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Wood Products in Residential construction

Dimensional Lumber -Engineered Wood Products - Engineered Building components

The advantages of specifying engineered lumber.

Identify common engineered lumber types, including: Product composition

Typical sizes

Design properties

2012 IRC – R501.3 Membrane Protection requirements

Common Installation applications for engineered lumber products.

Know what to watch out for: special requirements that apply to Engineered Lumber Products.

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Are Engineered Lumber products code approved for use within the

conventional construction provisions of the IRC

YES – Structural Composite Lumber and Manufactured I-joists

are accepted in U>S> Building codes based on the submission of

test data to the evaluation services of each of the model building

codes. Additional information may be obtained from the

companies which manufacture these products

Section R104.11 permits using alternative materials, including

Engineered Wood Products

R104.11 Alternative materials, design and methods of

construction and equipment. The provisions of this code are not

intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit

any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed

by this code, provided that any such alternative has been

approved.

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Let’s look at the 3 most common joist types

Dimension Lumber

Fixed Design Properties,

Based on Grade

Size

TJI-Joist

Fixed Design Properties,

Based on Product Series (Grade),

Size

Open Web Plated Trussed

Non-Fixed Properties

Trusses are designed and fabricated on a job specific basis

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Dimension Lumber

Has allowable spans

specified in the Building

Code (reference Section R502.3)

TJI-Joist

Has allowable spans

specified in Code

Accepted Manufacturers

Literature

R502.8 Drilling and Notching. Structural floor members may not be cut, bored, or notched in excess of the limitations specified in this section. See Figure R502.8

R502.8.1 Sawn Lumber. Notches in solid lumber joists, rafters and beams shall not exceed one-sixth of the depth of the member, shall not be longer than one-third of the depth of the member and shall not be located in the middle one-third of the span. Notches at the ends of the member shall not exceed one-fourth the depth of the member. The tension side of members 4 inches (102 mm) or greater in nominal thickness shall not be notched except at the ends of the members. The diameter of holes bored or cut into members shall not exceed one-third the depth of the member. Holes shall not be closer than 2 inches (51 mm) to the top or bottom of the member, or to any other hole located in the member. Where the member is also notched, the hole shall not be closer than 2 inches (51 mm) to the notch.

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R502.8.2 Engineered wood products. Cuts, notches and holes bored in trusses,

structural composite lumber, structural glue-laminated members or I-joists are prohibited except where

permitted by the manufacturer's recommendations or where the effects of such alterations are specifically

considered in the design of the member by a registered design professional.

Have similar span charts and applications

Differences

1. Offset loading

2. Support under bearing walls above

3. Hole allowance per manufacturer

specification

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Open Web Plated Trussed

Non-Fixed Properties

Trusses are designed

and fabricated on a

job specific basis

R502.11.1 Design. Wood trusses shall be designed in accordance with approved engineering practice. The design and manufacture of metal plate connected wood trusses shall comply with ANSI/TPI 1. The truss design drawings shall be prepared by a registered professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed in accordance with Section R106.1.

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Structural Composite Lumber (SCL) Rectangular SCL products of equal or greater strength, stiffness, and size can be conventionally specified or substituted for sawn lumber members using any of the lumber equivalents listed in the SCL Material Equivalents table below:

Special Considerations : Holes per manufacturer’s recommendations only, notches are not permitted

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More efficient use of wood fiber,

availability, & building trends

Predictable design values

Dimensionally stable

Allows for larger holes to

accommodate mechanicals within

joist cavities

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Parallel Strand Lumber

Laminated Strand Lumber

Laminated Veneer Lumber

Wooden I-Joists

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HEADERS AND BEAMS EXTERIOR

DECK POSTS

AND BEAMS

HIGH MOISTURE

ENVIRONMENTS

EXPOSED

BEAMS AND

COLUMNS

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HEADERS

BEAMS

WALL FRAMING

RIM BOARD COLUMNS STAIR STRINGERS

ROOF JOISTS

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Widths

1 ¾”

3 ½”

Depths

43⁄8”

51⁄2”

71⁄4”

85⁄8”

9 1⁄4”

HEADERS

AND BEAMS RIM

BOARD

9 1⁄2”

11 ½”

14”

16”

Depths

STUDS

Sections

2x4

2x6

1¾” x 5½”

2x8

1¾” x 7¼”

Lengths

2x4 – 14’

2x6 – 22’

2x8 – 30’

9 1⁄2”

11 1⁄4”

11 7⁄8”

14”

16”

Widths

1 ¼”

11 1/8” *

* The lateral load transfer capacity of thinner rim boards is not equivalent to 2" nominal framing and

is limited by code to 180 plf.

