6th grade science unit 1: setting things in motion pop-out ......student version stanford ngss...

StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit1:SettingThingsinMotion

Pop-Out1:EngineeringforEquity

StudentVersion StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum2018 1

Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:Howcanweuseengineeringtoprovidemoreaccessforpeoplewithdisabilities?Theroleofanengineeristotacklesomeoftheworld’sbiggestproblems.Indoingso,theyhavecreatedtechnologiesthathavecompletelychangedtheworldwelivein.Someofthesetechnologiescanimprovethewayallofuslive.However,sometechnologiesspecificallytrytoimprovethelivesofthosewithdisabilitiessotheycandosomeofthesamethingsotherpeopledo.Inthisunit,youhavebeenthinkingaboutanactivitythatrequiresyourbodytomakeanobjectmove.Whataboutpeoplewhoaren’tabletodothisphysicalactivitybecauseofadisability?Howcanwemakethisactivityaccessibletoasmanypeopleaspossible?InthisPop-Out,youwillresearchdesignsthatengineershavecomeupwithtomakedifferentactivitiesaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilities.You’llusetheseasinspirationtobrainstormideasforyourownactivity.EngageWhenwethinkofengineers,weoftenthinkofadults.However,studentscanbeengineersaswell!

1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideoshowinghowagroupofstudentsengineeredasolutionforachildwithadisability:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwCL0BEUXjs.Thendiscusswithapartner:

a. WhatneeddidCillianhave?WhatproblemwerethestudentstryingtosolveforCillian?b. InwhatwaysdidthisdesignsolutionmaketheworldmoreaccessibleforCillian?Howmightit

benefitotherkidsandadults?c. Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkthestudentsbenefited,learned,orgrewfromthisengineering

experience?

2. Foryourculminatingproject,youpickedanactivitythatalsorequiresmovements.Withyourgroup,discuss:

a. Inwhatwaysmightyouractivitybedifficultorimpossibleforsomepeopletodo?

b. Brainstormsomeinitialideasofwhatyoucouldengineer(design)sothatmorepeoplecoulddothisactivity?




ExploreEngineershavebeenworkingforyearstodesignsolutionsthatmakeiteasierforpeoplewithdisabilitiestodoeverydayactivities,includingthosethatinvolvemovingobjects.Asagroup,

1. Researchexamplesofsolutionsthatengineershavedesignedtoimprovethelivesofpeoplewithdisabilities.Asyouresearch,recordnotesinthetablebelow:

Solution Howdoesithelppeoplewithdisabilities? Wouldithelpapersonwithadisabilitydoyouractivity?Ifyes,how?




2. UseyourresearchasinspirationtobrainstormapotentialsolutiontomakeyourCulminatingProjectActivitymoreaccessibletosomeonewithadisability.Describeyoursolutionbelow:

Explain

1. Asagroup,preparea1-2minutepresentationtoshareyoursolutionwiththeclass.Inyourpresentation,include:

• Whatyouractivityis• Whatmightmakethisactivitydifficultforsomeonewithadisability• Whatyoursolutionisandhowithelpstosolveaproblem• Whatresearchinspiredyoursolution

2. Presenttotheclass,makingsureeveryoneinthegroupshares.

3. Asaclass,discusshowsomeofthesesolutionsmightbeusedformanydifferentactivities.

ElaborateManyofthesolutionsyouresearchedandpresentedwereengineeredtomakeanexistingactivitymoreaccessibletopeoplewithdisabilities.However,whatifweinsteaddecidedtoalwaystrytoengineerproductsandenvironmentstobeusablebyallpeoplefromtheverybeginning?

1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideoaboutanewapproachtoengineeringcalled“UniversalDesign”:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVdPNWMGyZY(5:05–10:10).

