7.pasokan air (water supply) alia pdf

7/29/2019 7.Pasokan Air (Water Supply) Alia PDF

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TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR


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2

PRIORITY FOR RAW WATER:

Mata air (springs),

Air tanah dalam (deep wells),

Air tanah dangkal (shallow wells),

Danau (lakes),

Sungai (rivers),

Air hujan (rainwater),

Air laut (seawater),

Ada yang lain (misal: air gambut, air embun)?


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Teknologi Pengolahan Air 3


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TECHNOLOGY:

Best choice,

Small flow (< 40 l/s

centre of district),

Best if elevation is higher than service area (gravitation),

May need break-pressure-tanks,

May consist of Ca + Mg and Fe + Mn. Needs further treatment

Springs may be far from service area & lower in elevation,

Hot water is sometimes accompanied by high sulfur content,

Management by the community after construction with manychallenges of management.


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SPRINGS:


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SPRINGS:


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SPRINGS:


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SOCIAL & INSTITUTIONAL:

High DO content makes spring water fresher,

Clearness (low turbidity) may out compete all salts

content,

The most reliable as almost no M & E equipment and flow

by gravity,

Historically, springs may be totally used for irrigation

which may cause conflict with water use in the future,

Is irrigation more important?

Who owns the springs?

Preservation of the catchment area (recharge area),


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Desember 2007 Teknologi Pengolahan Air 9

Lokasi Sumber Umbulan

Prakiraan Cacthment Area

SPRINGS:


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TECHNOLOGY:

Not the individual house type,

Flow is higher than 1 l/s,

Need submersible pumps (electricity),

In remote area, electricity comes from gensets,

Geo-listrik (to locate screens) & pumping test,

Not simple operation and maintenance procedures,

Screens are expensive and may clog or corrode,

Not 24 hours service, All water supply must be disinfected.


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DEEP WELLS:


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DEEP WELLS:


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TECHNOLOGY:

For individual house,

Susceptible for soak away of septic tanks seepage,

Flow smaller than deep wells,

Upper structure is used for safety (coupled with TIMBA),

Slabs are used to avoid re-entering wastewater and to

guide the waste to safe sites,

May not be available due to scarcity of water (Rawan Air),

i.e.: coastal area, small islands, clay soil,


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SHALLOW WELLS:


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SHALLOW WELLS:


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SHALLOW WELLS:


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LAKES:

Ample water,

May be poor quality of SS (appropriate treatment),

Intake further away from the banks,

Suction is a bit deeper for better quality,

Integrated Lake Management, This includes dams and ponds,

May face stratification and circulation for deep lakes,

May be used on-site.


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LAKES:


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LAKES:

LAKES


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LAKES:


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LAKES:


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LAKES:


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RIVERS


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RIVERS:

Ample water for perennial rivers,

Dominated by colloids,

Require conventional treatment or appropriate

technology,

Expensive for construction and O & M,

Qualified operators,

May not be feasible for villages, but may be OK for

districts or bigger communities,

Obviously pumping system to some extend,

More complicated management.

RIVERS:


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RIVERS:

SUNGAI

2

11

87

7

6 6

43

3

9

10

PARKIR

12

JA

LANR

AYA

1

5

5

pagar

TATA LETAK IPAM

Tanpa Skala

Keterangan :

1. Intake

2. Sumur pengumpul

3. Bak pengendap I4. Bak pengaduk cepat

5. Bak pengadukan lambat

6. Bak pengendap II

7. Filter

8. Reservoir

9. Pengering Lumpur

10. Pompa intake11. Pembubuh kimia dan

pompa distribusi

12. Satpam

RIVERS:


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RIVERS:

RIVERS:


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RIVERS:


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SEDIMENTATION:

Persegi- 4aliran horizontal

Horizontal

Ruang lumpur

Inlet

Outlet


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FILTRATION:


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RAINWATER HARVESTING:


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Rely on the roof area,

Type of roofs,

Less air pollution for rural area,

Not only kept in vessels, but also in dams,

Water from dams has similar quality with lakes, Rural area may use large area of roof likes mosques,

schools, hospitals, offices, etc.,

Dengue is susceptible.



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SEAWATER:


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SEAWATER:

Definitely expensive,

High qualified operator,

Not rural, but city along the coastal zone,

Last option.

SEAWATER:


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SEAWATER:

SEAWATER:


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SEAWATER:

SEAWATER:


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SEAWATER:


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DESINFEKSI (BUKAN KLORINASI):


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( )

DESINFEKSI (BUKAN KLORINASI):


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( )

OTHERS IMPORTANT THING:


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Kebocoran air,

Tandon sebelum dipompa ke rumah tangga,

Kemampuan saringan pasir atas kualitas air sungai yangfluktuatif/tercemar: deterjen, logam berat, EDC,

pesticides, dll.

WATERBORN-DISEASES and OTHERS:


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WATERBORN-DISEASES and OTHERS:


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REGULASI:


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Permenkes 907/2002 tentang Syarat-syarat dan

Pengawasan Kualitas Air Minum,

PP 82/2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan

Pengendalian Pencemaran Air,

WHO, dll.


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7.pasokan air (water supply) alia pdf

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