CONSISTENT

/UNIFORM

- No shimming on

headers or studs;

eliminates culls

TALL WALLS

- Dimensional stability

results in solid,

straight walls

- Eliminates the “hinge”

point in tall walls

STRAIGHT/TRUE

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LONG

SECTIONS

- Longer pieces for faster

installation reducing labor

and materials costs

STRENGTH - Higher diaphragm shear

values than 1 1⁄8" OSB;

Stronger than comparably

sized conventional lumber

NAILING - Provides a wider nailing surface for subfloor

panels; Superior fastener retention

minimizes squeaks

Flange

Web

Flange

Web

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FLOORS ROOFS

RIM

LONG SPANS

PREDICTABLE

PERFORMANCE

STRAIGHT/TRUE

- Can be used for longer spans

than comparably sized

conventional lumber

- No significant effect from lumber

defects

- No bowing, shrinking, or twisting

STRENGTH/WEIGHT - Supports heavier loads than

comparably sized conventional

lumber

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Flange and web dimensions and material

can vary between manufacturers!

≠

Use the appropriate

manufacturer’s

proprietary design

values and details when

specifying.

1-3/4”

1-1/2”

• 9-1/2”

• 11-7/8”

• 14” 3/8

”

3/8

”

2-5/16”

1-3/8” • 9-1/2”

• 11-7/8”

• 14”

• 16”

1-3/4”

• 9-1/2”

• 11-7/8” 3/8

”

1-3/8”

This includes:

Span & PLF tables

Allowable hole charts

Installation & connection

details

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LENGTH

Length measured along the

member from end to end.

Used for ordering material.

SPAN

The horizontally projected

distance between member

supports. Used for

sizing calculations.

Clear Span

Length

Design Span

Out-to-Out

Simple Span

Span

Span Span

Continuous Span

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Design Properties MoE (“Ei”) value (Stiffness/Deflection)

Moment

Shear

Bearing / Reaction

Span Tables Based on Stiffness (Ei values)

Passes “safety” tests first (moment and shear)

If loading varies - joist may not be appropriate

CHOOSE NEW COMPETITOR

What is the deflection value of 5” ? 5/480= .01”

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Manufacturer Joist

Depth Series

Simple

span

40/10

Joist only

EI x 106

Maximum

Resistance

Moment

ft-lbs

Maximum

Resistance Shear

lbs

40/20

Loading

Brand A 11 7/8 230 19' 10" 347 4,215 1,655 19’ 10”

Brand X 11 7/8 X 40 20’ 3” 371 3,760 1,480 NA

Joist Weight 2.25

Mechanicals ………………………….… 1.5 PSF

Total …………………….. 9.7 PSF

Tile - Thin Set “Quarry/Tile” ….. 8-10.0 PSF Hardwood Flooring ………….. 5 PSF

+6% -12% -12%

Manufacturer Joist

Depth Series

Simple

span

40/10

inches

Maximum

Resistance

Moment

ft-lbs

Maximum

Resistance Shear

lbs

40/20

Loading

Brand A 11 7/8 230 19' 10" 238 4,215 1,655 19’ 10”

Brand X 11 7/8 X 40 20’ 3” 243 3,760 1,480 NA 18’ 9”

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Final language developed by consortium International Association of Fire Fighters

International Association of Fire Chiefs

National Association of Home Builders

American Wood Council

Focused on concerns with “light-weight” floor systems (trusses, I-joists, light steel) in unfinished basements

Recognized comfort level with historical performance of exposed dimension lumber joists

R501.3 Fire protection of floors. Floor assemblies, not required elsewhere in this code to be fire resistance rated, shall be provided with a ½-inch (12.7 mm) gypsum wallboard membrane, ⅝-inch (16 mm) wood structural panel membrane, or equivalent on the underside of the floor framing member.

