65 chapter 1: the history of special effects pre-1940: prehistoric special effects 1933 - king kong...
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTSPre-1940: Prehistoric Special Effects
1933 - King Kong
1925 - The Lost World1926 - Metropolis
1936 - Things To Come
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1940-1950: Ancient Special Effects
1941 - Citizen Kane
1950 - Destination Moon1949 - Mighty Joe Young
1940 - The Thief Of Bagdad
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1951-1959: Medieval Special Effects
1959 - Darby O’Gill And The Little People1956 - Forbidden Planet1954 - 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea1953 - The War Of The Worlds
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1960-1969: Renaissance Special Effects1963 - Jason And The Argonauts1963 - The Birds1966 - Fantastic Voyage1968 - 2001: A Space Odyssey
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1970-1978: Revolutionary Special Effects1973 - The Exorcist1974 - Earthquake1977 - Close Encounters Of The Third Kind1977 - Star Wars: A New Hope
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1979-1981: Antebellum Special Effects
1980 - Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back1981 - Raiders Of The Lost Ark1981 - An American Werewolf In London
1979 - 1941
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1982-1984: Reconstruction Special Effects1982 - Blade Runner
1983 - Star Wars: Return Of The Jedi1982 - Tron
1984 - The Last Starfighter
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1985-1988: Depression Era Special Effects
1986 - Aliens1988 - Willow1988 - Who Framed Roger Rabbit?
1985 - Young Sherlock Holmes
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1989-1994: Atomic Age Special Effects
1994 - Forrest Gump
1991 - Terminator 2: Judgment Day1993 - Jurassic Park
1989 - The Abyss
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS1995-1999: Flower Power Special Effects
1997 - Titanic1999 - Star Wars: The Phantom Menace1999 - The Matrix
1995 - Toy Story
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS2000-2003: Disco Fever Special Effects
2002 - Star Wars: Attack Of The Clones2002 - The Lord Of The Rings: The Two Towers2003 - The Matrix Reloaded
2001 - The Lord Of The Rings: The Fellowship Of The Ring
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CHAPTER 1:THE HISTORY OF SPECIAL EFFECTS2003-2005: Me Generation Special Effects2003 - The Lord Of The Rings: The Return Of The King2003 - The Matrix Revolutions2005 - Star Wars: Revenge Of The Sith2005 - King Kong
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSColor
The thin layer of nerve cells at the back of the eye is called the retina.The light sensor cells on the retina that detect illumination are called rods.The section of the retina that reacts to color is called the fovea.Located within the fovea are highly sensitive light sensor cells called cones.
The Tristimulus Theory of Color hypothesizes that each cone is sensitive to red, green, or blue light, and that all colors are essentially combinations of R,G, and B.
High Red + High Blue = Magenta
High Blue + High Green = Cyan
High Green + High Red = Yellow
High Red + High Green + High Blue = White
??? Red + ??? Green + ??? Blue = BrownBrown
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSColor-Blindness
DeuteranopesBlues and magentas are perceived as violets.Greens and oranges are perceived as yellows.Cyans and reds are perceived as white.
TritanopesOranges and magentas are perceived as reds.Greens and blues are perceived as cyans.Yellows and violets are perceived as white.
ProtanopesViolets and magentas are perceived as blues.Greens are perceived as yellows.Reds and oranges are perceived as grays.
Over 2% of people (mostly male) suffer from some form of color-blindness
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSTravelling MattesMattes are background images in front of which foreground actors are placed in order to indicate that the action is taking place in the setting represented by the background.
When the background itself is composed of moving images, it is known as a travelling matte.
The “Fraggle Rock” character, Travelling Matt, was given his name as an inside joke, since the show frequently inserted its characters in front of prerecorded images of underground caves.
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSRotoscopingFilmed images of real objects are traced and replaced with artificial objects or other filmed objects that are placed into the removed silhouette.
Actor replaced with stylized rendering in “A Scanner Darkly”
Glowing light saber replacing
simple rod in “Star Wars: The
Phantom Menace”
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSChroma Key Masking
This technique blends images by removing one color (usually a specific shade of blue or green) from one image and inserting what’s left into the other (background) image.
Green-screening in “Sin City”
Rotoscoping JFK and blue-screening Tom Hanks in “Forrest Gump”
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSOptical Printing
Multiple film projectors are mechanically linked to a movie camera to combine several film elements into a single scene.
Identical twins in “Dead Ringers”
Deep focus in “Citizen Kane”
Inserting riders onto computer-generated cycles in “Tron”
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSRear & Front ProjectionWith rear projection, actors perform in front of a screen while a projector positioned behind the screen casts a reversed image of the background.
With front projection, the background image is projected onto the actors and a screen covered in highly reflective Scotchlite.
The image is faint enough to be virtually invisible on the actors but is reflected back 1000 times stronger from the reflective screen.
Rear projection in “North By Northwest”
Front projection in “2001: A Space Odyssey”
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CHAPTER 2:OPTICAL EFFECTSMorphing
Smoothly transitioning between the vertices of one object into the vertices of another object produces a dramatic visual effect.
Mystique morphing in “X-Men”
Wrong grail scene in “Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade”