprocessor systems, VLSI System Design, Electronic Circuits, Real-time systems, Microelectronic, Ana-logue & Digital Design, Embedded Systems, nanotechnology, Power Systems Analysis, Power Quality & Man-agement, Renewable Energy, Power Electronic Converters , High Voltage & Pulse Power, Energy Manage-ment, Power system stability, Adaptive Control System, Digital Signal Processing, System Identification, Med-ical Instrumentation, Fibre Optic Instrumentation, Robotic System, Sensor System, Image Processing , Virtual Instrumentation, Mobile and Cellular Network, Multimedia Network & Systems, RF/Microwave Circuits & Systems, Mobile Satellite, Propagation Predictions and Measurement, Antennas, Optical Communications, Space and Earth Electromagnetism ,Occupational Safety and Health Engineering, Radar Technology, Artifi-cial Intelligence, Intelligent System, Speech/Image Recognition, Communication, Wireless LAN & Bluetooth Applications, Network Security & Analysis, Trusted Computing and Infrastructure, Mobile Computing, Wear-able & Handheld Devices, Embedded Systems, Bio-Medical Research & Informatics. TRACK 2: HEALTH & WELLBEING (HW)Improving Health, Transformation of Laboratory Health Research to Clinical Health Research, Promote The Use of Research to Enhance Clinical or Surgical Procedures, Therapy and Treatment, Clinical Trials on Vac-cines, Therapeutic Drugs, Health Devices and Other Applications to Improve Health, Health Services Research that Examines the Access to Care, Health Care Costs and Processes, The Outcomes of Health Services for Individuals and Populations, Research in Health Education and Educational Aspects of Health Promotion, Translate and Communicate Health Research to Health Policy, Health Practice, Social and Economic Benefits. TRACK 3: MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (MS)Accounting/Financial Accounting, Behavioral Economics, Business Strategy, Decision Analysis, Entrepre-neurship and Innovation, Business Ethics, Banking, Insurance and Finance, Logistic and Supply Chain Man-agement, Judgment and Decision Making Marketing, Operations Management, Optimization, Organiza-tions, Stochastic Models and Simulation, Tourism, E-Commerce, Big Data Analytics in Businesses, Business Intelligence, Technology Management and Information Systems, Islamic Economy, Healthcare Manage-ment.

CONFERENCE TRACKSInstitute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI)


TRACK 4: PHARMACEUTICAL & LIFE SCIENCES (PLS)Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacoepide-miology, Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Administration, Pharmacy Practice, Posology, Psychopharmacology, Quality Assurance of Phar-maceuticals, Regulatory/Industrial Affairs of Pharmaceuticals, Systems Pharmacology, Theoretical Pharma-cology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biodiversity, Bioengineering, Biogeography, Bioinformatics, Biolinguistics, Biomechanics, Biomedical Research, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Botany, Cell Biology, Developmental Biolo-gy, Ecology, Embryology, Entomology, Epidemiology, Ethology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Immunolo-gy, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Physiology, Population Biology, Sociobi-ology, Structural Biology, Synthetic Biology, Systems Biology, Toxicology, Zoology. TRACK 5: FRONTIER MATERIALS & INDUSTRY APPLICATION (FMIA)Advanced Materials, Materials Technology, Materials Characterization, Properties, Testing, Modelling & Failure Analysis, Metals, Alloys, Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Polymers, Plastics, Films, Foams, Semiconduc-tors, Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Electrical/Electronic Materials, MEMs, NEMs, Textile, Nanomaterials, Powders, Oil & Gas, Fluid, Catalyst, Construction Materials, Tribology, Nanotechnology, Surface Science, Industrial Design & Technology, Chemical & Process, Transportation & Mobility, Forensic, Sport & Defense Engineering, Radiation Technology, CAD/CAM, Tools & Equipment, Manufacturing & Automation, Industry 4.0. TRACK 6: GREEN TECHNOLOGY & SUSTAINABLE DELEVOPMENT (GTSD)Global Warming, Climate Change, Coastal & Offshore Engineering, Water Resources, Disaster Mitigation and Prevention, Photovoltaic Applications, Fuels Cell Technology, Waste Management & Utilisations, Micro Energy Technology, Batteries & Supercapacitors, Power Electronics, Hybrid Energy Conversion, Smart Energy Converter, Electronic Transformer, Sustainable Buildings, Sustainable Construction, Green Cities, Green Policies and Governance, Sustainable Transport, Sustainable Township, Urban Wellbeing, Life Cycle Assess-ment, Zero Carbon Footprint, Environmental Pollution, Sustaining Biodiversity, Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Operations Management and Advanced Green Technology.

TRACK 7: HUMANITIES, DESIGN & CREATIVITY (HDC)Pedagogy, Research, Development, Innovation & Commercialization, Literature & culture, Learning outcomes, Linguistics, Curriculum, Religion, values & ethics, Assessment, Communication, 21st century skills, Civilisation, Employability, Translation & interpretation, Governance, Environment, Leadership, Arts, Psychol-ogy, Socialisation, Sustainability, History, New media, Flexible learning, Higher education, Art & Design, Film, Theatre & Animation, Education, Music, Contemporary Islamic Studies, Language.

CONFERENCE TRACKSInstitute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI)


ORGANIZING COMMITTEEInstitute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI)


Patron Prof. Ir. Dr. Hj. Abdul Rahman Omar, JSM Advisor Prof. Dr. Hadariah Bahron Chairman Prof. Dr. Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan Vice Chairman Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sharifah Aminah Syed MohamSecretary 1 Mr. Muhammad Khalid Abdullah Secretary 2 Mr. Khairul Nurudin Ahnaf Khaini Treasurer Mr. Norizan Abdul Talib

Mr. Intan Baizah Abdul Aziz Mr. Nurul Syahirah Mohd Yusnal

Scientific Committee Prof. Ir. Dr. Ismail Musirin (Head) Prof. Dr. Chen Ai Hong Prof. Dr. Norzaidi Mohd Daud Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sharifah Aminah Syed MohamAssoc. Prof. Dr. Aidah Jumahat Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arnis Asmat Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shahriman Zainal Abidin Dr. Saiful Izwan Suliman Dr. Muhammad Fairuz Azmi Dr. Naffisah Hassan Dr. Norfashiha Hashim Dr. Maimunah Mustakim Dr Rafeah Legino Mrs Marziah Che Murad

Programme Book Prof. Dr. Nooritawati Md Tahir (Head) Dr Yong Soon Kong Ms. Nor Hasimah Yunus Mr. Muhammad Shaiful Nizam Azaddin

ORGANIZING COMMITTEEInstitute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI)


Technical & Logistics Dr. Saiful Izwan Suliman (Head) Mrs. Habsah Minhat Mrs. Norazlin Othman Mr. Nawwar Aqimullah Abdul Aziz Mr. Muhammad Harith Ahmad Tarmizi Mr. Mohd Syafiq Ghadafi Rapaiee Mr. Md Pilus Abd Rahman

Sponsorship Dr. Mohd Hafiz Mohd Hanafiah (Head) Ms. Nur Hamizah Mohd Radzi Mrs. Noor Amiliza Samsudin

Registration & Conference Bag Dr. Maimunah Mustakim (Head) Dr. Naffisah Mohd Hassan Mrs. Siti Rosnani Mokri Mrs. Norwaheeda Zainuddin Mrs. Amalia Yasmin Mohd Rafi Mrs. Nur Farhana Ramli

Judging Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Azura Md Ghani (Head) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Taufek Abdul Rahman Dr. Umi Marshida Abdul Hamid Ms. Caroline Henry

Certificate & Award Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rohana Hassan (Head) Ms. Nur Adilah Ruslee Ms. Nur Hamizah Mohd Radzi Ms. Nurul Iza Umat Mss. Noor Amiliza Samsudin

Publicity & Promotion Dr. Norol Hamiza Zamzuri (Head) Mr. Muhammad Ammar Khaizuan Mr. Mohd Aizuddin Borhan Shah

Protocol & Opening Ceremony Assoc. Prof. Sr. Dr. Zulkiflee Abd Latif (Head) Dr. Shahrul Yani Said Ms. Siti Hanum A Rahman Mrs. Siti Fairuz Md Zen

Mr. Muhammad Azam Razali

ORGANIZING COMMITTEEUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (MELAKA BRANCH)

MELAKA COMMITTEEAdvisor Head of Committe Deputy HeadProtocol & Opening Ceremony (Protocol)

Protocol & Opening Ceremony (Event Management)

Protocol & Opening Ceremony (Emcee) Protocol & Opening Ceremony (Doa recital) Protocol & Opening Ceremony (VVIP Speech Text) Publicity & Promotion (Media)

Publicity & Promotion (Promotion) Technical & Logistics

Datuk Assoc. Prof Sabariah Binti Haji MahatAssoc. Prof. Dr. Shafinar IsmailDr. Koe Wei Loon Mr. Akmal Adanan (Head) Mr. Mohamad Daim Darson Mr. Shamsol Shafie Mrs. Rosilawati Sultan Mohideen Mrs. Ilya Yasnorizar IlyasMrs. Aida Nur Kodri (Head) Mrs. Milfadzhilah Mohd Jamil Mrs. Noor Haty Nor Azam Mrs. Wan Nor Syazana Wan HashimMr. Mohd Amirul Atan Mrs. Nur Aqilah Norwahi Dr. Faizal P. Rameli

Mrs. Siti Norashikin Bashirun

Dr. Abdul Rauf Ridzuan (Head) Dr. Abdul Rahim Ridzuan Mrs. Zarina Begum Ebrahim Mrs. Nur Hidayah ZainiMrs. Noorain Mohd Nordin (Head) Mrs. Hazwani Mohamad Roseli Miss Munirah Mohamed Mr. Mohd Nabil Zulhemay (Head) Dr. Mohd Zuli Jaafar Miss Nurul Ezaili Alias Miss Rozana Othman Mr. Hanif Omar (Photographer)

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEthON SCIENCE & SOCIAL RESEARCH4 ‘Translating Research Into Impact’8

PROGRAMME

DAY 1 (6 December 2017) WEDNESDAY

TIME VENUE PROGRAMME 8.00 am –

4.00 pm Registration Counter Registration of Presenters & Participants

9.00 am Welcoming Remarks Professor Dr Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan Chairperson CSSR 2017

9.30 am Grand Ballroom

Keynote Lecture 1 Honorable Professor Datuk Dr Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

10.30 am Foyer Tea Break


Keynote Lecture 2 Associate Professor Dr Samsilah Roslan Director, Putra Science Park Universiti Putra Malaysia

12.00 pm Coffee House Lunch Break 2.00 pm R1/R2/R3/R4 Parallel Sessions 3.30 pm Foyer Tea Break 4.00 pm R1/R2/R3/R4 Parallel Sessions 6.00 pm END OF DAY 1



PROGRAMME

DAY 2 ( 7 December 2017) THURSDAY

TIME VENUE PROGRAMME 8.00 am –

1.00 pm Registration Counter Registration of Presenters & Participants

8.45 am Grand Ballroom • Arrival of VVIP and Honorable Guests


• National Anthem • Melaka State Anthem • Wawasan Setia Warga UiTM • Recitation of Doa • Introduction of Eminent Speaker


Eminent Lecture Honorable Datin Paduka Ir Dr Siti Hamisah Tapsir Director General of Higher Education, Honorable Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

10.00 am Foyer Tea Break


Welcoming Remarks Professor Dr Hadariah Bahron Assistant Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi MARA


Closing Speech H.R HON. Datuk Seri Utama Ir. Haji Idris bin Haji Haron Chief Minister of Melaka • Officiating Ceremony CSSR 2017 • Launch of RISe Portal • Award Presentation • Photography Session

12.30 pm R4 Press Conference 1.00 pm Coffee House Lunch Break 2.00 pm R1/R2/R3/R4 Parallel Sessions 3.30 pm Foyer Tea Break 4.00 pm R1/R2/R3/R4 Parallel Sessions 6.00 pm END OF CONFERENCE


“Academia in the 4th Industrial Revolution”

DATIN PADUKA IR. DR. SITI HAMISAH TAPSIR, PhD, PEng Director General

Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

Biodata

Datin Paduka Ir. Dr. Siti Hamisah Tapsir is currently the Director General at the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. She oversees the implementation of the initiatives outlined in the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education) for the public and private higher education institutions. Prior to her current appointment, Datin Paduka Siti was the Deputy Director General for the public and private sectors for 8 years. She played the primary role in the establishment of a rating system for private colleges and the liberalization of private higher education. She also contributed significantly in the formation of several foreign university branch campuses in Malaysia and the enhancement of the public universities’ policies and governance. Prior to her position at the Ministry, Datin Paduka was the Deputy Vice Chancellor of University Teknologi Malaysia. At the professional level, Datin Paduka Siti is a Board Member for Malaysia Board of Technologists, a registered engineer under the Board of Engineers Malaysia, a fellow of the Institute of Engineers Malaysia and an Associate Member of the American Civil Society of Engineers (2008-2012).

EMINENT LECTURE


KEYNOTE LECTURE 1

PROFESSOR DATUK DR. AHMAD FAUZI ISMAIL

(Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)

“Engineering Research into Solutions”

Translational Research is often associated with medical research in which general public benefitted from research findings through a series of clinical trials and implementations. Such research findings take capital, time and efforts to be “translated”, not to mentioned, often limited by technological capabilities. However, it is only fair that translational efforts are recognized for non-medical research, too. Similar to medical-based translational research, engineering-based translational research also involves several translational stages. The main difference, however, would be the number of translational stages between the two types of research. While it is arguable that the reason medical-based translational research takes a long time to rearch the communities due to its nature of medical due diligence, engineering-based translational research could be the next wave of impactful innovation-to-community efforts worth considering. As a research-intensive higher education institution, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) is exploring this “new” kind of translational research. While the government and general public are still questioning the real and practical impacts of research to the benefits of society, we present our experienc-es in bring our innovation born in the laboratories to the benefits of our stakeholders, partic-ularly in membrane filtration technology. Following this case study, a detailed technology/-knowledge translational research framework is also outlined.


KEYNOTE LECTURE 2

ASSOC. PROF. DR. SAMSILAH ROSLAN

Director, Putra Science Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia

“Transformation of Society through Research and Education”

Educational institutions, especially universities, have long been regarded as the central agent in designing the future of a nation. The most impactful medium for the translation of knowledge from educational institutions to the society will have to be research and edu-cation. However, with the rapid, unpredictable and never-before-seen changes happen-ing in the world, it is inevitable that a research and education framework that transforms the society to be future-proof and future-driven is in place. This framework will have to encompass matters at macro, exo and micro levels, incorporating policies and implemen-tations, while also being able to touch base with norms and idiosyncracies. There are many best practices and lessons learnt but it seemed that several key success factors keep surfacing. The discussion of these success factors in transforming the society through research and education can perhaps inspire all transformation agents in planning and executing transformation within their scope and jurisdiction.


6th Dec (1st session) (Track 1: ACC) (Venue - R1) Chair: Prof Dr Ismail Musirin, Co-chair: Assoc Prof Sr. Dr. Zulkiflee Abdul Latif

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Muhammad Yahya (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Identifying the Breakdown Voltages of Vegetable Oils with Silicone Carbide Nanoparticle Additive as Insulating Oil for Transformers

This paper discusses on the breakdown voltage of vegetable oils with nanoparticles added to be used as insulating oil for transformers. Raw samples of Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) were used in this research. Different percentages of silicone carbide (SiC) nanoparticles was added into the samples of the vegetable oils. The different parameters of the vegetable oil mixtures were investigated through the breakdown voltage tests to analyse the effect of the additive on the dielectric strength of the oils. The performance of insulating oils varies according to the percentage of nanoparticles added through viscosity test and partial discharge (PD) measurement. The initial results for vegetable oils showed that the percentage of additives influenced the value of breakdown voltage of the oils highly. Furthermore, the result shows that PD measured became very low after the addition of silicone carbide nanoparticles.

1410-1420 Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun and Siti Nuradzarul Aqmaar Adzman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Fauzi Mohd Saman (Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Saiful Izwan Suliman (Universiti Teknologi MARA & University of Nottingham, Malaysia)

Architecting Virality: Information Sharing from Government FB Page to Citizens

In accordance with e-government initiatives, many ministries in Malaysia have engaged content to public using social media for better two-way communications. However, creating an online presence is not necessarily easy as digital content consumers are often bombarded with information and those that fail to capture information will be rendered uninteresting and irrelevant. This is imperative as for most part, users are in control of where they allocate attention and what they share. Using virality as a context, it is opined that information content that are well-designed will trigger specific information and propel the sharing of that information over the Internet. A study employing FB post categorization and sharing motivations survey was carried out in the context of Ministry of Health Malaysia Facebook page. The findings show that users are inclined towards Infographics with various sharing motivations. The results can be used by Malaysian ministries on how best to design and disseminate information for the benefit of the citizens on social media sites.

1420-1430 S. Sarifah Radiah Shariff (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Determining Hotspots of Road Accidents Using Spatial Analysis Across North-South Expressway

Road accidents continuously become a major problem in Malaysia and consequently cause loss of life or property. Due to that, many road accident data have been collected by highway concessionaries or build-operate-transfer operating companies in the country meant for coming up with proper counter measures. Several analyses can be done on the accumulated data in order to improve road safety. In this study the reported road accidents cases in North South Expressway (NSE) from Sungai Petani to Bukit Lanjan during 2011 to 2014 period is analyzed. The aim is to identify spatial pattern and hot spots across this longest controlled-access expressway in Malaysia as hotspot represents the location of the road which is considered high risk and the probability of traffic accidents in relation to the level of risk in the surrounding areas. As no methodology for identifying hotspot has been agreed globally yet; hence this study helps determining the suitable principles and techniques for determination of the hotspot on Malaysian highways. Two spatial analysis techniques are applied, Nearest Neighborhood Hierarchical (NNH) Clustering and Spatial Temporal Clustering, using CrimeStat® and visualizing in ArcGIS™ software to calculate the concentration of the incidents and the results are compared based on their accuracies. Results identified several hotspots and showed that they vary in number and locations, depending on their parameter values. Further analysis on selected hot spot location shows that Spatial Temporal Clustering (STAC) has a higher accuracy index compared to Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering (NNH). Several recommendations on counter measures have also been proposed based on the details results.

Time Authors Title

ABSTRACTS FOR ORAL PRESENTATION

1430-1440 S. Sarifah Radiah Shariff (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Alternative Methods for Forecasting Variations in Number of Hospital Bed Admission: A Case Study

Nowadays, in the modern world, people faced the challenges and volatile year for living costs in their daily life. People are now living with the higher proportion for each basic need such as the increasing prices of groceries, food, oil prices, transportation, taxes, housing, healthcare and many others. The increasing and higher price for the material and basic needs in life leads people to reduce their expenses for certain necessary in order to ensure that they can survive and have little savings for the emergency cases especially regarding to their health. Due to the increasing healthcare expenditure, it had been reported that the hospital admission is increasing annually. This has led to the widespread problem of overcrowding. In order to assist the government in planning and managing demands for health services and healthcare needs, the prediction for future bed admission into a hospital is outlined. In this study, State Space model is used to predict the variation in hospital bed admission data and shows that female aged between 25 -34 years old are having the highest variation. 1440-1450 Saidatul Habsah Asman (Universiti Teknologi

MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad Farid Abidin (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Abdul Talib Mat Yusoh (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Application of S-Transform to Reduce Border Distortion Effect Based on Window Length

The enhancement of powerful signal processing tools has broadened the scope research in power quality analysis.The necessity of processing tools to compute the signals accurately without border distortion effect presence has demanded nowadays. Hence, S-Transform has been selected in this paper as a time-frequency analysis tools for power disturbance detection and localization as it capable to extract features and high resolution to deal with border distortion effect. Various window length signal has been analyzed to overcome the border distortion effect in S-Transform.To ascertain validity of the proposed scheme, it is validated with IEEE 3 bus test system and simulation results show that the proposed technique can minimize the border effect while detecting transient and voltage sag during fault system. As a result, the longest window length which is four cycle, outperform the least MSE value which indicate the best performance. While, the shortest window length resulting highest MSE value which indicate the worst performance.

1450-1500 Ahmad Zuber Ahmad Zainuddin (Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia); Wahidah Mansor, W. and Khuan Y Lee (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zulkifli Mahmoodin (Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Optimization of Support Vector Machine in Classifying EEG Signal of Dyslexic Children Using RBF Kernel

Dyslexia is referred as learning disability that causes learner having difficulties in decoding, reading and writing words. This disability associates with learning processing region in the human brain. Activities in this region can be examined using electroencephalography (EEG) which record electrical activity during learning process. This study looks into optimizing Support Vector Machine (SVM) using RBF kernel in classifying EEG signal of Normal, Poor and Capable Dyslexic children during writing words and non-words. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with Daubechies order 2 was employed to extract beta and theta waves of EEG signal. Beta and Theta/Beta ratio form the features for classification. Multiclass SVM was used in the classification and the optimization of the SVM and RBF kernel parameters were carried out to optimize the classifier output. The result reveals significant differences in classification performance when box constraint and kernel scale values were varied. It was found that the best performance of SVM with 91% overall accuracy and sensitivity was obtained when both kernel scale and box constraint are set to one.

1500-1510 Sharifalillah Nordin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Sofea Ramli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Personality Prediction Based on Iris Position Classification Using Support Vector Machines

Predicting personality generally involves personal interpretations of a person which makes the current methods for personality prediction process less adequate, timely and tedious. Thus, a simple yet efficient alternative method is proposed in this project for detecting iris positions which are used in Neuro-Linguistic Programming as clues for the human internal representational system and mental activity. This study set out to determine several positions of the iris of a person based on the Eye Accessing Cues. The design and the development of a complete system will be undertaken as for the users to use as a medium to predict their personality based on their iris position. Several pre-processing techniques were executed to each of the data before run into the testing and training activities for accuracy gaining. The algorithm used for classification of the positions is Support Vector Machine which by taking rectangle crop of an eye with 9000 pixels as inputs. Radial Basis Function is used for the kernel parameter of the proposed method. The classification will then map into the type of a person with the lists of his personality based on Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic theory. The result of the classification of the iris positions is currently 84.9% accurate which in the future might be increased by tuning several other parameters that consisted in Support Vector Machine.




Leaf Recognition Using Texture Features for Herbal Plant Identification

Classification of the NTEV Problems with Combination of S-Transform and Different Variables of K-NN

1510-1520 Zaidah Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nurbaity Sabri and NurNabilah Abu Mangshor (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

This research investigates the application of texture features for leaf recognition for herbal plant identification. Malaysia is rich with herbal plants but not many people can identify them and know about their uses. Preservation of the knowledge of these herbal plants is important since it enables the general public to gain useful knowledge which they can apply whenever necessary. Leaf image is chosen for plant recognition since it is available and visible all the time. Unlike flowers that are not always available or roots that are not visible and not easy to obtain, leaf is the most abundant type of data available in botanical reference collections. A comparative study has been conducted among three popular texture features that are Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) with multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A new leaf dataset has been constructed from ten different herbal plants. Experimental results using the new constructed dataset and Flavia, an existing dataset, indicate that HOG and LBP produce similar leaf recognition performance and they are better than SURF.

1520-1530 Mohd Abdul Talib Mat Yusoh (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad Farid Abidin (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zuhaila Mat Yasin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Neutral to Earth Voltage (NTEV) is one of power quality (PQ) problems in the commercial building that need to be resolved. The classification of the NTEV problems is a method to identify the source types of disturbance in alleviating the problems. This paper presents the classification of NTEV source in the commercial building which is known as the harmonic, loose termination, and lightning. The Euclidean, City block, and Chebyshev variables for K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classifying are being utilized in order to identify the best performance for classifying the NTEV problems. Then, S-Transform (ST) is applied as a pre-processing signal to extract the desired features of NTEV problem for classifier input. Furthermore, the performance of K-NN variables is validated by using the confusion matrix and linear regression. The classification results show that all the K-NN variables capable to identify the NTEV problems. While the K-NN results show that the Euclidean and City block variables are well performed rather than the Chebyshev variable. However, the Chebyshev variable is still reliable as the confusion matrix shows minor misclassification. Then, the linear regression outperformed the percentage close to a perfect value which is hundred percent .

1530-1540 Mohamad Sabri Omar; Ismail Musirin; Saiful Izwan Suliman; Nor Azura Md Ghani; Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari; Mohamad Khairuzzaman Mohamad Zaman

Gravitational Search Algorithm Application in Voltage Stability Optimization Problem

Based on 2013 Performance and Statistical Information on Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia published by Malaysia Energy Commission, most of electrical interruptions happen in Malaysia is dominated by unscheduled electricity supply interruptions. The recorded data from year 2006 till year 2013 shows the significant difference between unscheduled and scheduled interruptions around 95% to 99%. The purpose of the schedule interruptions is for maintenance or repairing work purposely to reduce unscheduled interruptions. Increasing in unscheduled interruptions means also increasing in voltage un-stability. Thus, it is importance to identify the near collapse voltage by compute the stability level of the voltage. Stability level just before or the collapse events. This paper presents the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) application in voltage stability optimization problem. The study involves analysing voltage stability through calculating voltage stability index in a tested power system line and implementation of the GSA for optimization. The GSA application was evaluated on IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) in order to determine optimal solutions of voltage stability. A comparative study also been carried out to observe the impact of the proposed algorithm over voltage stability optimization. The expected result of the study is optimization on the voltage stability and reducing unscheduled interruptions while keep maintaining the schedule interruptions at minimum numbers. .


6th Dec (2nd session) (Track 1: ACC) (Venue - R1) Chair: Dr. Saiful Izwan Suliman, Co-chair: Assoc Prof Dr Rohana Hassan

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Izaidi bin Wan Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Muslim Mohd Aruwa (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Abdul Hadi Abdul Razak (Universiti Teknologi MARA & Victoria Unversity, Malaysia); Adizul Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Rizmy Najme Khir (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Investigation of Knee Flexion Angle Influences on Galvanic Coupled Intra-Body Communication's (IBC) Signal Attenuation

Galvanic coupling method is one of the methods introduced in intra-body communication (IBC). IBC uses human body to as the communication medium for data transmission. In this paper, the investigation focuses on signal attenuation performance across knee joint using the galvanic coupling analysis. The signal attenuation was determined by implementing the galvanic coupling analysis at specific knee flexion angle. The galvanic analysis initiated by deciding the operating frequency in between 40 to 60 MHz in order to analyze the signal attenuation between the knee flexion angles. This paper found that the lowest signal attenuation at the operating frequency was 47.25dB, while the highest one was 52.63dB where the knee flexion angle is 0o and 155o respectively. It was concluded that the signal attenuation decrease with the increasing of knee joint existence at the specific flexion angle. However, a wider experiment must be conducted for various data that will correspond to signal attenuation for various influenced human data characteristics.

