a critical appraisal of playing field provision in birmingham for black and minority ethnic...

7/23/2019 A Critical Appraisal of Playing Field Provision in Birmingham for Black and Minority Ethnic Communities

1/98

`

E F[@Y@FEM EWW[E@VEM DL WMEP@AH L@CMI W[D\@V@DA @A K@[O@AHJEO LD[ KMEFB

EAI O@AD[@YP CYJA@F FDOOSA@Y@CV

Emea Keà

W{cvcayci ev we{y dl yjc {cus`{cocay ld{ yjc exe{i dl yjc OE Ich{cc

à Vwd{yv Ic|cmdwocay

x`yjà yjc Wdvyh{eiseyc Odisme{ Vfjcoc ey

Sa`|c{v`yp dl Hmdsfcvyc{vj`{c

Oep- ;778


2/98

``

ICFME[EY@DAV

Yj`v I`vvc{yey`da `v e w{disfy dl op dxa xd{b eai `v ady yjc {cvsmy dl eapyjàh idac à

fdmmekd{ey`da!

@ eh{cc yjey yj`v I`vvc{yey`da oep kc e|e`mekmc ld{ {clc{cafc eai wjdydfdwpàh- ey yjc

i`vf{cy`da dl yjc Sa`|c{v`yp!

Emea J Keà


3/98

```

EKVY[EFY

Yj`v wewc{ f{`y`femmp c|emseycv yjc wmeaaàh w{dfcvv svci ld{ ic|cmdwàh eai emmdfeyàh vwd{yv

lef`m`y`cv eai vwcf`l`femmp dwca e`{ lddykemm w`yfjcv à yjc Sa`yci Bàhido- ev xcmm ev yjc

ks{cesf{ey`f vy{sfys{cv yjey mch`vmeyc eheàvy yjdvc l{do kmefb eai cyja`f oàd{`ypfdoosa`y`cv l{do we{y`f`weyàh à yjc oeaehcocay eai eioà`vy{ey`da dl yjc heoc eai

yjc{cld{c yjc icf`v`da eai wdm`fp oebàh w{dfcvvcv! Yjc ody`|ey`da ld{ yjc wewc{ vycov l{do

e wc{fcwy`da yjey yjc wmeaaàh w{dfcvv ld{ wmepàh w`yfj w{d|`v`da `v lmexci- fje{efyc{`vci kp

e mefb dl fdavsmyey`da x`yj vdfèmmp czfmsici h{dswv eai mefbàh eap vy{eych`f i`{cfy`da! Yjc

wewc{ eidwyv e f{`y`fem yjcd{cy`fem wc{vwcfy`|c yd j`hjm`hjy yjc vy{sfys{em òkemeafcv yjey cz`vy

x`yj {che{i yd wmepàh w`yfj w{d|`v`da! @y kchàv kp svàh {cfcay cow`{`fem ieye yd

fdayczysem`vc yjc `vvsc icodavy{eyàh yjey yjc hew à we{y`f`wey`da mc|cmv kcyxcca i`llc{cay

vdfèm h{dswv {coeàv icvw`yc hd|c{aocay wdm`f`cv icv`haci ewwe{caymp yd k{ìhc yjey hew

eai saic{yebcv e w{efy`fem czeowmc dl wmepàh w`yfj wmeaaàh eai ic|cmdwocay! E fcay{em

cmcocay dl yj`v {cvce{fj wewc{ `v yjc svc dl e fevc vysip yd `mmsvy{eyc yjc àyc{yxàci yjcocv

dl {efc eai fmevv yjey ewwce{ yd fday{`ksyc yd yjc dkvc{|ci àcusem`y`cv! Yjc fevc vysip

czeoàcv yjc czwc{`cafcv dl dac dl K{`yeàv l`{vy kmefb mci lddykemm fmskv à làiàh e

wc{oeacay jdoc eai emvd j`hjm`hjyv e ks{cesf{ey`f vpvyco saekmc yd oeaehc yjc acciv dl

`yv fdavy`yscafp! Yjc xd{b dl vdfèm yjcd{`vyv vsfj ev Oe{z- H{eovf` eai Xckc{ e{c svci ev

yjc yddmv ld{ yjc eaempv`v! @a eii`y`da- yjc uscvy`da `v evbci ev yd xjcyjc{ yjc evw`{ey`dav dl

hd|c{aocay *eai yjc cz`vyàh wdxc{ vy{sfys{cv yjey {sa lddykemm) e{c efj`c|ekmc x`yjdsy e

fdow{cjcav`|c {c|`cx dl vwd{yàh lef`m`yp w{d|`v`da eai yjc ocfjea`vov svci yd {cf{s`y kmefb

eai oàd{`yp cyja`f h{dswv yd wdv`y`dav dl esyjd{`yp!


4/98

`|

EFBADXMCIHOCAYV

@ xdsmi m`bc yd efbadxmcihc yjc Y{svyccv dl Fdayàcayem Vye{ Lddykemm Fmsk ld{ emmdxàh oc yd

we{y`f`weyc à yjc`{ o`vv`da yd lài e wc{oeacay jdoc! E o`vv`da yjey `v pcy yd kc fdowmcyci

ksy ady ld{ yjc savyàyàh eai dlyca sa{cfdha`vci xd{b dl yjc Fmsk ! @ xdsmi m`bc yd yjeabMàfdma Odvcv à we{y`fsme{ ld{ w{d|ìàh oc x`yj yjc ody`|ey`da yd fdowmcyc yj`v w`cfc dl

{cvce{fj!

@ xdsmi emvd m`bc yd yjeab op x`lc Vje{da ld{ jc{ fdavyeay vswwd{y xj`mvy fdowmcyàh yj`v

wewc{- ekd|c eai kcpdai yjc femm dl isyp- we{y`fsme{mp ev vjc he|c k`{yj yd ds{ l`{vy fj`mi

Lc{hsv xj`mvy @ xev x{`yàh sw%


5/98

|

FDAYCAYV

Icfme{ey`dav ``

Ekvy{efy ```

Efbadxmcihocayv `|

Fjewyc{ 5> @ay{disfy`da 5

5!7 Kefbh{dsai eai [ey`daemc 5

5!5 Xjp yj`v vskncfy e{ce xev vcmcfyci ;

5!; Fcay{em {cvce{fj uscvy`dav ;

5!6 [cvce{fj dkncfy`|cv ;

5!9 Wewc{ Vy{sfys{c ;

Fjewyc{ ;> M`yc{eys{c [c|`cx 6

;!7 Vdfèm czfmsv`da 6

;!5 We{y`f`wey`da 3

;!; Wjpv`fem efy`|`yp eai jcemyj 8

;!6 Vwd{y eai {efc :

;!9 Xckc{ eai ks{cesf{efp 0

;!3 Wmepàh w`yfj w{d|`v`da 57

;!< Wmepàh w`yfj vy{eych`cv 56;!8 Emyc{aey`|c ocyjdiv 59

Fjewyc{ 6> Ocyjdidmdhp

6!5 @ay{disfy`da 5

Lds{ycca odayjv ehd @ xcay idxa yd Mc`fcvyc{ yd occy yjc LE- vwdbc ekdsy yjc

pdsahvyc{v l{do e i`vei|eayehci kefbh{dsai yjeyv xjca @ jce{i ekdsy yjc lsaiàh

kì! @ ydmi yjc LE yjey yjc wdvy x`mm kc l`mmci kp e sa`|c{v`yp h{eiseyc xjd xday kc ekmc

yd cahehc yjc bìv d{ jcmw hcy eap lef`m`y`cv ld{ yjco yd svc à yòc yd fdoc!

*Y{svycc Dac ;77


49/98

95

Yj`v eheà wdàyv yd ea àvy`ysy`daem {ef`vo ey yjc jce{y dl lddykemm ic|cmdwocay x`yjà yjc

Xcvy Oìmeaiv!

Yjc FLL emvd j`hjm`hjyci yjc ks{cesf{efp yjey fday{`ksycv yd yjc vdocyòcv {`hì yjàbàh dl

yjc Fdsayp LE! @y xev vshhcvyci yjey dac ocyjdi ld{ vs{odsayàh yjc wc{fc`|ci mefb dlcahehcocay dl yjc lddykemm ic|cmdwocay vy{sfys{cv ey e h{evv{ddyv d{ àac{ f`yp mc|cm xev yd

f{ceyc e acx mc|cm dl ic|cmdwocay dll`fc{ yjey xdsmi v`y kcyxcca yjc |dmsaycc{v xjd {sa

lddykemm yjc{c ey yjc odocay eai yjc cz`vyàh vy{eych`f ic|cmdwocay vy{sfys{cv! Yjc acx

