6thgrade ch.4sec.3computers
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ComputersCHAPTER 4 SECTION 3
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001010110… convert text for humans
• SIMILAR TO OUR BASE-10 SYSTEM OF COUNTING
• EACH 1 OR 0 IS KNOWN AS A BIT• COMPUTER MEMORY IS MEASURED IN
KILOBYTES(1000), MEGABYTES(1 M), GIGABYTES(1B), AND TERABYTES(1T)
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COMPUTER HARDWARE• REFERS TO PERMANENT PARTS OF A
COMPUTER• PARTS INCLUDE A CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT(CPU), INPUT DEVICE, AND OUTPUT DEVICE
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
• DIRECTS THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER, PERFORMS OPERATIONS AND CALCULATIONS, AND DIRECTS THE STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION
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INPUT DEVICES
• SENDS DATA TO THE CPU• EXAMPLES: KEYBOARD, MOUSE, GAMEPAD,
SCANNER, MICROPHONE
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OUTPUT DEVICES
• PRESENTS DATA FROM THE COMPUTER• EXAMPLE: MONITOR, SPEAKERS, AND
PRINTERS
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• Random Access Memory (RAM) – temporary storage area for data while the computer is operating.
• Read Only Memory (ROM) – information the computer needs to operate properly
INTERNAL MEMORY
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• Used to store information• Examples: hard drive, floppy disk, cds
EXTERNAL MEMORY
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-instructions that directs the computer hardware to perform operations
• Two kinds:– Operating System – set of basic instructions to
keep a computer remaining– Application Software – grouped by their function,
a particular task a computer can carry out
Computer Software
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Computer Programming
• Uses computer language and converts input information into instruction for the computer