1610-1620 Nurshahrily Idura Ramli and Mohd Izani Mohamed Rawi (Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad Zahid Hijazi and Abdullah Hayyan Kunji Mohammed (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Investigating Thermal Comfort for the Classroom Environment Using IoT

In this modern century where fine comfort is a necessity especially in buildings and occupied space, the study to satisfy one aspect of human comfort is a must. This study encompasses of exploring the physiological and environmental factors in achieving thermal comfort which specifically considering the clothing insulation and metabolic rate of students as well as the deployment of dry-bulb temperature, mean radiant temperature, humidity, and air movement in order to obtain the level of comfort students are experiencing in class. The level of comfort are detected by using ASHRAE 55 to determine the average thermal sensation response through the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) value. An android application were developed to read input of recognizing clothing level (thickness of clothing) and capturing metabolic rate to cater the inputs for physiological factors, while radiant temperature, humidity and air movement are captured through static sensors set up in the classroom space. This project attempts to analyze both the physiological and environmental factors affecting students in class and further determine their comfort levels that is a major influencing factor of focus in learning in utilizing the features of IoT.

1620-1630 Norfishah Ab Wahab (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zuhaila Mat Yasin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Bandpass Filter Using Ring Resonator with Microstrip and CMOS Technology at RF Frequency Above 20GHz

This paper presents 2 dual mode rectangular ring resonators, designed at RF frequency above 20GHz for bandpass filter applications. The first resonator is built on a single layer using microstrip technology and is simulated using Rogers Duroid TMM10 substrate with the following characteristics; relative dielectric constant (εr) = 9.2, substrate thickness (h) = 1.270 mm, dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) = 0.0023 and operating frequency at 20GHz. Microstrip technology are recommended in this design due to easy access as well as high availability on the market plus it was easy to implement on the design. The second resonator is built using multilayer CMOS technology at 75GHz. The resonator is simulated with fluorinated silicon glass (FSG) and the relative dielectric constant (εr) = 3.7 and silicone rich oxide (SRO) and its relative dielectric constant (εr) = 4.2 respectively. Both designs are built using full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool. The simulated results show good passband performance. For microstrip technology at 20GHz, the return loss is 9.999dB and the insertion loss is 3.108dB while for CMOS technology at 75GHz, the return loss is 11.299 dB and the insertion loss is 0.335 dB.




1630-1640 Wahidah Mansor, W. and Mohd Nasir Taib (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norliza Zaini (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Bibi Norasiqin Sheikh Rahimullah and Mohd Fuad Abdul Latip (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Rozita Jailani (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Effective Sampling-Based Assessment Method for Evaluating Electrical Engineering Programme Performance

Challenges in the conventional way of measuring programme outcome include large data sets to be processed, a large amount of manpower, operating cost increment and time-consuming. A sampling-based approach to evaluating the performance of a programme is proposed and a mathematical model is developed to determine the overall programme outcome score. The criteria for course selection and percentage of students considered in the assessment was designed to accelerate the process. The results obtained from the implementation of sampling-based approach in the assessment have shown that the programme is successful and the students have achieved the required knowledge and skills. The sampling based approach is capable of demonstrating the programme and the students' achievement.

1640-1650 Adriana Ismail (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Investigating Odds and Probability of Stillbirth Due to Antenatal Complications (Hypertension, Diabetes and Anemia) Among Women in Malaysia: Case Study in Public Hospital at Selangor

Stillbirth is a serious problem globally with approximately 2.65 million third trimester stillborn baby cases recorded around the world each year. In Malaysia, there are very limited studies on the risks of stillbirth. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate the odds and probability of stillbirth due to antenatal complications (hypertension, diabetes and anemia) among women in Malaysia. A case-control study was undertaken in one public hospital at Selangor. The sample size for the study was 367 patients who gave birth at the hospital of which 155 are cases and 212 are the controls. The data was collected from the year 2013 to 2015 based on the patient's data in the manual book and database. Descriptive analysis was conducted to know the percentage of mothers with antenatal problems with birth of their babies. Chi-square test of independence and odds ratio was conducted to identify the associations between antenatal complications and stillbirth. The results showed that most of the stillbirth's mothers did not have any antenatal complication during pregnancy; 18.1% has hypertension, 18.7% has diabetes and 23.2% has anemia. Mothers with babies born alive showed quite similar results with only 18.9% with diabetes and 25% with anemia but a slight difference for hypertension with only 1.9%. The chi square tests of independence results concluded that only hypertension is associated with birth of baby. Based on the odds ratio, a mother who has hypertension during pregnancy has 11.465 times higher odds (95 CI: 3.930 to 33.445) of getting a stillbirth baby compared to a mother without hypertension. Thus, pregnant women who have hypertension during pregnancy have a higher risk of getting stillbirth baby.

1650-1700 Rohilah Sahak (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Wahidah Mansor, W., Khuan Y Lee and Azlee Zabidi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Performance of Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Least Square on Optimized Feature Set in Classifying Asphyxiated Infant Cry Using Support Vector Machine

An investigation into optimized support vector machine (SVM) integrated with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal least square (OLS) in classifying asphyxiated infant cry was performed in this study. Three approaches were used in the classification; SVM, PCA-SVM and OLS-SVM. Various numbers of features extracted from Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficient (MFCC) were tested to obtain the optimal parameters of SVM kernels. Once the optimal feature set is obtained, PCA and OLS selected the most significance features and the optimized SVM then classified the selected cry patterns. In PCA-SVM, eigenvalue-one-criterion (EOC), cumulative percentage variance (CPV) and the Scree test (SCREE) were used to select the most significance features. SVM with radial basis function (RBF) kernel was chosen in the classification stage. The classification accuracy and computation time were computed to evaluate the performance of each method. The best method for classifying asphyxiated infant cry is PCA-SVM with EOC since it produces the highest classification accuracy which is 94.84%. Using PCA-SVM, the classification process was performed in 1.98s only. The results also show that employing feature selection techniques could enhance the classifier performance.

1700-1710 Nik Fasdi Nik Ismail (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

A Comparative Study of Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (POD-PWM) and Symmetrical Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Switching Techiques for Current Source Multilevel Inverter(MCSI)

This paper presents a comparison between two switching technique namely Phase Disposition PWM and asymmetrical PWM switching for a generalized current source multilevel inverter (MCSI). One of the advantages of MCSI is it can reduce the total harmonic distortion THD at the output load current. In this paper, the different levels of generalized MCSI has been developed with Matlab@simulation software in order to study the performance of the two switching schemes for the operation of MCSI. From the simulation results, SPWM switching technique can give better THD results compare to asymmetrical switching technique.

Time Authors Title




1710-1720 Shafinaz Ismail; Darmawaty Mohd Ali; Norsuzila Ya'acob

Performance Analysis of Uplink Scheduling Algorithms in LTE Networks

Scheduling is referring to the process of allocating resources to User Equipment based on scheduling algorithms that is located at the LTE base station. Various algorithms have been proposed as the execution of scheduling algorithm, which represents an open issue in Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. This paper makes an attempt to study and compare the performance of three well-known uplink schedulers namely, Maximum Throughput (MT), First Maximum Expansion (FME), and Round Robin (RR). The evaluation is considered for a single cell with interference for three flows such as Best effort, Video and VoIP in a pedestrian environment using the LTE-SIM network simulator. The performance evaluation is conducted in terms of system throughput, fairness index, delay and packet loss ratio (PLR). The simulations results show that RR algorithm always reaches the lowest PLR, delivering highest throughput for video and VoIP flows among all those strategies. Thus, RR is the most suitable scheduling algorithm for VoIP and video flows while MT and FME is appropriate for BE flows in LTE networks..

1720-1730 Sharifah Aniza Sayed Ahmad; Daud Mohamad; Nor Hashimah Sulaiman; Jamilah Mohd Shariff; Kamilah Abdullah

Extended FTOPSIS with Distance and Set Theoretic-Based Similarity Measure

Comparing fuzzy numbers is an essential process in deducing the output of many fuzzy decision making methods. One of the comparison methods commonly used is by using similarity measure. The main advantage of the similarity measure over other approaches is its ability to minimize the loss of information in the computational process. Several similarity measures have been applied effectively in fuzzy decision making methods. In this paper, a new similarity with two major components, namely the geometric distance and the set theoretic are incorporated in the extended fuzzy TOPSIS method. The proposed similarity measure is in favor of others as it is able to discriminate two similar shape fuzzy numbers effectively with two different locations. A validation process is carried out by comparing its consistency with other similarity measure used in extended fuzzy TOPSIS using a supplier selection problem. The result shows that the extended fuzzy TOPSIS with the proposed similarity measure gives a consistent result without reducing any information in the computational process. Keywords: Similarity measure; fuzzy TOPSIS; fuzzy decision making


Zakat is an Islamic financial instrument anchored within the economic Islamic system. Its establishment is to reduce inequalities within Muslim community so that a fair and social justice would be attained. The main objective of zakat is to eradicate poverty and transform the beneficiary's living standard to the betterment. In Malaysia, the administration of all religious matters including zakat is under the auspice of State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC). There are 14 states in Malaysia and every state has its own SIRC. As a religious and zakat agent, the institution is entrusted to govern zakat funds so that the beneficiary's living standard could be elevated and even transformed to a higher level. With regard to this, the paper conceptually reviews the role of zakat institution in governing and transforming the beneficiary's living standard from lower level namely daruriyyat (dire necessities) to higher level that is hajiyyat (comfort living) in relation to Maqasid al Syariah. To ensure the successful of the transformation, zakat institution should play proactive roles and be optimist in formulating and initiating potential programmes that would generate income and make the beneficiary wealthy. Last but not least, the objective of Maqasid al Syariah under zakah jurisprudence will be achieved, if zakah funds are channelled to productive programs that would transform the beneficiary's living standard and eventually free him from the shackles of poverty.

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Valerie Michael, Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman, Shureen Faris Abd Shukor and Noor Azizi Mohd Ali (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

An Analysis of Artist's Practice in Hybrid Art and the Challenges Toward Malaysia Art Scene

Living in today's era, the artists' practice in creating artwork is different from those practiced 20 years ago. Starting from the existence of digital art and then electronic art entered the local art scene, the presentation, style and approach have evolved. Back to the year 2005 and 2007, there were exhibitions that bring the concept of hybrid art into the art exhibition. One of the show 'Hybrid+ism' highlighted various disciplines, media, applying unlimited processes and medium. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the artist's practice in the hybrid art based on selected artworks. The artworks are selected based on the criteria have listed; it covers the experimental, mixed media, multi-disciplines, integration and technology as well as culture aspects. This paper presents findings of the hybrid art practice among artists in Malaysia art scene and also covers a discussion about strategies to create awareness toward audiences about hybrid practice.

1410-1420 Valerie Michael (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia) An Analysis of Artistic Diversity in Hybrid Art Practice Among Malaysian Artists

As the development of Malaysia art scene today, it directly affected local artist to explore more in an artistic discipline. Local artists have influenced and consider new approaches to develop multidisciplinary arts aside of focusing on painting and sculpture. With those efforts, artists have developed the "hybrid" approach in creating a platform to the multidisciplinary approach and expand more in art exploration. The purpose of this research is about the hybrid art approach practices by the artist. This research examines the artistic diversity elements practices by the artists for the process of making artworks. In this hybrid approach, it aims to discuss the factors of artistic diversity applied in the hybrid art by the artists. The outcomes from the research are highlighted on media diversity and experiment activity by the artist. In this discussions, there are discuss the contribution and collaboration of the local artists in term of the creative process.

1430-1440 Maheran Zakaria (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kelantan, Malaysia); Normah Omar (Universiti Teknologi MARA & Accounting Research Institute, Malaysia); Noreen Azella Nawi and Siti Maziah Ab

Role of Zakah Institution in Governing and Transforming Beneficiary's Living Standard from the Level of Daruriyyat (Dire Necessities) to Hajiyyat

6th Dec (1st session) (Track 7: HDC & Track 6: GTSD) (Venue - R2) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Shahriman Zainal Abidin, Co-chair: Dr Rafeah Legino



1510-1520 Hadiono Afdjani (Universitas Budi Luhur, Indonesia) Berita Satu News Channel's Policy and Marketing Communication Process in Gaining Customer

1440-1450 Rafidah Zainal and Ayub Md. Som (Universiti Teknology MARA, Malaysia); Nafsiah Mohamed (Accounting Research Institute (ARI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

A Comparative Study on the Implementation Stage of Corporate Integrity at the Organization Between the Malaysian Public and Private Sectors

With regards in fighting corruption and promoting transparency in organization, agency integrity unit was established in 2013 in all public agencies as one of the internal control instrument in managing issues related to integrity. In addition, a Corporate Integrity Assessment Questionnaire (CIAQ) also been developed by Malaysian Institute of Integrity in collaboration with several Malaysian academicians with the aim to measure the implementation of integrity system in their organization. Using 12 Dimensions that were adopted from a global benchmark by Joan Elise Dubinsky, the 214 questions will reflect the level of integrity in the organization based on the number of responses for each questions. There are 173 respondents from Company A (public sector) and 220 respondents from Company B (private sector) took part in completing and returning the questionnaire. The findings showed that Company A has integrity level between 75% to 100% while Company B integrity level is between 50% to 75%.

1450-1500 Umaimah Wahid (Budi Luhur University, Indonesia) The Strategies of the Ministry of Education and Culture's Public Relations in Reconstructing the Quality of Characterized Young Generation on the Socialization of Five-Day School Policy

This research is aimed to determine the strategy and focussed on the problem of how the efforts of The Ministry of Education and Culture's public relations in socializing the five-day school policy to the society as an effort to reconstruct the quality of characterized young generation and focus on the problem of how the efforts in responding the mass media's highlights and societies' criticisms, that came from various level, related to their five-day school policy as a part of their way in reinforcing the character education program. The theories which is used in this research are public situational theory and innovation diffusion theory. The research paradigm is constructivism paradigm, qualitative approach case study method. The results of this research is obtained by using the interview and observation techniques to the research subjects, that is The Ministry of Education and Culture especially The Bureau of Communications and Public Service and other data from reliable sources. The result and analysis of the research is to know The Ministry of Education and Culture's public relations strategy in socializing the five-day school policy. From this research, it can be summarized as follows: The Ministry of Education and Culture runs public relations' strategies such as publications, events, news, lobbies and negotiations in the socialization of five-day school policy. The publications using social media is one of the socialization reinforcement, but against those who become the counterparts of five-day school policy, The Ministry of Education and Culture is using third parties such as non-governmental organizations and public figures as a part of lobbying and negotiating.

This research is related to Berita Satu News Channel's marketing communication activity based by the application of a redactional policy of a press company in the form of a television station in the paid network of a cable television and satellite. Berita Satu News Channel applied a redactional policy that's based upon the journalism code of conduct in offering news quotes in each of its advertisements that's informationally comprised with the most recent happenings for society to know which most of the time involves collective importance, influential figures, unique and interesting facts which will improve knowledge and insights. Berita Satu News Channel's marketing communication activity utilizes the majority of Lippo Group network's force which acted as the core company. This research theories are the organizational control theory and the promotional mix theory. Post-positivism is the paradigm that's used with its qualitative approach and a descriptive method to depict a real-ish marketing communication process execution of Berita Satu News Channel. The research result is Berita Satu News Channel utilizes a promotion trade system with some of mass media brands that's integrated in Berita Satu Media Holdings network and also social media which enables its fuse of mass media forces with its personal interaction ability so that the two way communication between Berita Satu News Channel and its audience is made possible that it opens the opportunity for the promotional mix process to be utilized in the form of personal selling, sales promotion, public relation and word of mouth.



1520-1530 Siti Fahazarina Hazudin, Nor Habibah Tarmuji and Nurul Nadia Abd Aziz (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang, Malaysia); Nor Aini Hassanuddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Terengganu, Malaysia); Indarawati Tarmuji (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Impact of Integrating Technology Through Interactive Learning Method in Statistical Teaching and Learning Towards Students' Performance: A Case Study in Higher Education

This study is carried out to examine the effectiveness of using technology-assisted pedagogy as a better potential learning method than traditional lecturing method for possible achieving better performance among university students in learning statistics. The researchers in this study have developed a system for interactive notes and teaching materials based on one of the fundamental topic in statistics - the sampling techniques. Performance from two groups, the experimental and control group were observed and assessed using a uniform set of test questions related on the topic. Based on the test scores obtained from the two groups, analysis of independent t-test was performed on total sample of 92 Diploma in Science students at the Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang. Result has revealed that there is statistical evidence that the mean scores for the two groups are significantly different (p <0.05). The use of technology is proven to be a more compelling platform for student to gain better understanding of the topic that could enhance their academic achievement. 1510-1520 Alamah Misni; Nurmunira Razmi; Puziah Ahmad; Siti

Mazwin Kamaruddin; Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam Abdul Rasam; Rohaniah Mohd Noor

Low Carbon Campus Landscapes at Premier Polytechnic of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Shah Alam

Campus physical development plan is an effective tool in shaping campuses life, especially for students to promote a sustainable living community. The purpose of this study is to enhance the quality of campus outdoor environment by applying low carbon with green landscapes and sustainable development. Premier Polytechnic of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (PSA) was selected as a proposed model for the government planning to make a green campus for polytechnic and to increase the capacity of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the Commonwealth countries. As a stakeholder in TVET, all polytechnic institutions involved directly in supporting and implementing initiatives that TVET-ESD is parallel with the aspirations of the country. The approach taken for its implementation is to make students as a key technology and green practices at the Polytechnic. Design approaches and strategies are used to solve the campus environmental issues towards green and sustainable development and will be based on two criteria of green areas; open spaces and green reserve in campus. This design study was achieved the national target of 10% carbon reduction. Applying and practising green and low carbon development in campus areas reached a total reduction of 12.51% carbon sequestration via tree planting is an effective baseline study conducted in campus area as well as to enhance the quality of campus outdoor environment. This finding will help to produce a physical model of outdoor planning and design in generating low carbon campus in Malaysian polytechnic campus 1520-1530 Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam; Noresah Mohd

Shariff; Jiloris F Dony; Alamah Misni

Socio-Environmental Factors and Tuberculosis: A Spatial Exploratory Analysis in Peninsular Malaysia

The spatial pattern of tuberculosis (TB) describes the environmental variation of the disease. Controlling the disease is not only depends on bio-medical method, but there is also a need to explicitly understand socio-environmental contexts which includes the elements of people, space and time. A spatial exploration of local TB dynamic in Malaysia's perspectives is necessary since earlier studies were limited in addressing these contexts. This paper discusses a general spatial pattern of TB distribution pattern in Peninsular Malaysia for a ten-year period from 2005 to 2014 and its possible correlation with socio-environmental factors in 2010. Geographical information system (GIS) and correlation analysis are fundamental techniques used to explore the local pattern of TB distribution and environmental relationship. Data on annual TB cases and state map are collected from the Ministry of Health and the Department of Rural and Country Planning Malaysia respectively. The overall spatial pattern of TB cases shows increasing trends and concentrating in five states, including Selangor, Johor, WPKL, Kelantan and Kedah, even though there is no specific pattern in the area. In addition, the number of the population (r=0.953) and socioeconomic status (r=0.578) have high correlation coefficient with r=0.953 and r=0.578 correspondingly than types of biophysical environment such as urban population (r=0.403) and non-forested area (r = -0.134) of the states. This study concludes that the majority of the cases are occurred in the urban states, having high-medium incomes and populous areas.



Evening 6th Dec (1st session) (Track 7: HD C & Track 6: GTSD) (Venue – R2) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Shahriman Zainal Abidin, Co-chair: Dr Rafeah Legino

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Boo Ho Voon (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ai Kiat Teo (SMK DPHA Gapor, Malaysia); Joyce Voon (SMK Green Road, Malaysia)

Report-writing Disposition and Achievement Orientation an Exploratory Research on the MUET Students

This paper presents an exploratory research which aimed to gauge the MUET students' report-writing dispositions and achievement orientation as well as examine the influence of selected demographic variables on these two variables. The research took about 10 weeks and two groups of MUET students (79 students) in a government secondary school in Kuching were involved. The findings indicated that the multi-item scales to measure the writing disposition and achievement orientation were reliable. The correlation analysis indicated that report-writing dispositions and achievement orientations were having a significant but rather weak association (r = 0.389). The results also suggested that report-writing dispositions of the surveyed MUET students were generally low (3.21 out of the 7-point scale), but their achievement orientations were recommendable (3.53 out of 5-point scale). The demographic variables (race, English speaking, parent's income, father's occupation, and SPM grade) had significant influences on the report-writing dispositions. With regards to their achievement orientations, demographics generally had no significant influences, except for the Father's Occupation.

1610-1620 Norfadilah Kamaruddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Shahrunizam Sulaiman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

A Content Analysis on Teaching Aids: Interface Design Principles And Characteristics

The current advancement of ICT has reshaped the education environment which sees rapid development for the past five years. The advancement of digital lifestyle among different cohort of student enrolment has changed the role of lecturers which requires them to develop effective multimedia teaching aid and sustaining effective teaching and learning engagement. Towards this, lecturers do play an important role as interface designer which should be well designed and developed as a communication tool. This paper is intended to provide an empirical evaluation on what are the characteristics and design principles that contribute to the appearance of a teaching and learning content interface design. The data is presented based on interface design principles applied in existing teaching aids in Malaysian tertiary institution. Although sample of study is locally based, the outcomes of this paper could extensively be a guideline for other countries.

1620-1630 Norfadilah Kamaruddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ramlan Jantan (Lecturer, Malaysia)

Primary Analysis of Co-Creation Method: A Conceptual Framework for Malaysian Interactive Product Development

Nowadays, co-creation method has become a new development trend in the era of technology. Towards this scenario, most of design businesses is currently transformed their development strategy from a good-dominant into service-dominant where more attention is given to the end-users and their roles in the development process. As a result, the conventional development process is been replaced with more cooperative. Towards co-creation trail therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the extension of co-creation method in the design development process. Most of the results concluded, the understanding of this concept is still little and many design companies are lack of understanding on users value particularly on their participation in design development process. Furthermore, in Malaysia so far there is no certain process or models exist in order to show how co-creation method is really can be shaped in context of Malaysian interactive design application. Thus, this paper proposed a potential framework of the co-creation method for Malaysian interactive product development. The framework is accumulated from both parties involved: the users and designers. The framework expecting will clearly give an explanation on the value of co-creation method and it could assist relevant design industries/companies in developing a blueprint of design process. This paper further contributes to the literature on co-creation of value and digital ecosystems.



1630-1640 Mohd Azhar Samin (Faculty of Art & Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Rafeah Legino (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Characteristic of Local Traditional Pelangi Cloth Motifs

Pelangi cloth is a kind of local traditional textiles that decorated with the Malay motifs design. The motifs are composed by tying and running stitches technique on the surface of the fabric and then bathed with an appropriate colourful or use the paint brush (colek) technique.The result from the above method was inspired the bandhani's resist textile from the Indian Sub-Continent which started through trade by Arab and Gujarat traders to the Malay Peninsula in the 12th to 16th centuries. The textiles were then adapted and assimilated into local textile art culture and resulting in its style and identity. Unfortunately, the Pelangi cloth industry began to decline after the 1930s due to the development of the Batik Block fabric industry followed by the Screen Batik fabric that had been introduced around the 1920s. Circa 1960s and 1970s, the tie and dye textiles that were often mistaken as the Pelangi cloth were spread across the world including in Malaysia by the Western people, although the local Pelangi cloth motifs and design characteristic were very different from tie and dye fabrics. The objectives of this study are to identify the motifs characteristics of traditional local Pelangi cloths that have not been highlighted to the community since then. It is also to show more clearly how is the traditional Pelangi cloth motifs and design features so that the community will have clear interpretation and perception toward this textile. This research used field study methods, interviews and library studies. The novelty of this study is to clearly and accurately reveal the actual features of traditional Pelangi cloth motifs that are existing in this country to the local and international communities. The importance of this study is to avoid the constant misinterpretation and misperception of the local community today on our heritage Pelangi cloth compare to the related textiles which come from outside.

1640-1650 Nazzatul Izwanna (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Rafeah Legino (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Sustainable of Cultural in Printmaking Artworks on Redza Piyadasa Artworks

The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the sustainability of cultural that focusing on printmaking. Culture is made up of many elements, including religious and political systems, languages, clothing, customs tools, buildings, and artwork. Culture is what that shapes our identity and who we are. In art, there are various ways that we can sustain the theme of culture in the artworks making. Even the development in the art scene also can show us the function of art in sustain the cultural. Thus, the objectives of this study is to study the artworks that show the influences of the cultural in printmaking as the way to sustain cultural in the artworks making. To enhance this study, the research will be conducted in the form of the selected artist and artworks that using the cultural as the theme in their artworks with the data gathering via text and visual data analysis. The outcomes of the study should make an important contribution to field of the art scenes especially in printmaking. The cultural has been used as the inspirations in the artworks making since the early of the development of art in Malaysia and it has become the sources of inspirations to the artist to create the artworks by appreciating the cultural in their artworks and raising cultural appreciation in Malaysia.

1650-1700 Ai Na Seow; Yuen Onn Choong; Lin Sea Lau; Chee Keong Choong; Chun T'ing Loh; You-How Go; Suet Ling Ching; Kwang Jing Yii

Are Environmentally Responsible Behaviours Shaped by Environmental Facilitating Conditions and Antecedents of Attitudes the Case of Perak in Malaysia

Several important action plans have been taken by the government over the years when it comes to protecting the natural environment. Despite continuous efforts made in preserving natural areas in Perak, many ecological destinations are still suffering from environmental degradation. This may due to lack of attentiveness and examinations on environmental issues. The existing literatures indicate a limited number of investigations on the factors affecting environmentally responsible behaviour among tourists in Perak. Consequently, this research attempts to present the notion of understanding through the empirical studies on environmentally responsible behaviour for strategies development with an emphasis on the role of facilitating conditions. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS was used for analysis. The major findings show that environmental concern and environmental knowledge are important for environmental attitude in order to cultivate the environmentally responsible behaviour among the tourists. Conversely, environmental facilitating conditions are directly related to environmentally responsible behaviour instead of having the moderating effect on environmental attitude. This study contributed in reassuring the tourists' participation in the environmentally responsible behaviour with commitment in environmental concern and interest in knowledge towards environmental and sustainability issues while visiting natural sites. It is implied that the government should focus on enhancing the effectiveness of campaigns awareness to encourage responsible behaviour among tourists at the natural environment destinations.