ic|cmdwocay dll`fc{v xdsmi je|c yd icodavy{eyc vdoc màb yd yjc`{ fdoosa`y`cv ev dwwdvci

yd je|àh yjc vyeaie{i usem`l`fey`dav dl yjc xj`yc oìimc fmevv fe{cc{`vy xjd xdsmi hcac{emmp

l`mm yjc wdv`y`dav! @y xev vshhcvyci yjey yjc FLL eai K`{oàhjeo fdsmi ic|cmdw e w`mdy vysip

emdahvìc yjc Fdsayp LE yd vsko`y yd yjc Lddykemm Ldsaiey`da ld{ wdycayèm lsaiàh eai

icodavy{eyc jdx {ei`fem eai ld{xe{i yjàbàh yjc K`{oàhjeo Fdsayp LE xev! Jdxc|c{- yjc

ìce xev i`vo`vvci x`yjdsy osfj ickeyc ev yjc{c xev ea dk|`dsv {cv`vyeafc l{do yjc Fdsayp

LE yd vsfj e w{dwdvem- yjc vskymc àlc{cafc kcàh yjey `y xev e yj{cey yd yjc`{ dxa cz`vycafc

emyjdshj yjc dll`fèm {cvwdavc xev yjey `y xdsmi yebc sw e mdy dl yòc yd ic|cmdw àyd e lsaiàh

kì eai oep ady je|c osfj fjeafc dl vsffcvv! Jdxc|c{- yjc ocokc{v dl yjc FLL yjdshjy `y

xev e xd{bekmc ìce yjey o`hjy fewys{c yjc òehàey`da dl yjc LE- `y xdsmi ld{oemmp {cfdha`vc

osfj dl yjc xd{b oeap dl yjco xc{c idàh- à vdoc àvyeafcv lsmm yòc eai saweì- `y xdsmi

w{d|ìc e weyjxep yd ls{yjc{ cowmdpocay ld{ yjco eai `y xdsmi f{ceyc e f{ci`kmc màb kcyxcca

yjc àac{ f`yp fdoosa`y`cv eai yjc cz`vyàh lddykemm ic|cmdwocay vy{sfys{cv! Yjc{c e{c vc|c{em

vdfèm w{dfcvvcv ey xd{b jc{c! @a yjc l`{vy àvyeafc yjc{c `v e ks{cesf{efp x`yjà yjc Fdsayp

LE yjey x`yj `yv ld{oem {ey`daem`yp `v saekmc yd vcc kcpdai yjc làeafèm eai {cvds{fc

òwm`fey`dav yjey vsfj e lsaiàh kì xdsmi caye`m ev dwwdvci yd e vskvyeay`|c {ey`daem`yp yjey

xdsmi caye`m e od{c cyj`fem eww{defj x`yj ea òw{d|cocay à vdfèm nsvy`fc ev `yv dkncfy`|c! @a

eii`y`da- `y xev c|ìcay yjey yjc {cf{s`yàh dl kmefb eai oàd{`yp cyja`f fdoosa`y`cv xev vcca

ev e i`{cfy fjemmcahc yd yjc {smàh jchcoda`f fmevv dl ic|cmdwocay dll`fc{v!

L`{vy oep @ ewdmdh`~c ld{ vcaiàh pds yj`v coe`m- ksy @ {cfemm xjca @ l`{vy ocy pds mevy

pce{- yjc fdoocay xev oeic yd oc yjey Wcaaeay(v w{dkmco ey yjc yòc xev od{c

vdf`cyp w{dkmco {eyjc{ yjea yjc LE!!!Xcmm 5; odayjv jev wevy eai @ hdy e h{dsw dl 5


50/98

9;

oeaehc{ fmeò jc xev ady exe{c yjc mcehsc xev ldmici-9 d{ 3 iday badx xjey x`mm

jewwca yd yjc`{ kdpv ev yjcp e{c ady ev hddi ev dyjc{v! Yjc *Fje{yc{ vyeaie{i)

Fdsayp LE vcay coe`m à yjc od{aàh ld{ {cvsmyv yjca à yjc elyc{adda vcay eadyjc{

coe`m vepàh mcehsc jev ldmici x`yj òocièyc cllcfy! @ lce{ ld{ yjcvc pdsah wc{vdav

xjd fdoc l{do e i`vei|eayehc kefbh{dsai x`yj m`yymc cmvc hdàh ld{ yjco czfcwy yjclddykemm y{eààh yx`fc e xccb eai e heoc xccbcai! C|ca yjc fdefj xjd xc

adoàeyci ld{ e fje{yc{ vyeaie{i exe{i fdoc l{do yjc |c{p veoc kefbh{dsai à lefy

`l yjc y{syj xev badx jc(v xev e mdy xd{vc yjea odvy- pcy yj{dshj emm dl yj`v ei|c{ve{p

jc jev yebca : dl yjco da yd e làem ey Acxfevymc Sa`yci h{dsai aczy xccbcai! Pds

emvd ocay`da yjc lsaiàh kì mevy yòc xc ocy ey KFLF- da Odaiep 5vy Oep @ xev

fdayefyci kp yjc wc{vda xjd jev adx hdy yjc wdvy- jc xeayci evv`vyeafc à j`v acx

{dmc! Eheà @ veì à Mc`fcvyc{ yjey vdocdac x`yj efeico`femmp kefbh{dsai x`mm hcy

yjcvc wdvy ksy jc feay {cefj yjc pdsyjv l{do yjc àac{ f`yp kcjdmi `yv jewwca eheà!

*Y{svycc Dac ;77


51/98

96

ic|cmdwocay dl yjc v`yc eai ace{kp wmepàh l`cmiv `v o`{ci à mdfem eai vy{eych`f wmeaaàh

`vvscv! Yj`v xev ady kcld{c Vwd{y Cahmeai eyycaici e occyàh eai icye`mci xjey xev hdàh

yd jewwca yd emm dl yjc wmepàh l`cmiv x`yjdsy ewwe{caymp saic{yebàh eap fdavsmyey`da x`yj

{cvwcfy yd acci eai mdfem |`cxv!

Elyc{ vdoc occyàhv x`yj yjc F`yp Fdsaf`m ea emyc{aey`|c v`yc xev ìcay`l`ci à e vs`yekmc

mdfey`da à Nsac ;77

we{y`f`weayv à yjc lddykemmàh efy`|`y`cv e{c emvd à|dm|ci à heahv xj`fj fs{{caymp à

K`{oàhjeo e{c d{hea`vci emdah wdvyfdic màcv! Yjc v`yc yjc{cld{c jei yd kc da acsy{em

yc{{`yd{p dyjc{x`vc vdoc we{y`f`weayv xdsmi lccm ydd àyòìeyci yd eyycai! @a eii`y`da- yjc

mdfey`da dl yjc v`yc `v òwd{yeay ev oeap dl yjc pdsyjv xjd e{c we{y`f`weyàh mefb we{cayem

vswwd{y eai e{c {cmèay da wskm`f y{eavwd{y yd {cefj xj`fjc|c{ wmepàh l`cmi da xj`fj yjc

efy`|`yp `v yebàh wmefc! Yjc ldmmdxàh `v e usdyc l{do yjc Fje`{oea dl Fdayàcayem Vye{ xjd

{chsme{mp eyycaiv K`{oàhjeo F`yp Lddykemm Fmskv Efeicop da yjc dsyvb`{yv dl K`{oàhjeo>

@y eahc{v oc yd mce|c yjc efeicop à xàyc{ elyc{ ie{b yd vcc yjey yjc damp efeicop

bìv xe`yàh ey yjc ksv vydw ld{ ea àl{cuscay ksv e{c yjc kmefb bìv- xj`mvy yjc xj`yc

bìv emm hcy e m`ly jdoc x`yj yjc`{ we{cayv!

*Y{svycc Dac ;77


52/98

99

ev f{`fbcy wmepàh l`cmiv ey yjc odocay! Yj`v xev e l{svy{eyàh yòc ld{ yjc fmsk ev `mmsvy{eyci

kp yjc ldmmdxàh fda|c{vey`da>

Pds oep kc saic{ yjc òw{cvv`da yjey @ xev ydd i`vwmcevàh à op fda|c{vey`da x`yj

pds Yjs{viep mevy xccb- xc `y xev ady op àycay`da yd f{`y`f`vc$swvcy pds- ksy @(ohcyyàh |c{p i`v`mmsv`daci x`yj kcàh e fjeow`da ld{ KOC eai yjc vskvyeayèm eodsay