Exceptions:

1. Floor assemblies located directly over a space protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section P2904, NFPA13D, or other approved equivalent sprinkler system.

2. Floor assemblies located directly over a crawl space not intended for storage or fuel-fired appliances.

3. Portions of floor assemblies can be unprotected when complying with the following: 3.1. The aggregate area of the unprotected portions shall not exceed 80 square feet per story

3.2. Fire blocking in accordance with Section R302.11.1 shall be installed along the perimeter of the unprotected portion to separate the unprotected portion from the remainder of the floor assembly.

4. Wood floor assemblies using dimension lumber or structural composite lumber equal to or greater than 2-inch by 10-inch (50.8 mm by 25.4 mm) nominal dimension, or other approved floor assemblies demonstrating equivalent fire performance.

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R501.3 Fire protection of floors. Floor assemblies not using dimension lumber or

structural composite lumber equal to or greater than 2-inch nominal dimension,

shall be provided with a ½ inch gypsum wallboard membrane, ⅝ inch wood

structural panel membrane, or equivalent on the underside of the floor framing

member unless required elsewhere in this code to be fire resistance rated.

Exceptions:

1. Other approved floor assemblies demonstrating equivalent fire performance.

2. Floor assemblies located directly over a space protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section P2904, NFPA13D, or other approved equivalent sprinkler system.

3. Floor assemblies located directly over a crawl space not intended for storage or fuel-fired appliances.

4. One room or alcove per story not exceeding 80 square feet, when supported between structural walls.

Acceptance Criteria for Prefabricated Wood I-Joists (AC14) Established and maintained by ICC Evaluation Service (ICC-ES)

Purpose is “…to establish minimum requirements for recognition of prefabricated wood I-joists in evaluation reports…”

All structural properties including allowable moment, shear, bearing capacities, etc.

Section A4.4 “Where recognition is sought for establishment of equivalent fire

performance to the materials described in Exception 4 of Section R501.3 of the 2012 IRC…”

First added to AC14 in July, 2012

Most recent version: October 2013

Outside the scope of AC14: Field-applied paints, coatings or treatments

Other lightweight framing products Open web floor trusses

Steel framing

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Factory applied proprietary Intumescent Coating

Meets 2012 IRC Requirements (AC14 Similar Maintain existing architectural layouts

and floor designs

Reduces construction schedule

Joists can be cut, nailed, drilled, and handled the same as any other TJI joist

Dust particles are no more hazardous or irritating than those from cutting a standard TJI joist

Emissions (off-gases)are no different than other engineered wood products

Flak Jacket is not water soluble and remains intact when wet

Bonds well to wood fiber – weather durable

Eliminate additional framing, mechanical and electrical work required to install ceilings

Allows flexibility in future finished basement layout

Standard size TJI joist hangers

can still be used

Holes can be cut and drilled in

accordance with existing

literature and software

Web Stiffeners, if required will

need to be thinner – no special

coating is required on web

stiffeners

Joists must be installed with

non-coated flange up

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APA FP-02:

½” Gypsum Board Attached Directly to the Web. The minimum flange size for this method is 1 ½” x 2.3”.

FP-03: ½” Gypsum Board Attached Directly to Sides of the Flange. The

minimum flange size for this method is 1 1/8” x 1 ¾”.

FP-04: Mineral Wool Insulation. The minimum flange size for this method is 1 ½”

x 2-5/16”. The mineral wool insulation must be 3 ½” thick and have a minimum density of 2 lbf/ft3.

FP-05 Ceramic Fiber Blanket Insulation Proprietary ¾” Ceramic Fiber blanket attached to web – after holes

Several Manufacturers have listed test results in their ESR reports - verify in ESR or acceptance of APA SR 405

FP-02 - ½” Gypsum Board

Attached Directly to the Web. The minimum flange size for this method is 1 ½” x 2.0”.

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FP-03 FP-03: ½” Gypsum Board Attached Directly to Sides of the Flange. The

minimum flange size for this method is 1 1/8” x 1 ¾”.

