a highway behind the wall socket. electricity from the ... y... · e : didactic workshop. school...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A highway behind the wall socket Electricity from the power station to your home
April - October 2014Exhibition Guide
This guide is exclusively
for your use in the
various sections of this
exhibition Please hand
it back at the exit when
you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
A highway behind the wall socket
Electricity from the power station to your home
Can you imagine a world or your life without electricity
We have learnt to generate and control this energy and over time
we need to use it for more things and in larger quantities
Understanding what it is how it is generated how it is transported
and managed can help us to consume it in an efficient
and sustainable way
The exhibition A highway behind the wall socket is an interactive
journey which invites you to participate experiment
discoverhellipThe first section of the exhibition is dedicated
to the physical principles of electricity to the thousand
and one faces of this phenomenon
The second section explains the electricity supply process the
challenge of balancing generation and consumption How is electricity
generated How does it travel along electricity networks
How does it reach our homes In short what the electricity system is
and how it works
In the third section the visitor as a citizen and as a consumer
becomes the protagonist Through various interactive
exhibits you can find out how we consume electricity and the effect
our consumption habits have on the whole system In addition
you will find some ideas on different ways to consume more efficiently
and responsibly
1
Plan of the exhibition
B
A
C D
End Start
E
F
A Electricity the force of nature tamed 04
B A highway behind the wall socket
Electricity from the power station to your home 12
C From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption 27
D Find out morehellip
In this space you will find publications a survey and diverse
information supporting this exhibition
E Didactic workshop
School groups can carry out different workshops and
learning activities guided by monitors
F Projection room
Here you can see various audiovisuals regarding the
transmission of electricity the balance between generation
and consumption the integration of renewables etc
2
A responsible exhibition
In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges
sustainable development and the fight against climate change
As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we
strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in
efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment
bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs
(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)
bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums
bull Minimization of disposable materials
bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood
bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation
and publications available at the exhibition
Electricity Consumption
This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations
with the exception of the air conditioning
It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos
in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated
The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following
0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed
LED light performance comparison
bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes
500 W 70 W = 714
bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb
1250 W 70 W = 178
3
Electricity the force of nature tamed
1
3
2
End Start
1
2
3
A responsable exhibition
Experiment table
Transmission experiments
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
4
Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the
experiments you can carry out in this area
Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy
Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts
perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us
Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible
Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile
We can transform it into light sound movementhellip
And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed
We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently
this will please the planet andhellip your pocket
5
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
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(400 kV)
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I I
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII
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I I I
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I I II
I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I I I
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I III
IIIIIIII
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I I I IIIII
I
Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
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I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
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I I
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I I
I I
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I I
I I
I I
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III
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II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 2: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A highway behind the wall socket
Electricity from the power station to your home
Can you imagine a world or your life without electricity
We have learnt to generate and control this energy and over time
we need to use it for more things and in larger quantities
Understanding what it is how it is generated how it is transported
and managed can help us to consume it in an efficient
and sustainable way
The exhibition A highway behind the wall socket is an interactive
journey which invites you to participate experiment
discoverhellipThe first section of the exhibition is dedicated
to the physical principles of electricity to the thousand
and one faces of this phenomenon
The second section explains the electricity supply process the
challenge of balancing generation and consumption How is electricity
generated How does it travel along electricity networks
How does it reach our homes In short what the electricity system is
and how it works
In the third section the visitor as a citizen and as a consumer
becomes the protagonist Through various interactive
exhibits you can find out how we consume electricity and the effect
our consumption habits have on the whole system In addition
you will find some ideas on different ways to consume more efficiently
and responsibly
1
Plan of the exhibition
B
A
C D
End Start
E
F
A Electricity the force of nature tamed 04
B A highway behind the wall socket
Electricity from the power station to your home 12
C From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption 27
D Find out morehellip
In this space you will find publications a survey and diverse
information supporting this exhibition
E Didactic workshop
School groups can carry out different workshops and
learning activities guided by monitors
F Projection room
Here you can see various audiovisuals regarding the
transmission of electricity the balance between generation
and consumption the integration of renewables etc
2
A responsible exhibition
In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges
sustainable development and the fight against climate change
As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we
strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in
efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment
bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs
(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)
bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums
bull Minimization of disposable materials
bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood
bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation
and publications available at the exhibition
Electricity Consumption
This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations
with the exception of the air conditioning
It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos
in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated
The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following
0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed
LED light performance comparison
bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes
500 W 70 W = 714
bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb
1250 W 70 W = 178
3
Electricity the force of nature tamed
1
3
2
End Start
1
2
3
A responsable exhibition
Experiment table
Transmission experiments
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
4
Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the
experiments you can carry out in this area
Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy
Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts
perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us
Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible
Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile
We can transform it into light sound movementhellip
And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed
We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently
this will please the planet andhellip your pocket
5
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
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(400 kV)
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
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Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
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I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 3: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plan of the exhibition
B
A
C D
End Start
E
F
A Electricity the force of nature tamed 04
B A highway behind the wall socket
Electricity from the power station to your home 12
C From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption 27
D Find out morehellip
In this space you will find publications a survey and diverse
information supporting this exhibition
E Didactic workshop
School groups can carry out different workshops and
learning activities guided by monitors
F Projection room
Here you can see various audiovisuals regarding the
transmission of electricity the balance between generation
and consumption the integration of renewables etc
2
A responsible exhibition
In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges
sustainable development and the fight against climate change
As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we
strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in
efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment
bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs
(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)
bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums
bull Minimization of disposable materials
bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood
bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation
and publications available at the exhibition
Electricity Consumption
This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations
with the exception of the air conditioning
It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos
in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated
The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following
0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed
LED light performance comparison
bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes
500 W 70 W = 714
bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb
1250 W 70 W = 178
3
Electricity the force of nature tamed
1
3
2
End Start
1
2
3
A responsable exhibition
Experiment table
Transmission experiments
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
4
Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the
experiments you can carry out in this area
Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy
Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts
perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us
Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible
Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile
We can transform it into light sound movementhellip
And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed
We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently
this will please the planet andhellip your pocket
5
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
I
I
I
I
II
II
II
I II
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II
II I
I
I
I I I I
II
II
I
IIII
III
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I
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II
III
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III
IIIII
IIIIIII
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I
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I
IIII
II
IIII
I I I I
II
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II
I
IIIII
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IIIII
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I I I I I I I I I I I
II
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I
IIIIIIIII
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I I I
I
I I I
II
III
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I
I I I I I I I
I I I
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I
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IIII
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I I I I I I I I I III
I I
I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I I
I
IIIIIII
I
I
I
IIII
I
II
I
I
I
I
II
II
II
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II
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IIIII
II
II
I
II
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II I
I
II
I
IIII
I I II
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
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Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
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I I I
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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
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I I
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III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 4: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A responsible exhibition
In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges
sustainable development and the fight against climate change
As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we
strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in
efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment
bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs
(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)
bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums
bull Minimization of disposable materials
bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood
bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation
and publications available at the exhibition
Electricity Consumption
This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations
with the exception of the air conditioning
It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos
in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated
The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following
0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed
LED light performance comparison
bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes
500 W 70 W = 714
bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb
1250 W 70 W = 178
3
Electricity the force of nature tamed
1
3
2
End Start
1
2
3
A responsable exhibition
Experiment table
Transmission experiments
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
4
Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the
experiments you can carry out in this area
Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy
Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts
perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us
Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible
Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile
We can transform it into light sound movementhellip
And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed
We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently
this will please the planet andhellip your pocket
5
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
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II
III
II
II
I
I
II I
II
II
I I I I I I
I
I I I
II
III
II
II
I I I I
III
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
III
I
I I I I I I I
I
I
III
I I I I I I
I
II
IIIIIII
II
II
IIIIII
III
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
IIII
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I I I I I III
II
III
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I II
II
II
II
I
III
I
I I
I I I
IIII
IIIIIIIII
I II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
I
IIIIIIIII
I
I
II I
II
II
II
I
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
III
II