dl wmey`ysic @ je|c kcca h`|ca- cvwcfèmmp yjdvc @ je|c kcca xd{bàh fmdvcmp x`yj d|c{

e mcahyj dl yòc! XC$@ acci vswwd{y- xc je|c yebca ds{ lddy dll yjc hev eai e mdy dl

dffs{{cafcv dl meyc oebcv oc lccm vd vy{cvvci- @ lccm yjey @ feay fdayàsc yjc l`hjy!

Yjc mei xjd xev vjdy eai i`ci mevy xccb xev oceay yd kc da e fdefjàh fds{vc

vye{yàh ydod{{dx- yjc mei xjd |ìcd x`yj j`v wjdac j`v ycefjc{ fdoo`yyàh e vczsem

efy xev e mei @ svc yd w`fb sw eai yebc yd K`{oàhjeo F`yp Lddykemm Fmsk ld{ 5;

odayjv! @ fea hd da ksy emm @ eo idàh `v {cmcevàh ycav`da- ey yjc cai dl yjc iep

adyjàh x`mm fjeahc!

*Y{svycc Dac ;77


53/98

93

Nsvy e us`fb {coàic{ ldmmdxàh da l{do ds{ {cfcay occyàh à {cvwcfy dl yjc

{cus`{cocayv xc e{c vy`mm mddbàh ld{ à cefj ehc h{dsw! Ev pds e{c adx exe{c xc e{c

adx mddbàh od{c fmdvcmp ey kdpv eyjmcy`f ek`m`yp$vwcci eai vjewc! Yjc{c `v ad idsky

xc e{c mddbàh ld{ e us`fbc{ od{c eyjmcy`f wmepc{ yjey jev e a`fc wjpv`fem vjewc yd

yjco eai fea wmep eai kc cllcfy`|c à 55 | 55 lddykemm!*W{dlcvv`daem Lddykemm Fmsk ;773)

Yjc {coeàic{ dl yjc ocod{eaiso m`vyv yjc {cus`{cocayv dl cefj ehc h{dsw eai `v

idoàeyci kp yjc acci ld{ wmepc{v xjd e{c k`h wjpv`femmp- ehh{cvv`|c- eyjmcy`f eai xeay yd

mce{a- yjcp vjdsmi je|c e wjpv`fem w{cvcafc- kc fdokey`|c- idoàeay à kdyj v`~c eai vjewc-

fdowcy`y`|c- {ewì eai eyycay`da vjdsmi kc weì yd eyjmcy`f ek`m`yp! Yjc idfsocay `v wc{jewv

xd{yjp dl e vysip da `yv dxa- ksy `y `v ke{cmp f{ci`kmc yjey à ;773 e ocod{eaiso yd vfdsyv

l{do e W{co`c{vj`w lddykemm fmskv efeicop iì ady vwcf`lp yjey e wmepc{v lddykemmàh ek`m`yp

xev òwd{yeay eai yjc xd{i vb`mm iì ady ewwce{ dafc! Wc{jewv od{c à|ì`dsv e{c yjc fdici

eai jìica oceaàhv! Idcv yjc yczy v`ha`lp yjey kp vccbàh wjpv`femmp vy{dah- ehh{cvv`|c-

eyjmcy`f eai fdowcy`y`|c pdsahvyc{v yjey yjcp e{c efysemmp mddbàh ld{ kmefb pdsahvyc{v4 @v yj`v

ea czeowmc dl vyefbàh ev i`vfsvvci kp Fevjod{c *;777)4 Idcv yjc fdoocay yjey yjcp

vjdsmi xeay yd mce{a v`ha`lp yjey `y o`hjy kc wjpv`femmp ehh{cvv`|c kmefb pdsahvyc{v yjey yjcp

xeay- ksy kmefb pdsahvyc{v xjd e{c x`mmàh yd mce{a- sam`bc yjc kmefb pdsahvyc{v yjcp je|c jei

à yjc wevy d{ je|c adx4 E xd{yjp ydw`f ld{ eadyjc{ yòc wc{jewv!


54/98

9 E Vyeaie{i ld{ Vwd{yeai [efèm

Cusem`yp à Lddykemm2 Efj`c|cocay- Eòv eai Eok`y`davkp yjdvc d{hea`vey`dav {cvwdav`kmc ld{

lddykemm ic|cmdwocay à K`{oàhjeo xdsmi kc e hddi vye{yàh wdày! @y `v {cfdha`vci yjey yjc{c

e{c oeap {efèm cusem`yp à`yèy`|cv kcàh saic{yebca- jdxc|c{- yjc w{dkmcov dl saic{

{cw{cvcayey`da eodahvy yjc heocv eioà`vy{ey`da eai oeaehcocay x`mm ady kc yefbmci

samcvv yjdvc àvy`ysy`dav e{c w{cwe{ci yd fdoo`y yd wdm`f`cv yjey yefbmc yjey saic{

{cw{cvcayey`da i`{cfymp!


55/98

98

Yjc jchcoda`f vy{sfys{c dl lddykemm ic|cmdwocay `v emvd kcàh fjemmcahci à K`{oàhjeo!

Kmefb eai oàd{`yp cyja`f h{dswv e{c d{hea`vàh yjcovcm|cv vd yjey yjcp fea effcvv lsaiàh

vy{ceov dl yjc`{ dxa eai i`vy{`ksyc yjdvc lsaiv effd{iàhmp! Yjc ld{oey`da dl yjc [efc

Cusem`yp eai Ei|`vd{p H{dsw kp yjc Lddykemm Evvdfèy`da xev ea eyycowy kp yjco yd oeàyeàyjey jchcodap- jdxc|c{- `y `v yjc cvyekm`vjocay dl h{dswv vsfj ev yjc K`{oàhjeo Lddykemm

Ld{so yjey x`mm fjemmcahc yjey jchcodap kcld{c `y jev e fjeafc yd {cà|cay `yvcml yd fdsayc{

yjc h{dxàh |d`fcv eodahvy yjc kmefb eai oàd{`yp cyja`f fdoosa`y`cv!

@a eii`y`da- yjc {`hì yjàbàh eai ks{cesf{efp dl yjc d{hea`vey`dav yjey dvycav`kmp cz`vy yd

vswwd{y lddykemm ic|cmdwocay efysemmp {càld{fc mc|cmv dl vdfèm czfmsv`da yj{dshj yjc`{ àek`m`yp

yd oebc icf`v`dav eai lài àad|ey`|c vdmsy`dav yd yjc `vvscv ìcay`l`ci à yjc fevc vysip!

Yjcp osvy àvy`ysyc wdm`f`cv yjey cafds{ehc h{ceyc{ fdoosa`fey`da kcyxcca icwe{yocayv ev

xcmm ev e od{c cay{cw{cacs{èm fsmys{c yjey eòv yd lài vdmsy`dav yd w{dkmcov {eyjc{ yjea

wc{wcysemmp i`vfd|c{àh w{dkmcov!


56/98

9:

K`km`dh{ewjp

Evèav à Lddykemm Ld{so *;773) Evèav Fea Wmep Lddykemm> Eadyjc{ Xevyci IcfeicMdaida>

ELL

Kcesfjeowc- V! , @ahm`v- V! *;77 Cahm`vj Jc{`yehc!

K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m *;775) Yjc K`{oàhjeo Wmea Emyc{ey`dav eai Ca|`{daocayem

Eww{e`vem I{ely ld{ Wskm`f Icwdv`y- Oep ;775 K`{oàhjeo> K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m

K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m *;776) I{ely Wmepàh W`yfj Vy{eychpK`{oàhjeo> KFF

K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m *;779e) Ic|dmsy`da> Hdàh Mdfem RDamàc_ K`{oàhjeo> KFF

e|e`mekmc l{do jyyw>$$xxx!k`{oàhjeo!hd|!sb$ic|dmsy`da!kff RIeyc effcvvci 5;$7 Cihkevyda RDamàc_ K`{oàhjeo>

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K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m *;77 KFF!