6th Dec (1st session) (Track 3: MS & Track 6: GTSD) (Venue – R3) Chair: Prof Dr Norzaidi Mohd Daud, Co-chair: Dr Mohd Hafiz Mohd Hanafiah

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Yuen Fook Chan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Selvam Balaraman (Asia e University, Malaysia)

Transition from University to Industry: Challenges Faced by New Engineers in the Automotive Industry

The Malaysian automotive manufacturing industry is growing exponentially, but it faces shortage of the right skilled automotive manufacturing professionals to propel the industry to an unprecedented height. This research hypothesised that there are several challenges faced by new engineers in executing daily task due to knowledge gap. New engineers are not guided and trained sufficiently to undertake daily task to be more productive. Therefore, this research aims to identify the knowledge gap and challenges faced by new engineers in the automotive company in Malaysia. The scope of this research is confined to the theories of Human Capital, which relate to the capabilities and skills of an employee to improve job performance. A qualitative case study method has been employed for the analysis and comparison of data from public and private universities and automotive manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The identified target groups were human resource manager, manufacturing managers, new engineers and lecturers. These respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method, where the researcher identifies individuals who possess information relevant to the research. A triangulation analysis was used to validate the results by cross-referencing interpretations between different groups of respondents. This study concludes that training in industry has failed at certain aspects to produce new employees that meet current competency requirements, lead to the deterioration of employee work performance. In conclusion, this research validates the existence of a knowledge gap and acknowledges the need to overcome challenges faced by new engineers during their transition from academia to industry.

1410-1420 Siti Norfazlina Yusoff (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

e-Filing Readability and Taxpayers' Understanding

Readability of the e-Filing is vital to influence voluntary compliance among individual taxpayers. Conceptually, the e-Filing should be easily understood and comprehended by various education levels of taxpayers. The quality of language used and comprehensible meaning are important to meet the competency of taxpayers. Unfortunately, the complexity of the e-Filing has a potential for non-compliance behaviour. Taxpayers who are not competent to carry out their tax filing will have a frustration and confusion during the filing process. Excessive complexity in the tax law may have negative consequences on taxpayers' voluntary compliance. Therefore, it is important to measure the e-Filing readability level and match it with taxpayer's understanding. To measure the e-Filing readability, Flesch Reading Ease Readability (FRES) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Readability (F-KGL) will be used. The application of FRES and F-KGL are well-established by previous studies to measure the readability of written documents in taxation technical writing. To coordinate the readability of the e-Filing document and taxpayers' understanding of the e-Filing based on the survey (mean score), the different scales will be synchronised into one scale. This scale will then be categorised into low, medium, and high understanding.

1420-1430 Carol Boon Chui Teo (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Azra Syakira Binti Abdul Karim (Putra International College, Malaysia); Nur Afieqah Bt Mamud (Kolej Syuen, Malaysia); Wan Norhanis Hanini Wan Abdul Hamid (Business Development Officer, Malaysia)

Source Waste Separation Behavior Among Shah Alam Households

One of the main contentious recycling issues in Malaysia is household solid waste management. With solid waste build up and bottlenecks reaching its limit at landfills, local councils face uphill tasks to manage it. Solid source waste separation (SWS) for households was first officially enforced across eight states in Malaysia on 1 June 2016. However, Selangor has yet to enforce this system and is left to selected local councils to embark on pilot projects. It has been iterated that Selangor which has the largest population in Malaysia should adopt the law on mandatory SWS for households as it is already facing a garbage disposal crisis. Previous studies have been documented on recycling behavior but few delve into SWS. This paper examines household behavior towards SWS intention at Shah Alam. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, influences of attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavior control (PBC) towards SWS were determined. Methodology utilized interviews with two local councils and observations on household recycling behavior. Survey was administered on 150 households. Using PLS analysis, results indicate ATT and PBC have positive and significant influences on SWS intention while subjective norm was not significant. Findings had some implications on strategies for local councils in managing SWS system.



1430-1440 Nurul Nabilah Huda Mohamad Shukri (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Segmenting Consumer Purchase Intention Towards Edible Bird's Nest Products: Applying the Decision Tree Techniques

Malaysia exported edible bird's nest (EBN) products to several Southeast Asian countries. The last few years, the demand for functional or food supplements are rising as people are more affluent and aware about their health and appearance. In 2011, China has banned an export from Malaysia due to high nitrate (N03) content found which has caused difficulty to the industry. This has made import restriction becomes complicated and the market value for raw EBN to drop. As consumers' anxiety are rising, the issue with counterfeit EBN products in the market has caused severe price declination affecting Malaysian producers' earning by slower sales. Hence, this study aims is to analyze the influence of marketing mix toward intention in purchasing EBN products. A total of 500 structured questionnaire were distributed to targeted respondents using simple random sampling technique. Descriptive analysis, principle component analysis and decision tree models were used to analyses the data. Comparison of the performance of three decision tree models were based on accuracy and sensitivity. Results show that all three models accuracy rate are quite similar (CART = 70.68%, C5.0 = 69.88%, QUEST = 69.48%), while CART has the highest sensitivity (CART = 73.8%, C5.0 = 70.89%, QUEST = 71.39%). The important variables that influence purchase intention were health conscious, employment, product attributes, income and age. This study provides an approach with more informative customers' profile through the performance prediction which will be useful to target potential consumers and to narrow down the market segment for the marketers' benefit.

1440-1450 Setyani Dwi Lestari, Dindin Syabarudin and Cut Zurnali (Budi Luhur University, Indonesia)

The Influence of Work Environment, Competence and Compensation on Employee Performance Through Intervening Variable Job Satisfaction at Bank BJB Tangerang Branch

This study aims to analyze the influence of Work Environment, Competence and Compensation Against Employee Performance Through Intervening Variable Job Satisfaction At Bank BJB Tangerang Branch. In essence, performance is the end result to be achieved by an organization. Achievement of good performance will not be realized without the support of qualified human resources. The object of research in this research is employees of Bank BJB Branch Tangerang, which amounts to 80 people. So the authors take the object of research on employees of Bank BJB Branch Tangerang, where all the population used as the subject of research and no sample research, then this study using the census method. The method of analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that (1) Work Environment has positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction, (2) Competence has positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction, (3) Compensation has positive and significant effect to Job Satisfaction, (4) (6) Competence has a positive and significant impact on Employee Performance, (7) Compensation has positive and significant impact to Employee Performance, (8) Work Environment, Competence And Compensation Simultaneously on Work Satisfaction, and (9) Work Environment, Competence, Compensation, and Job Satisfaction Simultaneously affect Towards Employee Performance.

1450-1500 Siti Hajar Nadrah Mohamad Ghouse (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Noryati Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norhana Salamudin (IBE, AAGBS, Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Contrarian Strategies in Developing Asian Countries: Dogs of the Dow Theory (DoD) Versus Puppies of the Dow Theory (PoD)

This paper tries to test the ability of Dogs of the Dow Theory (DoD) and Puppies of the Dow Theory (PoD) to outperform the market returns of the four developing Asian countries from 2000 until 2014. Although empirical findings indicate that these two strategies appear to outperform the individual markets respectively however the results of the t-test do not show them to be statistically significant. This paper further tests the capability of these trading strategies in beating the market return during economic crisis of 2002, 2008 and 2011. Empirical results across these developing Asian countries revealed that in long run, both DoD and PoD portfolios are still applicable despite of mixed performance throughout the economic crisis period. DoD and PoD trading strategies are able to beat the market returns in Malaysia and Thailand during those crises but not in the Chinese share market. In the case of the Indonesian share market, these two strategies outperform the market only during the year 2002 and 2008 crises. Results of the t-test between the abnormal returns of the two strategies appear to be insignificant. This implies that the effectiveness of two strategies remain inconclusive.



1500-1510 Nur Hamizah Mohd Zaki (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Oskar Hasdinor Hassan (Faculty of Arts and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ab Malik Marwan Ali (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Understanding the Electronic Transition of Normal Spinel Structure of Co 3 O 4 Using GGA+U Calculations

The normal spinel cobalt oxide Co3O4 considered as magnetic semiconducting comprising cobalt ions with two oxidation states of Co2+ and Co3+. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation are employed to generate the structural, electronic and optical properties using Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) functional. The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh for solids (PBEsol) exchange-correlation functional approach successful predict the semiconductor behavior of Co3O4 but severely underestimates the band gap in relation to experimental value. The GGA+U are performed in order to treat the Co-3d states and achieve the band gap (1.26eV) agrees to experimental results. For optical studies, here we unveil the predicted three assumption electron transition occur in Co3O4 for O(2p)→Co2+(t2g), O(2p)→Co3+(eg) and Co3+(t2g)→Co2+(t2g). 1510-1520 Soon Kong Yong and Jesielyna Leyom (Universiti

Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Chia-Chay Tay (Universiti Teknologi MARA); Suhaimi Abdul-Talib (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Sorption of Lead from Aqueous System Using Cocoa Pod Husk Biochar: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was pyrolyzed at 500°C to produce biochar (CPHB) for sorption of lead (Pb) from aqueous system. Chemical characterization for CPHB was conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Boehm titration and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Sorption parameters for CPHB (i.e., sorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and input Pb concentration) were optimized. Elemental compositions for CPHB are C (66%w/w), O (19%w/w), and N (2%w/w). The ash content of CPHB consists of calcium oxide (CaO) (4.6%w/w) and potassium oxide (K2O) (4.2%w/w), with negligible content of heavy metals (1%w/w). Upon treatment with artificial Pb wastewater, FTIR spectra for CPHB revealed shifting of �asymm(COO-) and �symm(COO-) bands from 1560 cm-1 to 1575 cm-1 and 1416 cm-1 to 1398 cm-1, respectively. The optimum sorption parameters were determined (i.e., sorbent dosage: 1.0 g/L; pH 5; input Pb concentration; 50 mg/L; and sorption time: 210 minutes). Sorption of Pb by CPHB was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2= 0.835), and Langmuir isotherm model (R2= 0.962). The maximum Langmuir Pb sorption capacity for CPHB (qmax) was 69.9 mg/g. Sorption of Pb by CPHB may have occurred through (1) coordination with polar groups (i.e., carboxylate and phenolate) and (2) precipitation with alkaline materials (i.e., CaO and K2O).

1520-1530 Nofri Yenita Dahlan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad Amiruddin Mohammad Aris (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Zaharah Sakimin (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Duc Luong Nguyen (National University of Civil Engineering, Vietnam)

Energy and Climate Analysis of Greenhouse System for Tomatoes Cultivation Using CFD and OpenStudio EnergyPlus Software

Tomatoes plants are sensitive toward climate changes thus affecting growth development and pollination of the plant. This study was conducted to asses an energy performance and environment in greenhouse agriculture to support tomatoes cultivation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Open Studio EnergyPlus software. To achieve an efficient energy performance balance with environment in tomato greenhouse, architectural and engineering design have been integrated in the study. Analyses on indoor environment and energy consumption of the greenhouse are carried out by installing various electrical equipment such as exhaust fans and humidifier in the greenhouse to meet indoor environment requirement of good tomato cultivation. Three properties of the greenhouse were monitored such as temperature, relative humidity, and energy consumption in the greenhouse. Results show that the proposed greenhouse model in this study could meet the required temperature and relative humidity for good tomatoes cultivation.



6th Dec (2nd session) (Track 6: GTSD) (Venue – R3) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Arnis Asmat, Co-chair: Dr Norfashiha Hashim

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Idris Saad, Wardatul Hayah Ab Rashid and Nur Hidayah Saidon (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Effect of Adding RON97 into Waste Cooking Oil as Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine

Based on the fact that the petroleum based fuel reserves is depleting drastically due to high demand to sustain the better lifestyle, then this paper presented the utilization of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as alternative fuel for diesel engine. Although WCO and conventional diesel fuel has similar physiochemical properties, but the properties of WCO is considered as poorer than conventional diesel fuel since the viscosity and density of WCO are higher as well as its calorific value is poorer than conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, in this project, the unmodified WCO was blended with petrol fuel grade RON97 since RON 97 has lower density and viscosity than most of other internal combustion engine fuels. The blending process is using splash mixture and five (5) blended fuels samples were prepared from five (5) percent of volume base to 25 percent volume base with five (5) percent step increment. The density and calorific value of the all fuel blend samples together with unmodified WCO were measured and compared to the conventional diesel and RON97 fuels. Each of the fuel blended and conventional diesel were then used to run in single cylinder diesel engine. The performance characteristic of the engine was recorded at different engine speed ranging between 1500 and 3000 rpm. The results found that all results from fuel blended were still poorer than the one who run with conventional diesel fuel, but by adding 15 percent of RON97 into unmodified WCO, the results considered closed to the conventional diesel fuel.

1610-1620 Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai (Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang, Malaysia); Nur Farah Wahida Abdul Wahid Baki, Gaanty Pragas Maniam and Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim (Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia)

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Production from Waste Catfish Fat (Pangasius Hypothalamus) Using barnacle-ZnO as a Catalyst

The abundance and diverse populations of Barnacle shells catching the intention as a source of calcium oxide catalyst to transesterify waste catfish fat into a methyl ester. Calcium oxide supported with zinc oxide was prepared by ball milling method at 1:2 ratio, calcined for 3 h at 400 °C. The characterization of catalyst revealed both metals were well integrated into a bimetallic oxide. The optimal conditions were found to be: methanol/oil mass ratio, 10:1; catalyst amount, 11 wt% at the reaction temperature, 65 °C with 3 h of reaction time achieving 85.7% of methyl ester conversion. Both feedstock and catalyst from waste source have been successfully utilized to produce biodiesel.

1620-1630 Nor Jihan Abd Malek (SEGi University, Malaysia); Rohana Hassan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Azmi Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Hussein Mohammed Hussein Almanea and Horng Tee (SEGi University, Malaysia)

Parallely Loaded to Grain Dowel-bearing Strength of Mengkulang, Kempas and Pine Glulam

Dowel-bearing strength is a significant parameter for designing wood connection. The strength of timber connection can be influenced by the bolt diameter, wood grain direction either parallel or perpendicular, thickness of wood, moisture content and other parameters. The dowel-bearing strength test was conducted with 12 mm bolt diameter dowel, for three different types of timber species which are Mengkulang, Kempas and Pine glulam. The dowel was placed parallel to the timber grain direction with a glue line at the center of the half-hole test. The 5% diameter offset load (F5%) for dowel-bearing strength (Fy) was determined using of ASTM D 5764-97a whereas the dowel-bearing strength (Fh) was determined based on BS EN 383: 2007. The results of the three different types of wood showed that the Malaysian timber Kempas and Mengkulang were 51.740% and 32.966% higher than the European timber Pine. Thus, the results of the dowel-bearing strengths (Fh) with the used of BS EN 383: 2007 gave higher values compared to ASTM D 5764-97a.



1630-1640 Nor Jihan Abd Malek (SEGi University, Malaysia); Rohana Hassan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Azmi Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohammed Hasan Al-hebshi (SEGi University, Malaysia)

Shear Block Test Performance of Melunak and Mengkulang

This paper presented about shear block test performance of tropical glued-laminated timber (glulam) from species of Melunak and Mengkulang. Glulam blocks were manufactured in accordance with MS758:2001. The shear block test with glue lines and the shear strength values of Melunak and Mengkulang was conducted and evaluated in accordance with BS EN 392:1992. Melunak and Mengkulang have shown a performance in shear with average shear strength value of 10.62 N/mm2 and 8.19 N/mm2 respectively. In terms of wood and glue failure percentage the result showed that Melunak and Mengkulang mainly failed due to wood surface area and not due to the glue lamination in which both Melunak and Mengkulang showed good bonding performance.

1640-1650 Mohd Hanif Mat Muhammad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Aman M.I Bin Mamat (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Wan Saiful-Islam Wan Salim (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia)

Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle and Electric Turbo Compounding for Waste Heat Recovery

With increasingly stringent legislation on current emission standards, car manufacturers are focusing on increasing the efficiency of their engines with the development of advanced waste heat recovery (WHR) technology. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC) systems are systems with the potential to be used in exhaust energy recovery. This paper compares the exergy availability and losses between the ORC and the ETC. In this particular study, exhaust data from the Proton 1.6L CamPro CFE turbocharged engine was used. This particular engine already has a main turbocharger, making the added WHR as a secondary recovery system to further increase the engine efficiency. Both systems are coupled to a 1 kW electric generator for ease of comparisons. First, the available exergy is calculated for both WHR technologies. Exergy losses from rotating the generator are analysed to finally determine the thermal efficiency of the overall system. Exergy calculation is simplified to only account for chemical and physical exergy since kinetic and potential energy are negligible in comparison. Available exergy for ORC was significantly high which went up to 12.5 kW with the exergy losses recorded at 9.7 kW. The ETC achieved only 5 kW but had a small loss at 8x10^-3 kW. Average thermal efficiency of the ORC systems was 10.7% compared to ETC which was 58.7%. It can be concluded that the complexity of the ORC system contributes to its downfall where multiple components increase its exergy losses compared to the simplistic design of an ETC.

1650-1700 Sallehan Ismail (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia); Wan Nur Syazwani Wan Mohammad and Mohammad Asri Abd Hamid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mahyuddin Ramli (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia)

Diversified Production of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Mix with the Addition of Single and Hybrid Fibers

The low strength property of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) limits its widespread application in the production of high-strength recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). In this study, the properties of RCA were improved by surface treatment prior to its incorporation into an RAC mixture. This mixture was subsequently diversified by considering the benefits of adding various fiber-reinforced systems to enhance the performance of RAC. Two different types of short discrete synthetic fiber, namely, polyolefin and polypropylene, were added in single and hybrid forms. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the diversified modification of RAC mixture production on the mechanical strength of the resulting RAC. Changes on the various properties of the modified RAC were analyzed. The findings indicated that, although the modified RAC mixture using treated RCA significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of RAC, the diversification of the RAC mixture with additional polyolefin and polypropylene fibers, particularly in the hybrid form, further optimized the RAC performance.

1700-1710 Nabila Talib (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Rozi Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA & Textile Research Center, Malaysia); Muhammad Ismail Ab Kadir and Khudzir Ismail (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad Faiz Che Rahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Natural Dye Extraction from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Sp.) via Response Surface Methodology

This paper discusses the effects of two main parameters (pressure and temperature) in SC-CO2 extraction of Sargassum sp. through response surface methodology (RSM). Perturbation plot shown significant effects of all process parameters on the yield of extract. Experimental design software was designated to achieve optimization on the process situations pertaining maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions perceived were at pressure of 4500psi and temperature of 65°C. The yield of extract was expected to be 2.7mg-extract/g-dried sample under the optimum conditions. The yield of extract was then further analysed via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and it was found that Sargassum sp. contains sterols, pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl ester, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester and phytol which are the constituents of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial properties.



1710-1720 Nurul Fariha Mohd Idrus, Nurul' Ain Jamion, Qistina Omar and Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Md Ghazali (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zaiton Abdul Majid (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Soon Kong Yong (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Impregnation of Sawdust Biochar with Magnesium for Precipitation of Struvite from Urine

Biochar has an alkaline and porous nature, and may be a potential material for recycling phosphorous (P) from urine for immobilizing Pb in soil. Sawdust (SD) was pyrolyzed to produced sawdust biochar (SDB), and then impregnated with magnesium to produce magnesium-modified biochar (SDBM). Artificial human urine (AHU) solution was used for batch sorption study, and various sorption parameters (i.e., sorbent/solution ratio, solution pH, and initial total P concentration of AHU) were optimized. The concentration of total P was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The surface morphology and elemental analysis for SDB, SDBM and the struvite-loaded SDBM (SMSDB) were investigated using scanning electron spectroscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Total P sorption capacity for SDBM (32755 mg/g) is higher than that of SDB (7782 mg/g) and SD (10682 mg/g). The optimum total P removal for SDBM (21.2%) was achieved at a sorbent/solution ratio of 0.06g/L at pH 9. Sorption of total P may have occurred on the heterogeneous surface SDBM with several layers adsorption mechanism. The presence of struvite crystals indicates that phosphate-P was adsorbed and then precipitated on the surface of SDBM.



6th Dec (1st session) (Track 5: FMIA) (Venue – R4) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Aidah Jumahat, Co-chair: Pn Mardziah Che Murad

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Syaidah Dzolin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Hadariah Bahron and Yusairie Mohd (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nor Zakiah Nor Hashim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nurul Huda Abdul Halim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Retardation of Mild Steel Corrosion in Analogous Schiff Bases with Different Electronic Environments

Two Schiff bases namely (E)-2-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol (SB1) and (E)-2-methoxy-6-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol (SB2) were produced via reaction of phenylamine with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldenyde, respectively. The structures were elucidated through spectral and physicochemical techniques of melting point, elemental analysis (C, H and N), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The distinctive (C=N) and (OH) peaks for SB1 and SB2 appeared at 1615 and 1613 cm-1 and at 13.27 and 13.37 ppm, respectively. Electrodeposit both compounds on mild steel at 0.05 M concentration in 0.3 M NaOH was established through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Yellow and brownish Schiff base layers were observed to be formed on the mild steel specimens. The coated and uncoated mild steel was tested for their corrosion behavior using the Tafel Extrapolation Method (TEM) in 0.5 M NaCl. The mild steel coated with SB2 through CA technique at potential +0.90 V showed the highest inhibition efficiency, hence indicating a superior surface coverage, with 97.20 % inhibition efficiency; while SB1 recorded the highest inhibition efficiency of 93.83 % at coating potential of +1.35 V.

1410-1420 Kevin Alvin Eswar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sabah; NANO-SciTech Centre (NST), Malaysia); Muliyadi Guliling (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sabah, Malaysia); Mohd Husairi Fadzilah Suhaimi (Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zuraida Khusaimi (NANO-SciTech Centre, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Structural Studies of ZnO Nanostructures on Porous Silicon: Effect of Post-annealing Temperature

ZnO Nanostructures have been successfully deposited on of Porous silicon (PSi) via wet colloid chemical approach. PSi was prepared by electrochemical etching method. ZnO/PSi thin films were annealed in different temperature in the range of 300 °C to 700 °C. Surface morphology studies was conducted using field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). Flower-like structures of ZnO were clearly seen at annealing temperature of 500 °C. The X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) has been used to investigate the structural properties. There are three dominant peaks referred to plane (100), (002) and (101) indicates that ZnO has a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structures. Plane (002) shows the highest intensities at annealing temperature of 500 °C. Based on plane (002) analysis, the sizes were in range of 30.78 nm to 55.18. In addition, it was found that the texture coefficient of plane (002) is stable compared to plane (100) and (101).

1420-1430 Wan Rosmaria Wan Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Effects of Sn Doping on α-Fe2O3 Nanostructures Properties

In this study, undoped and Sn-doped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures with variation of Sn (0.5, 1, 2, 3 at. %) were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate using sonicated immersion method. The effect of Sn-doping on structural and crystallinity properties were investigated by characterizing FESEM and XRD respectively, while the optical properties were measured by UV-Vis spectrometer. The surface morphologies from FESEM have shown that the hematite nanostructures were grown uniformly in all samples. However, as the dopant atomic percentage increase, the amount of hematite nanostructure being deposited on the FTO decreased. The obtained results have shown that the amount of Sn-doping was undoubtedly influence the structural, optical and electrical properties of hematite nanostructures.


1430-1440 Rosnah Zakaria and Ab Malik Marwan Bin Ali (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya (National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohamad Fariz Mohamad Taib (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Oskar Hasdinor Hassan (Faculty of Arts and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Conductivity Studies of Dragon Fruit Dye for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Natural pigments such as anthocyanin, carotenoid, flavonoids, and chlorophyll can be considered as promising alternative sensitizer dyes for DSSC to replace synthetic dye such as N719 because of their simple preparation technique, low cost, complete biodegradation, easy availability, purity grade, environmental friendliness, and most importantly and high reduction of noble metal. The UV-Vis spectra were used to observe the absorption spectra of different extracting solvent for dragon fruit dye. While Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified the functional components of the dyes and impedance spectroscopy can give conductivity data of the DSSC fabricated. Dragon fruit's dye which is extracted with ethanol resulted had a lower absorbance at 518 nm compared to dragon fruit dye extracted with distilled water at 521 nm. The presence of carboxyl group contained in Betalains pigment at a range of 400 - 700 nm promotes strong hydrogen bonding, towards high characteristic and observes a large shift to lower frequencies. The presence of COOH stretching vibration confirms the carboxyl group of Betalains derivatives in dragon fruit dye. The conductivity measured at room temperature, 27°C, the boiling point, 100°C and 130°C. The highest electrical conductivity belong to dragon fruit dye diluted with distilled water (D-DI) is 183 Scm-1 at 100 °C and for dragon fruit dye diluted with ethanol (D-Etha) is 9.56×10-1 Scm-1 at 130°C. It shows that the distilled water is the best solvent for a natural dye.

1440-1450 Khairunnisa Nasir, Ruhizan Liza Ahmad Shauri, Norshariza Mohd Salleh and Nurul Hanani Remeli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norlaila Omar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Implementation of Two-Axis Position-Based Impedance Control with Inverse Kinematics Solution for a 2-DOF Robotic Finger

Position-based impedance control is a force control approach which consists of a single control law that accommodates the external force to achieve the desired dynamics of the body. A previously developed three-fingered robot hand was very rigid in its motion due to the application of position control alone. The position control scheme were inadequate for the tasks that involves the interaction of a robot end-effector with its environment which could damage fragile objects or be prone to slippage when provided with incorrect object's position. This paper introduces the application of two-axis position-based impedance control to one of the 2 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic finger of the robot hand. The goal of the control is to produce a mass-spring-dashpot system for the robot hand which considers the external force exerted by the object or environment onto the finger to modify the targeted position of the robot's tip-end. The position-based impedance control which was successfully performed however could not directly drive the DC-micromotors at the finger joints since it was expressed in the Cartesian position (X,Y,Z) form. Therefore, inverse kinematics was derived using geometrical approach to convert the Cartesian position (X,Y,Z) to angle position of motor which is controlled by PID. The proposed control and the developed kinematics were programmed using Matlab Simulink and tested in real-time experiments. The validation result has proven that the proposed position-based impedance control could modify the initial fingertip position according to the amount and direction of the applied external force, thus produced softness to the robotic finger.