FP-04:

Mineral Wool Insulation. The minimum flange size for this

method is 1 1/8” x 1 3/4”. The mineral wool insulation

must be 3 ½” thick and have a minimum density of 2

lbf/ft3.

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FP-05 Ceramic Fiber Blanket Insulation

Proprietary ¾” Ceramic Fiber blanket attached to web

Min flange 1 ½” x 2.3”.

Utilized AC14 to qualify their FP-02, FP-03, FP-03 and FP-05 methods. This is the same standard we use to demonstrate the equivalent fire performance of

Flak Jacket. We believe the use of AC14 is appropriate.

The APA is promoting these details Identical to Web Armor™ solutions offered by Boise Cascade..

The full depth gypsum board option (FP-03) can be used on TJI® joists. The APA report provides an approach to protect a single TJI joist in a Flak Jacket floor

system that may be installed upside-down or without Flak Jacket Protection.

The APA does not have any authority per se. These solutions are not part of any building code and are subject to the approval by a

local authority having jurisdiction.

Final message The APA details are legitimate.

We could use these solutions - However, we have found that the installed cost, reliability and simplicity of Flak Jacket Protection is superior to all of the APA and Boise Cascade Web Armor™ methods.

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Post Manufacture applied coatings IAMPO -Similar Furnace Test to AC14

Less stringent deflection requirements:

7.4 in. deflection allowed for 9.5” joist with 14 ft span (L/23)

5.5 in. deflection allowed for 9.5” joist 12 ft span (L/26)

Durability Not Evaluated Assumes application to dry substrates after building is dry

Effect on Mechanical Properties

Coating Efficacy / Shelf life /storage temperature ranges

Framing All framing must be installed and the structure enclosed

Framing inspection must be completed

Mechanical, electrical and plumbing components must be installed after application

Preparation of framing – dry, clean, free from loose debris, grease, oil and other coatings

I-joist manufacturer must approve use of product

Conditions Moisture content of I-joist framing (16% maximum)

Ambient temperatures (40°F to 100°F)

Protected from weather

Application Applicator certification ?

Applied in accordance with evaluation report & installation instructions

Coating Coverage Verified with wet film thickness gauge (23 mils wet)

Measurement frequency (every 100 ft2)

Applied as a single coat

Applied to required surfaces (webs/flanges) & hard to reach areas

Cure Time Allow for coating drying time (24 hours)

Documentation Installation certificate (to building official and coating manufacturer)

Installation label

Durability Installation of mechanical, electrical and plumbing components

Water based coating – exposure to moisture or leaks

Allowed paints or other coatings

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Engineered long length Composite products

LSL, LFL, LVL,PSL, Glu-Lam etc

These are all Solid composite lumber products

To meet

Equal or larger section

Stronger properties than specified species

Should have US code approval

Alternative documentation

Have Different hole /notch allowances

May/ May not have better floor performance to Specified

product

QUESTIONS

?

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with TJI® Products

Framing Floor Systems

Be sure to use the appropriate equipment

for the task at hand.

Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001 52

Safety railing and

construction bracing shall

comply with federal and

local fall-protection

requirements.

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At joist ends: 1¾” At intermediate supports: 3½”

Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001 53

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Nailing joist to the plate are 1 – 8d 2-1/2”

box nails each side of flange.

The equivalent pneumatic nail is 2-1/2” x

0.128 diameter.

Nail 1-1/2” back from the edge to keep the

end of the joist from splitting.

Nailing only one side may cause a

rub-point and an unpleasant sound.

5

4 Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001

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Floor Panel Nail - 8d (0.131” x 3”)

nailed to the ends of the joists with 1–10d nail each flange

toe-nailed to the plate. every 6” o.c with 10d nails

Locate rim board ends between joists Rim should be:

55 5

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Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001

56 56 Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001

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* Only required when specified

No load bearing wall above

1. Carry load bearing walls above

2. Carry point loads from above

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59 Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001

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Make sure the correct

hanger and nails are

used as specified.

61 Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001

Hangers … Installation

Tips!!!

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Do not pre-nail TJI®

Joists Use the correct hanger

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*Caution local attachment requirements vary. Confirm prior to proceeding.