2. Withapartner,discuss:a. DescribetheexampleofUniversalDesignheusedinthevideo.

b. Canyouthinkofanotherexampleyouhaveseenintheworldthatnotonlyworksforpeoplewithdisabilities,butalsoforeveryone?




c. WhydoyouthinkUniversalDesignmightbeagoodidea?EvaluateandReflectionIndividually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestionsbelow:

1. Lookatthepicturesandthecaptionsbelow.

http://agentsofgood.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Equality-vs-Equity-Illustration3.jpg

a. Howdoyouthinkthephotosshowthedifferencebetweenequality,equity,andjustice?

b. Lookatthepictureontheleft:whycanonlypracticingequaltreatmentsometimesbeaproblem?




2. Whydoyouthinkitisimportantforustopracticeusingequityorjustice,insteadofjustequality?

3. Howcanengineeringbeusedtopromoteequityandjusticeforallhumanbeings?

StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit2:ExtremeLiving

Pop-Out2:EquityinSTEM


Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:IstherediversityinSTEMandwhydoesitmatter?Inthisunit’sculminatingproject,yourjobistodesignaproductthatmakesitmorecomfortableforpeopletoliveinextremeclimates.Whatyouaredoingisengineering!EngineeringispartofalargercategoryyoumayhaveheardofbeforecalledSTEM–Science,Technology,Engineering,andMath.Inthelast30years,STEMjobshavegrown79%andtheyoftenpayamuchhighersalarythannon-STEMjobs(seegraphtoright).Withlotsofjobsavailableandhigherpay,youmightthinkallkindsofpeopledecidetoworkinSTEMprofessions!InthisPop-Out,youwillexplorewhoworksinSTEMfieldsandwhythismattersfortherestofsociety.EngageInnovationsfromSTEMfieldsareallaroundyou,affectingmostaspectsofyoureverydaylife!Howdidtheseinnovationscomeaboutandwhodidtheycomefrom?

1. Individually,thinkaboutwhenyou’veactedlikeanengineer,forexamplewhenyoudesignedasolutiontoaproblem:

a. Doyouthinkyou’dcomeupwithabettersolutiononyourown,orifyouhadachancetoshareideaswithothers?Why?

b. Let’ssayyoudecidetoworkwithateam.Doyouthinkyou’dcomeupwithabettersolutionifyourteamwasmadeupofpeoplewithidenticalbackgrounds,perspectives,andexperiences?Or,doyouthinkyoursolutioncouldbeimprovedbyworkingwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,perspectives,andexperiences?Why?

2. Diversityreferstodifference.DoyouthinkdiversityisimportantinSTEMfields?Why?Shareyouropinion,firstwithapartnerandthenwiththeclass.




ExploreYou’vediscussedwaysinwhichdiversityisgoodforSTEM.Let’sexplorehowdiverseSTEMfieldsactuallyare.YouwillbegivenfourResearchCards.EachcontainsadifferentgraphofdatathatshowsthegroupsofpeoplerepresentedinSTEM.Asagroup,revieweachResearchCardandusethegraphanalysisquestionstohelpyouunderstandeachsourceofdata.Fillinthegraphicorganizerwithyournotesbelow:ResearchCard#

Whatisthisgraphabout? DiscussionQuestions

1 Isthereahigherfemale-to-maleratioinnon-STEMorSTEMfields?AretheremorewomenormenmajoringinSTEMfields?

2 AretheremorefemalesormalesineachSTEMeducationlevel?AtwhatlevelofSTEMeducationistherethemostdifferencebetweenthepercentageoffemalesandmales?

3 WhichracialgroupholdsthelargestpercentageofSTEMjobsandwhichracialgroupholdsthelowestpercentage?WhichSTEMfieldhasthemostwhitepeople?WhichSTEMfieldhasthefewestunderrepresentedminorities(BlackandHispanicpeople)?

4 Whichracialgroupismostrepresented(largestbar)andwhichracialgroupisleastrepresented(smallestbar)ateachProfessorRankLevel?




AtwhichProfessorRankistherethemostdifferencebetweenwhiterepresentationandrepresentationofotherraces?