1450-1500 Zahidah Othman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Al-Nanostructured Film Coating for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel

Nanostructured film coating is very potential in coating industries, especially in oil and gas industries, and automotive. This type of coating expected will be improved three times longer than a normal coating in corrosion protection rate. The nanoparticles will fill up the uneven surface substrate at the size of nanometer compared to the normal coating only cover the substrate surface. The void will be created between the substrate and coating material. This void is become weak point and will initiate corrosion activities. In this work Aluminum nanostructures coating was deposited on mild steel surface by a D.C. thermal evaporator system with various value of evaporation power and time exposure. The formation of nanostructures coating was measured by FESEM and LPR. The results show the formation of nanostructures film coated on mild steel with different particles size depend to the parameters. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by polarization curves (anodic and cathodic) in aerated 5.0% NaCl solution.




1510-1520 Mohd Shariman A. Aziz, Aziz (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Effect of Channel Length on Phase Transition of Phase Change Memory

The phase transition of germanium antimony tellurium (GST) and the temperature of GST were investigated using COMSOL Multiphysic 5.0 software. Silicon carbide was used as a heater layer in the separate heater structure of PCM. These simulations have a different channel of SiC. The temperature of GST and the phase transition of GST can be obtained from the simulation. From the simulation, the 300 nm channel of SiC can change the GST from amorphous to crystalline state at 0.7V with 100 ns pulse width. The 800 nm channel of SiC can change the GST from amorphous to crystalline state at 1.0V with 100 ns pulse width.Based on the result, the channel of SIC can affect the temperature of GST and the GST changes from amorphous state to crystalline state. When the channel of SiC decreased, the temperature of GST increased, resulting the GST to change phases from amorphous to crystalline state quickly.

1500-1510 Shahrul Nizam Ahmad and Hadariah Bahron (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Amalina Mohd Tajuddin (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Tetradentate Palladium (II) Salophen Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activities in Copper - free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of three salophen ligands; 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis (methanylylidene))diphenol [L1H], 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-chlorophenol) [L1C] and 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-methoxylphenol) [L1OME]. The compounds were prepared from condensation reaction between salicylaldehyde, and its derivatives, with ortho-phenylenediamine. Their palladium(II) complexes, namely PdL1H, PdL1C and PdL1OME were synthesized through insertion reaction between the ligands with palladium(II) acetate. All compounds were characterized through melting point, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity. Palladium(II) complexes were tested as homogenous catalysts in copper-free Sonogashira coupling reaction between iodobenzene and phenylacetylene in DMSO using trimethylamine as base with 1.0 mmol% catalyst loading. The most performing catalyst was PdL1OME with 91% conversion followed by PdL1H (83%) and PdL1C (27%).


6th Dec (2nd session) (Track 4: PLS – R4) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad Co-chair: Dr Maimunah Mustakim

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Nurhasniza Idham Abu Hasan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norazan Mohamed Ramli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Khairul Asri Mohd Ghani (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Khairul Izan Mohd Ghani (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia); Nor Azura Md Ghani (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Prognostic Factors for Long-Term Survival Among Rheumatics Heart Disease Patients Using Cox Proportional Hazard Cure Model

Background -In practice, it is important to assess whether the proportion of long-term survivors has significantly justified with the sufficient length of follow-up before fitting into cure model. The ideal of follow-up for each subject should be, theoretically, followed until death from a specific disease, but it is impossible to do so in practice. As a result large censored observation may appear in which after an extended follow-up, no further event are observed and some of them may be considered as cured or long-term survivor. But, how long a subject's follow-up is sufficient enough in the sense that we can consider censored observations as having a long-term survivor. Naturally the issues of long-term survivors and sufficient follow-up in principle are needed to combine together. This paper brings a great interest into consideration on both sufficient follow-up and long-survivors as a measure the chances of being cured. The study is illustrated with an application of survival data on Rheumatic Heart Disease patients. Methods -The sufficiency of the follow-up was tested with two tests such as simulation table and Sn-tests before using Cox Proportional Hazard Cure model. Results- The results for both tests conclude that the length of follow-up is sufficient and also supported by the long-plateau tail in the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Conclusions -The sufficient follow-up test is very important to ensure the sufficient follow-up before modelling using cure model.

1610-1620 Rozzana Mohd Said (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nur Rohmah Suwandi (STIKes Aisyiyah Bandung, Indonesia); Hamzah Fansuri and Mizaton Hazizul Hasan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Effect of Freeze-Dried Strawberry Powder on Epididymal Sperm Parameters in Obese Male Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet

Obesity has negative effects on reproductive performance in the male by physical and hormonal changes resulting in multiple metabolic abnormalities and oxidative stress. In turn, this contributes to decrease sperm parameters. Anti-obesity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that found in strawberry have potential to overcome these abnormalities. Male Wistar rats (n=7) as a control group (standard diet) and Obese male Wistar rats (n=28) were randomly divided into a High Fat Diet (HFD) group, and HFD supplemented with 1.25 %, 3.4 % and 6 % strawberry powder (HFSP). After 12 weeks the weights of the body, body fat, some reproductive organs, and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and epididymal sperm was analyzed using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and conventional analysis. Compared with the control group, the final body weight, weight gain, BMI and body fat weight were significantly higher in HFD group, while prostate gland, seminal vesicle, and testicle weight were lower. FDSP treatment induced body and body fat weight loss, decreased BMI and increased prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and testicle weight (P<0.05). FDSP treatment also improved sperm parameters reduction caused by HFD induction effects on sperm count, concentration (SC), percent normal morphology, motility (MOT), elongation, progressive motility (PRG), progressive velocity (VSL), Path velocity (VAP), Track Speed Velocity (VCL), linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR). These improvements possibly due to the effect of weight loss, and correction from metabolic disorder and oxidative stress by strawberry.

1620-1630 Athirah Adam (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norrizah Jaafar Sidik (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nurul Osman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nur Rezali (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Effects of Different Culture System for Micropropagation of in Vitro Plantlets Melastoma Decemfidum

The current work involve micropropagation of in vitro plantlets Melastoma decemfidum via different culture system as agar gelled cultures, permanent liquid cultures and temporary immersion bioreactor. Inside temporary immersion bioreactor, in vitro plantlets is temporary immerse by liquid nutrient medium. Technological benefits have been shown in temporary immersion bioreactor bring to quantitative benefits such as highest proliferation rate and reduction of production cost in comparison with both solid and liquid culture systems. As the results, in vitro plantlets cultures in temporary immersion give highest growth rate with significance differences (p<0.05) on shoot multiplication (4.62 ± 0.39) , shoot length (0.34 ± 0.03) and leaves number (10.67 ± 0.62) as compared to permanent liquid cultures and agar gelled cultures. In this study, in vitro propagation of M. decemfidum has been successfully optimized using temporary immersion bioreactor.



1630-1640 Izdinur Anuar; Aziyah Abdul-Aziz, Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad, Zaini Mohd Zain and Mohd Faiz Foong Abdullah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Detection of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococci and SCCmec Type I-V of Staphylococcus Capitis Isolates from a Malaysian Hospital

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomes carrying the mecA gene (SCCmec) confers resistant to methicillin and a number of β-lactam antibiotics in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The SCCmec can be transferred to other staphylococcal species which are commensals on the human body. Seventeen clinical isolates of Staphylococcus capitis were tested for the presence of SCCmec type I to V using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and their correlation to resistance towards Cefoxitin and Oxacillin. Results shows that all isolates (100%) were found to be resistant to Cefoxitin and Oxacillin. The presence of multiple SCCmec types in a single isolate is common. A total of 11 out of 17 isolates carry all five types of SCCmec elements tested. About 94% of isolates were positive for the presence of the mecA gene and SCCmec type V, while 88% of isolates show positive results for SCCmec type II and III and 82% of isolates were positive for both SCCmec type I and IV. Only one isolate tested negative for SCCmec typing and mecA despite being resistant to Cefoxitin and Oxacillin.

1640-1650 Nurul 'Izzah Mohd Sarmin, Hasnah Begum Said Gulam Khan, Nik Mohd Mazuan Nik Mohd Rosdy, Nurul Hana' Mahmud and Nurul Najwa Adiba Jawahir (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Quantitative Monitoring of Microbial Contamination to Increase Awareness in Cross Infection Control During Dental Practice

Occupational hazards linked to dental practice are not a recent problem. The aim of this study is to investigate quantitatively airborne microbial load in dental clinic environment during routine treatment and to evaluate the microbial contamination in dental unit water line system (DUWLs). Air was sampled by using settled plate method on the different clinical treatment operative dentistry, periodontology, prosthodontic, paediatric and oral surgery. While, water samples were collected from DUWLs. Both samples were taken from Citrine and Zircon clinics. Following air and water sampling, chocolate blood agar and nutrient agar plates respectively were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The difference in the contamination level between different clinical environments and the rooms where there is no treatment done was statistically significant (P<0.05). Overall, operative treatment has the highest bacterial contamination at the end of treatment (38 ± 8 CFU/m³), while oral surgery treatment has the lowest bacterial contamination at the end of treatment (14±3 CFU/m³). Results for microbial contamination of DUWLs between old model DUWLs in Zircon clinic and new models DUWLs in Citrine clinic was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The highest bacterial count is from air-water syringe (60 CFU/mL). Bacterial counts during operative treatment in Citrine clinic was the most highest maybe due to the active usage of high-speed handpieces and scaler. The result from water sampling shown that DUWLs in both Citrine and Zircon was far below the recommendation from American Dental Association (ADA) to have not more than 200 CFU/mL and is of drinking water quality.

1650-1700 Marsita Abd Razak (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Abu Bakar Majeed (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Tommy Julianto Bustami Effendi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Rakesh Kumar Mishra (Meghmani Organics Limited, Malaysia)

Intranasal Delivery of Memantine Hydrochloride Loaded Poly N-Vinyl Caprolactam Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release Study

Blood brain barrier (BBB) isolates the brain from circulating blood and poses intimidating challenge for the entry of various neuroprotective compounds into the brain. Ideally, intranasal delivery is a non-invasive approach where drug reaches the brain within a minute post-administration through the olfactory neurons. Memantine is used to alleviate symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. However, its hydrophilicity restricts entry to the brain compromising its bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. This study aims to formulate and characterize the MEM loaded novel poly N-vinyl caprolactam (PNVC) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve brain targeting of MEM via the intranasal route. Novel PNVC NPs were synthesized using the aqueous dispersion polymerization (ADP) method. The remote loading method was used to load MEM into the polymer NPs, followed by characterization with Fourier transformation, infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and zeta (ζ) potential analysis. The dialysis bag and LCMS methods were used for drug release analysis and quantification, respectively. DSC thermogram showed no melting peak of MEM indicating molecular dispersion of the drug in the NPs. Laser diffraction showed homogeneous distribution of narrow particle (50-250 nm) and ζ potential analysis indicated negative surface charge on the nanoparticle surface. These observations together with other characterization data suggest a stable formulation. Drug release pattern showed an initial burst followed by a steady release, suggestive of a sustained release preparation. Collectively, the observations justify a future in vivo study to quantify the release of intranasal drug into the brain.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE th

ON SCIENCE & SOCIAL RESEARCH4‘Translating Research Into Impact’38


1700-1710 Mizaton Hazizul Hasan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Maisarah Mohd Zin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ibtisam Abdul Wahab (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Thellie Ponto (Curtin University, Perth, Australia); Aishah Adam (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Myrmecodia Platytyrea Aqueous Tuber Extract Inhibits Pain

Myrmecodia platytyrea, locally known as Sarang semut is an epiphytic plant mainly found throughout the entire Indonesian Archipelago, the Philippines, Papuasia and its associated islands, Solomon Island and the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. Myrmecodia sp. has been used as a remedy to treat minor ailments to severe diseases such as hyperuricemia, tuberculosis and cancer by local people of Indonesia. In this study, the analgesic effect of Myrmecodia platytyrea tuber aqueous extract (MPAE) was investigated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and acetic acid-induced writhing test. In both studies, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, a non-steroidal inflammatory drug) (200 mg/kg) was used as a standard reference. In the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, edema was quantified by measuring the hind rat paw thickness after 4th hour of carrageenan induction and serum were used to determine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of MPAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), significantly reduced the edema thickness in a time-dependent manner. MPAE (100 and 400 mg/kg) was also able to reduce secretion of inflammatory mediators. As for acetic acid-induced writhing test on mice, significant inhibition of abdominal constriction induced by 0.6% of acetic acid was observed in mice treated with MPAE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o), when compared to control. These analgesic effects shown by MPAE may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics and phytosterol in this extract. Our study suggests that M. platytyrea tuber aqueous extract have potential to be developed as an antinociceptive agent.

1710-1720 Nur Syahira Mohammad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Poultry Farm Soil Mycoflora Diversity

A total of nine species of fungi were isolated from poultry farm soil at Meru, Klang. This study aims to isolate and identify species of soil mycoflora in chicken farm soil. Identification was performed based on morphological; microscopic and macroscopic and molecular tools by polymerase chain reactions before being were sent for sequencing. The soil samples taken underwent serial dilution and 10-3 and 10-4 were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for 2 -3 days at 25 °C. Nine different colonies were successfully identified using molecular tools, polymerase chain reactions. ITS 1 (forward) and ITS 4 (reverse) primer were used in this study. A total of six species from Aspergillus namely Aspergillus tamarii isolate TN-7, Aspergillus candidus strain KUFA 0062, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus versicolor strain LSDSF0101, Aspergillus protuberus strain KAS 6024 and the rest are Cephaliophora tropica strain xsd08001 and Lichtheimia ramosa strain R and two species from Penicillium which are Penicillium citrinum strain FIB SR4 and Penicillium citrinum isolate J33.

1720-1730 Ahmad Norasidi Mohd Raffie (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Navindra Kumari (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Jamal Houssaini (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norazah Ahmad (Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia); Zaini Mohd Zain (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Molecular Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance in Different Haemophilus Influenzae Serotypes

Antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is increasingly common and caused significant burden in patients' management and treatment. Factors contributing to the resistance vary in some strains and depend on genetic elements they possessed. In this study, we aim to determine the antibiotic resistant determinants in 18 clinical strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Serological typing performed on the strains has identified four strains to be H. influenzae type a (Hia) while fourteen were non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi). Antibiotic susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method was carried out to determine their susceptibility patterns against three antibiotics commonly used as treatment for their infections. Strains that exhibited resistance to ampicillin (AMP), tetracycline (TE) or co-trimoxazole (SXT) were selected and underwent plasmid detection by PCR. These strains also were tested for the presence of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and antibiotic resistance genes. Multiple resistances were only seen in NTHi with two strains exhibited resistant to all three antibiotics. AMP resistant gene (blaTEM-1) was detected in 7/8 AMP resistant strains; TE resistant genes, tet(B) was detected in 2/4 TE resistant strains and tet(M) in another 1/4 strains. Both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole resistant genes (dfrA1 and sul2) present in only 2/6 SXT resistant strains and the other 4/6 strains lack either gene. ICEs were not detected in Hia strains but present in six antibiotic resistant NTHi which represented by int and ofr51 genes. In conclusion, antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is independent to the presence of ICEs and the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance may differ among strains of Haemophilus influenza.




1730-1740 Muhamad Zulhusni Abdul Wahab (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Exploring Potential Neuroprotective Properties of Aqueous Centella Asiatica Extract in Chronic Stress-Induced Rats

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, is one of the traditional herbs consumed by many communities due to its wide range of applications and benefits. C. asiatica (CeA) contains essential bioactive compounds such as phenols, volatile oils, vitamins and minerals that provide the plant itself with beneficial medicinal benefits. The medicinal benefits of C. asiatica has been well documented and proven to prevent neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinsonism, promotes memory enhancement, and prevent oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of CeA against neurodegeneration induced by chronic stress. Administration of CeA at three different dosages (200 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day and 800 mg/kg/day) was conducted for a period of 21 days along with exposure to chronic stress. The histological structure of the hippocampus particularly at the dentate gyrus, hilus and CA3 were assessed using cresyl violet stain. The expression of c-fos protein were assessed to determine the neurogenesis activity. The administration of CeA significantly improves the thickness of dentate gyrus and lowers the amount of neuronal cell death. Additionally, CeA administration significantly alleviate the expression c-fos protein. Thus, this study indicates the protective effect of CeA against neurodegeneration from chronic stress exposure.

1740 1750


Siti Solihah Khaidir (Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia); Hadariah Bahron (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Amalina Mohd Tajuddin, Kalavathy Ramasamy and Siong Meng Lim (Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia)

High Nuclearity Cu(II) and Co(II) Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from O-Vanillin with Substituted M-Phenylenediamine

A polydentate Schiff base ligand (SB) was synthesized via condensation reaction between o-vanillin and Cl-m-phenylenediamine. Dinuclear complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) were prepared by conventional method with SB:metal ratio of 1:1 whereas tetranuclear complexes were obtained via microwave-assisted synthesis with SB:metal ratio of 1:2. Characterization was carried out through elemental analysis (C,H,N), molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The experimental data indicated that the metal ions of the dinuclear and tetranuclear complexes were coordinated to the ligand through azomethine nitrogen, methoxy oxygen and deprotonated phenolic oxygen. The effective magnetic moment values of Co(II) complexes suggested tetrahedral geometry with 3 unpaired electrons. The shifting of (C=N), (C-O)phenolic and (C-O)methoxy band to lower frequencies in all complexes indicated that coordination to metal centres occurred through these moieties. New weak peaks in the region 436 -559 cm-1 were assignable to (M-N) and (M-O). SB and its complexes were screened to be positive for anticancer activities against human colon cancer cell (HCT116). Tetranuclear Cu4SB and Co4SB metal complexes revealed IC50 values of 4.2 and 6.87, respectively; indicated to be more potent anticancer agents than the dinuclear counterparts and the parent ligand.

7th Dec (1st session) (Track 3: MS & Track 7: HDC – R1) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Syafinar Ismail, Co-chair: Dr Norol Hamiza Zamzuri

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Majidah Ain Mukhtar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Chemah Tamby Chik and Hashim Ariffin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Relationship of Foreign Workers Food Handling Knowledge and Their Job Competency: A Pilot Study

As a result of change in the locals' lifestyle and the booming tourism industry, the food service industry has becoming more attractive. Food and beverage sector is one of the leading sectors in the service area which comprises of both hospitality and tourism industry. This, in turn, has created a high demand for labor in the food service, resulting in the increase of employment of foreign workers from 9.1% in 2010 to 13.7% in 2015. The increment leads to the increase of food borne illnesses in Malaysia. However, to date, there is no formal food safety training available for these foreign workers. Additionally there is a lack of attempt to determine the food safety's knowledge status among foreign workers in Malaysia since the previous studies focuses more on specific age groups of local food handlers. Therefore, this study intend to explore how the foreign food handlers acquire their knowledge in food hygiene and the importance of training material tailored to these foreign workers. The expected outcome is a food safety training model tailored specifically for these foreign workers. The findings of the study will ensure the food is safe to be consumed, thus less money will be spent on healthcare cost due to food borne illness. 1410-1420 Noorhanaliza Mohtar (Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Malaysia); Sofiah Abd Rahman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Linking Contractor-Supplier Commitment in the Relationship of Customer Orientation, Channel Member and Company Performance in the Construction Industry

Construction is one of the industries that contribute to the Malaysian economy. Nevertheless, the Malaysian construction industry needs to continuously enhance its value chain efficiency and effectiveness to be a total solution provider in the globalised environment. The purpose of this paper is to establish a link between customer orientation, contractor supplier relationship and company performance. To allow for greater understanding in the field of supply chain management, this study observed into the relationship between the construction companies and their main building materials suppliers. This study employed the quantitative method where stratified random sampling and 235 self-administrated questionnaires were sent to respondents in the construction industry. The cronbach alpha for each dimension namely customer orientation, channel member relationship and company performance are 0.772, 0.616 and 0.838 respectively. The results revealed that customer orientation have positive and significant effects on contractor supplier relationship. It was also found that contractor supplier relationship has significant positive relationship towards company performance. This study focused solely on the companies in the construction industry and data collection was on a single respondent basis. The findings of this study underlines some implication and suggests that construction industry players adopt and emphasise such orientations in order to enhance their performance - operational and customer performance in particular. Future study may explore other industry and how it influenced channel members commitment to enhance company performance.

1420-1430 Erne Suzila Kassim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Hartini Jalil (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Examining the Motivational Factors of Green IT Intention: A Study on Government Organizations in Malaysia

The need for information system (IS) empirical research in investigating the factors that will promote to the adoption of green technologies has become essential. However, most of the published IS research either on green IT or green IS are focusing on actions, definitions and learning purposes. Additionally, in the Malaysian context, green IT has also become a national agenda and is now becoming a strategy enabler of the 2020 Malaysian Public Sector ICT Strategic Plan. However, the awareness about the importance of green IT practices is considerably low. Therefore, this study attempts to explore and examine influence of economic motivations on the adoption intention of green IT in the Malaysian public organizations. Since green IT is an emerging topic and there are small number of organizations that have obtained specific environmental management system certification such as MS 14001 in Malaysia, and they are limited to large companies with strong financial background, such effort is fundamental. Testing on the roles of economic, the study undertook the positivism approach by surveying the issue that employs public organizations as the respondents. Based on the SEM-PLS, there are evidences that green IT adoption intention is significantly predicted by eco-efficiency, eco-effectiveness, and eco-brand. Based on the findings, a green IT adoption model and framework could be established for safeguarding the environment from unnecessary e-waste. Hence, these insights could enable government agencies, stakeholders and policy makers to set a better green technology practices benchmarking in various industries.




1430-1440 S Safian (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); M. Azroll Ahmad (Faculty of Art and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); S. Bahari (Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Oskar Hasdinor Hassan (Faculty of Arts and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

A Conceptual Framework of Design and Material Process of Bagasse in Furniture Application

This paper presents on a conceptual framework of using bagasse as a potential material for furniture design application. Bagasse has been used as a material in several applications on mass production through industry via manufacturing process to produce end products but least notable empirical information has been detected in the literature on the role of bagasse in furniture design. The intriguing part related to sustainable natural material such as bagasse is that it has been classified under disposal component as this product has been discarded by hawkers in night market due to uncontrollable bins used which could be problematic. Hence, this conceptual framework paper will act as a guideline to both design for industry and manufacture through furniture mass manufacturing on material process as part of development design process. Furthermore, designer and manufacturer can collaborate together in natural mass manufacturing process in order to provide excellent solution in material process for further development especially in furniture design application.

1440-1450 Zairul Nurshazana Zainuddin, Suzana Sulaiman, Sharifah Fadzlon Abdul Hamid and Eley Suzana Kasim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norlaila Md Zin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nazreen Sahol Hamid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Ethical Champion Towards Business Sustainability: Malaysian Evidence

Creating a sustainable business is not merely environmental protection; an organization needs to ensure a balance between the organization's economic, environmental and social goals. The competitive environment puts a pressure to organizational leaders to meet customer need and stakeholder interest. Since finance accountants are closely involved in planning and coordinating the organizational decision-making process, managers of an organization are commonly the 'customers' of the finance accountants. One of the challenges facing the accounting profession involves developing ethical leadership. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine role of the organizations' leaders including finance accountants in embedding ethical conduct into the organizational strategic management and the contributions of finance accountants towards sustainable success of the organizations. Case study method was employed in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with key personnel from top management in two Malaysian property developers, who are very expert in the finance related matters. This study proved that the organizational leaders including the finance accountants of both organizations play a major role in the integration of ethics in the strategies for sustainability. They are the Ethical Champion, who needs to understand the model for delivering their projects and the risks attached to them.

1450-1500 Rashidah Ismail (UITM, Malaysia); Nur huda Nabihan Md Shahri and Nur Liyana Basir (UiTM, Malaysia)

Selecting the Most Significant Determinants That Contributes to Banks Profitability Using Principal Component Analysis

The existence of Islamic banks that grow rapidly in every corner of the world has caused strong competition among them and other conventional banks in Malaysia. This requires the banks management to choose wisely on the determinants that make them to remain strong and relevant in the Islamic banking sector. The main purpose of this study is to determine internal and external significant determinants for Islamic banks in Malaysia using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was applied in this study to measure the data sampling is acceptable and adequate. While, and Bartlett's Test is used to validate the internal and external component. The significant banking determinants selected for the study include deposit ratio, operating efficiency and market concentration. The internal and external significant determinants are Bank Size and Gross Domestic Product. The study utilized secondary data from year 2010 until year 2016 for 13 Islamic banks in Malaysia.

1500-1510 Ahmad Izzam Mohd Fimi and Rohana Kamaruddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Welfare Incentives and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Self Rated Well-being in Malaysia

Malaysia, among other countries around the world investing immense sum of money to improve social welfare systems by offering social safety net for the deserving ones that exposed to global uncertainties due to economic slowdown. As part of the gov-ernment initiative to boost the well-being, this study focus on BRIM (1Malaysia Peo-ples' Aid), KRIM (1Malaysia People's Grocery Store), BBIM (1Malaysia Book Voucher) and KIM (1Malaysia Clinics) under Government Transformation Programme (GTP). Specifically, the motivation of this study to identify the most effective and pre-ferred welfare incentives as well as the most significant incentives together with socio-demographic determinants using self-rated well-being by employing logistic regression analysis. Findings discovered that K1M has the highest mean (4.94) while the most preferred welfare incentives were BR1M (42%). As for logistic regression analysis, the finding shows that BR1M, KR1M and K1M were significant to influence well-being of people. As comparison, the most significant welfare incentive was BR1M as it has the most significant value at p-value 0.004 and the highest odds ratio at 4.689. Overall, these results suggest that people perceived BR1M as instant relief towards high cost of living and can affects their well-being without considering the socio-demographic backgrounds.