K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m *;77 KFF!

K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m *;778e) Ic|dmsy`da> Hdàh Mdfem RDamàc_ K`{oàhjeo> KFF

e|e`mekmc l{do

jyyw>$$xxx!k`{oàhjeo!hd|!sb$Hcac{eycFdaycay4FDAYCAYT@YCOT@I?;88;:,FDAYCAYT@Y

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K{djo- N/O *508:) Vwd{y E W{`vda dl Ocevs{ci Yòc! Mdaida> Wmsyd W{cvv!

Ksmme{i- [ , Ndjavda- H! *5008) Nsvy Y{eavwd{yey`da à [! Ksmme{i eai H! Ndjavda *Civ) Nsvy

Y{eavwd{yey`da> I`voeaymàh [efc eai Fmevv Ke{{`c{v yd Odk`m`yp Hek{`dme @vmeai KF> Acx

Vdf`cyp Wskm`vjc{v!

Feaycmda- J! eai @ahjeo E! H! *;77;) Oez Xckc{ eai yjc Vdf`dmdhp dl Vwd{y à N! Oehs`{c

eai B! Pdsah *Civ) Yjcd{p- Vwd{y eai Vdf`cyp! Dzld{i> Cmvc|`c{ Vf`cafc!

Fe{{àhyda- K! eai OfIdaemi- @! *;775) @ay{disfy`da> [efc- Vwd{y eai K{`y`vj Vdf`cyp à K!

Fe{{àhyda eai @! OfIdaemi *Civ) [efc- Vwd{y eai K{`y`vj Vdf`cyp! Mdaida> [dsymcihc!

Fevjod{c- C! *50:;) Kmefb Vwd{yvoca! Mdaida> [dsymcihc

Fevjod{c- C! *;777) Oebàh Vcavc dl Vwd{yv! Mdaida> [dsymcihc

Fdmmàv- O! *;776) Vwd{y eai Vdfèm Czfmsv`daMdaida> [dsymcihc

Fdmmàv- O! eai Ksmmc{- N! *;776) Vdfèm Czfmsv`da l{do J`hj Wc{ld{oeafc Vwd{y Nds{aem dl

Vwd{y eai Vdfèm @vvscv\dm! ;8 Ad! 9 ww! 9;7/99;

Fdoyc- E! *507:) E Hcac{em \`cx dl Wdv`y`|`vo! Mdaida> [dsymcihc!

Fdoo`vv`da ld{ [efèm Cusem`yp *;777) Efj`c|àh [efèm Cusem`yp> E Vyeaie{i ld{ Vwd{y!

Mdaida> F[C

Fdoo`vv`da ld{ [efèm Cusem`yp *;779) F[C {cwd{y {c|cemv {ef`vo à lddykemm oeaehcocay

RDamàc_ jyyw>$$xxx!f{c!hd|!sb$iclesmy!evwz!mdfì/7jhacx77a!Meah/CA!jyo RIeyc effcvvci

;9$73$78_

Fdoo`vv`da ld{ [efèm Cusem`yp *;778e) Yjc Vycwjca Mex{cafc @aus`{p RDamàc_

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Fdoo`vv`da ld{ [efèm Cusem`yp *;778k) [efèm Cusem`yp à Lddykemm> Efj`c|cocayv- Eòv eai

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Yjc @aicwcaicay- Veys{iep 55 Icfcokc{ ;779- w! 88


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fdavy{eàyv Mc`vs{c Vf`cafcv\dm! 56 ww! 670/6;7

F{cvxcmm- N!X! *500:) Usem`yey`|c @aus`{p eai [cvce{fj Icv`ha Fjddvàh eodah L`|c

Y{ei`y`davMdaida> Vehc

F{cvxcmm- N!X! *;776) [cvce{fj Icv`ha Usem`yey`|c- Useay`yey`|c eai O`zci Ocyjdiv

Eww{defjcvMdaida> Vehc

F{dyyp- O! *500:) Yjc Ldsaiey`dav dl Vdfèm [cvce{fj! Mdaida> Vehc!

Icwe{yocay dl Fsmys{c Ociè eai Vwd{y *5000) Wdm`fp Efy`da yceo 57 [cwd{y> Vwd{y E{y eai

Vdfèm Czfmsv`daMdaida> IFOV

Icwe{yocay ld{ Fsmys{c- Ociè eai Vwd{y *;775) E Vwd{yàh Lsys{c ld{ EmmMdaida> IFOV

Icwe{yocay ld{ Fsmys{c- Ociè eai Vwd{y *;77;) Heoc Wmea> e vy{eychp ld{ icm`|c{àh

Hd|c{aocay(v Vwd{y eai Wjpv`fem Efy`|`yp Dkncfy`|cvMdaida> IFOV

Icwe{yocay ld{ Fsmys{c- Ociè eai Vwd{y *;776) Wmeaaàh ld{ Wmep> Wmepàh l`cmiv eai wdv`y`|c

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Icwe{yocay ld{ Fsmys{c- Ociè eai Vwd{y *;779e) Acx H{dsw Yd Yebc Ld{xe{i I{`|c Ld{

@ow{d|ci Vwd{yv Lef`m`y`cv W{cvv Ady`fc ;8 Oep ;779 RDamàc_ Mdaida> IFOV e|e`mekmc

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efy`|`yp eai `yv {cmey`davj`w yd jcemyj- Mdaida> Icwe{yocay dl Jcemyj!


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35

Icwe{yocay dl Jcemyj *;773) Jcemyj Vs{|cp ld{ Cahmeai ;779- Mdaida> Icwe{yocay dl Jcemyj

Idaacmmp- W *;776) Vwd{y eai Vdfèm Yjcd{p à K! Jdsm`jea *Ci) Vwd{y eai Vdf`cyp E Vysicay

@ay{disfy`daMdaida> Vehc Wskm`fey`dav

Cahm`vj Vwd{yv Fdsaf`m *5008) Wmepàh L`cmiv ld{ Vwd{y Wmeaaàh Ksmmcyà Mdaida> Vwd{y

Cahmeai

Lmcoàh- V! *5009) Vwd{y eai Vdsyj Evèa pdsyj> yjc wc{`mv dl lemvc sa`|c{vem`vo eai

vyc{cdypwàh Mc`vs{c Vysi`cv\dm! 56 ww! 530/588

Ldz- B! , [`fbe{iv- M! *;779) Vwd{y eai mc`vs{c> [cvsmyv l{do yjc vwd{y eai mc`vs{c odismc dl

yjc ;77; Hcac{em Jdsvcjdmi Vs{|cp- Mdaida> Yjc Vyey`dae{p Dll`fc!

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Hske- C! *5007) Yjc emyc{aey`|c we{ei`ho ièmdh à Hske- C! *Ci) Yjc We{ei`ho Ièmdh-

Mdaida- Vehc!

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eai W{efy`fc! Mdaida> [dsymcihc


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Vehc Wskm`fey`dav!

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Ldfsv\dm! 9 ww! 9/

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W{dlcvv`daem Lddykemm Fmsk *;773) Ocod{eaiso> [coàic{ {c Ehc H{dswv!

[ch`vyc{ dl Cahm`vj Lddykemm Lef`m`y`cv *;779) W`yfj Làic{ RDamàc_ Mdaida> [CLL e|e`mekmc

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eai saic{vyeaiàhv Nds{aem dl Mc`vs{c [cvce{fj\dm! ;0 Ad! 9 ww! 967/93;

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Vdfèm Czfmsv`da Sa`y *;777) Aey`daem Vy{eychp ld{ Ac`hjkds{jddi [cacxem [cwd{y dl Wdm`fp

Efy`da Yceo 5 Mce{aàh mcvvdavMdaida> Vdfèm Czfmsv`da Sa`y