I
II
II
IIIIIII
I I I I I I
I
I I
II
I
I
II
I
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
IIIIIIIIIIII
I
III
II
I
I
II
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
II
II
II
II
I
I I
II
I
II I I I I
I
II
I I
II
III
I I I II I I I I I I I I
III
II
I
I I I I I I I I
II
I
III
I
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIII
I
III
II I I I I I I
II
II
I
II
III
I I II
II
IIII
I
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II
I
III
II I
I I
II
IIIIIIII
II
II
I
I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I
I
II
IIIIII
IIIIIII
IIII
III I
I
I
II
I
II
II
I
II
IIIIIIII
I
I
I
I I I I II
I
I I IIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
IIIIII
II
I
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
I
II I
I I I I
III
I
I I
I
III
III
IIII I
I
I
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II I I I I
I III
I
I I I I III
II
II
II
I II IIIII
II
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II I I
I
I I I
I I
I I I I I I
III
II
I I II
II
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II
III
II
III
II
I
III
I I I
II
II
I
II
II III
IIII
IIII
I II I
IIIIIIII
I I I I I I I II
II
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IIIIIII
II
II
I I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I I
I
II
II
II
II
I I
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I
II
II
II
(400 kV)
II I
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I
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I I I
II
ET
ET
II
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II
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I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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IIIIII
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I I I
I
I
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I
I II I II I I
I I II
I I I I
I I IIII
II I
IIII
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I
I I I I I I I I I I I
II
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II
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I III
IIIIIIII
I
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I I I I
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I I I I I I II I
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II I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
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IIIII I
II
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I
I I I
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I
IIIII
I
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I I IIIII
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I
IIIIIIIIIIII
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I
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I
I I I I I I
I
I
I I I IIIII
I
Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 5: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Electricity the force of nature tamed
1
3
2
End Start
1
2
3
A responsable exhibition
Experiment table
Transmission experiments
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
4
Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the
experiments you can carry out in this area
Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy
Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts
perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us
Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible
Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile
We can transform it into light sound movementhellip
And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed
We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently
this will please the planet andhellip your pocket
5
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
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(400 kV)
II I
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
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I
II
I
II
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I
I
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II
I
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I I I I
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I
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I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
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I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
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I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
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I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 6: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the
experiments you can carry out in this area
Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy
Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts
perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us
Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible
Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile
We can transform it into light sound movementhellip
And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed
We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently
this will please the planet andhellip your pocket
5
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
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II
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I I I I I I I I I I I
II
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IIIIIIIII
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
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Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
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I I I
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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
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II
I I
II
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I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
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Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
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IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 7: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments
What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or
movement Why does a cable carry it to your home
Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile
electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have
or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to
this section
01 Electricity transformed into light
As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference
is transformed into light
Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms
of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave
them they emit light
The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm
Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results
02 What is electricity
Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted
of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth
Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor
originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit
Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel
uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another
Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone
03 High voltage or high electric current
The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may
produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage
or its current
These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage
is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths
of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few
volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram
filament)
Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order
to facilitate its practical usage high current is used
Push the button and activate the circuits
6
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
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I
I II
II
II
II
I
III
I
I I
I I I
IIII
IIIIIIIII
I II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
I
IIIIIIIII
I
I
II I
II
II
II
I
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
III
II
I
II
II
IIIIIII
I I I I I I
I
I I
II
I
I
II
I
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
IIIIIIIIIIII
I
III
II
I
I
II
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
II
II
II
II
I
I I
II
I
II I I I I
I
II
I I
II
III
I I I II I I I I I I I I
III
II
I
I I I I I I I I
II
I
III
I
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIII
I
III
II I I I I I I
II
II
I
II
III
I I II
II
IIII
I