1510-1520 Junaidah Jamaluddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Malaysia); Norlaila Mohd Din (UiTM Pahang, Malaysia); Mohamad Azmi Nias Ahmad and Nur Syazwani Mohammad Fadzillah (Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Malaysia); Faizan Abd Jabar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nor Habibah Tarmuji (Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia)

The Effectiveness of an Innovative Tool for Teaching Published Financial Statements

Accounting students always presume accounting as a tough and boring subject. This is due to the fact that accounting course comprises professional papers that require many standards to be applied and many transactions to be recorded especially when preparing the financial report. Therefore, an innovative accounting tool was developed and integrated with interactive elements for teaching and learning. The objectives of the study are to investigate whether students who were taught using innovative accounting tool (experimental group) performed better than those students who were taught using the conventional method (control group) and to explore students' perception on the usage of innovative accounting tool in learning published financial statements. A sample of 90 students was selected for this study to determine the effectiveness of the tool. The researchers used descriptive statistics and independent t-test based on the test scores of students in the experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that students who were exposed to teaching tool performed better than those taught using conventional method. The required perception data was obtained by using questionnaires designed for a descriptive analysis. Most of the students (96.7%) agreed that the innovative accounting tool is an interesting, interactive and effective way of learning published financial statements. The results provide some valuable information to the university that may help lecturers ease up their difficult task of teaching advanced accounting courses. The tool is easy to understand and has the potential to be an alternative method of teaching effectively.

7th Dec (2nd session) (Track 6: GTSD - R1) Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Rohana Hassan, Co-chair: Dr. Ahmad Azman Mohd Anuar

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Zaizatul Zafflina Mohd Zaki (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Salsabila Kamel (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Effectiveness of Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus as a Turbidity Removal

High turbidity in water not only will reduce the quality of water itself but it can give impact to the ecosystem as well. In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation are the process involved in removing turbidity. Chemical coagulant such as Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) and Ferric Chloride are effective way and widely used in order to remove the turbidity in water. However, these chemical coagulants have a side effect in spite of the effectiveness in turbidity removal, the usage of alum and other chemical coagulants bring concerns due to its impact to the environment, human health and economy. Therefore, natural coagulant is another alternative for turbidity removal in water treatment. Natural coagulant is a plant based coagulant which can be used to replace chemical coagulants due to its cost-effective. This research is mainly conducted to make a comparison of the effectiveness of natural based coagulant which is Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus and chemical coagulant in improving the quality of raw water. In this research, it shows Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus can remove turbidity up to 60 percent with 40mg/L concentration.

1610-1620 Ricardo Sanchez (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico); Sabarinah Sh Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Leonardo Zeevaert and Arturo Valeriano (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico)

Characterization of the Thermal Behavior of the Full Scale Testing Module, Using 17.5 Percent of Glazing with Different Orientations in Mexico City

The study aims to understand the thermal performance behavior of a double skin envelope system in a test cell. A rooftop observation platform equipped with two experimentation full-scale testing modules are installed at the "J" Building of the Postgraduate Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico campus (19°18'33.59"N, 99°11'5.73"O). Each cubic test cell module measures 3m x 3m x 3m. All of its facades and roof have several layers of insulation. This rooftop platform was designed to test materials and construction systems under the Mexico City microclimate. It is possible to measure thermal, lighting, acoustic and indoor air quality variables. Mexico City building codes indicate that the minimum window aperture size to be used in a room must be at least 17.5% of the area of the room. An experimentation facade of the test cell is installed with a window and the size of the window glazing is 17% of the floor area. The test cell can be rotated to face all available orientations. Then the test cell's indoor thermal behavior in each orientation is measured. The results obtained indicated that when the window faced the North or South orientations, subtle increases in the internal temperature of the test cell were recorded. On the other hand, when the window faced the East and West orientations, the internal temperature increased greatly, which established inhabitable internal




1620-1630 Liliana Yeraldine Maldonado Sánchez (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico); Mauro Valdés Barrón (Geophysics Institute, UNAM, Mexico); Jesus Polo Martínez and Nuria Martín Chivelet (CIEMAT, Spain)

Measurements and Experimental Testing of Models for the Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation on Vertical Surfaces at Mexico City by

There is a growing concern about the rapid development of buildings infrastructure and its impacts on the environment. Solar Irradiation, particularly on vertical surfaces, plays a major role to determinate the thermal and energy performance of a building. It becomes important for the analysis of both active and passive solar systems. In other words, the acknowledge of the quantitative vertical data is crucial in order to design energy efficient buildings. This paper presents the results of measuring Global Solar Irradiation in Horizontal (Hg) and vertical surfaces North (Hvn), South (Hvs), East (Hve) and West (Hvw) that took place at Geophysics Institute, located at the Central University City Campus of National Autonomous University of Mexico (19° 20' 01" North, 99° 11' 54" West). A full year data of measurements (2014) have been compiled and analyzed. In addition, the data hourly of this horizontal and vertical measurements were compared with hourly radiation data calculated by two calculation models. The Louche correlation was selected for the split of hourly global horizontal irradiance in the diffuse and beam components that were used together with the isotropic sky model (Hottel and Woertz model) and one anisotropic sky model (Perez model). The performance of the models was assessed with two common statistical parameters: the relative root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE).

1630-1640 Mohamad Sufian Hasim, Sr. (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ellemy Khalid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Kwong Jie, Lilis Safiee and Mohd Khairul Anuar Jalil (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Sustainability into University Facilities Management Practices: A Case Studies of Universities in South Australia

Facilities Management (FM) has been recognized as one of the most important entity in supporting the goal of sustainability within organisations. Sustainability in FM practices are benefiting an organisation for achieving sustainable environmental, economic and social. Organisational performance towards sustainability have a significant relationship with the drivers whether from internal or external sources. This study aimed to determine the influencing factors within FM practices that enhanced sustainability practices in university organisations. To achieve the above aim, this study engaged ten (10) face to face semi-structured interviewed in all three South Australian Universities to gather in-depth information involved Heads of Department and those at senior managerial level in the university's FM department. The analysis established ten (10) themes and the most frequent emerged in South Australian universities were pressures from stakeholders (28%) (i.e. from students and staff, or governments), an economic factor benefit (26.5%) (i.e. business opportunity and cost reduction), commitment by top management (18% (i.e. executive level, embedded in university strategic goal) and collaborations (7.5%) with other parties (i.e. local government, state government or private companies). The information provided will help other organisations as a prospects of lessons learned especially for universities in other countries.

1640-1650 Fanny Cecilia Cocom Martínez (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico)

Empirical Investigation of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in a Hospital Building in Merida Yucatan, Mexico

This research summarizes the result of physical measurement of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in two different hospitalization rooms, from a small hospital in Merida Yucatan, Mexico. The results show wide differences in the established parameters for this evaluation and the measures obtained. The temperature levels exceed the range of 20-26ºC in both rooms, considering that the rooms have air conditioning system (ISO 7730:2005). The levels of Relative Humidity also exceed in more than 20% the permitted range. The amount of CO2 is registered in higher levels when the air conditioning system is on, due to the lack of circulation and proper ventilation (ASHRAE 62.1-2016). About Light Intensity the difference between rooms, is represented in the obtained results, in the established parameters and their physical characteristics (NOM-025-STPS-2008). Optimum conditions in indoor environments should result in health, well-being and comfort, both in terms of working life and in the areas where healthcare is concerned. The current society demands safe, clean and well-conditioned places, for which it is necessary to integrate perceptions and demands of the users to reach an optimal balance between social and legislative standards.



1650-1700 Puziah Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Muhammad Sharifullah Hashim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Alamah Misni (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Mazwin Kamaruddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

A Comparative Requirement of Space Analysis: Green and Open Space Design

Planning guidelines is a document that governs the design process of our physical environment. It has so much importance especially in ensuring urban spatial development that is healthy, safe, attractive and economically viable. Having a good set of planning guidelines is crucial. A good planning guideline also can avoid development design that causes environmental issues and problems such as urban heat island. This specific kind of environmental problem causes apparent temperature change in urban area especially in the dense area with built environment forms. Preliminary desk study finds that urban heat island effects can be reduced through adequate provision and proper design of open and green spaces. Therefore, this study has been focused to study on a few sets of planning guidelines in Malaysia, namely Selangor, Melaka and Johore State Planning Guidelines. The purpose is to analyse open and green space requirement on six elements of land development. Assessment onto the guidelines was done using several variables such as the amount of open and green space requirement, vegetation characteristics and green space distribution and configuration. From the comparative content analysis and ordinal scale assessment analysis, the findings suggested that our planning guidelines have not been specific and detail on the provision and design aspect of the open and green space. Therefore, the final part of this research paper proposes a few general framework that can be adapted to improve the existing planning guidelines particularly on the aspect of provision and design of open and green spaces.

1700-1710 Oliver Hoon Leh Ling, Nur Asma Aqmalina Hadzaman and Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Quality of Life and Redevelopment of Wakaf Che Yeh, Kelatan, Malaysia

Redevelopment of Wakaf Che Yeh from an open air night market into a permanent structure commercial area with shops and roadside stalls will affect the quality of life (QOL) among the surrounding residents. QOL is related to the level of satisfaction and the wellbeing of the people. By carrying out a house to house questionnaire survey, the impact of Wakaf Che Yeh redevelopment on the QOL of the surrounding residents has been identified. The study examined the QOL impact on the aspects of physical, economic and social as well as the overall impact of QOL. The findings found that the majority of respondents felt that the QOL for physical and economic aspects were decreased. However, the social aspect and overall QOL were increased. All the three (3) aspects of QOL were significantly correlated to the overall QOL impact value. It showed that the physical, economic and social aspects were significantly related to the overall QOL impact. However, there was a stronger relationship between overall QOL and social aspect, as compared to the correlation between overall QOL and physical or economic aspects. In fact, the nature of QOL is more significant towards the social concern or wellbeing of people. The recommendations were proposed for the governments and planners to improve the commercial activities in the study area.

1710-1720 Noriah Othman, Rabiatul Latip and Mohd Hisham Ariffin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Motivational Theory in Sustaining Urban Farming Participation

The urban farming movement in urban areas across Malaysia has been rapidly expanding since its beginning over 4 years ago and recognize as sustainable approaches for food provision. Despite increasing participation in urban farming yearly, sustaining urban farmers' interest can be a challenge due to lack of participation motivation. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated the eagerness to engage in activities involved motivational theory. Motivational theory involves a constellation of closely related perceptions, values, interest and actions in participation of any activity. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to determine the motivational factors in sustaining urban farming participation in Malaysia. The questionnaire surveys were conducted and the respondents are 243 practitioners of urban farming in Selangor. The results reveal that health and social factors were the highest scored motivations among urban farming practitioners.



7th Dec (1st session) (Track 7: HDC& Track 6: GTSD) (Venue - R2) Chair: Prof Dr Norzaidi Mohd daud, Co-chair: Dr. Abdul Rahim Ridzuan

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Siti Sarah Sulaiman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Najwa Azizun (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dengkil, Malaysia); Nur Ezan Rahmat (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Malaysia)

Legal Issues and Challenges in Managing Kuala Lumpur as a Tourism Destination a Case Study of Jalan Silang

Kuala Lumpur is a city full with historic and heritage significance. Thus, it is an attraction for tourists and a must visit place in Malaysia. However, the heritage significance of the city may be challenged by several issues. One of it is the number of immigrants who has manipulated business activities in the busy street which is known as Jalan Silang. The immigrants who came from Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh brought with them their own lifestyle and custom. This has changed the social character of the city. Jalan Silang is part of the heritage trail, but the existence of these immigrants gave bad perception to tourists towards Kuala Lumpur as a tourism destination. Based on the interview made with the Enforcement Department and Licensing and Petty Traders Development of Kuala Lumpur City Hall, the issue of immigrants in Jalan Silang is not only about issue with licence or permit to operate business from the local planning authority but it also involved immigration aspect under the control of Immigration Department and the registration of company under Companies Commission of Malaysia. This paper will highlight the challenges faced by the stakeholders in regulating business activities conducted by the immigrants in Jalan Silang and possible improvement will be suggested.

1410-1420 Muhammad Faliq Abd Razak (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Namirah Mohd Akahsah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Safri Mohammed Na'aim and Ainul Mardhiyyah Tajudin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Migrant Workers with Social Security in Malaysia: Are Their Right Discriminated?

Migration and cross-border mobility of workers is expected to further intensify in the coming year as the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) works toward full regional integration. Malaysia is one of receiving countries of migrant workers supplied by sending countries in ASEAN. Malaysia's dependency on migrant workers is high as in developing the nation in terms of development and infrastructure particularly. Malaysia is indexed as one of countries that rely heavily on migrant workers from countries including Bangladesh, Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal and Indonesia which resulted for the occurrence of discrimination increases by day. The initial finding shows that migrant workers in Malaysia discriminatory treated with insufficiency and inadequacy of legal coverage under the existing laws. This issue can only be addressed by providing greater protection on social security aspect which will play vital role. Using the qualitative research methodology, this article analyzes the coverage and protection under existing laws given to migrant workers, which would ensure basic social and labour protection. This article will further explore on the potential effect of social security at domestic level which lead to address the problem in compliance with International Human Rights and Labour Standards. 1420-1430 John Chuah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia,

Malaysia); Azlena Khalid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Securing Proprietary Rights for Purchasers of Unascertained Fungible Goods in a Bulk: The Malaysian Dilemma

In Malaysia, under the Sale of Goods Act 1957 a purchaser of unascertained fungible goods in a bulk who has paid the purchase price gets no title unless the said goods are first ascertained. In the event the seller becomes insolvent, the purchaser as an unsecured creditor would need to compete with the other creditors of the seller for the price of the said goods. The Malaysia, Singapore and New South Wales (Australia) sale of goods legislation are based on the English Sale of Goods Act 1979. The latter jurisdictions have amended their respective statutes to enable a purchaser who has paid for the unascertained goods to obtain proprietary rights in the goods without ascertainment. It is argued that the time is ripe for Malaysia to amend its Sale of Goods Act 1957 along the same lines to protect the innocent purchaser. The said amendment could be carried out by adopting section 20A and 20B of the English Sale of Goods Act 1979 with some modifications. Further the Sale of Goods Act 1957 could be amended to allow the creation of trust over the unascertained goods for the benefit of the purchasers where the intention to create a trust can be inferred


1430-1440 Mohd Helmi Ahmad (Auditor, Malaysia); Najahudin Lateh (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Development of Shariah Risk Management Model (SRM-i) for the Use of Shariah Compliance Organizations

Shariah Governance Framework (SGF) which has been introduced by the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in year 2011 did mention about the need to have a proper and sound risk management. It also became the importance essence in Islamic Financial Service Act (IFSA 2013) or Act 759. But taking from the personal observation as a Shariah Manager and in the same time as the Shariah auditor has taking me to the other side of the living world. There I found that the risk management has been absolutely depended and totally assigned to the conventional risk management team as well as risk coordinator. Meaning to say, no qualified Shariah risk officer has been assigned to do so. This is because, according to the management understanding from what has been depicted from IFSA or SGF, Shariah risk is something co-mingled with the conventional risk. This is totally not acceptable because of Shariah risk has its unique criteria and terminology despites the use of ordinary risk appetites. This has become an Area of Concern (AOC) in my recent audit finding in few organizations. Worse, there is no proper and sound Shariah risk management in place. For that, it is deem important to establish a pure Shariah Risk Management model (SRM-i) to rectify the non-compliance recorded.

1440-1450 Zulaipa Ruzulan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

An Exploratory Study on Determinant Factors in Related- Food Fatwa Issuances Based on 'Urf

The level of awareness among the consumers towards the halalness of food consumption is consistently increasing today. Undeniably, this is owing to the easy accessibility of knowledge on the food's status with the aids of internet and mass media. As a result, , there is a lot of queries triggered by the public on the halal status of food and this issue must be taken into account by the trusted scholars as well as the recognized Islamic religious institutions to clarify the issues by issuing the fatwa. In view of this, this paper seeks to examine the determinant factors of fatwa's decisions on food related issues resolved by the jurists based on the approach of 'urf (custom). Since this study is an exploratory in nature, a qualitative methodology will be adopted whereby document analysis technique is applied from various sources such as books, conference paperwork, articles and so on. Then, this data is analyzed by using content analysis as well as constant comparative techniques. Indeed, this study will assist the policy makers in dealing with the food related issues and help the public in identifying the rationality of the fatwa's decisions. 1450-1500 Umaimah Wahid (Budi Luhur University, Indonesia) Image Restoration of Indonesian President Joko

Widodo Through Cyber PR Towards Blasphemy Allegation Case of Jakarta Governor Candidate Basuki Tjahaja Purnama-Ahok

This study aimed to determine the activities and the role of Cyber Public Relations in the image restoration of Indonesian President Joko Widodo towards the blasphemy case committed by Jakarta Governor Candidate, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. The usage of cyberspace such as websites and social media accounts in digital era became an innovative break through in building images and resolving conflicts. The messages conveyed by cyber media were more massive and able to control public opinions. This research used Cyber Public Relations theory by Bob Julius Onggo and Image Restoration theory by William L. Benoit. Besides, the concept used was image, Cyber Public Relations, Indonesian President Joko Widodo, blasphemy case, and Jakarta Governor Candidate Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. The research method was a case study with observation as the data collection techniques, in-depth interviews, and documents. The results revealed that the development of cyber media produced a new way in building the image of a public figure that was Cyber Public Relations. Cyber Public Relations activities as an effort increating the image of President Joko Widodo was by uploading press releases on the website, posting photos, videos along with captions of the activities and presidential activities and statements related to the blasphemy case committed by Jakarta Governor Candidate, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. Cyber Public Relations played its role as an agent in creating public opinions about President Joko Widodo's commitment in handling the blasphemy case according to the applicable law.

1500-1510 Wan Zukri Wan Abdullah; Siti Rashidah Mohd Nasir; Che Khairil Izam Che Ibrahim

The Factors Affecting Disintegration of Supply Chains Among Contractors in Industrialized Building System (IBS) Construction

Malaysian is currently driving for implementing a modern construction method, the Industrialised Building System (IBS), as an alternative towards enhancing construction performance. Although there were a lot of efforts and incentives by the Malaysian government to encourage the usage of IBS as an alternative to the conventional and labour intensive construction method, there are still many factors in IBS projects that lead to delays. This paper attempts to review the factors contribute to IBS projects which are lagging behind the proposed schedule. The issues are based on the Malaysian context and supported by worldwide literature. The factors under the construction phase are the most influential factor on the time performance of IBS projects rather than other two phases; pre-construction and post-construction. Identifying the factors will help to increase the IBS contractors' understanding and help them to be prepared in handling the situation that they may encounter during the IBS construction progress. It will enables changes in work processes that can streamline the performance in IBS construction projects especially in terms of time of the project. Finally, the reviewed will states the implications of the findings and identifies possible new research fields.



7th Dec (2nd session) (Track 3: MS) (Venue – R2) Chair: Dr. Naffisah Mohd Hassan, Co-chair: Dr. Norazree Mahmud

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Erne Suzila Kassim, Ariff Md. Ab. Malik and Hanitahaiza Hairuddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Thareq Ariffin Mohd Tajmi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

A Research Synthesis of Social Enterprise Performance

Social enterprise (SE) is a renewed concept that involves business as an instrument for social development, which is established with the main agenda of creating positive social change and social values. The business features create a distinction from traditional non-profit organizations. As few studies claim measuring the social enterprise performance and effectiveness is a complex procedure due to multiple elements consideration, we attempt to reduce the complexity by synthesizing the measurements based on Triple bottom line approach. Focusing on social, economic and environmental aspects, we conduct a research synthesis by examining 21 publications on qualitative, quantitative and conceptual work. Based on the thematic review, we found two major findings; an imbalance measurement whereby very few studies evaluate the performance on all three aspects of social, economic and environmental characteristics and most studies have placed a great emphasize on evaluating the economic measurement, focusing on financial and organizational performance rather than the economic impacts to the society. In addition, we also attempt to examine the antecedents of SE performance, and the results suggest entrepreneurship capabilities, community relationship, relationship governance and partner selection are the key determinants. We believe the findings could steer more research agenda that focus on bottom line performance sustainability for the third sector of social enterprise.

1610-1620 Rohana Ngah (Universiti Teknologi MARA & Malaysian Academy of SMEs and Entrepreneurship Development, Malaysia); Siti Zahrah Buyong and Junainah Junid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Noor Faizah Mohd Lajin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Trait in the Relationship of Technology Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Behavior

Entrepreneurship has become an important national agenda especially in creating young entrepreneurs. This paper aims to determine the entrepreneurial behavior through technology entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurial personality trait of students from Science and Technology clusters. The purpose of technology entrepreneurship subject is to encourage students to embark on their entrepreneurship venture using technology. A total of five hundred and ninety-two usable questionnaires were collected at the end of the semester. Partial Least Square was utilized to explore the relationship of variables. Entrepreneurial personality trait mediates the relationship of technology entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial behavior despite lack of business exposure amongst students. Technology entrepreneurship education helps to foster the entrepreneurial behavior amongst students. In addition, knowing students' entrepreneurial personality traits further strengthen the entrepreneurial behavior. Findings and recommendation of this study are discussed.

1620-1630 Ramita Abdul Rahim (Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia & Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Impact of Innovation Types Towards Small Medium Enterprises Performance: A Study of Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between innovation and small medium enterprises (SMEs) performance in Malaysian manufacturing industry. Malaysian SMEs is very important to the country because of the potential to increase Malaysia GDP. Besides that Malaysia SMEs also contribute in creating more job opportunities, generating higher production volumes, increase export and many others. Even though SMEs has been recognized because of it play an important role to the economy but it is undeniable the fact that the development and performance of Malaysian SME is low compare to the others developing country. Even though, numerous government programmes have been and are being implemented over the years, SMEs performance is still not achieve as expected. In addition, with globalization economy nowadays, SME also faced the difficulties in order to sustain and survive especially to compete with foreign company. The competition from foreign company has forced SME to strategies their organization to be more competitive. Many researchers agreed that one of the crucial elements to sustain in globalization economy is innovation performance. Therefore, this study has selected innovation as variables and aim to find out the relationship of innovation towards Malaysian SME performance. This study measured innovation by four types of innovation namely product innovation, process innovation, administrative innovation and marketing innovation. SMEs performance was measured from the perspective of financial and non-financial. The survey was conducted among top level managers of 440 Manufacturing SME in Malaysia. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the hypotheses were tested through regression analysis.




1630-1640 Sidah Idris (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia); Suhana Mohezar (University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Sustaining Businesses in a Global Turbulent Environment: The Role of Information Sharing

This study aims to investigate the impact of technology capability and logistics integration commitment on information sharing as well as global supply chain competitiveness. Data were collected from 177 local manufacturing firms that are competing in global market. The findings indicate that logistics integration commitment has a significant relationship with information sharing and global supply chain competitiveness. This study however, fails to establish a relationship between technology capability and global supply chain competitiveness. The findings also highlight information sharing as a mediator.

1640-1650 Ramesh Krishnan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Wei-Loon Koe (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Geetha Muthusamy (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Perceived Job Characteristics and Work Engagement

Although much research attention has been given to study the effect of job characteristics on various work outcome, few have specifically examined the joint effect of job characteristics and self-efficacy on employee work engagement. This study aimed to examine the role of self-efficacy as a moderator in the perceived job characteristics-work engagement relationship. A total of 646 employees from the healthcare sector in Malaysia participated in this study. A moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed a positive effect of job characteristics (autonomy, skill variety, feedback, task significance, task identity) with work engagement and a significant interaction between task identity and self-efficacy in predicting employee work engagement. Managerial implications and directions for future research are discussed.

1650-1700 Nur Syuhada Jasni and Haslinda Yusoff (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Noreena Yusoff (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Digitalisation Era: Social Value Creation from Malaysian Experience

The digitalisation market in Malaysia is growing positively with government support. Hence, demand for the next step is needed to sustain digitalisation in social and economic development. All industry players must work together to achieve this aim. This study analyses the digitalisation of social value creation of main telecommunication companies in Malaysia by using content analysis of the latest sustainability report available from the respective companies. This study also provides the current literature review on how the companies accept and embrace the right concept of social value creation to align with business operation and national objectives. The shifting of traditional service providers to unique business models is significant for business sustainability and economic growth.


7th Dec (1st session) (Track 7: HDC & Track 3: MS) (Venue - R3) Chair: Dr Erne Suzila Kassim, Co-chair: Dr. Ramesh Krishnan

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Wardahanisah W. Razali Razali (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Ceramic Lighting Emission Dissipation Exploration Through Porcelain Body in Design

Porcelain shows to the establishment of the pottery train and a stand out amongst the most complex earthenware materials. Other than that, porcelain made principally out of clay, feldspar, and quartz, porcelains are warm treated to frame a blend of glass and crystalline stages. This survey concentrates on crude materials, handling, warm treatment, and mechanical conduct. Due to the complexities of the porcelain framework and notwithstanding the considerable measure of research as of now directed inside the field, there stay critical open doors for research and study, especially in the zones of crude material comprehension, preparing science, and stage and micro structure advancement. In researcher artwork, researcher conduct an exploration of light emission dissipation through porcelain body in design. The aim of this study is to explore the porcelain body in other condition. Through this research, aim the objective is structured in coefficient to explore lighting effect using ceramic as in product form. A long the way, two objectives is, provide an activity of experiment that looking into marbling effect, lace fabric effect, and slip trailing effect. Second is to reflect on the activity performance by providing procedural process as method of studying lighting emission for ceramic.

1410-1420 Nasa'ie Zainuddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Asliza Aris (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norwani Md Nawawi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Evolution of Malay Traditional Wedding Attire

Malay marriage ceremony is one of the Malay cultures that still maintained over the years and practiced until now, although the custom has gone through several changes (Zubaidah syawal, 1994). Writing about the Malay traditional attire is still not widely produced but there are efforts being highlighted in the form of presentation or collection of objects of material culture as did by the museum or arts and cultural organization (Siti Zainon Ismail, 2009). The comprehensive documentation about it is still limited and less attention to record their clothing. According to Mokhtar Haji Mohd Tohar and Ahmad Fawzi M. Basri (2007), clothing describes the identity of the wearer. Identity of Malay traditional wedding attire is important to be researched and studied especially on the evolution as mentioned by Azah Aziz (2009). In Malay culture, clothes bring a lot of meaning (Siti Zainon Ismail, 2009). The objectives of research are to investigate the existence of symbolism of Malay traditional wedding attire in Peninsular Malaysia, to identity the Malay traditional wedding attire in term of style, silhouette and types of fabrics in Peninsular Malaysia and to categorize the development and evolution of Malay traditional wedding attire and hence, document the chronological from year 1960 until 2016. The study will be conduct by using qualitative research approach. This research includes Malay clothing focused on Malay traditional wedding attire. This research will be beneficial to the nation, reference, and future usage due the lack of academic expertise and publication in Malay traditional wedding attire.