Vwe{bcv- E! *500;) [cvce{fj à Wjpv`fem Cisfey`da eai Vwd{y> Czwmd{àh Emyc{aey`|c \`v`dav

Mdaida> Lemoc{ W{cvv

Vwd{y Cahmeai *5000) Wmeaaàh Wdm`f`cv ld{ Vwd{y> E meai svc wmeaaàh wdm`fp vyeycocay da

kcjeml dl vwd{yMdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai


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39

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;777) Vwd{yv We{y`f`wey`da eai Cyja`f`yp à Cahmeai> Aey`daem Vs{|cp

5000$;777! Mdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai!

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;777) Wmepàh L`cmiv ld{ Vwd{y [c|`v`yci Wmeaaàh Ksmmcyà Mdaida> Vwd{yCahmeai

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;775e) Vwd{yv Cus`yp @aiczMdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;775k) Vwd{yv Cus`yp @aicz ld{ [chsme{ We{y`f`wey`daMdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;776) Ydxe{iv e mc|cm wmepàh l`cmi> E hsìc yd yjc w{disfy`da dl wmepàh w`yfj

vy{eych`cvMdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;779) Yjc L{eocxd{b ld{ Vwd{y à Cahmeai Oebàh Cahmeai ea Efy`|c eai

Vsffcvvlsm Vwd{yàh Aey`da> E \`v`da ld{ ;7;7Mdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai

Vwd{y Cahmeai *;773) Saic{vyeaiàh We{y`f`wey`da à Vwd{y e Vpvycoey`f [c|`cx! Mdaida>

Vwd{y Cahmeai!

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yj{dshj hddi icv`ha! Mdaida> Vwd{y Cahmeai!

Vwd{yv Fdsaf`m *50:5) Eaasem [cwd{yMdaida> Vwd{yv Fdsaf`m!

Vwd{yv Fdsaf`m- Fcay{em Fdsaf`m dl Wjpv`fem [cf{cey`da- Aey`daem Wmepàh L`cmiv Evvdfèy`da

*5005) Yjc wmepàh w`yfj vy{eychp eai hsìc yd evvcvvàh wmepàh w`yfj {cus`{cocayv eai

ic|cmdwàh mdfem wdm`fpMdaida> Vwd{yv Fdsaf`m

Vw{efbmca- B! *;776) Vcyyàh e vyeaie{i4 Ocevs{àh w{dh{cvv à yefbmàh {ef`vo eai

w{dodyàh vdfèm àfmsv`da à Cahm`vj vwd{y à E! @kkcyvda- K! Xeyvda eai O! Lc{hsvda *Civ)

Vwd{y- Mc`vs{c eai Vdfèm @afmsv`da! Cevykds{ac> Mc`vs{c Vysi`cv Evvdfèy`da!

Yjc Lddykemm Evvdfèy`da *;77 Lài e Fmsk RDamàc_

jyyw>$$xxx!yjcle!fdo$H{evv{ddyvAcx$Wmepc{$Wdvyàhv$;777$76$LàiEFmsk!jyo RIeyc

effcvvci ;7$73$78_


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33

Y{svycc Dac! *;77


64/98

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Ic|cmdwocay iepv yjc Fmsk jev d{hea`vci eai {sa |e{`dsv ic|cmdwocay

iepv ld{ `aac{ f`yp pdsahvyc{v ey 9 w{dlcvv`daem lddykemm fmsk efeico`cv is{`ah


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75/98

Vfe{oea Y{svy

Vwd{yàh Fjeafc

Le{o Vy{ccy Fjs{fj

L`{vy Fmevv Pdsyj Acyxd{b ocayd{àh vc{|`fc

Acxydxa Fdoosa`yp Fcay{c

Xcvy Vìc Hpo

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Fdaacz`dav

Yjc Kevbcykemm Emmèafc *YKE)

Jce{y

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FCYE

VHK

@y `v ca|`vehci yjey emm dl yjc ekd|c ocay`daci efy`|`y`cv fdsmi kc saic{yebca

ey Veaida [dei! Yj{dshj `yv ic|cmdwocay iepv- Fdayàcayem Vye{ jev e odicm

à wmefc yjey xdsmi emmdx ld{ sw yd ;77 fj`mi{ca c|c{p xccb yd cahehc à

efy`|`y`cv da yjc v`yc! Yj`v xdsmi à|dm|c e adoàem fje{hc dl e{dsai ; wc{

jcei! @a eii`y`da- `y xdsmi kc yjc àycay`da yd czweai da yjc fdefjàh fds{vcv

eai yd w{d|ìc eii`y`daem {clc{ccàh fds{vcv! Yjcvc xdsmi kc d{hea`vci à

fdansafy`da x`yj kdyj K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`m eai yjc mdfem Fdsayp LE!

Fdayàcayem jev emvd kcca ks`miàh {cmey`davj`wv x`yj vc|c{em mdfem vfjddmv


76/98

dac vca`d{ lmddim`y eismy w`yfj

dac eii`y`daem vca`d{ w`yfj

yxd eii`y`daem nsa`d{ w`yfjcv

fjeahàh eai occyàh lef`m`y`cv ev wc{ {cfcaymp dwcaci Mes{cm [dei lef`m`ypà Jeaivxd{yj

lmddim`y OSHE

Fdayàcayem Vye{ xdsmi kc vccbàh yd oeaehc yjc lef`m`yp da e mcevcjdmi kev`v

x`yj e 57 pce{ mcevc eai ; pce{ {c|`cx k{cebv e wdvv`kmc vye{yàh wdày! @y `v

w{dwdvci yjey yjc oeaehcocay dl yjc lef`m`yp `v saic{yebca kp e y{svy xj`fj

x`mm àfmsic y{svyccv l{do ady damp Fdayàcayem Vye{ ksy l{do yjc we{yac{v

ocay`daci ekd|c eai emvd yjc mdfem fdoosa`yp! @y oep emvd kc svclsm yd adycyjey yjc oeaehcocay eai eioà`vy{ey`da dl yjc fmsk jev kcca {c|`vci à

{cfcay pce{v x`yj yjc cvyekm`vjocay dl e oeaehcocay fdoo`yycc eai yjc fmsk

`v emvd adx e fdoweap mò`yci kp hse{eaycc! @a eii`y`da- `y ev emvd heàci

Fje{`yekmc Vyeysv vd yjey wdycayèm acx lsaiàh vy{ceov fea kc czwmd{ci!

Yjc w{dwdvem ekd|c oewv dsy e vy{eychp ld{ e lddykemm ic|cmdwocay

we{yac{vj`w xj`fj x`mm ldfsv da yjc icm`|c{p dl kcvy w{efy`fc yd icw{`|ci

ac`hjkds{jddiv eai fdoosa`y`cv à K`{oàhjeo svàh Fdayàcayem Vye{ LF

eai lddykemm ev yjc |cj`fmc! @a d{ic{ yd efj`c|c yjey `y {cus`{cv e wc{oeacay

eai vsvyeàekmc v`yc!


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Fea pds czwmeà pds{ à|dm|cocay à vfjddm lddykemm4

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Saic{ 53 mc|cm!