ExplainNowthatyouhaveseenthedata,howwouldyouexplaintheamountofdiversityinSTEMtoanotherperson?Individually,filloutthegraphicorganizerbelowtohelpyoudescribediversityinSTEM,citingevidencefromthegraphs.

ClaimAboutDiversityin

STEM

Accordingtodata,wouldyousaythereisalackofdiversityinSTEM,lotsofdiversityinSTEM,orisittoodifficulttotell?

EvidenceofGenderDiversity

(Describewhatyousawin

Graphs1and2)

Evidenceof

RacialDiversity

(Describewhatyousawin

Graphs3and4)




ElaborateToaddressthislackofgenderandracialdiversityinSTEM,weneedtobetterunderstandwhyitmightbehappening!

1. Individually,readandannotatethearticle,“WhyAreWeSeeingaLackofDiversityinSTEM?”

2. Withapartner,filloutthetablebelow:

a. FirstRow:DescribethreepossiblereasonsforthelackofgenderandracialdiversityinSTEM.b. SecondRow:Brainstormatleastonestrategytoaddresseachissuedescribedinthearticle.

ReasonsFortheLackof

GenderandRacialDiversityinSTEM

StrategiestoBringMoreWomenand

UnderrepresentedMinoritiesintotheSTEM

Field

3. Asaclass,shareideasoutandmakeaposterofpotentialstrategies.




EvaluateandReflectIndividually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestionsbelow:

1. WhatdoyouthinkaresomebenefitstohavingamorediverseSTEMworkforce?

2. Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaystoaddressthediversityissue?

3. DoyouwanttoworkinSTEMwhenyougetolder(asascientist,engineer,ormathematician)?

a. Whyorwhynot?

b. IfyouwereinterestedinSTEM,whatwouldhelpyoufeelmoresupportedinpursuingthistypeofcareer?

StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit3:NatureViaNurturePop-Out3:GeneticTesting–AccessDenied


Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:Howisgenetictestingimportantforourhealthandwhohasaccesstoit?Youhaveexaminedalotofscientificevidencearoundthenaturevs.nurturedebateandfoundthatbothgeneticsandenvironmentaffectthetraitsoforganisms.Studyinganorganism’senvironmentisnotdifficult—wesimplyobserveanorganism’shabitat.However,tofigureouthowanorganism’sgeneticinformationaffectshowitlooksorbehaves,maynotbeassimple.InthisPop-Out,youwilllearnabouttheriseofgenetictesting,includingwhyitissoimportantinmodernmedicineandwhohasaccesstoit.EngagePerfectpitchisoneofthosetraitsthatweknowishereditary,ordeterminedbyagenevariationpassedonfromafamilymember.48%ofpeoplewithperfectpitchhaveacloserelativewithperfectpitch,comparedtoonly14%ofpeoplewithoutperfectpitch.Havingperfectpitchmeansyouareabletorecognize,ormakeatonewithoutanotherreference,likehearingthetoneornoteonapiano.Here’swhereitgetsinteresting!Evenifachildhasthegeneticvariation,theyneedearlymusicaltrainingbeforeagesixinordertoactuallydevelopperfectpitch.Thismeans,withoutknowingit,someofyoumayhavethegeneticvariationforperfectpitchandnotevenknowit!Withapartner,discuss:

1. Doesthissupporttheargumentfornature,nurture,ornaturevianurture?Why?

2. Whydoyouthinkthiswouldmakesomeonewanttoknowmoreabouttheirgeneticmakeup?

3. Genetictestingisnotasimplemedicaltest.Itusescomplexmachinesandhighlytrainedprofessionalstointerprettheresults.Thismeansgenetictestingisveryexpensive!

a. Whatdoyouthinkthismeansforwhogetstofindoutabouttheirgeneticmakeup?