1420-1430 Zaiton Hamin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Bahrin Othman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad Ridhwan Abd Rani (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Sticking to the Old Ways in the Plea-Bargaining Process: Some Evidence from Malaysia

In Malaysia, the plea-bargaining process was formalized in 2010 with the amendment to the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) 1976, which introduced two new sections 172C and 172D. The new procedures were intended to reduce the number of criminal cases that could be resolved at the pre-trial stage so as to enable the courts to focus their time on much more complex cases. Also, the process was aimed at providing a better alternative of bargaining to the prosecutors and the accused persons. However, the law in action does not appear to be in line with the law in the statute book because currently, a wide disparity between the reality and the CPC is evident in the implementation of the plea-bargaining process. Hence, this paper aims at examining the reality of the plea-bargaining process and the extent to which the procedural practice embraces the spirit of the new law. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, of which the primary data is obtained from semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders comprising of twenty relevant actors in the criminal justice system. The secondary data consist of the CPC and other library-based sources. The research revealed that the despite the recent legal changes to the said process, the criminal justice actors were rather keen to stick to the traditional way of plea bargaining due to organisational and technical rationales.





1430-1440 Zaiton Hamin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Wan Wan Rosli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Whither the Protection for Cyber Stalking Victims? Some Evidence from Malaysia

In the information age, crimes that were once committed in the real world have now transcended into cyberspace. The prevalence of such offences such as cyber stalking and cyber bullying is much higher than in reality due to the traffic of users that have access to the Internet. Cyber stalking may lead to a chain of reactions which may include more severe crimes such as identity theft, rape, and even murder. However, despite the serious ramifications of cyber stalking, the perception of the adequacy of the law and the legal protection for victims remain ambiguous in the Malaysian legal landscape. Hence, this paper aims at examining the perception on the criminalisation of such crime, the gendered nature of such crime and the attendant legal protection for its victims. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, of which the primary data is generated from semi-structured interviews with the relevant actors and victims. The triangulation of such data is from those obtained from two relevant ministries. The secondary data are the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, the Penal Code, books, academic journals, online databases and other library-based sources. The preliminary findings revealed that such crime is not considered as a gendered crime in Malaysia and significantly, there was ambivalence not only on the perception of the crime, in particular, the seriousness of the said crime but also on the adequacy of the legal protection for the victims.

1440-1450 Sharifah Naziha Syed Kholed (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Naffisah Mohd Hassan (Faculty of Business and Administration & Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Noorsuriani Maon (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Elements of Organizational Factors in Inter-Professional Teamwork and Inter-professional Collaboration Practice

Today's healthcare labors are being asked to work in collaboratively among team members to achieve goal of the company and to deliver good and effective services to the citizens. The collaborative practice is very important in healthcare industry because it has been identified as a strengthening health system and can improve health outcomes (Mickan et al. 2010; Reeves et al. 2009). On the other hand, working in team is necessary in any organization and known as an essential factor that can make an organization more success. However, there is a limited research has been conducted to evaluate the important elements in inter-professional teamwork (IPT) that can give their impact on inter-professional collaboration practice (IPCP). The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework on inter-professional teamwork and inter-professional collaboration practice. The framework suggests four elements of inter-professional teamwork and its items that will change inter-professional collaboration practice among healthcare professionals. The framework focused on the elements of empowerment, leadership, fairness, and job resources to synthesize the best elements that affect IPC practice.

1450-1500 Fazleen Abdul Fatah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Stephan von Cramon Taubadel (University of Goettingen, Germany)

Assessing Rice Farming Competitiveness in Malaysia: An Extension to the Policy Analysis Matrix

The advent of free trade agreements, including the Asean Free Trade agreement (AFTA) and WTO accession have created greater challenges to the Malaysian rice sector as the sector must compete with other low-cost exporting countries. This implies that structural changes in trade and adjustments at the farm level are needed to improve competitiveness. However, research on how to assess relevant competitiveness at the farm level are scant. This study proposes a new extension to the Policy Analysis Matrix developed by Monke and Pearson (1989) by using a disaggregated data. This extension allows us to take farm-level heterogeneity into account and derive competitiveness score distributions for each rice farm. It is intended that the proposed extension will provide more complete understanding of the sectoral competitiveness, and avoid the shortcomings of working with average or aggregated data that may have great implications on the policy-decision making. 1500-1510 Tuan Zainun Tuan Mat (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);

Nur Shahirah Adilah Mohd Sairazi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Influence of Budgetary Practices on Budgetary Slack: A Study in Malaysian Local Authorities

Local authorities are responsible in allocating the resources provided by Federal Government through budget allocation process. The effectiveness and efficiency of local authorities in utilising the resources is determined by the way they manage the public funds. It is important for the local authorities to have a high degree of accountability in order to gain public trust. Managerial behavioural issues such as budgetary slack could affect the effectiveness of the budgeting process. This study aims to examine the influence of budgetary practices, specifically budget participation, budget emphasis and budget control, on the budgetary slack creation in Malaysian Local Authorities.. 200 questionnaires survey were randomly distributed in January 2017 to employees that involved in budget preparation from 99 local authorities located in Peninsular Malaysia, and 109 were responded (54.5%). Hypotheses for this study were analysed using simple linear regression. Results show that budget participation, budget emphasis and budget control influence budgetary slack creation among the Malaysian local authorities. This indicates that the propensity of the subordinates to create budgetary slack increases when subordinates have influenced and involved in the budget setting as well as the use of budget in evaluating performance. High involvement and control in budgeting process, provides opportunity to manipulate the budget. The findings in this study contribute to the public sector management accounting literature in the area of budget in Malaysian local authorities. This study could assist the local authorities to enhance their budgeting system and practices.


ABSTRACTS FOR ORALPRESENTATION

7th Dec (2nd session) (Track 7: HDC & Track 2: HW) (Venue – R3)Chair: Assoc Prof Dr Zaiton Hamin, Co-chair: Dr Abdul Rauf Ridzuan

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Rafidah Rasol (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Relationship Between Performances inEnglish Proficiency Course (ELC550) withStudents' Ability in Answering HigherOrder Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questionsin Molecular Biology Final Examination

Molecular Biology is a course taken by students from B.Sc (Hons) Biology in Semester 4 or 5. Table of Specification Test (TOS) designed for this course allocated 20-30% of Bloom's Taxonomy HOTS questions for the final examination. From observation, students are still lacking in critical thinking skills and idea deliverance in English although English language is the medium of instruction in UiTM. These two factors might be the reason leading to higher percentage of failures in Molecu-lar Biology for certain UiTM campus within two consecutive semesters. This study looks into whether English writing skills has an effect on the student's performance in answering HOTS in Molecular Biology final examination. The samples consist of BSc (Hons) Biology students from two consecutive semesters in two of UiTM campuses which were UiTM Shah Alam and UiTM Jengka. Percentage of the total marks for HOTS questions was calculated. Mean percentage between students answering the December 2015 and June 2016 final examination in respective campus was obtained and correlated with marks obtained in English for Academic Writing (ELC550). The results showed that there is a weak correlation between student's achievement in ELC550 and their ability in answering HOTS questions in Molecular Biology final examination in UiTM Shah Alam whereas in UiTM Jengka, the correlation is medium in Semester Sept-Jan 2015. The results of this study is hoped to assist biology educators to craft appropriate and effective teaching delivery especially in teaching tough subjects as well as in strengthening English language proficiency among UiTM students.

1610-1620 Hadiono Afdjani (Universitas Budi Luhur, Indonesia) The Strategy of Drama Series "LoncengCinta" in Increasing Public InterestThrough Social Media Twitter

Nowadays, Twitter was one of the most widely used social media that employed by ANTV as a promotional media for the show Lonceng Cinta. How promotional strategies were conducted by the social media team to attract public interest in watch-ing Lonceng Cinta through Twitter. With the promotion via Twitter, it was expected to get more people to watch the drama series Lonceng Cinta and gave a positive result which was the good rating program and able to compete with other television programs. The high rating program would be the consideration for advertisers. Qualitative methods were used to provide full explanation of the strategies that social media teams done in promoting and raising viewers to watch the show. It was proved that Twitter had become a powerful tool as promotional media, and had produced a positive effect for Lonceng Cinta series and for ANTV Company itself.

1620-1630 Norlenda Mohd Noor (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Hanifah Sulaiman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Zuraida Alwadood and Suhaila Abd Halim (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia); Nurul Filzah Syamimi Wahid and Adilah AbdulHalim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Development of Learning Tools UsingMaples for Engineering MathematicsSubject

Mathematics is one of the basic and core subject for engineering students. Learning mathematics helps in developing problem solving skills as the subject requires critical thinking. However, many students perceive mathematics as a very difficult subject and they get poor result for the subject. In the institution under study, there is an increase in failure rate for the subject for the past few semesters. Based on a preliminary study, it is found that 55 percent of engineering student claimed that they encountered difficulty in visualizing any function in 3-dimensional space, which is the main content for engineering calculus subject. This is very unsatisfactory as engineering students are expected to possess strong mathemati-cal problem solving skills. In light of this, the objective of this research is to develop an interactive teaching and learning tools, so as to assist student in visualizing 3-dimensional space objects. The tool is intended to be used in teaching and learning and it is expected that it could enable student to improve their understanding in the subject.

ABSTRACTS FOR POSTERPRESENTATION


Time Authors Title

1630-1640 Suthagar Narasuman (Faculty of Education, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zalina Mohd Zamri (KolejPoly-Tech MARA Ipoh, Malaysia)

English Language Self-Efficacy AmongESL Students in a Blended LearningEnvironment

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of blended learning (BL) on the respondents' self-efficacy in learning English as a second language (ESL), the areas of improvement and the challenges respondents faced. The respondents in this study were subjected to a pre and post study survey on ESL self-efficacy in a BL environment. Between the pre-test and post-test, the respondents' formal ESL lessons were conducted using the blended learning approach for a duration of eight weeks. Quantitative data from the pre and post-test surveys were analysed to ascertain the respondents' attitude towards blended learning and its effect on their self-efficacy in learning ESL. The results of this study revealed that blended learning had no significant influence on the respondents' self-efficacy in ESL learning. It showed that there is no statistically significant improvement in the students' enactive mastery, vicarious experience and verbal persuasion. However, the findings recorded a significant difference in the students' physiological arousal or emotional state. Respondents also believed that BL has induced an improvement in their reading and speaking skills while citing technical issues and lack of internet access as challenges.

1640-1650 Fatimah Sham (Faculty Health Sciences, Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia); Norimah Said (Faculty Health Sciences,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Norjah Othman Othman(Faculty Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Hazzliza Musa Musa and Nor Marini Mohamed Mohamed (FacultyHealth Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Perception Toward Preparedness forDisaster Management Among CommunityHealth Nurses

Disasters are defined as an extraordinary event that occur abruptly which brings great damage, loss, destruction and damage to people and their environment. Community Health Nurses play important roles, not only as the front-line respond-er, but as a leader and manager in the disaster operations and command centre. The objective of this study to evaluate the perception towards the preparedness for disaster management among community health nurses.A descriptive cross-section-al design was conducted at JKWPKL that consist of twenty seven clinics with two components of health services and the maternal and child health services. A convenient sample of 260 Community Health Nurse that selected setting who were willing to participate in the study. The study used self-report questionnaires with adapted and modified from Disaster Prepar-edness Evaluation Tool (DPET). The data was collected and analyses by using the IBM Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) for Window, version 20.This study revealed that the respondents had perceived moderate knowledge on preparedness in Disaster Management (Mean: 3.65, SD: 0.61). Most of the respondent agreed that they would be interested in disaster preparedness management training (n=227, 87.3%) and had sufficient supported from upper level when they facing disaster situation (Mean: 3.86, SD: 0.67). However, they had low interest in participating disaster preparedness plan in their community. They were found to have moderate perceived skills on preparedness in Disaster Management (Mean: 3.68, SD: 0.56) in which they had confident in the first responder of disaster (Mean: 3.88, SD: 0.61) but lack in key leadership figure in disaster situation (Mean: 3.06, SD: 0.92). The further study need to explore in relations to the preparedness of knowledge and skills, including the development of practical guidelines related to disaster preparedness among Community health nurses.that Twitter had become a powerful tool as promotional media, and had produced a positive effect for Lonceng Cinta series and for ANTV Company itself.



Time Authors Title

1700-1710 Noor'ain Mohamad Yunus (University Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Erne Suzila Kassim and Syukrina Alini Mat Ali(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Sri Fatiany AbdulKader Jailani (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nor Nabila Saberi and Rattna Syarmila Shamsudin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Academic Stressors Social SupportAnxiety Quality of Life and Depression ofUniversity Students

Depression is common mental disorder that affects one's thinking. Characterised by symptoms of sadness, lack of interest in routine activities and fatigue, it could lead to variety of severe emotional and physical problems. Globally, the statistics of depression among university students are rising. Similarly, data from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia shows one in five students suffers from mental health problems. Thus, using the lens of Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression, the study aims to shed further light on depression by investigating the influencing roles of academic stressor, social support, anxiety and quality of life among undergraduate students in Malaysia. The data was collected using validated questionnaire from 283 university students and was analysed using Partial Least Squares- Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach. The findings indicate significant positive effects of academic stressor and anxiety, and significant negative effects of social support and quality of life towards students' depression. Practically, this study contributes to a greater understanding of the

1710-1720 Syazwani Hassan, Nur Nabilah Dulkifly, AnnapurnyVenkiteswaran and Rohaida Abdul Halim (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Knowledge and Attitude of Teachers inSelected Malaysian Primary SchoolTowards Dental Injuries

To ascertain the level of knowledge among primary school teachers towards the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in school and to determine the preference among teachers regarding the education tools that can be used to increase awareness and knowledge among them.A total of 150 teachers from primary schools in three different districts were included in the study and they were given self-administered questionnaires to be filled. The validated questionnaire was distributed randomly in the selected schools. The questionnaire included two scenarios comprising of tooth fracture and avulsion. Ques-tions regarding awareness and management of these scenarios were asked. All 150 participants answered the question-naire; of these 74.0% were females 26.0% were males. Most (64%) of the participants had received tertiary education. Although 70% of teachers had obtained first aid training, only 9.3% of them had received training regrading dental injuries. About 53% of participants knew the correct answer for the appropriate response to fractured tooth and only 35.3% managed to correctly answer the question related to appropriate response to an avulsed tooth. Only 38.7% knew about the appropriate rinsing solution and about 4.7% were familiar with proper storage media. About 93.3% of them interested to gain knowledge in dealing with dental emergencies in school.The current status of knowledge regarding dental trauma is very poor among primary school teachers. This scenario needs to be improved if we hope to increase the chances of successfully replanting avulsed teeth. The subjects in this study are keen to update their knowledge and as such more educational programmes need to be introduced to empower the teachers with the relevant knowledge.

1650-1700 Fatin Azura Saiful Bahri and Muhammad Syukri Rahmat(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nazri Che Dom(Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia)

Temporal Pattern of Dengue Cases inCentral Zone of Shah Alam:A Retrospective Study from 2013 to 2016

Understanding on the temporal pattern of disease is important in order to planning the strategy for controlling the dengue occurrence. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the temporal pattern of dengue cases in central zone of Shah Alam, Selangor. Four time series data was being divided into two periods to examine the corresponding weekly cumulative percentages of case numbers for each period. Then three cut-off points were evaluated by observing the trend behavior of DF for each year and further analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The result implied that the temporal pattern of dengue cases in 2013 is markedly different when compared to the other three years (2014, 2015 and 2016). It was found that the temporal pattern of dengue cases has changed from 2013 to 2016 as the number of dengue cases in 2013 is high during the end of the year while for the other three years; the number of cases is low during end of the year but slightly high during the first 26 epid week. The outcomes of this study shows that the temporal pattern of dengue cases in the central zone of



7th Dec (1st session) (Track 6: GTSD - R4)Chair: Assoc Prof Sr Dr Zulkiflee Abdul Latiff, Co-chair: Dr. Mohd Zuli Jaafar

Time Authors Title

1400-1410 Irma Noorazurah Mohamad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Experimental Studies on River MeanderPlanform Pattern

River meander basically related with one of the main catastrophe in real scenario which is flooding that should be mitigated. The number of research on river meander characteristics and process is quite small. Therefore, the study on river meander and its characteristics by using a physical model is one of the methods to enhance the knowledge on it. The main purposes for current study are to determine the characteristics and processes of meandering river and to investigate the lateral move-ment of the channel due to the erosion of the river meander channel bank. The scope of study includes execution of desk study and developing a physical model of river meander by using sand channel in order to understand the behaviors of river meander. All of the parameters and calculations investigated by analyzing the raw data which is from the experimental works. Based on the experimental works, the explanation on the river meander characteristics and planform lateral move-ment due to the process of erosion and deposition are achieved. Erosion and deposition process give an increment to the initial channel width with respect to the angle of direction β and flow rate Q. In a nutshell, this study can give a plenty of information that can act as references to gain more understanding on the river meander planform pattern.

1410-1420 Nurul Liyana Hanapi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Sabarinah Sh Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Norhati Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Azli Abd Razak (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Staircase Evacuation for Public MultiStorey Housing in Malaysia

During an emergency situation, the safety of the building occupants becomes a major concern and we need to mitigate the issue to minimise the number of casualties. Thus an in-depth understanding of the occupant behaviour towards escape routes during evacuation is needed. Staircases have become one of the important means of an escape route for multi-storey building as they act as a medium that connects one floor to the other. Thus, the number of staircases will influence the evacu-ation efficiency because of the high dependency during the evacuation process. The main objective of this paper is to have an understanding on the movement and time needed for the evacuees to leave the building. The method employed for this paper is mainly using observation through simulation study using Pathfinder software. This paper analyses the data on the duration of occupants to reach safety and the movement patterns during evacuation through a simulation study. A 17-storey residential building was used as a model and the influence of staircases and population is demonstrated. Nine scenarios are considered. Results show that a high number of occupancy can affect the evacuation process and evacuation time increase when the number of staircases is reduced. It also shows that the different location of staircases does not influence the evacu-ation time but influence the movement of the evacuee.

1420-1430 Norhafezah Kasmuri, Nur Aliah Ahmad Tarmizi and MegawatiOmar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Treatment of Landfill Leachate byElectrocoagulation to Reduce HeavyMetals and Ammonia-nitrogen

Landfill leachate contains high concentration of contaminants in the form of nitrogen, suspended solids and heavy metals, which effects the environment adversely. Hence leachate treatment is considered vital in landfill management as the effluent needs to undergo several treatments before being discharged into rivers. Without treatment, the leachate will contaminate the surface and ground water as it can penetrate through soils and subsoils. Therefore this research was conducted to remove the ammonia-nitrogen and heavy metals from the Jeram landfill leachate by electrocoagulation. Three metals in focus were aluminium, iron and zinc as electrodes. The results showed that the aluminium electrode was the most effective where it was capable to extract 88% of zinc and 75% of iron in the 30-minute retention time. Ninety-three percent (93%) of zinc and 83% of iron was removed in 120 minutes. Ninety-three percent (93%) of ammonia-nitrogen was also removed. These results led to a conclusion that the electrocoagulation had the capacity to treat leachate by removing the heavy metals and ammonia-nitrogen.



Time Authors Title

1440-1450 Umi Kalsum Abdul Karim (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Perak, Malaysia); Ahmad Saat (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Mohamed Izzharif Abdul Halim (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Study on Vertical Profile of 210Pb andSedimentation Rate at Pantai RemisCoastal Area and Kuala Selangor Estuary

Two sediment cores at Kuala Selangor estuary and Pantai Remis coastal area were obtained using gravity corer and then were analyzed using Alpha Spectrometry System. In order to estimate the sedimentation rate in the area, 210Pb dating technique and Constant Rate & Supply (CRS) model were used. From the study, the vertical profile of 210Pb shows a decreasing trend with depth and finally achieving a constant level. Meanwhile, mean sedimentation rate obtained in Pantai Remis Coastal Area and Kuala Selangor Estuary and were 0.2237 cm/year 0.1851 cm/year respectively which generally comparable with other nearest study area. The differences in sedimentation rate might be attributed to highly variable sedimentary and hydrodynamic conditions in the coastal area and estuary.

1450-1500 Aisar Ashra Muhammad Ashri (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Wardah Tahir (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nurul Syahira Mohammad Harmay (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia)

Statistical Verification of NumericalWeather Prediction (NWP) for RainfallEstimation in the East Coast Region

Intense hydrological event such as floods are increasing lately especially in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important to forecast the intense rainfall as part of flood preparedness and mitigation measures. In this study, Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model precipitation outputs using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) with horizontal resolution of 3 km have been validated against observed rainfall data measurements for its performance measurement. The scope of work is to evaluate and compare the forecast and observed rainfall data for three (3) states in the East Coast Region which are Kelan-tan, Terengganu and Pahang before statistically verify their accuracy using False Alarm Ratio (FAR) and Probability of Detection (POD).The results indicate a very promising potential of the models in producing quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) for flood forecasting purpose in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. Since these three states which are located in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia experienced annual flood event, accurate forecast rainfall data can be used to improve forecast information for flood indicator.

1430-1440 Lizawati Abdullah (Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Noraini Johari (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia); Thuraiya Mohd, NurulanisAhmad @ Mohamed and Suwaibatul Islamiah Abdullah Sani(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia)

Off-Campus Student Housing Preferencesin Selangor, Malaysia

This research aims to identify the attributes of off-campus student housing preferences, thus enabling insight towards the formation of a Student Housing Guidelines in the Malaysian context. This is in view of evidence that in Malaysia, student accommodation is commonly insufficient to accommodate the enrolled students. The objectives of this research are 1. To identify the off-campus student housing preferences and its attributes for dwelling purpose; and 2. To rank the housing preferences among students. Collection of primary data was via two sets of structured questionnaires in likert scale type questions distributed randomly among on and off-campus students in selected public and private universities located within the State of Selangor. Survey was conducted among 735 respondents comprising undergraduate students. Literature reviews revealed that student preferences are reflected thus: distance (time taken, transportation mode, facilities and ameni-ties), housing type and rental tenure, student's style (personal style, crowdedness, lighting, air-conditioning, hot water supply, laundry, bathroom, size, and privacy), quality (security and safety), and affordability. Results of the synthesized quantitative analysis concluded in the overall importance average mean score calculation variables of Off-Campus Student Housing Preferences that performance area aspect of housing quality is ranked as the most important variable, followed by aspect of housing environment, aspect of location, aspect of accommodation, and aspect of type of house and cost of rental.The researchers recommend an extension study to be conducted in the other states in Malaysia, to obtain a broader perspective of off-campus student housing preferences towards designing a national off-campus student housing preference framework.



Time Authors Title

1500-1510 Ilyani Izzaty Mohd Isa and Jalina Kassim (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia)

Traffic Noise Pollution at Residential Area

Most people are unaware of noise pollution occurring around them due to the characteristic of the pollution itself. This pollu-tion is not visible to people's sense, it is neither can be see nor smell. Unlike other stated pollution, noise pollution affects people based on their sound level acceptance. Since people who have high sound level acceptance are familiar with noise, thus noise pollution will not directly annoy them. This study was conducted to determine the traffic noise level at Seksyen 7, Shah Alam. Since noise level will affect people in terms of annoyance and lead to health effect, the study area were chosen at intersections nearby residential area. The data of traffic noise level and traffic volume were collected representing week-day and weekend for each intersection. Three (3) data collection session will be conducted for each day, which is in the morning (0730-0830), in the afternoon (1230-1330) and in the evening (1700-1800). The collected data were then being analysed and compared with the standard limit set by the Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE) to check whether the noise level at the study area comply with the limit recommended.



7th Dec (2nd session) (Track 2: HW – R4)Chair: Dr. Muhammad Fairuz Azmi, Co-chair: Dr Umi Marshidah Abd Hamid

Time Authors Title

1600-1610 Nor Aniza Azmi (Faculty of Health Sciences, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia); Sobhan Vinjamuri(Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospital Trust,United Kingdom); Hairil Rashmizal Abdul Razak (Facultyof Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

PET-CT in Oesophageal CancerManagement: A Cost EffectivenessAnalysis Study

The present investigation deals with the assessment of clinicians perceived views on the impact of PET-CT in oesophageal cancer management from practicality, clinical efficacy and cost -effectiveness point of views. Review of publication and retro-spective data to develop and carry out a decision making model-based economic evaluation to investigate the relative cost-effectiveness of PET/CT in oesophageal cancer management staging compared with conventional pathway. Clinicians identified from patient medical records included in the survey. Retrospective analysis of patient data from 2001-2008 taken from oesophageal cancer patient medical records and North West Cancer Intelligence Services (NWCIS) database. A decision tree was developed using TREEAGE software. The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis are presented in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). PET compared with conventional work-up results for ICER for the strategy estimated at £28,460 per QALY; PET/CT compared with PET for ICER was £ 32,590 per QALY; and the ICER for PET/CT combined with conventional work-up versus PET/CT was £ 44,118. The package become more expensive with each additional diagnostic test added to PET and more effective in terms of QALYs gained. The conventional work-up is the preferred options as probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £ 20,000 per QALY. Result of the current analysis suggests that the use of PET/CT in the diagnosis of oesophageal cancer is unlikely to be cost-effec-tive given the current willingness-to-pay thresholds that are accepted in the United Kingdom by decision-making bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.

1610-1620 Mohd. Fadzil Awang, Alicia Mindy Rogie and Hazilia Hussain(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nazri Che Dom(Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Effect of Temperature on the EmbryonicDevelopmental Duration of AedesAlbopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is known to be an invasive species and it became the main concern on the changes of climate that will cause the expansion and spreading of the mosquito populations. Therefore, this study was design to determine the development cycles of Ae. albopictus larval at different water temperatures and water holding containers in a controlled environment by using temperature regulated water bath to cover a range of temperature from 25ºC - 35ºC. The experiment was completely randomized in factorial 3 x 5 design (15 treatments), three populations (Selangor-strain, Malacca-strain and Sabah-strain) and three replications. The analysis is based on the observation of the immature stages development (days) in response to different water temperature regimes and types of water containers. The development between three different strains shows no significant different (p-value: 0.594), however the effect of water temperature on local strains shows that the temperature may shorten the development period of Ae. albopictus. This study concludes that the information on the

1620-1630 Elly Liyana Zainodin and Chen Ai Hong (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia)

Comparison Between Amblyopic andNon-Amblyopic Eyes in ChoroidalThickness

The purpose of this research was to report the choroidal thickness profile in myopic anisometropic amblyopia and to compare the thickness with the fellow eye. The choroidal thickness of a 9-year-old anisomyopic amblyopia was measured with the enhanced depth imaging of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Manual segmentation of the choroid was performed on a 25-raster horizontal scan. The thickness measurements of the 9 subfields defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) were evaluated. The average subfoveal choroidal thickness was 188.5±2.12 µm in the amblyopic eye, and 338±12.73 ± in the fellow eye. The choroid is thinner in amblyopic eye than that of the fellow eye at all regions. The horizontal and vertical distribution pattern of choroidal thickness in amblyopic eye was different from the fellow eye. In amblyopic eye the choroidal thickness reduced from the temporal region to the nasal region. The fellow eye has thick-est choroid at the subfoveal area, followed by the temporal region and nasal region.