Fea pds ycmm oc jdx pds hdy à|dm|ci à i`vy{`fy lddykemm l`{vy dl emm4

@ hdy à|dm|ci à i`vy{`fy lddykemm yj{dshj ea dmi l{`cai dl oàc xjd w{c|`dsvmp

iì vdoc fdefjàh à Adyyàhjeo! Xjca jc od|ci àyd yjc K`{oàhjeo e{ce-

ev jc `v ea dmi l{`cai dl oàc- jc vye{yci idàh vdoc fdefjàh ld{ yjc

C{iàhyda eai Vemymcp Saic{ 56 eai jc {cf{s`yci oc ev jc accici vdoc jcmw!

@ je|c kcca à|dm|ci à yjc C{iàhyda eai Vemymcp i`vy{`fy ld{ yjc mevy 6 d{ 9

pce{v fdefjàh e |e{`cyp dl lddykemm yceov!

Xev yjc{c e vcmcfy`da w{dfcvv à yc{ov dl pds hcyyàh à|dm|ci à i`vy{`fy

lddykemm fdefjàh4 *5!60)

Yjc oeà {cus`{cocay `v yjey pds je|c yd kc à|dm|ci à vdoc xep x`yj vdoc

vfjddmv lddykemm fdefjàh eai yjc lefy yjey @ iì je|c vdoc fdefjàh

czwc{`cafc eai @ iì je|c yjc dmi LE Fdefjàh W{cmòàe{p keihc jcmwci! Ev

pcy @ je|c ady jei yjc dwwd{ysa`yp yd yebc yjc acx LE fdefjàh exe{i isc yd

yòc {cvy{`fy`dav eai yjc lefy `y damp jewwcav ey yjc odocay is{àh yjc vfjddm

jdmìepv!

Fdsmi pds fme{`lp xjey ld{oem fdefjàh usem`l`fey`dav pds id je|c4 *;!;3)

@ je|c yjc dmi LE W{cmòàe{p Mc|cm 6 Fdefjàh Keihc!

Fdsmi pds fme{`lp xjey ehc h{dswv pds fdefj ey i`vy{`fy mc|cm4


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85

Ey yjc odocay xc e{c fdefjàh Saic{ 53 ksy @ je|c fdefjci Saic{ 55 yd

Saic{ 5< d|c{ yjc mevy lcx pce{v!

Id yjc bìv ey yjc odocay wmep lddykemm dsyvìc dl i`vy{`fy mc|cm4

E asokc{ dl yjc bìv wmep- ewe{y l{do vfjddmv- emm je|c mdfem lddykemm yceov

eai vdoc wmep ld{ mdfem w{dlcvv`daem fmskv vsfj ev K`{oàhjeo- Xemvemm eai

Xdm|c{jeowyda ev xcmm ev ey Fdsayp mc|cm!

Fea pds fme{`lp jdx mdah pds je|c kcca à|dm|ci ey i`vy{`fy mc|cm4

Ld{ yjc mevy 9 pce{v!

Jev i`vy{`fy lddykemm fdefjàh fjeahci à yjc yòc pds je|c kcca à|dm|ci4

*6!93)

@ yjàb `yv fjeahci à yjey op fdmmcehsc eai @ je|c mce{ay eai hdy kcyyc{ ev xc

je|c hdac emdah! @yv jcmwci yjc lefy yjc{c e{c od{c fdefjàh oeasemv fdoàh

dsy eai yjc ek`m`yp yd hd da od{c fds{vcv emyjdshj @ je|cay hdac da eap pcy

ev xcmm ev kcyyc{ |ìcdv! Vwcaiàh od{c yòc x`yj yjc bìv eai yjc dwwd{ysa`yp

yd hd sw yd Fdsayp mc|cm yd id e k`y dl fdefjàh yjc{c jev jcmwci!

Jdx osfj yòc id pds vwcai x`yj yjc bìv ey i`vy{`fy mc|cm wc{ xccb ld{

czeowmc4 *9!;7)

Ey yjc odocay xc nsvy yjco ws{cmp da e heoc kp heoc kev`v! Xc iday je|c

yjc dwwd{ysa`yp- ev yjcp emm je|c yjc`{ dxa yceov yd wmep ld{- yd yebc yjco ld{

oeap w{efy`fcv xc oep hcy yjc dwwd{ysa`yp yd yebc yjco ld{ e fdswmc dl

w{efy`fc vcvv`dav is{àh yjc pce{! Le`màh yjey yjc damp yòc xc hcy yd w{efy`fc

`v xjca xc d{hea`vc l{`caim`cv xjca xc je|c yjc bìv ld{ ekdsy eai jds{

kcld{cjeai! Xc {sa yj{dshj vdoc i{`mmv eai vdoc fdefjàh ksy efysem

fdefjàh yòc `v |c{p mò`yci isc yd yjc lefy yjey yjc bìv wmep e mdy dl lddykemm!


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8;

Xjey `v yjc vcmcfy`da w{dfcvv ey i`vy{`fy mc|cm4

Yjeyv kevci da c`yjc{ sv ev fdefjcv hdàh dsy yd vcc yjc bìv wmep ld{ yjc`{

vfjddmv d{ xc e{c icwcaicay da yjc ocokc{v dl vyell ey |e{`dsv vfjddmv

x`yjà yjc i`vy{`fy wsyyàh yjc`{ bìv ld{xe{i xjd yjcp yjàb e{c fewekmc! Xc yemb

e mdy yd yjc ycefjc{v ey yjc vfjddmv eai yjcp ycmm sv xjd `v hddi xjd `v kei-

xjd jev e hddi eyy`ysic- xjd jev e kei eyy`ysic! Yj`v `v {clmcfyci à yjc bìv

yjcp k{àh ld{xe{i! Xc h`|c yjc bìv ey mcevy yxd d{ yj{cc heocv- w{clc{ekmp à

l{`caim`cv- eai vdoc vysicayv e{c hddi cadshj eai vdoc d{ ady! Yjdvc xjd

e{c ady hd kefb yd yjc`{ vfjddmv xj`mvy yjdvc xjd e{c fdoc eai wmep ld{ yjc

i`vy{`fy!

Id pds yjàb yjey yjc{c e{c vsll`f`cay usem`l`ci lddykemm fdefjcv ey vcfdaie{p

vfjddm mc|cm4 *

Ad! Nsvy yd hcy ycefjc{v yd yebc lddykemm yceov `v |c{p {e{c! Wcdwmc nsvy iday

xeay yd h`|c sw yjc`{ vwe{c yòc Vdoc dl yjc bìv e{c ady h{eyclsm cadshj-

vysicayv iday ys{a sw yd y{eààh vcvv`dav- xjca yjcp hcy da yjc w`yfj yjcp

eksvc dwwdv`y`da yceov- eksvc yjc {clc{cc! Yjcp iday vjdx eap

fdavìc{ey`da d{ {cvwcfy yd wcdwmc xjd h`|c sw yjc`{ yòc eai `y oebcv `y

i`ll`fsmy ld{ wcdwmc xjd xeay yd ndà eai id yjey! @ id `y kcfesvc @ candp `y!

Xjey vd{y dl vswwd{y id pds hcy dsyvìc dl yjc vfjddm vpvyco l`{vy dl emm à

yc{ov dl fdefjàh vswwd{y4 *8!;;)

C{iàhyda `v us`yc hddi! Yjc wc{vda {cvwdav`kmc ld{ {saaàh `y `v |c{p

fdoo`yyci lddykemm eai C{iàhyda eai Vemymcp lddykemm! Ksy |e{`dsv vfjddmv e{c

ady |c{p vswwd{y`|c! Hdàh da fdefjàh vcvv`dav fdvyv odacp eai i`vy{`fyv id

ady je|c e mdy dl odacp! Xc id hcy vdoc vd{y dl odacp l{do yjc LE ksy {cemmp

`yv nsvy ady cadshj! Ld{ àvyeafc- xc vy{shhmc yd hd yd exep l`zys{cv! Xc e{c

icwcaicay da we{cayv yd i{`|c sv kcfesvc xc feay elld{i yd j`{c e fdefj vd

xc e{c ady hdàh yd je|c yjc ek`m`yp yd wep ld{ fdefjàh vcvv`dav c`yjc{ ld{ sv

d{ vysicayv!