1/2” Gypsum panel = 2.0PSF 5/8” Gypsum panel = 2.5PSF

SO…

40 PSF L/L ÷ 2.0 = 20 sheets 40 PSF L/L ÷ 2.5 = 16 sheets

This should be the maximum stack size for the material noted…

(Residential Technical Bulletin)

Note: Brace floor joists from below

when design loads are exceeded prior to loading

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Builder

Supply

Partner

Sub-

Contractors Weyerhaeuser

Engineer

(E.O.R.)

Building

Official

Replace damaged material before it

becomes a problem for all others.

Hole Cutting Basics

for Trus Joist® Products

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70 Literature reference (Framer’s Pocket guide TJ-9001)

Review product identification

methods

Understand how to use Trus Joist®

hole charts & product diagrams

Sizing examples and tips

Discuss damaged product protocol

and process

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Structural Framer’s Pocket Guide

Manufacturer

Specification

Guide(s)

Weyerhaeuser Literature Library App

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The first step when determining holes…

72

A wooden i-joist manufactured by

Weyerhaeuser.

The TJI® joist is manufactured with

Microllam® LVL or Timberstrand®LSL

flanges and a proprietary OSB web

called Performance Plus®.

Flange

Web

73

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Framer’s Pocket Guide TJ-9001 74

“Intermediate” Support

use table “B”.

Framer’s Pocket Guide TJ-9001

Hole Cuts from

“End” Support …

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Look in Pocket Guide to see if it works?

14”

Framer’s Pocket Guide TJ-9001 76

77

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For design purposes, the

size of the hole is determined from the

greatest extent

of the saw cuts.

Keeping holes neat with no over-

cuts will reduce potential problems.

80 Framer’s Pocket Guide TJ-9001

Over-Cut

2X Diameter space?

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82

Remember …

2x diameter, no matter how small the hole. Could the factory 1.5” knockout holes have been used? Or, group holes?

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Beams …

Allowable Holes may be

drilled if guidelines are

followed as stated in this

guide.

If unsure, then ask

before proceeding.

85 Framer’s Pocket Guide TJ-9001

Microllam®, Parallam®, & 1.3E LSL

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Builder

Supply

Partner

Sub-

Contractors Weyerhaeuser

Engineer

(E.O.R.)

Building

Official

Beam & Column Basics

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Check your plan for

specified beam products

and connection details.

Page 9

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Up to 4 members can be site-connected

Depths 16” and over must include at least two plies

Side-loaded beams require additional connection detailing

Consult manufacturer’s representative or literature

Note: Illustration

for purpose of

example only

1 ¾” Width Pieces:

• Minimum of 2 rows 12d (3 ¼”) common nails at 12” on-center.

• Minimum of 3 rows 12d (3 ¼”) common nails at 12” on-center for

14”, 16” and 18” beams.

• Nailed connections require additional row

of nails when nail size is smaller than

specified above (minimum 0.128” x 3”).

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No “rule of thumb” for side-loaded

beam connections. Always check your

plan for specific assembly details.

Beams, Headers, and

Columns Specifier’s

Guide TJ-9000 96 Framer’s pocket guide TJ-9001

Check your plan

for specified

columns and sizes

Beams…Minimum Bearing Lengths

97

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98

Beams, Headers, and Columns

Specifier’s Guide TJ-9000 Framer’s pocket guide TJ-9001

99

Beams, Headers, and Columns

Specifier’s Guide TJ-9000

Framer’s pocket guide TJ-9001

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100

101

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102

Beams, Headers, and Columns

Specifier’s Guide TJ-9000

103

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1. Bearing length

2. Column Length

3. Wind (lateral) load

Design is based on:

104

Matching the width of the beam

with built-up studs is a poor

practice. Always check your plans

for the appropriate column size.

Install the column before loading

the beam.

105

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106

Beams, Headers, and Columns

Specifier’s Guide TJ-9000

107 Beams, Headers, and Columns

Specifier’s Guide TJ-9000

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108

Beams, Headers, and Columns

Specifier’s Guide TJ-9000

109

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7800 E. Orchard Rd., Suite 200 Greenwood Village, CO 80111