Time Authors Title

1630-1640 Nazri Che Dom (Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia); Megat Azman Megat Mokhtar and CornelliaTata Australia (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Development and Oviposition Preferencesof Field Collected Aedes AlbopictusBased on Different Water Characteristics

Aedes species are rapidly adapting to environmental changes which subsequently change the preferences for it breeding. In the present study, evaluation of the larval development and oviposition preferences of field collected Aedes albopictus was carried out based on different water characteristic. The eggs of Ae. albopictus and the water samples were collected in UiTM Puncak Alam areas. The types of water samples used in this study are (i) distilled water (WT1), (ii) seasoned tap water (WT2), (iii) pond water (WT3), and (iv) drain water (WT4). Each types of water was sampled and tested by controlling the presence and absence of larvae food in the experiment. Development of immature stages in pond and drain water with the presence of food showed fast growth compared to the other types of water. Hatching rate was observed higher in all types of water with the presence of food. Seasoned tap water (7.14%) and pond water (8.08%) show high mortality rate. Mortality for adult emergence was high in drain water with a value of 15.48 percent. Oviposition preferences showed a significant difference between four types of water. The data generate from this study is important as a baseline data on development and oviposition for dengue vector control especially on the possibility and ability of Ae. albopictus to survive in specific water types as breeding sites.

1640-1650 Nurin Nadzlah Abu Bakar and Lyana Shahirah Mohamad Yamin(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Measurement of Trabecular BoneParameters with Different BoneThickness and Voxel Size in MiceUsing Micro CT

Micro-CT is one of the best modality in assessing bone morphology and microarchitecture in small animal models. Voxel size is directly related to the image resolution as it influences the bone morphology results. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects that different thickness of structures has on the trabecular bone qualitative parameters as well as to find out the most appropriate voxel size when scanning a certain or specific body part with different thickness. Five BALB-C breed mice carcasses were scanned using two different voxel sizes of 18 and 35 µm. The scanning acquisition time were recorded to be compared and the trabecular bone parameters measurement were taken. The Tb.N and Tb.Sp both increases in thicker structures meanwhile for BV/TV and Tb.Th the values are inconsistent with the increment of the structure thickness. The BV/TV, Tb.Th and Tb.Sp were higher in larger voxel size and vice versa for Tb.N. The scanning acquisition time had no apparent correlation with the trabecular bone parameters. The thickness of the bone structure does affect Tb.N and Tb.Sp significantly but less affecting BV/TV and Tb.Th. All trabecular bone parameters were found affected by the size of scanning voxel size used. The usage of 35 µm voxel is recommended to save time and give out less radiation dose to specimen unless the detailed features of the trabecular pattern is very important.

1650-1700 Mimi Sophia Sarbandi, Zolkapli Eshak, Nor Shahida AbdulRahman, Abu Thalhah Abd Aziz, Mohd Hamim Rajikin,Nooraain Hashim, Zatul Akmar Ahmad and Nor AshikinMohamed Noor Khan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Palm Tocotrienol-Rich-Fraction YieldsHigher Numbers of Normal EmbryosWhereas Alpha-Tocopherol ProducesHigher Preimplantation Survival inMurine Embryos

Vitamin E contains isomers of tocotrienols and tocopherols. Studies have shown that palm tocotrienol-rich-fraction (TRF) improves preimplantation development of murine embryos. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of TRF and α-tocopherol supplementation on preimplantation embryonic morphology, development and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Female C57Bl/6 mice were supplemented with 60 mg/kg body weight per day TRF and α-tocopherol for seven days. The females were superovulated and mated with fertile males to obtain 2-cell stage embryos. Initial assessment of normal and abnormal morphology was carried out on 2-cell embryos. The embryos were then cultured until the blastocyst stage. At the 8-cell stage, embryos were subjected to Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to observe their mitochondria. Results showed that palm TRF produced significantly higher numbers of normal 2-cell embryos compared with α-tocopherol (80.9% vs 31.4%) at p< 0.01. Alpha-tocopherol produced higher survival rate to the blastocyst stage compared with palm TRF (42.2% vs 20.6%) at p< 0.01. The TRF group showed more vacuolated mitochondria at 8-cell stage compared to the α-tocopherol group, which may have contributed to a decline in preimplantation survival rates.



Time Authors Title

1700-1710 Chen Ai Hong (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Muhamad Nurulain (Faculty of Health Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Muhamad Nurulain (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Contrast Ratio, Color Element andPolarity in Visual Acuity Measurements

We aimed to investigate the effect of contrast ratio, color element and polarity on visual acuity measurements. The visual acuity of 18 subjects was measured using 6 different modifications of Landolt C Chart in 4-meter LogMAR design: (M1) black-on-white [0.8 contrast ratio]; (M2) white-on-black [0.8 contrast ratio]; (M3) black-on-white [0.5 contrast ratio]; (M4) yellow-on-green [0.8 contrast ratio]; (M5) yellow-on-green [0.5 contrast ratio]; (M6) black-on-yellow [0.8 contrast ratio]. Com-parative analysis was performed to examine the effects of contrast ratio, color element and contrast polarity on visual acuity measurements. The visual acuity measurements was found to be significant different between 0.8 and 0.5 contrast ratio in both achromatic (black-on-white) and chromatic designs (yellow-on-green) [Friedman test: x2 (3) = 24.24, p < 0.05]. Interest-ingly, the LogMAR score was found to be different between black-on-white and black-on-yellow chart design when the contrast ratio remained constant at 0.8 [Wilcoxon signed-rank test: z = 2.950, p < 0.05]. However, the effect of the contrast polarity on the visual acuity measurements was not significant different between positive polarity (black-on-white) and nega-tive polarity (white-on-black) when the contrast ratio was controlled at 0.8 [Wilcoxon signed-rank test: z = 0.318, p > 0.05]. In conclusion, lower contrast ratio and middle wavelength color element reduced visual acuity performance. The effect of contrast polarity without color element on visual acuity measurements was negligible.

1710-1720 Norrabiátul Adawiyah Aziz (Faculty of Medicine,UiTM Sg Buloh, Malaysia)

Metabolomic Profiling of Serum in AgingMice Supplemented with Tocotrienol-RichFraction for Identification of FemaleReproductive Aging Biomarkers

Ovarian aging has been associated with increased oxidative stress leading to loss of ovarian function and infertility. Tocot-rienol, a potent antioxidant, has been proven to exert beneficial effects in the female reproductive system. Serum metabolites were analyzed to examine the biochemical changes and to identify biomarkers related to reproductive aging that could lead to poor embryo quality and development. Female Mus musculus mice were divided into four groups. Six-month-old mice were given tocopherol-stripped corn oil as a vehicle control while other groups were supplemented orally with tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) at doses of 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg bodyweight for two months, respectively. After two months, mice from all groups were superovulated, and euthanized. Embryos were collected at the 2-cell stage and cultured to monitor their devel-opment while serum was used for metabolomic analysis. The percentage of normal embryos and development of embryos to blastocyst stage were significantly higher in groups supplemented with TRF. A total of 71 metabolites that are related to reproductive aging were identified in all groups and significant changes were detected in metabolic pathways that include fatty acids, amino acids metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. These changes suggest that aging has a negative impact on cellular energy storage, energy metabolism and oxidative stress that subsequently affect female fertility. Supple-mentation with TRF reverses the changes on these metabolites and affected pathways. Thus, it appears that TRF exerts a



1. Ros Shilawani S. Abdul Kadir (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

6th Dec (Day 1) (Venue : Ballroom Foyer)

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) of Human BodyBefore and After Jogging

Authors Poster Title

This paper presents a research finding on the electromagnetic radiation of human body before and after jogging. The scope of this experiment is limited to 30 healthy participants from UiTM students with an age range of between 23-25 years old. The seven locations of chakra points were measured. The body frequency (in MHz) is captured using frequency detector by taking the reading of the frequency 5 times at each point at the same location; hence, the average value is calculated for data analysis. This frequency measurement is recorded two times which is before and after jogging with a consistence protocol for all participants. The data in terms of frequency (Hertz) is converted into 15 colours of bio-energies which symbolizes different energy field score. The score represents the health level of the samples at each chakra point. MATLAB programming tool is used to convert the frequency data into bio-energy colours and scores to attain the results. The finding shows that 63.3% of participants' health level improved after jogging. While 33.3% of participants had decrement in their health level and the rest maintained their health level before and after jogging. The results also indicate improvement in bio-energies score for five out of seven chakra points after jogging.

2. Norsyela Muhammad Noor Mathivanan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nor Azura Md Ghani (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Tracing Mathematical Function of Age SpecificFertility Rate in Peninsular Malaysia

The size, structure, and composition of a population are affected by the fertility rates at any point of time. Many researchers have taken the opportunity to exploit the fertility rates in the effort to obtain better fertility patterns for their country. The curve for the age specific fertility rate is consistent, and this feature allows the curve to be matched with a mathematical model. This paper aimed to identify the best mathematical model that fits the recent age specific fertility rate in Peninsular Malaysia. This study has fitted the fertility data of Peninsular Malaysia from 1996 to 2014 to the four mathematical models, which are Hadwiger, Gamma, Beta, and Gompertz models. Almost all of the mathematical models can fit well with the existing fertility data. From the comparisons of the four models, it was found that the best fitted mathematical model is Hadwiger model. In relation to the data of early 21st century, there is an inclination for the best fitted mathematical model from Hadwiger model to Beta model. Hence, the best mathematical model for each year can be used to convert a fertility schedule classified in a five-year age group into a fertility schedule for a single-year of age in Peninsular Malaysia. This model also can be helpful for population projections and various approaches in demographic estimation by using limited and defective data.

3. Siti Aishah Ishak and Husna Zainol Abidin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Improving Medical Adherence Among the ElderlyUsing Smart Medicine Cabinet Monitoring System(SMCMS)

Patients at home may forget to take their medicines on time, miss doses or even take overdoses. This particularly applies to the elderly at home. Hence, this paper presents a monitoring system to improve the medical adherence which is based on Internet of Things (IoT) concept known as Smart Medicine Cabinet Monitoring System (SMCMS). SMCMS is proposed to remind the elderly to take their medicines on time, to ensure that the elderly have taken their medicines and to notify the family member of the elderly about their medication intake. This paper presents a method of monitoring the medication intake of the elderly which is based on Internet of Things (IoT) concept to display the data on the web database. This system uses an Arduino microcontroller, a toggle switch, LCD Display, limit switch, alarm system and a Wi-Fi module. SMCMS is seen to be another alternative that would help the elderly especially who are living alone for their medication adherence to home-based treatment.

4 . Mathumalar Loganathan Fahrni (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Medication Adherence Patients' Satisfaction withTreatment and Glycaemic Control a Cross SectionalStudy of Hospitalised Patients with Type 2 DiabetesMellitus

In Malaysia, prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in 2015 was 17.5%, almost doubled since 1996. To effectively control Type 2 DM, adherence to anti-dia-betic treatment is important. A decrease in HbA1c levels is correlated with good adherence to treatment. Patients' satisfaction with treatment might influence their decision to adhere. Our study aimed to assess the relationship between treatment satisfaction and adherence levels among hospitalized, diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary, public-funded teaching hospital located in the urban area of Kuala Lumpur. Data from 490 patients with Type 2 DM were collected from March-June 2016. The Medication Compliance Questionnaire and Diab-Med-Sat were used to assess adherence and satisfaction respectively. The main outcomes were levels of medication adherence and satisfaction towards treatment. All data were entered into SPSS 21 and analysed. Eighty percent of the patients had low levels of adherence. Fifty nine percent [59.4% (291)] patients had HbA1c readings greater than 7.5% (poor control). Only 12% (n=59) of patients had good control of HbA1c. The mean score for satisfaction was 89.4% ± 8.2. Adherence score positively correlated with satisfaction (r=0.34, p<0.05). Similar positive correlation was found between adherence scores and age (r=0.31, p<0.05) as well as adherence scores and duration of illness (r=0.14, p<0.05). Positive associations were also found between adherence level and i) gender (X2=4.3, p=0.04) and ii) presence of comorbidities. The overall adherence score correlated positively to patients' satisfaction towards their treatment (r=0.34, p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between total satisfaction score and type of oral antidiabetic medication, those who were receiving oral formulations had higher satisfaction scores than insulin users. Satisfied patients were more adherent in taking their medications, improving their dietary habits, performing physical activities, and attending follow-up visits. In our sample of hospitalized patients, although level of adherence was low (albeit medium scores), patients' satisfaction level was high. Unsurprisingly, glycaemic control was poor. Keywords: adherence; treatment satisfaction, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

5 . Razif Dasiman, Mimi Sophia Sarbandi, Nor Shahida Abdul Rahman,Salina Othman, Fathiah Abdullah and Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Mitochondrial Function in Vitrified Versus Slow-Frozen Murine Embryos

The effects of vitrification and slow-freezing on mitochondrial functions of in vitro produced murine embryos at various developmental stages were investigated using the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Oocytes were obtained from superovulated females, fertilized with sperm and cultured. Resulting 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos were collected and cryopreserved by vitrification and slow-freezing. Mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker Red (CMXRos). Images were viewed by CLSM and analyzed using QWin SoftwareV.3. Fluorescent intensities were used to indicate viability. Results showed that mitochondrial fluorescence intensities of cryopreserved embryos were significantly lower as compared to non-cryopreserved embryos (p<0.01). Vitrification was found to be superior to slow-freezing at all developmental stages, based on mitochondrial function. diabetes mellitus.



6. Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nurul Shuhada Suhaimi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nur Asma Yahya (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Statutory and Policy Measures Overcoming PublicInformation Lock Out in Malaysia


This paper reports a study which proposed statutory and policy measures overcoming public information lock out in Malaysia. Public information lock out refers to the presence of the laws which impede the citizens' right to seek public sector information. In the absence of constitutional and right to information law, the citizens' right to seek public sector information could be impeded by existing legislation, in particular Malaysian Communications and Multimedia 1998 which empowers the Communications and Multimedia Commission and the Minister to prohibit public access to online contents under s 211(1) and s 266(1)(c), as well as Copyright Act 1987 which vests in the Government with the exclusive right to control public access to PSI through technological protection measure (s 36A). The study compared the laws and policies in the UK, Canada and New Zealand in order to identify the statutory and policy measures overcoming public information lock out. A cross-sectional survey was also conducted among 40 respondents from government agency, indepen-dent statutory body, civil society and academia. The findings of the survey help to provide an insight on the most appropriate statutory and policy measures in overcoming public information lock out in Malaysia.

7. Naffisah Mohd Hassan (Faculty of Business and Administration,UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Noorsuriani Maon and Erne Suzila Kassim(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Factors Influencing Individual Resilience in FacingEconomic Crisis: Does Financial Literacy Really Helps?

Malaysia was hit by an economic crisis in 1997, and the entire Southeast Asia was also gripped by an economic crisis of formidable proportions. At first, it was limited to Thailand's financial sector, but it quickly grew to engulf Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea as well (2011, Ismail). Now, new wave of economic crisis come again hitting Malaysia to which one lawmaker said it already started since 2015 (Shaffer, 2015). How will the new Malaysian society generation will cope with this crisis is the subject was in this study. This study seeks to empirically examine the factors contributing to individual resilience in facing economic and social changes during economic crisis. This study employed a correlational studies with cross-sectional research design for data collection. A total of 300 completed questionnaires was obtained and valid for data analysis. This study findings indicated that all factors investigated were significantly associated with individual resilience except for need for cognition factors due to sampling technique used.

8. Wan Razarinah Wan Abdul Razak, Ernie Eileen Rizlan Ross andKhairul Adzfa Radzun (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Green Algae ExtractAgainst Human Pathogen

Marine macroalgae (seaweeds) had been recently discovered to be a highly potential alternative to commercial drugs in terms of their antimicrobial properties. Thus, this provides new option in production of novel drugs in pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, extract of green algae from Halimeda sp. which were found abundance in the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia was evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Green algae collected from the intertidal zone of Pulau Singgah, Port Dickson were extracted using methanol and further screened for their antimicrobial activities against human pathogens which are Gram positive bacteria (B .subtilis, S. aureus and B. cereus), Gram negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli), yeast (C. albicans) and mold (Aspergillus sp.). by disc diffusion method. The results showed that methanol extract of Halimeda sp. was able to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, S. aureus and B. cereus. The highest zone of inhibition against B. subtilis S. aureus and B. cereus were recorded at 350 mg/ml concentrations with 13.67 ± 0.58 mm, 12.00 ± 0.00 mm and 9.67 ± 0.58 mm, respectively. Further tested with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) demonstrated that both values were between 9.37 mg/ml to 75 mg/ml. Ultimately, the profiling of methanolic extract of Halimeda sp. through the usage of Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) resulted in the discovery of majority semi-polar compound in the extract. As conclusion, the results suggested that the green algae from Halimeda sp. shows a potential as a good source of antimicrobial compound.

9. Amir Heberd Abdullah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia);Farah Ayuni Shafie (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Sundara RajanMahalingam, Chua Say Tiong and Kamaruddin Arshad (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Dried Squids (LoligoSp.) in Melaka Tengah District

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) in dried squids (Loligo sp.). Dried squid samples was purchased randomly from different markets in Melaka Tengah district. The sampling was according to species with size ranging from 30 to 40 cm. The samples were homogenized and then pounded to ash using muffle furnace. Then, it was analyzed using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectropho-tometer (GFAAS). The heavy metal concentrations was found to be in an order of Zn > Cu > Cd. All the studied heavy metal concentrations were below the maximum permissible levels postulated in Malaysian Food Act 1983 and its Regulations. The concentrations was also below the levels observed by several selected food safety guidelines. Hazard index for both batches of dried squids was less than 1.0 which indicates that the intake of heavy metals from the consumption of the dried squids does not pose a significant hazard to humans.

10. Azli Abd Razak (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Mohd Faizal Mohamad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nazirul Izati Rosli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Experimental Study on Net Flow Rate Generation InsideClosed Loop Mechanical Circulatory System UsingImpedance Pump

This research intent to analyse the performance of net flow rate inside closed loop mechanical circulatory system with single and double pinching impedance pumps which generates a unidirectional flow of fluid around closed loop of soft viscoelastic tubing. The experimental setup was consists of viscoelastic tubing connected between two ends of rigid tube which is rhythmically compressed or squeezed asymmetrically at varies frequency by motorized pinching, hence net flow of fluid around the tubing can occurred without valves. Experiment was tested on two different fluids properties namely Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid. The result shows that the flow rate inside closed loop system with double pinching are in good agreement. In addition the single pinching shows a lower flow rate compared to double pinching at higher frequency. The results could benefit as a model for new Mechanical Circulatory Support System use in cardiac patient as well as further explanation about the factor that will influence the characteristic of valve less impedance pump.



11. Zulkifli Abdul Ghaffar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Spray Characteristics and Internal Flow Structures ofSwirl Effervescent Atomizer


Spray characteristics and internal flow structures of an atomizer are important parameters in indicating their performances. Both parameters are affected by the operating conditions and atomizer geometries. The present study investigates the effect of operating conditions and atomizer geometries on spray angle, breakup length and gas core diameter of swirl effervescent atomizer. This work specifically was conducted to find the most critical parameters that have produced the required spray characteristics and internal flow structure. The atomizer performance tests were carried out using water as the working fluid and nitrogen gas as the atomizing agent. High-speed shadowgraph technique was utilized to record the videos of the spray and internal flow structures. The video recordings were converted to image sequences and analyzed using image processing software. Geometrical parameters found to be more dominant for characterizing the resultant sprays but operating conditions is more critical in affecting the internal flow structures. The widest spray angle (~25°) and shortest breakup length (~10mm) were observed at the high level of swirl-generating vane angle and discharge orifice diameter. Gas core diameter expanded up to 1.13mm at the high level of GLR.

12. Khairulmazidah Mohamed (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Stature Estimation Using Hand and HandprintDimensions Among Malaysian Population

Studies regarding estimation of stature are various as it is important for formulation of biological profile and is population specific. This study was conducted to estimate height using hand and handprint dimensions among Malaysian population. This study comprises of 200 voluntary male and 200 voluntary female subjects with age ranging from 20 to 60 years. Eight anthropometric measurements were taken on each hand and its corresponding prints. All the data was statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistic 19 software. The result indicated that hand length and handprint length has the strongest correla-tion with stature for male and female subjects. However, for unknown gender, it is showed that almost all of the hand dimensions measured in this study except for pinky finger length showed strong correlation with stature for both right and left hand while for handprint measurements, only hand length and palm length give better correlation with stature. Formulae for stature estimation using various hand and handprint dimensions are successfully derived for both linear and multiple regression for the ease of data availability in future use.

13. Anida Mahmood (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Fazlin Mohamed Zain andNurul Shuhada Suhaimi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Prevalent Culture of Online Shaming in Malaysia:A Case Study Involving UiTM Law Students

This paper aims to examine the prevalent culture of online shaming amongst UiTM law students in Malaysia. In achieving this aim, a survey among 320 UiTM law students was conducted. A self-developed survey questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. A cross-sectional data was collected from the survey population. The findings of the survey help to provide an insight on the prevalent culture of online shaming amongst UiTM law students in Malaysia. The research provides a beneficial input to the government, legislature and the public in raising awareness on the culture and legal consequenc-es of online shaming. The survey revealed that online shaming postings are commonly found in social media application like Whatsapp, Instagram, Youtube, Facebook and Twitter and the most prevalent offence or anti-social behaviour associated with online shaming is on sexism, racism or religious bigotry. The survey also revealed personal experience of the respondents in posting or being shamed online. Based on the findings, this paper concludes that the culture of online shaming in Malaysia is real and prevalent. In order to control the prevalent culture of online shaming, this paper recommends for an awareness programme on the negative effects of online shaming culture to be conducted among UiTM Law students and it can be extended to the public at large to emphasize on the legal implications of online shaming.

14 . Azzah Nazihah Che Abdul Rahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nur Hidayati Othman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nurhadibah Subri(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Nurliyana Che Mohamed Hussein(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Fazril Ahmad Fuad (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia)

Morphological and Performance Study of AluminaDisc Membranes

Ceramic membranes can be used for water separation and gas filtration owing to its chemical inertness, good mechanical and porous properties. In this work, a total of 18 ceramic membranes were fabricated by varying the parameters such as ceramic powder composition (Al2O3), solvent (DMSO) concen-tration in external coagulation bath, and sintering time. The morphologies of the prepared alumina disc membranes prepared were studied using digital microscope. In order to understand the effects of morphologies toward the permeation rate of the ceramic membranes-dead end water permeation tests and salt rejection tests were carried out to study the performance of the alumina disc membranes. Membrane 1 which was fabricated with 50% alumina loading, 0% DMSO in coagulant and sintering time of 8h was used as reference membrane. It was found that by increasing the alumina up to 65%, the structure become denser and water flux decreased up to 26%, while the salt rejected increased by 55%. Effect of increasing the solvent concentration in external coagulation bath was obvious in finger length which become shorter and performed 61% but fluctuates in salt rejection. Sintering time effect was not significant in salt rejection studies as it gives only small difference but increase in water flux because the longer sintering time cause the void to the membrane .Different results were showed and proved when varied the parameter. Alumina loading, DMSO concentration and sintering time do have effects on morphology and performance.

15. Syafiqah Aljunid (Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Occupants' Satisfaction Towards Interior DesignQuality at Inpatient Units of Public Hospitals inMalaysia: A Preliminary Analysis

Hospital building is one of the most complex building types. Although there has been substantial progress in the healthcare facilities in Malaysia, minimal progress has been made in the direction of inpatient units especially in public hospitals. Design quality of hospitals has an impact on healing process and quality of life among patients, staff and visitors. The most important measure in building's design quality is whether it satisfies the users' requirements. Therefore, this study aims to assess the design quality of inpatient units at public hospitals in Malaysia focusing on the interior design aspects. This study employed the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Five out of 13 public hospitals located in Klang Valley were randomly selected to evaluate the respondents' level of satisfaction to assess the quality of the interior environment. From the preliminary visits, most of these facilities suffered from faulty design. This is most probably the result of poor planning of the hospitals at the designing and construction stage due to lack of local experts and experienced personnel in hospital designing. Nearly two-thirds of the participants were not satisfied with the overall building spaces. Respondents were least satisfied with the wayfinding (28%) and furniture (26%) while safety features (59%) were the most satisfied aspect. This study will shed some light on the importance of interior design quality on determining the level of satisfaction among the users and provide input for healthcare planners to carefully evaluate their priorities in planning and designing successful hospitals in the future.



16. Mariam Felani Shaari (Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Sabarinah Sh Ahmad (Faculty of Architecture,Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Izaham Shah Ismail(Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Physical Environment of Malaysian PublicPreschools: Quality of Overall Planning


Several important action plans have been taken by the government over the years when it comes to protecting the natural environment. Despite continuous efforts made in preserving natural areas in Perak, many ecological destinations are still suffering from environmental degradation. This may due to lack of attentiveness and examinations on environmental issues. The existing literatures indicate a limited number of investigations on the factors affecting environmentally responsible behaviour among tourists in Perak. Consequently, this research attempts to present the notion of understanding through the empirical studies on environmentally responsible behaviour for strategies development with an emphasis on the role of facilitating conditions. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS was used for analysis. The major findings show that environmental concern and environ-mental knowledge are important for environmental attitude in order to cultivate the environmentally responsible behaviour among the tourists. Conversely, environmental facilitating conditions are directly related to environmentally responsible behaviour instead of having the moderating effect on environmental attitude. This study contributed in reassuring the tourists' participation in the environmentally responsible behaviour with commitment in environmental concern and interest in knowledge towards environmental and sustainability issues while visiting natural sites. It is implied that the government should focus on enhancing the effectiveness of campaigns awareness to encourage responsible behaviour among tourists at the natural environment destina-tions.