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Xjey vd{y dl vswwd{y id pds hcy à yc{ov dl lef`m`y`cv xjey `v e|e`mekmc4

@a yc{ov dl w`yfjcv4 D{ kemmv4

@a yc{ov dl fdefjàh!

Xc vccb yjc evv`vyeafc dl yjc wc{vda {cvwdav`kmc ld{ {saaàh C{iàhyda eai

Vemymcp I`vy{`fy lddykemm eai jc `v |c{p jcmwlsm à h`|àh sv odvy dl yjc yjàhv

yjey xc {cus`{c!

Xjey xdsmi pds id yd òw{d|c yjc v`ysey`da ey kdyj vfjddm eai i`vy{`fy mc|cm4

*0!53)

L`{vy dll yd òw{d|c yjc vyeaie{i ey vfjddm mc|cm pds acci yd hcy od{c

wcdwmc à|dm|ci! Pds acci hcy wcdwmc xjd e{c wevv`daeyc eai fe{c

ekdsy yjc vwd{y `yvcml ksy sald{ysaeycmp yjey x`mm damp fdoc x`yj làeafc!

Ycefjc{v e{c ady w{cwe{ci yd vwcai yxd d{ yj{cc jds{v elyc{ vfjddm dl

yjc`{ dxa yòc samcvv yjcp e{c wdvv`kmp kcàh weì ld{ `y! @yv |c{p {e{c

pds e{c hdàh yd lài ycefjc{v m`bc opvcml xjd e{c w{cwe{ci yd id yjey

yxd d{ yj{cc yòcv e xccb! Dyjc{v xday id `y samcvv yjcp e{c weì! Dafc

pds hcy yd i`vy{`fy mc|cm pds acci làeafcv! Pds acci yd kc ekmc yd wsmm

vysicayv dsy eai h`|c yjco efysem w{dwc{ fdefjàh vcvv`dav kcfesvc

vddac{ d{ meyc{ yjdvc e{c yjc bìv xjd e{c hdàh yd id xcmm ey Fdsayp

mc|cm d{ lddykemm mcehsc d{ ada/mcehsc mc|cm! Da ydw dl yjey xc acci kcyyc{

lef`m`y`cv! Xc je|c lddykemm w`yfjcv ace{ ds{ vfjddm xj`fj je|c kcca

mpàh ic{cm`fy ld{ pce{v xj`mvy xc vy{shhmc yd hcy effcvv yd hddi usem`yp

lddykemm w`yfjcv!

Vd à yc{ov dl vfjddm lddykemm jdx osfj yòc id pds vwcai x`yj bìv ey Pce{ 0

mc|cm wc{ xccb4


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@ je|c dac y{eààh vcvv`da wc{ xccb eai ìcemmp dac heoc wc{ xccb ev

xcmm!

Eai jdx mdah idcv yjey y{eààh vcvv`da ad{oemmp mevy4

Eapyjàh kcyxcca eai jds{ yd ea jds{ d{ jeml elyc{ vfjddm icwcaiàh da

yjc iep @ fea jdmi e vcvv`da eai emvd icwcaicay da yjc fmòeyc eai emvd

`l yjc{c e{c dyjc{ wdvv`kmc l`zys{cv hdàh da!

Eai xjca id yjcp wmep yjc heoc ey vfjddm lddykemm mc|cm4 *57!3:)

@y fea kc eap iep kcyxcca Odaiep eai L{ìep!

Vd yjc{c `v ad yòc x`yjà yjc vfjddm fs{{`fsmso yd vwcai yòc x`yj yjdvc bìv4

Ad! Adac xjeyvdc|c{ kcfesvc yjc vfjddm fs{{`fsmso `v w{cyyp osfj xcmm

vd{yci dsy eai pds feay {cemmp wsmm vysicayv dsy dl fmevvcv nsvy yd wmep

lddykemm! Yjc damp yòc pds o`hjy kc ekmc yd wdvv`kmp id yjey `v xjca

yjcp hcy yd e làem eai yjca yjc vfjddm `v mcvv {cmsfyeay yd vydw yjey! Yjcp

e{c od{c m`bcmp yd vep pcv pds fea je|c yòc yd vwcai x`yj yjc bìv

kcfesvc dl yjc bsidv `y elld{iv yjc vfjddm!


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83

Ewwcai`z I Y{svycc Yxd mcyyc{ {che{iàh KOC

{cw{cvcayey`da à fdefjàh *Oep ;77


84/98

8 E fevc dl yjc Fj`fbca eai yjc chh!

@y jev dlyca kcca veì yjey vwd{y eai à we{y`fsme{ lddykemm {clmcfyv vdf`cyp eai yjey

`vvscv vsfj ev {ef`vo ld{ àvyeafc e{c vdf`cypv w{dkmcov yjey dlyca oea`lcvy

yjcovcm|cv x`yjà lddykemm!

Yjdvc à fje{hc dl yjc heoc je|c à {cfcay yòcv idac e mdy yd òw{d|c yjc òehc dl

yjc heoc ey mcevy à yj`v fdsay{p! [ef`vy fjeayv e{c ad mdahc{ yjc ad{o ld{ yjc lea da

yjc yc{{efc d{ vjdsmi @ vep vey à yjc vceyv! Feowe`hav vsfj ev B`fb `y dsy je|c

fda|àfci sv emm yjey yjc{c `v ad {ddo ld{ {ef`vo x`yjà ds{ kcesy`lsm heoc! Ksy xjey

jev `y {cemmp efj`c|ci4 Pcej- vs{c @ jce{ pds vep yjey y jev vydwwci yjc {ef`vy

{coe{bv kcàh ye{hcyci ey kmefb wmepc{v à we{y`fsme{- eai leav xjd id oebc yjcvc

fdoocayv e{c kcàh ìcay`l`ci eai cncfyci l{do vyei`sov eai {`hjymp vd% Ksy yd xjey

czycay jev `y jei ea òwefy kcpdai w`yfj mc|cm4 E{c yjdvc vey à lddykemmv @|d{p

Ydxc{v *yjc kde{i{ddov) fdafc{aci cadshj yd eii{cvv yj`v `vvsc yjc{c4 Xj`mvy yjc

B`fb `y Dsy feowe`ha `v yd kc ewwmesici ld{ xjey `y jev efj`c|ci yjsv le{2 `y jev da

yjc dyjc{ jeai le`mci yd eicuseycmp eii{cvv yjc usem`yey`|c e{hsocay yjey vy`mm {ehcv

da! Mcy sv ady hcy fe{{`ci exep x`yj yjc kefb vmewwàh nsvy pcy- kcfesvc yjc

wc{fcayehc dl kmefb wmepc{v à yjc heoc jev àf{cevci! Yjc feowe`ha acciv yd

kchà yd emyc{ yjc eyy`ysicv eai wc{vwcfy`|cv dl yjdvc dffswpàh yjc @|d{p Ydxc{v yd

y{smp kc fdavìc{ci e vsffcvv! [da Adeicv yjc ld{oc{ F{pvyem Wemefc Fje`{oea eai

od{c {cfcaymp [da Eybàvda lddykemm wsai`y `mmsvy{eyc yj`v wdày!

Xj`mvy yjc w{dlcvv`daem heoc vy`mm jev dkvyefmcv yd d|c{fdoc- yjdvc dl sv à|dm|ci ey

h{evv{ddyv mc|cm je|c xjey dlyca ewwce{v yd kc àvs{odsayekmc dkvyefmcv kcld{c sv!

B`fb `y dsy à we{y`fsme{ jev msmmci sv ey yj`v mc|cm àyd kcm`c|àh yjey `y fea je|c e

wdv`y`|c òwefy jc{c ydd% K`~e{{cmp cadshj- à vdoc àvyeafcv yjc v`ysey`da ey yj`v

mc|cm `v à lefy kcyyc{! Ld{ czeowmc yjc{c e{c od{c KOC *wmcevc czfsvc op svc dlyj`v wdwsme{ o`vadoc{) fdefjcv $ oeaehc{v à|dm|ci à lddykemm! Yjc {cvy{`fy`dav

wmefci da sv ey yj`v mc|cm e{c yàp à fdowe{`vda! Dlyca jc{c oeap wcdwmc hcy àyd

fdefjàh kcfesvc yjc`{ fj`mi `v à|dm|ci à yjc heoc eai wc{jewv yjcp je|c wmepci e