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II
I
III
II I
I I
II
IIIIIIII
II
II
I
I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I
I
II
IIIIII
IIIIIII
IIII
III I
I
I
II
I
II
II
I
II
IIIIIIII
I
I
I
I I I I II
I
I I IIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
IIIIII
II
I
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
I
II I
I I I I
III
I
I I
I
III
III
IIII I
I
I
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II I I I I
I III
I
I I I I III
II
II
II
I II IIIII
II
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II I I
I
I I I
I I
I I I I I I
III
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
III
II
III
II
I
III
I I I
II
II
I
II
II III
IIII
IIII
I II I
IIIIIIII
I I I I I I I II
II
II
IIIIIII
II
II
I I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I I
I
II
II
II
II
I I
II
II
II
I
II
II
II
(400 kV)
II I
II
I
II
I
I I I
II
ET
ET
II
I I
II
II
II
II
I
II
II
I
II
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I
IIIIII
I I I I
II
II
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IIIIIIIIII IIIII
I I
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I II
IIII
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IIIII
II
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IIIIIIIIII
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I I I I I I II
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I I I I I I I I I
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III
IIII
I II
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I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
I
IIIIII
IIII
I
I I I
I
I
II
II
II
I
I II I II I I
I I II
I I I I
I I IIII
II I
IIII
III
I
I I I I I I I I I I I
II
II
II
I
I III
IIIIIIII
I
I
I
I
I
I I I I
I
I
II
I
I
II
I
I I
I I I I I I II I
II
II
II
III
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
II
II
IIIII
II
IIIII I
II
II
II
II I
IIII
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II
II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
I
I
I
IIIII
I
III
II
IIIIII I
IIIIIIII
II
I I IIIII
II
I I II
I
IIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIII
I
I
II
I
II
I IIII I
I
I I I I I I
I
I
I I I IIIII
I
Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 8: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically
With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and
a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here
Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into
a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either
compressors or mechanical elements
Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface
05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin
An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical
The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields
In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field
Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass
Push the button and observe
06 Electricity transformed into movement
An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field
produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more
powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another
one
This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows
Push the button and observe
07 Motor or generator
Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the
electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another
copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity
and electricity creates magnetism
Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to
the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens
08 How to generate electricity with our own hands
All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates
neurons
Now experiment with your own hands
Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons
are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical
flow just like in a battery
Place your hands on the plates and observe
09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving
The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means
of electrons from their electron clouds
An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take
advantage of these electrons
Push the button
7
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
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(400 kV)
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
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Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
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I I I
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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 9: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
10 Which do you prefer light or heat
A light bulb has just one function to produce light
If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being
dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say
it is inefficient
We must choose the most efficient ones
Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs
is the most efficient
Transmission experiments
To break an arc
In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is
capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of
maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage
Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when
the separation between the electrodes is very large
Tesla Faraday Edison
Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity
He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of
modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of
which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the
technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances
The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is
undoubtedly the most well known of these
Better or worse conductors
Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very
valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver
If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to
copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made
a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight
Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to
the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes
8
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
I
I
I
I
II
II
II
I II
II
II
II
II I
I
I
I I I I
II
II
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III
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II
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IIIII
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II
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II
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II I I I
I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I
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II
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I I I I I
I I I II
I II
II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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I
I
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I I I I I II
IIIII
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I I II
I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
I I I I I I I
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
I
I III
I I I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
I I
IIIIIIIIIII
I
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I I I I I I
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I I I I
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I
I I I I I I I
I
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III
I I I I I I
I
II
IIIIIII
II
II
IIIIII
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II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I II
II
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II
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IIII
II
II
II
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II
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II
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II
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II
II
II
I I I I I III
II
III
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I II
II
II
II
I
III
I
I I
I I I
IIII
IIIIIIIII
I II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
I
IIIIIIIII
I
I
II I
II
II
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I
I
I
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II
II
II
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II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
III
II
I
II
II
IIIIIII
I I I I I I
I
I I
II
I
I
II
I
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
IIIIIIIIIIII
I
III
II
I
I
II
