paleocortex, archicortex (allocortex) – neurons in 3-5 layers

neocortex (isocortex) – neurons in 6 layers

peripaleocortex et periarchicortex = mesocortex

Telencephalic cortex - nomenclature

Location of main functional regions of telencephalic cortex

somatosenzory and senzory

motor

cortex of limbic forebrain

association cortex

Cortex out of somatosenzory, senzory and motor areas as Cortex out of somatosenzory, senzory and motor areas as well as cortex of limbic forebrainwell as cortex of limbic forebrain

injury of AC – it is difficult to test malfunction (changes) in psyche, injury of AC – it is difficult to test malfunction (changes) in psyche,

behaviour and perception surroundingsbehaviour and perception surroundings

the oldest association cortex in parietal, temporal and occipital the oldest association cortex in parietal, temporal and occipital

lobes – association of somatosenzory, senzory and motorlobes – association of somatosenzory, senzory and motor

functionsfunctions

the youngest association cortex – prefrontal cortex (a9-12) connectionthe youngest association cortex – prefrontal cortex (a9-12) connection

with other ACwith other AC

ASSOCIATION CORTEX

CORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - ICORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - I

Broca‘s (motor) cortical area - g. front. inf. a44, 45

for right-hander in L-hemisphere, for left-hander in R-hemisphere

• normal function with M-I, M-II and PM

• lesion - expressive aphasia – the lack of speech, but understanding is OK

Wernicke‘s (sensory) cortical area - a 22,39,40 in dominant hemi-

sphere

• condition for normal function – intact visual and auditory cortex

• lesion - receptive aphasia – the lack of understanding

CORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - IICORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - II

Limbic system – classic conceptionPapez‘s circuit (James Papez 1939)

without specific functionwithout specific functionncl. anterior

thalami

gyrus parahippocampalishippocampus

ncl. mamillaris

gyru

s ci

ngul

i

tr. mammilo-thalamicus

fornix

RECENT CONCEPTION OF LIMBIC FOREBRAIN

• basomedial telencephalon, structures of diencephalon and

mesencephalon for emotion and motivation of our behavior

RRegular structuresegular structures

• g. cinguli, g. parahippocampalis, hippocampus, insular cortex

• area septalis, amygdalar ncll., hypothalamus (ncl. mammillaris)

• neocortical regions of forebrain - basal frontotemporal regions, orbital cortex, ventral striatum (pallidum)

• ncl. anterior et medialis dorsalis thalami

• habenulla

ncl. caudatus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum and amygdalar ncll.

functional: + thalamus, substantia nigra and ncl. subthalamicus

ncl. caudatus + putamen = neostriatum (striatum)

globus pallidus (ext. + int. segment) = paleostriatum (pallidum)

globus pallidus + putamen = ncl. lentiformis

BASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURESBASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES

Basal ganglia

striatum (neostriatum)ncl. caudatusncl. caudatusputamenncl. accumbensncl. accumbens

dorzal striatum

ventral striatum

globus pallidus(pallidum, paleostriatum) med. (internal) seg.med. (internal) seg.

lat. (external) seg.lat. (external) seg.

dorsal pallidum

ventral pallidumsubstantia nigra

ncl. subthalamicus

ventralis tegmental area (VTA)

pars compacta

pars reticularispars reticularis

BASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURESBASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES

VENTRAL PALIDUM ANDVENTRAL PALIDUM ANDVENTRAL STRIATUMVENTRAL STRIATUM

VENTRAL PALIDUM AND VENTRAL STRIATUMVENTRAL PALIDUM AND VENTRAL STRIATUM

A SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF 3D ARRANGEMENT OF SOMETELENCEFALIC STRUCTURES

Limbic system – classic conceptionPapez‘s circuit (James Papez 1939)

without specific functionwithout specific functionncl. anterior

thalami

gyrus parahippocampalishippocampus

ncl. mamillaris

gyru

s ci

ngul

i

tr. mammilo-thalamicus

fornix

RECENT CONCEPTION OF LIMBIC FOREBRAIN

• basomedial telencephalon, structures of diencephalon and

mesencephalon for emotion and motivation of our behavior

RRegular structuresegular structures

• g. cinguli, g. parahippocampalis, hippocampus, insular cortex

• area septalis, amygdalar ncll., hypothalamus (ncl. mammillaris)

• neocortical regions of forebrain - basal frontotemporal regions, orbital cortex, ventral striatum (pallidum)

• ncl. anterior et medialis dorsalis thalami

• habenulla