ExploreKnowingwhetheryouhavethegeneticvariationforperfectpitchmaynotseemlikethebiggestpriority.However,therearelotsofothergeneticvariationsthatcanhaveabigimpactonyourhealthandthehealthofyourchildren.Forexample,somegeneticvariationsaffectthewayyourcellsororgansfunction,orwhetheryoumaydevelopcertaindiseasesinyourlifetime.So,howcanwefindoutmoreaboutourgeneticmakeup?GenetictestingisamedicaltestthatlooksforanydifferencesinyourDNAcodethatcancauseyoutodevelopand/orpassoncertaindiseases.Rememberthatyouinheritpartofyourgenes,orDNAcode,fromyourmotherandsomefromyourfather.Asagroup,pickoneofthefollowingpatientsandwatchavideooftheirstorytolearnmoreaboutwhatgenetictestingcandoandwhyitisimportant:

• Paige’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UHg0oEqdAg• Nicole’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7u3A1WMT5s• Jessica’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFjv5vae1J8• Conner’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOJ9LpNRg3Q• NicoleR.’sStory:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvUmsi5gZY0

Takenotesintheboxbelow.Youwillusethesenotestoprepareapresentationabouthowgenetictestinghelpedyourpatient.



ExplainGenetictestingisimportantformanydifferentpurposes.Sinceothergroupsinyourclasschosedifferentpatientstories,youcanlearnaboutsomeofthesedifferentpurposesfromeachother.

1. Asagroup,createapresentationtoshareyourpatient’sstory.Inyourpresentation,makesuretoincludethefollowing:• Abackgroundofyourpatient• Adescriptionofwhatmedicalissuesorproblemsyourpatientwasfacing• Anexplanationofhowgenetictestinghelpedyourpatientand/oryourpatient’sfamilymembers

2. Afterhearingaboutallthepatients’stories,discussasagroup:

• Whatarethedifferentbenefitsofgenetictesting?• Whyisgenetictestingimportantforhealthoutcomes?Preparetoshareoutideasasaclass.

ElaborateYouhaveseenthatgenetictestingcanplayanimportantroleinmanypeople’shealth.Sinceitissoimportant,itseemslikegenetictestingshouldbeavailabletoeveryone.Butisit?

1. Individually,readandannotatethearticlebelow,“WhoHasAccesstoGeneticTesting?”

WhoHasAccesstoGeneticTesting?

Genetictestinghasbeenontherise,helpingdoctorstoprevent,diagnose,andtreatmorediseases.However,researchhasshownthatminorityandlow-incomegroupsaremuchlesslikelytoreceivegenetictesting.Researchshowsthatamajorreasonforthisiscost.Genetictestingisveryexpensive,andprivateinsurancecompanieswillonlypayforitifthepatientmeetsspecificconditions.Forexample,aninsurancecompanymayonlyallowsomeonetogettestingforaspecificdiseaseiftheyhaveotherfamilysufferingfromthesamedisease.Otherdataalsoshowsthatminorityandlow-incomegroupsarelesslikelytoevenhavethatprivatehealthinsurance.Thesearejustsomeofthereasonswhymanypeopleoftencannotaffordthisexpensivegenetictesting.Anotherchallengeminorityandlow-incomegroupsfaceisnotknowingthatgenetictestingisavailableornotgettingenoughunderstandableinformationfromtheir



doctor.Iftheydon’tknowthatgenetictestingasanoption,theycan’taskforit.Forexample,researchshowsthatwhitewomenaremorelikelytorequestgeneticcounselingforbreastcancerthanwomeninminoritygroups.Lastly,studiesindicatethatthereisoftenlesstrustinthemedicalsystemamongminoritygroups.Manyindividualsreportconcernabouthowtheirgenetictestresultswillbeused.Forexample,researchhasshownthatAfricanAmericanwomenperceivethattherearemorerisksandlimitationstogenetictestingthanothergroups.Howwillthisaffectthehealthofpeopleinthesegroups?Isthisfair?