k`y xjca yjcp xc{c pdsahc{! Jdxc|c{ ld{ yjdvc xjd yebc fdefjàh vc{`dsvmp eai

xeay yd ic|cmdw ls{yjc{- yjc{cà mepv yjc w{dkmco!

D|c{ yjc pce{v @ je|c x`yacvvci oeap pdsah wcdwmc xjd je|c hdac dayd fdmmchc d{

je|c kcca ms{ci dayd hd|c{aocay à`yèy`|cv yd id fdefjàh keihcv- damp yd lài yjey


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`y jev ady w{d|ìci yjc fdefjàh dwwd{ysa`y`cv yjey yjcp xc{c mci yd kcm`c|c `y xdsmi!

Ld{ yjc msfbp lcx yjey id lài fdefjàh ndkv- oeap dl yjco je|c yd y{e|cm dsyvìc dl

yjc`{ fdoosa`y`cv à d{ic{ yd wmp yjc`{ acxmp efus`{ci vb`mmv! Yjdvc xjd e{c ld{ysaeyc

cadshj yd xd{b x`yjà yjc`{ fdoosa`y`cv e{c dlyca czwcfyci yd id vd à |c{p

fjemmcahàh f`{fsovyeafcv *`!c! yjcp e{c dlyca |pàh ld{ yjc damp e|e`mekmc dwca

vwefc) eai dlyca x`yj |c{p m`yymc {cvds{fcv! @y `v ady vs{w{`vàh yjey yjcvc wdycayèm

fdefjcv e{c wsy dll kp yj`v eai dlyca i{`ly dsy dl fdefjàh ev e fdavcuscafc!

K`{oàhjeo F`yp Fdsaf`mv Wmepl`cmi Vy{eychp j`hjm`hjyv yj`v w{dkmco- vshhcvyàh yjey

yjc{c `v e ice{yj dl dwca vwefc e|e`mekmc x`yjà yjc àac{ f`yp e{cev! Yjc{cld{c yjdvc

x`vjàh yd wmep d{hea`vci lddykemm ld{ àvyeafc je|c yd y{e|cm dsyvìc dl yjc`{

fdoosa`yp à d{ic{ yd id vd! Yj`v {e`vcv `vvscv dl lsaiàh- xj`fj dlyca oceav yjey

yjcvc wcdwmc e{c w{cfmsici l{do yjc efy`| yp fdafc{aci! Yj`v `v ady e saùsc vcy dl

f`{fsovyeafcv @ jce{ pds vep eai pds xdsmi kc {`hjy- vdf`d/cfdado`f lefyd{v fea

ellcfy sv emm `{{cvwcfy`|c dl {efc- f{cci d{ hcaic{2 jdxc|c{ kmefb wcdwmc e{c dlyca

i`vw{dwd{y`daeycmp {cw{cvcayci jc{c! @a eii`y`da yd yj`v- oeap dl yjcvc pdsah wcdwmc

x`mm ady y{e|cm yd eadyjc{ e{ce dl yjc f`yp yd wmep lddykemm c|ca `l yjcp fea elld{i yd id

vd kcfesvc dl yjc Wdvy Fdic wjcadocada!

M`bc yjc`{ w{dlcvv`daem fdsayc{ we{yv yjc{c `v e xcemyj dl wdycayèm KOC fdefjcv $

oeahc{v i{dwwàh dsy dl yjc heoc- oeàmp à we{y isc yd e mefb dl v`ha wdvyàh x`yj

{che{iv yd fdefjàh usem`l`fey`dav! Ksy yjc{cà mepv yjc w{dkmco! Dafc yjcvc

wdycayèm fdefjcv je|c kcca i`{cfyci ydxe{iv yjc {cmc|eay fds{vcv eai dkyeà yjc`{

usem`l`fey`dav `y `v emodvy a`hj da òwdvv`kmc ld{ yjco yd wmp yjc`{ y{eic ey ea

cvyekm`vjci fmsk cvwcfèmmp x`yjà yjc wp{eoì vpvyco emmchcimp isc yd e mefb dl

czwc{`cafc!

Jdxc|c{- yjc vdmsy`da `v e idskmc cihc vxd{i yjey m`cv x`yjà yjc { fdoosa`y`cv! Ev

ocay`daci kcld{c oeap pdsah wcdwmc x`yjà yjc àac{ f`y`cv e{c f{pàh dsy ld{vdocxjc{c yd wmep lddykemm eai ld{ vdocdac x`yj yjc badx jdx yd fdefj yjco

fd{{cfymp l{do ea ce{mp ehc! Yjc LEv Fje{yc{ Vyeaie{i fmsk à`yèy`|c jev kchsa yd

lef`m`yeyc yj`v yd vdoc ich{cc ksy yd ieyc à K`{oàhjeo yjc{c e{c damp yj{cc vsfj

fmskv coeaeyàh l{do yjc àac{ f`yp *vdoc dl yjco je|c fdoc ekdsy ev e {cvsmy dl

hd|c{aocay lsaiàh eòci ey yefbmàh hsa f{òc! Xjey x`mm jewwca yd yjcvc fmskv

dafc yjc lsaiàh i{`cv sw4) Pcy- yjcvc fmskv e{c f{sfèm `l xc e{c yd w{disfc hddi

usem`yp kmefb fdefjcv dl yjc lsys{c! Ld{ oeap fdefjcv `y `v jc{c yjey yjcp x`mm kc ekmc

yd jdac yjc`{ vb`mmv yd yjc osysem kcacl`y dl emm à|dm|ci! X`yj kcyyc{ usem`yp fdefjàh


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8:

dac xdsmi czwcfy yd vcc od{c pdsah wcdwmc l{do yjc àac{ f`y`cv hdàh da yd wmep

lddykemm ey e j`hjc{ mc|cm eai ev yjc fdefjàh òw{d|cv vd ydd x`mm yjc {cwsyey`da dl

yjc fmskv- xj`fj à ys{a x`mm eyy{efy kcyyc{ wmepc{v eai fdefjcv! H`|ca yòc- jdwclsmmp

yjcvc fdefjcv x`mm kc à e wdv`y`da yd kc dllc{ci e lddykemm ndk kevci vdmcmp swda yjc`{

oc{`y eai ady da yjc`{ wdvy fdic!

Oeap dl yjc wdm`f`cv e{c à wmefc ld{ yjc{c yd kc le`{ {cw{cvcayey`da dl kmefb fdefjcv

à yjc heoc ksy pcy yjc hmevv fc`màh vy`mm cz`vyv ld{ kmefb fdefjcv kdyj ey yjc

w{dlcvv`daem eai h{evv{ddyv mc|cm! @y `v we{eodsay `l xc e{c yd k{ceb yj`v fpfmc yjey ev

oeap fmskv ey h{evv{ddyv mc|cm l{do yjc àac{ f`yp e{cev e{c cafds{ehci yd dkyeà

yjc{c Fje{yc{ Vyeaie{i vyeysv ey yjc |c{p mcevy! Ld{ x`yjdsy yjcvc fmskv yjc

dwwd{ysa`y`cv ld{ yjc cz`vycafc dl usem`yp kmefb fdefjcv iòà`vjcv ls{yjc{! Yjc

{cfcay jsay ld{ ea Cahmeai oeahc{ vshhcvy yjey xc vy`mm je|c e mdah xep yd hd ev yjc

zcadwjdk`f e{hsocayv yjey xc{c wmepci dsy à yjc ociè vshhcvyàh yjc acci ld{ ea

Cahm`vj oea yd oeaehc yjc Cahm`vj aey`daem vìc idcv ady kdic xcmm ld{ yjc lsys{c dl

kmefb fdefjcv à yjc heoc!


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80

Ewwcai`z C Fdayàcayem Vye{ LF mcyyc{ {che{iàh

{cw{cvcayey`da à lddykemm eioà`vy{ey`da *Oep ;77


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:7

Fday`acayem Vye{ LF {cvwdavc yd occy`ah x`yj da Oep 3yj ;77

a critical appraisal of playing field provision in birmingham for black and minority ethnic...

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