17. Mariam Felani Shaari (Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Sabarinah Sh Ahmad and Izaham Shah Ismail (Faculty of Education, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Physical Environment of Malaysian PublicPreschools: Quality of Building as a Whole

Preschool 'building as a whole' refers to the organisation, appearance, circulation, function, safety and environmental aspects of preschool settings holistically. High quality preschool 'building as a whole' is crucial in ensuring success of delivering lessons and learning, thus, gives children a strong foundation for a highly educated and successful adults in future. This paper explores and proposes an improvement to the 'building as a whole' quality of 26 Malaysian public preschool buildings in Klang Valley. Five major aspects of preschool building, namely i) Image and Scale, ii) Circulation, iii) Common Core of Shared Facilities, iv) Indoor Environmental Quality, and v) Safety and Security, are evaluated. Assessments are conducted in the natural setting of the preschools, using structured scoring through walkthrough observation using Moore (2010) Children's Physical Environment Rating Scale (CPERS5). The findings reveal varying degrees of 'building as a whole' quality among preschools. The average 'building as a whole' quality of studied preschool buildings is rated as Good. In total, 73.08% of the preschool buildings are rated as Good, none is rated as Excellent and Poor, while the remaining 26.92% of the preschools are rated as Fair. It is also revealed that most of the studied major building aspects are rated as Good quality. However, the Common Core of Shared Facilities aspect is only rated as Fair in most preschools, prompting urgent improvement. Recommendations of best practices discussed in this paper are hoped to guide stakeholders towards improving as well as building more preschools with Excellent quality rating in future.

18. Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Anida Mahmood and Fazlin Mohamed Zain (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Modalities to Address Legal Impediments to Citizens'Right to Impart Public Sector Information

Previous studies have identified a myriad of legislations i.e. Official Secret Act 1972, Penal Code, Printing Presses Publication Act 1994, Sedition Act 1948 and Evidence Act 1950 which impede citizens' right to impart public sector information. Despite the presence of Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 (WPA 2010), the Act expressly prohibits direct public disclosure. Further, the exercise of the right under WPA 2010 is subject to other written laws currently in force in Malaysia. In the absence of express constitutional provision and sui generis law on the right to information, any disclosure, publication, communica-tion or distribution of public sector information is subject to these impeding laws. This paper conducted comparative analysis of various modalities currently being practiced by selected countries to address legal impediments to citizens' right to impart public sector information. A survey was conducted among respondents from the government and non-governmental bodies to identify the most appropriate modalities to be adapted in Malaysia. The modalities to address legal impediments to citizens' right to impart public sector information have been proposed at the end of this paper.

19. Mohd Solahuddin Shahruddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Norazri Mohd Zaini and Mohd Yusra Abdulllah (Academy of Islamic Studies,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Paidi Norman and Muaz Mohd Noor(Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Che Zarrina Sa'ari (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)

An Analysis of Religious Extremism Factors andPreventive Strategies: al-Istisyrâq Orientalism as Impetusto Religious Extremism

There are various forms of religious extremism among Muslims in recent years. Al-Istisyrâq orientalism is one of the subversive elements that have silently been perverting some ignorant Muslims into becoming radicalised and literal minded. Al-Istisyrâq orientalism have in various ways been subverting Muslims since the times of colonialism down to present Western political and economic hegemonies and denial of Islam as contributor to knowledge and world civilizations in human history. Ignorant young Muslims are susceptible to religious extremism when surreptititously infilterated with distorted Muslim history and their failure to draw proper lessons from it. Misguided religious instruction and its literal approach is a destructive factor that affect internal built in mechanism among some Muslims. Prevention is made more challenging for not many Muslim scholars have been able to provide comprehensive prevention guidelines, thus religious extremism proliferates. Al-Istisyrâq Orientalism succeeds when Muslims are ignorant of the reality that Muslim civilization and knowledge have contributed immensely to world civilizations. Ignorant Muslims do not see it as a paradox to blindly imitate or follow ideologies opposed to Islam. Various forms of external diffusion have its precedence in Muslim civilization, either positively or negatively perceived. Yet, recent forms of religious extremism are alarming for it give rise to enmity and destruction of others as as legitimate among some misguided Muslim. This article shall briefly review some impact of al-Istisyrâq Orientalism, root causes and certain weaknesses among Muslims so as to contain the spread of religious extremism among Muslims.



20. Nor Azmaniza Azizam (Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia)

Team-Based Learning on Teaching Medical andHealth Terminology


Team Based Learning (TBL) is known as one of the compelling educational techniques which has subsequently increased the interest of many researchers for numerous conduct TBL is regarded to be significantly appropriate in tertiary education because it is able to expand various self-reliant skills of undergraduates which include communication, leadership, and problem-solving. The purpose of this research is to assess the maximum capability of TBL in the aspect of coaching and studying Medical and Health Terminology subject. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in this research for the purpose of exploring a full-scale of 42 undergraduates of Health Administration bachelor degree program matriculated at Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Campus Puncak Alam. In the case of this study, TBL was performed in two stages known as Individual Readiness Test (IRT) and Group Readiness Test (GRT). Furthermore, two important elements had been determined which are described as the competency of the undergraduates to develop and translate medical terminology, including their capability to illustrate anatomical structure of the Human Musculoskeletal System. The measurement of maximum capability was observed based on notable variance in the scores between IRT and GRT marks. The principal finding of this research had shown the presence of obvious variance in the score between IRT and GRT in one and the other elements. This further illustrates that the adoption of TBL has managed to gather a good feedback from the undergraduates, which also cultivated them to be savvy in the subject. The data obtained from the statistical analysis suggested that the score variance for the Medical and Health Terminology subject is highly influenced by the history of the undergraduates. Finally, the findings presented in this thesis add to the understanding that TBL should be well encouraged in all the classes of Health Administration degree program.

21. Husain Nor Azmawati (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka & Universiti Malaya,Malaysia); Sulaiman Mira Maisarah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka, Malaysia)

How Situational Factors at Workplace Affect WorkEngagement Among Public Administrators AMediation Moderated Framework

Situational factors at workplace may influence work engagement among employees. Ambiguity, imbalance and distributive fairness are among the situational factors that may affect work engagement among public administrators in Johor Bahru Tengah Municipal Council, Malaysia. With 169 respond the findings were derived. The survey data from respondents was analyse using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Finding showed that ambiguity, imbalance impaired work engagement. Meanwhile, distributive fairness significantly influence work engagement directly and indirectly. The results suggest that the influence of ambiguous situation at work decreased work engagement but can be improved, mainly through distributive fairness. Distributive fairness also moderated the linkage between ambiguous situational at work and work engagement

22. Caroline Henry (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nor Azura Md Ghani(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Halilah Haron (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Umi Marshida Abd Hamid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ahmad TaufekAbdul Rahman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Nexus Between Funding and Research Output:A Case Study in Universiti Teknologi MARA

In today's current economic state, there are serious competition in the higher education sector as institutions have to look for other funding sources other than the government. The state of economy' had affected a lot of sectors throughout the world including in Malaysia whereby universities are pushed to generate more income in order to support academic activities. This situation has proportionally increased pressure among new and growing researchers whom are new to the research field. Furthermore, funding had always played a role in the process of research as many have proven that there is positive correlation between funding and research impact. However, as financial sustainability has been the continuous problem that researchers have to face, institutions have to initiate new approaches in order to cultivate the research culture among staff academic and specifically to encourage new younger generation of researchers. This paper brings an idea on how with the aid of funding helps to boost the institution's research productivity. This study focuses on Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), the largest higher learning institute in Malaysia. Methods -Bibliometric approach were used in this study by investigating the effects on funding towards research output. Publications published by UiTM in 2012 to 2016 from Web of Science (WoS) were used to compare the impact of both funded and unfunded publications. Results -The findings showed that 32.53 per cent of the publication published from 2007 to 2016 are funded. Funded publication published in high impact journals have higher citation while half of the subject fields has a higher citation impact for funded publication compared to unfunded publication. The chemistry field received the highest funding while clinical medicine received the highest citation for funded publication in UiTM. Conclusions -Financial assistance is key for researchers to publish in high impact journals as it indirectly increases the institution's research productivity.

23. Anees Abdul Aziz (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Train Obstacle Detection System Using AVRMicrocontroller and SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

In Malaysia, railway is considered as the backbone of transport, connecting people from all across the country. With the current state of economy, more people prefer to choose train as main transportation especially in big city area such as Kuala Lumpur. With lower cost and relatively the safest form of transports compared to the other transports, like cars, motorcycles or busses, it is a wise choice to use train as daily commute transport. Nowadays, the rail traffic network in Malaysia are getting busier with trains traveling at higher speeds and carrying more passengers with heavier axle loads than before. With the increase of passenger, the risk involved in daily train operation will significantly increase. An improved safety system is required to keep up with the ever growing train loads. The proposed safety system is applied to alert the train operators. The whole system is comprised of an ultrasonic sensor connected to a database and an Atmega328P microcontroller mounted on a custom PCB board. It is found that the train in this country requires a distance of 77 meter in order to completely stop the train with regards to a few assumptions on the average mass and the speed of the train.



24. Zailelah Zainoldin, Hadariah Bahron and Mohamad Kamal Harun (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Karimah Kassim (Faculty of Applied Sciences,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Evaluation of Organic Coating by ElectrochemicalImpedance Spectroscopy


Electrodeposition of 4-hydroxybenzalaniline abbreviated as 4OH in alkaline solution on mild steel surface was successfully carried out using cyclic voltammetric technique. Brownish colour was observed on the mild steel surface after the cycle of voltammetric study. The presence of film was confirmed by the EIS measurement. The Nyquist plots obtained from EIS measurements were fitted with suitable electrical equivalent circuit. Results shows that coated mild steel exhibit better polarization resistance value than uncoated mild steel.

25. Nor Munirah Abdullah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Effect of Toxicity Concentration of Waste Lubricating Oil(Hazardous Noxious Substances) on Aquatic Life

This lab scale study aims to investigate the effect of different concentration of waste lubricating oil on the African catfish juveniles, Clarias gariepinus. Five different concentrations of waste lubricating oil were used for 96 hours period which are 0 ml/L, 5 ml/L, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/l, and 20 ml/L. After 96 hours of experiment, tank 4 which being added with 20 mL waste lubricating oil shows the highest percentage of fish mortality (100%) followed by tank 3 (95%), and tank 2 (76%) while the lowest percentage of mortality is recorded in tank 1 (19%). The result from the toxicity test showed that the higher the concentra-tion of waste lubricating oil, the higher the mortality rate of fish. The lethal concentration LC50 that caused 50% mortality of test fish was estimated at 8.1 ml/L. From the observation, waste lubricating oil which contains heavy metals had cause damage to renal and nervous system of fishes thus causing them to lost equilibrium and irregular vertical swimming that will finally cause death. It can be concluded that the harmful environment that will trigger death of fish will be created by indiscriminate discharge of waste oil into water bodies. Therefore, it is recommended to treat the wastewaters, sewage and industrial wastes before it is being discharged into the aquatic ecosystems to sustain the aquatic species for the future. The proper effluent treatment technology should be adopted to check the present of oil spillage in the water. The enforcement of laws and legislations related to the protection of aquatic environment must be enhance and take into considerations.

26. Norol Hamiza Zamzuri, Erne Kassim, Melissa Shahrom, Norshima Humaidi andErne Suzila Kassim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Examining Entertainment Gratification, InformativeGratification, Web Irritation and Self-Efficacy asMotivational Factors to Online Shopping Intention

The Internet technology and pervasive computing has provided consumers with privileges to shop online. In addition, the Industry 4.0 agenda has placed the business web and the social web as the ecosystem domains, which explains why online shopping is a norm today. While many studies have been conducted to investigate the determinants of consumers' intention to use online shopping, mixed results are always found, especially when the business take unique approaches for their digital presence. Besides, even though self-efficacy has been studied extensively in information system research, technological complexity has always given a challenge to consumers' computing ability. Building on the Use and Gratification Theory (GTA) and the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), this study aims to examine the relationships between entertainment gratification, informative gratification, web irritation and self-efficacy towards individual's intention to use online shopping. Using the quantitative survey approach, data was collected from 217 young executives who are frequent online shoppers. The results of the structural equation modeling suggest entertainment gratification, informative gratification and self-effi-cacy are the factors that derive consumers' intention to shop online. On the other hand, web irritation has no significant relationship with online shopping intention. The findings do not only capture the importance for web retailers to provide adequate buying-selling information and to provide the element of fun to the shopping portals, but it also suggests for the web retailers to provide less complicated online shopping features since consumers' ability to use the technology determines purchase behavior. The findings serve as future research agenda.

27. Norshima Humaidi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Vimala Balakrishnan(University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Exploring User's Experience Using E-NotificationManagement System

Technology is believed to give an impact on user's behaviour. Thus, e-notification management system prototype was developed to improve user's compliance behaviour towards Information Security Policies (ISPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how this prototype can be used to improve the security compliance behaviour among users through their experience of using the propose system. Eighteen (18) users from selected local hospitals in Malaysia were interviewed and the qualitative analysis found that Management Support, Information Security Awareness, Self-Efficacy, Security Barrier and Trust contributed to ISPs compliance behaviour. Furthermore, most of the participants were satisfied with the prototype system. The prototype is hoped to give benefits to organizations in implementing and distributing ISPs systematically, especially in healthcare sector.

28. Roslina Mohamad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Murizah Kassim and Shahrani Shahbudin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Power Harvesting Piezoelectric Shoe for ExternalPower Storage

The demands for portable energy source has increased because most portable electronic device needs the extra energy throughout the day due to the user's increase in power consumption. Hence, a piezoelectric power harvesting shoe circuit with storage mechanism capabilities is designed by using piezoelectric disc material, 1N4007 bridge rectifiers, USB cables, and an external power storage. Piezoelectric disc material of 27mm and 35 mm in size that produces AC voltage when applied pressure is embedded in shoe' insole and the output AC voltage is converted using a bridge rectifier for each material. The output is connected to a USB cable and can be connected to the external power storage during power harvesting. Different sizes of piezoelectric disc produce different amount of voltage and are also affected by the pressure applied to it. An amount of 5V is the requirements needed to charge an external device therefore the two materials of 25mm and 35mm disc are used. 27mm disc produces a voltage of 3V to 5v depending on the



29. Fadzliana Saad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Muhd Syamir Mohamad(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) forUniversity Student Health Monitoring


This paper presents the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) for student database to monitor health condition at the health center in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. The work focuses on system improvement for medical information validation presented by students at the UiTM health center. The main purpose is to develop GUI using Visual Basic that will be integrated with RFID system to capture and record the data of students. The next objective is to study on data transfer between RFID system and Visual Basic. Microsoft Visual Basic Express 2010 and Microsoft Office Access 2007 are utilized for the software part, which then combined with the RFID system. Data transfer between RFID system and GUI is accomplished with the support of RFID reader, RFID tags and the computer (host). The GUI is successfully developed for the medical practitioner at the health center and the lecturer at the faculty. The medical information given by the health center can be verified and accessed by the faculty. This system facilitates lecturer to easily verify if a student is absent from a class session due to sickness, since medical information can be viewed directly as provided by the medical practitioner.

30. Maizan Muhamad (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Design of Low Power LNA Using Gm-boostedTechnique for WLAN Applications

This paper presents the development of low noise amplifier integrated circuit using 130nm RFCMOS technology. The low noise amplifier function is to amplify extremely low signal without adding noise while preserving required signal to a noise ratio. A detailed methodology and analysis that leads to a low power low noise amplifier are being discussed throughout this paper. Inductively degenerated and Gm-boosted topologies are used to design the circuit. Design specifications are focused for 802.11b/g/n IEEE Wireless LAN Standards with center frequency of 2.4 GHz. The best low noise amplifier provides a power gain (S21) of 19.841 dB with noise figure (NF) of 1.497 dB using the gm-boosted topology while the best low power amplifier drawing 4.19mW power from a 1.2V voltage supply using the inductively degenerated.

31. Nur Izyan Syazwani Ismail (Faculty of Art & Design Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Shahriman Zainal Abidin and Rafeah Legino (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Mohamad Hariri Hj. Abdullah (Faculty of Art & Design Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia)

The Applications of Islamic Art Element in ModernFurniture Design Based on Normative, Reflective andHermeneutic Thinking Approaches

This paper discusses the three most prevalent elements of Islamic art that embedded in modern furniture. This study is isolated from three design thinking approaches. A comparative study has been executed between three most apparent elements of Islamic art, which are arabesque, calligraphy and geomet-rical. Those three types of design are applicable and relevant in modern furniture design nowadays. Therefore, the Islamic model was the paradigm in defining the furniture design character. The unstructured parameter within the appropriate method is a significant way of collecting the findings and usually used in the area of furniture design. The main findings of this study are in how Islamic pattern is linked with the artistic design elements. The outcome of this investigation is also contributing a significant tendency in contemporary furniture design thinking solutions. Finally, this paper ends with discussions on three type of design thinking, which is the hermeneutic, normative and reflective design that collaborates with the current modern furniture design.

32 . Ramzyzan Ramly (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Flight Technology & Test Center(FTTC), Malaysia); Rizal E. M. Nasir (Universiti Teknologi MARA & Flight Technology &Test Centre (FTTC), Malaysia); Zulkifli Mohamed (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Amir Radzi Ab. Ghani (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia

Multi-configuration Stiffened Panels UnderCompressive Load: Part 1 - Theoretical Analysis

This paper analyzes the critical loads of a multi configuration stiffened panels under axial compressive loading. This study comprises of two main segments where this part is the theoretical analysis and the second part will be comprising of numerical analysis and experimental analysis. This part is very important since the results of this part will be the main input parameter of the second part which is the experimental segment as well as finite element analysis.

33. Aimi Bazilah Rosli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Shafinaz SobihanaShariffudin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zaiki Awang (MicrowaveResearch Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Sukreen Hana Herman(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Thermal Chemically Deposited ZnO Nanostructures:Influence of Post-Deposition Annealing Temperatureon pH Sensor Performance

The zinc oxide nanostructures were deposited using thermal chemical vapour deposition (TCVD) at various post-annealing heat treatment ranging from 200-500 °C for 15 min in air ambient. The as-deposited sample was prepared for comparison. The deposited samples was tested its ability as sensing membrane for extended-gate field effect transistor (EGFET) pH sensor. The samples were characterized in terms of physical and also sensing properties. The FESEM image shows that the surface morphology of the samples were depends on post-annealing treatment. The as-deposited sample showed the highest grain size and un-uniformed structures. Applied the post-annealing heat treatment cause the surface morphology become more dense and uniform. The best post annealing treatment for EGFET pH sensor application was found at 300 °C with 48.2 mV/pH of sensitivity and 0.9646 linearity respectively. The sensing properties is increased with increasing the annealing treatment up 300 °C before decreased slightly when the temperature is above 400 °C.



45. Azmi Mat (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zarina Abdul Munir(University Teknologi Mara UiTM, Malaysia); Norliza Saiful Bahry (UniversityTeknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia); Nurliana Kori (UiTM, Malaysia)

Individual Factors Influence on Consumer ComplaintBehavior: The Case of Millennials


Understanding consumer complaint behavior is important in present competitive business environment as it serves as quality improvement tools in enhanc-ing customer experience. Complaint should not been viewed as a problem. Consumers today are better educated, more sophisticated, more demanding and are willing to pay for services that meet or exceed their expectations. They purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between attitude, knowledge, personality and consumer complaint behavior among Millennials. A survey was conducted in Shah Alam that involved 400 customers who experienced dissatisfaction of car vehicle repair services. The finding of this study indicates that only attitude and knowledge were statistically significant to consumer complaint behavior. Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction rating are good indicators of firm's performance to forecast future profit and return on investment. Therefore, service managers should continuously and increasingly use customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction index as a criterion for analyzing service performance to create more loyal customers.

46. Ariff Md. Ab. Malik and Hanitahaiza Hairuddin (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Nurfaznim Shuib (Univerisiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Openness to Experience - A Moderator Between SocialCommerce Success Factors and Customer SatisfactionRelationship: Facebook Brand Page Platform

Nowadays, the role of social media in marketing strategies is undeniable. Facebook brand page is one of the platforms used by the marketers to promote their products. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Openness to Experience personality moderates the relationship between Information System Success (ISS) factors and customer satisfaction using a sample of 354 customers from three different Facebook brand pages. The result found that the Openness to Experience personality effect the relationship between ISS factors and customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, the Information Quality is the most important factor that influences the customer satisfaction towards social media applications.

47. Erne Suzila Kassim and Thareq Ariffin Mohd Tajmi (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia); Naffisah Mohd Hassan (Faculty of Business and Administration;Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi (Universiti TeknologiMalaysia, Malaysia)

Linking Dynamic Capability and Innovation Strategy toSocial Enterprise Performance A Conceptual Mode

In this paper, we offer a conceptual model for social enterprise (SE) performance that emphasizes on the roles of dynamic capabilities and innovation strategies. SE is vital as the third sector economy that addresses on the social, economic and environment agenda. Studying the phenomena of social entrepreneurship and explaining the social enterprises' unique behaviors, characteristics, and typologies will advance research for creating sustainable public wealth. The model offers an opportunity for evaluation and validation through variety of research design and settings, and could be of interest to many. Ultimately, it could be used to quantify the contributions of social enterprises as the third sector economy.

48. Nurul Shuhada Suhaimi (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nur Asma Yahya and Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia); Anida Mahmood and Fazlin Mohamed Zain (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia)

The Efficacy of Online Shaming as a Modality for SocialControl: A Survey Among UiTM Law Students

This paper aims to examine the efficacy of online shaming as a modality for social control. Social control refers to the processes of regulating individual or group behaviour in a society, to encourage conformity and obedience. To achieve this aim, a survey amongst 320 UiTM law students was conducted. A self-developed survey questionnaires with five point-Likert scale was used as the instrument for data collection. A cross-sectional data was collected from the survey population. The findings of the survey help to provide an insight on the efficacy of online shaming as a modality for social control. The research provides a beneficial input to the policy makers on the worthiness of considering online shaming as formal sanction. The survey reveals that online shaming is open to abuse where it has been used as a platform to shame, to exact revenge, to intimidate and to condemn people or wrongdoers. This paper concludes that the efficacy of online shaming as a modality for social control is answered in negative, thus not suitable to be regulated as a formal sanction.

44. Herwina Rosnan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Nuraisyah Chua Abdullah (MARA Unveristy of Technology, Malaysia);Norzayana Yusof (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia);Muhammad Syukri Abdullah (Faculty Business Management, Malaysia)

Firms' Readiness to Internationalization

This study addresses primary issues on the internationalization readiness among Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Four factors namely foreign distribut-ing, foreign marketing, foreign network and entry strategy are examined to help in enhancing the understanding on internationalization readiness among SMEs. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these exogenous variables on internationalization readiness among SMEs companies in Malaysia. The methodology utilizes primary data from questionnaires which were administered to a sample of 190 SMEs in Malaysia. These self-admin-istered questionnaires were distributed using the non-probability sampling technique which is purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Internal Consistency - Composite Reliability (CR), Indicator Reliability - Indicator Loadings, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) (Convergent Validity), Fornell Larcker Criterion (Discriminant Validity), Standard Beta, T-value, Effect Size (f2) and R Square were employed. Analysis method was performed by using Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) path model analysis. The result shows that all factors were significantly correlated to Internationalization Readiness. Further, this paper offers discussions and conclusions.




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Maizatul Zolkapli (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia) Neural Network Algorithm Development for Ion SensitiveField Effect Transistor (ISFET) Sensor

Ion Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor, which later in this paper will refer as ISFET is a kind of sensor that able to differentiate the ion by replacing the gate of the FET with electrode and the membrane. Membrane acts as selector for the ions. The sensor detects the ions and converts it into electrical signal. However the sensor has weakness to detect main ion from the interfering ion in the mixed solution when the ions have same characteristic. For this project, potassium ion (K+) and ammonium ion (NH4+) will be used as the sample as both ions have similar size. To overcome the problem, the sensor needs to be trained for pre-calibrate and pre-process by developing a model of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The ANN makes the model learn the pattern by the sample of inputs and outputs to estimate results or to get more accurate data. Backpropagation is used as the learning method of ANN model. The algorithm will be developed in MATLAB. The objective of this project is to develop ANN model for ISFET sensor that able to estimate the main ion in mixed solution by learning the pattern of the input and output of the sensor. The ANN model performance can be optimized by altering certain parameters in the learning algorithm. The results show that the model is able to predict with 97% accuracy and has strong and precise estimation ability with R-factor of 91.55%.

Rozila Alias (Universiti Selangor & Institute of Bio-IT, Malaysia); Mohd AfiqMohd Azis (Universiti Selangor, Malaysia); Haslinda Wan Hamat (UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu, Malaysia); Jayanthi Elangovan, Yusmi Mohd Yunus,Norhatiah Md Lias and Siti Hasmah Mohtar (Universiti Selangor, Malaysia);Mohd Nizam Nizam Lani (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia)

Prevalence Of ESBL-Multiple Antibiotic Resistance InEscherichia Coli Isolated From Keropok Lekor

Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E.coli) has become more powerful pathogen due to the widespread use of multi-antibiotic. The antibiotic has lost its ability to effectively control or kill the pathogenic growth. This causes a vast problem in the healthcare of humans and animals when it becomes untreatable. The purpose of this study is to isolate and screening the E.coli ESBL multiple resistance using 8 antibiotics which isolated from keropok lekor, Terengganu. Several steps were done through by the isolation steps, selective media, biochemical test and gram stained. The genomic DNA of isolates were extracted and amplified of 16S rDNA and sent for sequencing to identify the species. From the results, 14 isolates of E.coli are resitance to antibiotic susceptibility test were done and were sensitive to Cefoperazone (10 isolates), Ciprofloxacin (13 isolates) and Gentamicin (11 isolates) while 7 to 12 isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (12 isolates), Ceftazidime (11 isolates), Ceftriaxone (12 isolates), Erythromycin (8 isolates) and Tetracycline (7 isolates). The phenotypic identification methods were used to categorize into non-MAR and ESBL MAR after antibiotics inhibition zone of all isolates were analyzed. 13 isolates were identified as ESBL producer which shows resistant towards at least one of the β-lactam antibiotic while only one of the 14 isolates namely EC20 was identified as non-multi antibiotic resistant. In conclusion, these studies are important to improve our understanding on MAR mechanism and enhance people awareness on consumption of natural medicine product rather than antibiotic.

Sponsored by:

Organized by:

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (CAWANGAN MELAKA)

6-7 2017 d e c the pine s melaka m a l a y s i a prof. ir. dr. hj. abdul rahman omar, jsm advisor...

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