AdaptedFromTheFollowingSources:

• https://www.nature.com/articles/gim200997• https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/genetic-testing-threatens-to-widen-health-

disparities/424144/

2. Withapartner,discussthearticleandanswerthequestionsbelow.Bepreparedtoshareideaswiththe

class.a. Whichgroupsofpeopleusuallyhavelessaccesstogenetictesting?

i. Whatthreereasonsdoesthearticlegivetoexplaintheirlackofaccess?

b. Thinkaboutthestoriesyouheardandhowthepatientsbenefitedfromgenetictesting.Whymightitbeaproblemifcertaingroupsofpeopledonothaveaccesstogenetictesting?

c. Howcanyouseethisbeingaproblemforoursociety?



EvaluateandReflectIndividually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestionsbelow:

1. Howcangenetictestingbeusedfor“good”?

2. Howmightaccesstogenetictestingincreasehealthdisparities,ormaketheworldlessfair?

3. Whatdoyouthinkcouldbedonetomakesuregenetictestingisusedinafairway?

StanfordNGSSIntegratedCurriculum6thGradeScienceUnit4:AWarmerWorld

Pop-Out4:ACallForEquityinClimateAction


Pop-OutEssentialQuestion:WhydoesGretaThunbergcallforequityinclimateaction?

InyourCulminatingProject,youarefocusingonaplantoranimalaffectedbyclimatechange.However,manyof

youalreadyknowthathumansarealsosufferingtheimpactsofclimatechange,anditisonlygettingworse!

Inresponse,peopleallaroundtheworldaretalkingaboutclimateaction.Thesearetheeffortswecantaketo

reduceourcontributionstoclimatechangeandtoadapttothesituationwearein.InthisPop-Out,youwill

explorewhoshouldbethemajorplayersinclimateactionandwhy.

Engage

YoumayhaveheardthenameGretaThunberginthenewsorsocialmedia.SheisaSwedishenvironmental

activistthatisnotmucholderthanyouare!Inthelastfewyears,shehasmadecountlessspeechescalling

attentiontotheinternationalcrisisofclimatechange.

1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideoofoneofGretaThunberg’sspeeches:https://www.ted.com/talks/greta_thunberg_the_disarming_case_to_act_right_now_on_climate_change/up-next

2. Discussthefollowingquestionsfirstwithapartnerandthenasaclass:

a. HowdidlisteningtoGretamakeyoufeel?Whatwereyourfirstimpressions?

b. WhatdoesGretasayissoconfusingtoherabouttheclimatecrisis?

c. WhatdoesGretasayaboutequity,orclimatejustice?

d. Whatreasondoesshegiveforpeoplenotcaringenoughabouttheclimatecrisisrightnow?




Explore

InGretaThunberg’sspeech,shetalkedaboutaneedforequityorclimatejusticeinorderforclimateactionto

workonaglobalscale.Manyclimateactivistssayequityisthekeytoclimateaction.Butwhy?

YouhavebeenintroducedtothisideaofequitythroughouttheotherPop-Outsthisyear.Withyourgroup,use

whatyou’velearnedfrompreviousPop-Outstofirstdiscusswhatyouthinkequitymeans.Recordyourideasin

theboxbelow:

Nowlet’sseewhyclimateactivists,likeGreta,areaskingforequityinclimateaction.Asagroup,usetheonline

interactiveCarbonMaptohelpyoudecideforyourselfwhatmightbefairinaclimateactionplan.

1. Typecarbonmap.orgintoyourwebbrowser.Presstheplaybuttontowatchandlistentothe

introductionthatdescribeshowthisinteractivemapworks.Writeafewsentencestodescribewhatthis

interactivemapwillshowyou:

2. Youhaveseenan“Area”Mapbefore.Let’sstarttoexplorethedifferentmapsbyfirstlookingatthe

“Population”Mapandthe“Wealth”Map(Note:makesurethe“ShadeBy”tabissetto“Continents”)a. Clickonthe“Population”Map.Howisitdifferentfromthe“Area”Map?Writedown1-2things

younotice.




b. Nextclickonthe“Wealth”Map.Howisitdifferentfromthe“Population”Map?Writedown1-2

thingsyounotice.

i. Comparedtotheirpopulationsize,whichcontinentshavemorewealththanyouwould

expect?Howcouldyouexplainthis?

3. TherestoftheMapswillhelpyoudeterminewhichcontinentsaremostresponsibleforclimatechange

andwhicharemostvulnerabletotheimpacts.Clickonthetabsatthetoptoexploretheothermapsand

fillinthetablebelowwithyouranalysis.Foreachmap,makesuretoclickbackonthe“Population”tab

tomakecomparisons.

o HelpfulTip:ontherightside,thereisaboxlabeled“ThisMap”thatwillgiveyoumorehelpful

informationaboutthatmap.

Responsibility

Map

Type

Whichcontinents

arelargerthantheir

“Population”map

size?

Whichcontinentsare

smallerthantheir

“Population”map

size?

QuestionstoConsider

Emissions

Comparedtotheirpopulationsize,which

continentscontributemoretocarbon

emissionsthanyouwouldexpect?

Consumption

Comparedtotheirpopulationsize,which

continentscontributemoretocarbon

emissionsfromconsumptionthanyouwould

expect?

Historical

Whichtwocontinentshavecontributedthe

mostcarbonemissionsinthepast?




Vulnerability

PeopleAt

Risk

Whichcontinenthasthemostpeopleatriskof

feelingtheeffectsofclimatechangeinthe

future?

SeaLevel

Whichcontinentismostindangerofsealevel

rise(aresultofclimatechange)?

Poverty

Whichcontinentsaremostvulnerabletothe

impactsofclimatechangebecauseofpoverty?

Explain

Nowthatyouhaveseenthedataforyourself,takeastance:doyouthinkweneedequityinclimateaction?In

otherwords,shouldeveryonehaveequalresponsibilityindealingwithclimatechangeorshouldsomecountries

havemoreresponsibility?

Asagroup,prepareforaclassdiscussioninwhichyouwill:

ü Voteonwhetheryouthinkequityshouldbeconsideredinclimateaction

ü Usemapdatatojustifywhyyouthinkequityshouldorshouldn’tbeanessentialpieceofclimateaction

ü Explainwhatyouthinkitwouldmeantohaveequityinclimateaction

Elaborate

Ifsomecountriesaregoingtoberesponsibleformoreoftheclimatechangeburdenthanothers,thisisgoingto

requirealotofcooperationaroundtheglobe!ThiskindofcooperationwasattemptedbytheParisClimate

Agreement,whichwassignedby195countriesin2015(includingtheUnitedStates).Atthetime,itwasseenas

themostpromisingefforttotackleclimatechangethusfar.

1. Asaclass,watchthefollowingvideothatgivesyouanewsupdateonwheretheUnitedStatesstands

withtheParisClimateAgreement:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRCRiMNg_kM.Usethe

followingquestionstodiscussthevideo:

o WhatwasthegoaloftheParisClimateAgreement?

o WhatdidPresidentTrumpdecidetodoabouttheParisClimateAgreement?

§ Howcouldthisaffectglobalclimateaction?

o Doyouagreewiththisdecision?

§ Ifyoudon’tagree,whatwouldyoudodifferentlyandwhy?




2. TheParisClimateAgreementcallsforequity,butdoesn’tlayoutaspecificsystemtoensureit.Asa

group,brainstorm:Whatwouldyouincludeinaclimateagreementlikethisonetomakesureitisfair

andequitable?

EvaluateandReflect

Individually,takeafewminutestothinkaboutwhatyoulearnedinthisPop-Out.Thenreflectonthequestions

below:

1. Whydoyouthinkthatthereshouldbeequityinclimateaction?

2. Whatdoyouthinkarethebestwaystoachieveequityinclimateaction?

3. ThinkbacktoGretaThunberg’sspeechinthefirstvideo.Whatdoyouthinkyoucoulddoasayoung

environmentalactivistlikeGreta?

6th grade science unit 1: setting things in motion pop-out ......student version stanford ngss...

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