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
II
II
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II
I
I I
II
I
II I I I I
I
II
I I
II
III
I I I II I I I I I I I I
III
II
I
I I I I I I I I
II
I
III
I
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIII
I
III
II I I I I I I
II
II
I
II
III
I I II
II
IIII
I
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II
I
III
II I
I I
II
IIIIIIII
II
II
I
I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I
I
II
IIIIII
IIIIIII
IIII
III I
I
I
II
I
II
II
I
II
IIIIIIII
I
I
I
I I I I II
I
I I IIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
IIIIII
II
I
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II
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II
II
I
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II
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II I
I I I I
III
I
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I
III
III
IIII I
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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II I I I I
I III
I
I I I I III
II
II
II
I II IIIII
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II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II I I
I
I I I
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I I I I I I
III
II
I I II
II
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II
III
II
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III
I I I
II
II
I
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II III
IIII
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I II I
IIIIIIII
I I I I I I I II
II
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IIIIIII
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II
I I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I I
I
II
II
II
II
I I
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II
(400 kV)
II I
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II
ET
ET
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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I I II
I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I I I
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I III
IIIIIIII
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I I I I I I II I
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I I I IIIII
I
Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 10: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Where does electricity come from
In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions
gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force
Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one
converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible
to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that
today are considered essential in our life
Which energies do we consume most of
Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy
in Spanish homes industries and services
Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose
consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined
for transport
Final energy consumption
Renewable energies 71
Coal gas 03
Coal 12
Petroleum products
511
Gas 174 Electricity 229
Which technologies produce electricity in Spain
Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources
These in turn may be renewable or fossil
Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation
of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially
wind power
9
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
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(400 kV)
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
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A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
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I I
I I
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III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 11: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Electricity generation
Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2
10 Solar 5
Nuclear 21
Wind power generation 21
Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14
Coal 15
Renewable energies
42
Electricity a growing necessity
At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out
business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going
Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)
1TWh= 1 billion KWh
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2009 2011 2012 2013
The increasing weight of electricity
electricity divided by final energy consumed
30
20
10
0
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013
10
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
I
I
I
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II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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II
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I
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II
II
II
I
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
III
II
I
II
II
IIIIIII
I I I I I I
I
I I
II
I
I
II
I
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
IIIIIIIIIIII
I
III
II
I
I
II
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
II
II
II
II
I
I I
II
I
II I I I I
I
II
I I
II
III
I I I II I I I I I I I I
III
II
I
I I I I I I I I
II
I
III
I
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIII
I
III
II I I I I I I
II
II
I
II
III
I I II
II
IIII
I
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II
I
III
II I
I I
II
IIIIIIII
II
II
I
I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I
I
II
IIIIII
IIIIIII
IIII
III I
I
I
II
I
II
II
I
II
IIIIIIII
I
I
I
I I I I II
I
I I IIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
IIIIII
II
I
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
II
I
II I
I I I I
III
I
I I
I
III
III
IIII I
I
I
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II I I I I
I III
I
I I I I III
II
II
II
I II IIIII
II
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II I I
I
I I I
I I
I I I I I I
III
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
III
II
III
II
I
III
I I I
II
II
I
II
II III
IIII
IIII
I II I
IIIIIIII
I I I I I I I II
II
II
IIIIIII
II
II
I I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I I
I
II
II
II
II
I I
II
II
II
I
II
II
II
(400 kV)
II I
II
I
II
I
I I I
II
ET
ET
II
I I
II
II
II
II
I
II
II
I
II
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IIIIII
I I I I
II
II
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IIIIIIIIII IIIII
I I
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I II
IIII
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IIIII
II
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I I I I I I II
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I I I I I I
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II I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
I II
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IIII
I II
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I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
I
IIIIII
IIII
I
I I I
I
I
II
II
II
I
I II I II I I
I I II
I I I I
I I IIII
II I
IIII
III
I
I I I I I I I I I I I
II
II
II
I
I III
IIIIIIII
I
I
I
I
I
I I I I
I
I
II
I
I
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I I
I I I I I I II I
II
II
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III
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
II
II
IIIII
II
IIIII I
II
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II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
I
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I
IIIII
I
III
II
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II
I I IIIII
II
I I II
I
IIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIII
I
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II
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I IIII I
I
I I I I I I
I
I
I I I IIIII
I
Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 12: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year
bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources
bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies
bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2
Solar Peninsular Total
Wind power Peninsular Total
Wind and solar farms are
shown grouped by autonomous
community according to their
geographical dispersion Data
regarding installed capacity as on
1 January 2014
Where electricity is produced
Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and
transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist
Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This
technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the
debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the
electricity generation process
Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source
Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural
gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam
thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations
Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking
advantage of water stored in dams
Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into
electricity
Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which
is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the
sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells
11
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
I
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
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Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
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II
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I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
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I
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IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
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Plasencia
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IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 13: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station
10 9
7 to your home
11 6
5 12
8 4
15 13 14
End Start
4 Where does electricity come from
5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
6 Interactive Meshed grid model
7 Electricity transmission
8 Electricity system model
9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
10 The integration of renewables
11 Electrical equipment
12 Electricity management
13 Protecting biodiversity
14 Connect and respect
15 Bird saving devices
Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a
constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres
environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that
electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always
whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and
consumption
12
13
I
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(400 kV)
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Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
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II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
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II
I
II
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I
I
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I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
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II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
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I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
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I
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I I I
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I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
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Plasencia
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IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 14: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
13
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I I II
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I
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I IIII
I I I I I II
IIIII
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I I II
I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
I I I I I I I
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
I
I III
I I I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
I I
IIIIIIIIIII
I
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I I I I I I
I
I I I
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II
I I I I
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II
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II
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I
I I I I I I I
I
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I I I I I I
I
II
IIIIIII
II
II
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II
I
I I I I I I I I I I II
II
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II
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II
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II
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II
II
I I I I I III
II
III
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
II
II
II
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II
II
II
I
I II
II
II
II
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III
I
I I
I I I
IIII
IIIIIIIII
I II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
I
I
IIIIIIIII
I
I
II I
II
II
II
I
I
I
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II
II
II
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II
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II
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
III
II
I
II
II
IIIIIII
I I I I I I
I
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II
I
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II
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
I
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
II
II
II
I
II
I
I
II
II
II
II
IIIIIIIIIIII
I
III
II
I
I
II
II
I I II
II
II
II
II
II
II I I I
I
I I I
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
IIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
II
II
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II
II
II
II
II
II
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IIIIIIIII
II
II
II
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
II
II
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II
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I I
II
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II I I I I
I
II
I I
II
III
I I I II I I I I I I I I
III
II
I
I I I I I I I I
II
I
III
I
II
II
II
I
IIIIIIIIII
I
III
II I I I I I I
II
II
I
II
III
I I II
II
IIII
I
II
II
I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II
I
III
II I
I I
II
IIIIIIII
II
II
I
I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I
I
II
IIIIII
IIIIIII
IIII
III I
I
I
II
I
II
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II
IIIIIIII
I
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I I I I II
I
I I IIIIIII
II
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IIIIIII
II
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II
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IIIIII
II
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II
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II
II
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I I I I
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II I I I I
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I I I I III
II
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
II I I
I
I I I
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I I I I I I
III
II
I I II
II
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III
I I I
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II III
IIII
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IIIIIIII
I I I I I I I II
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I I I I I I I I I I I
II I I I I I
I
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(400 kV)
II I
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII
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I I I IIIII
I
Electricity transmission
Electrical energy transmission grid
Lines
In service
Under construction and programmed
Underground submarine cables Under
construction and planned
122
122
In service
112
112
Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed
Circuits Voltages
Predicted Installed
400 kV220 kV
132divide110 kV66 kV
lt 66 kV
Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage
In service Under construction or programmed
Substations
Power stations
HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation
Canary Islands Electricity System
Balearic Islands Electricity System
The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System
Red Eleacutectrica is owner
of the high voltage
electricity transmission
grid In its role
as transmission agent
and grid manager it has
the responsibility to
develop increase and
maintain this grid
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 15: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
0
A high voltage grid
The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is
dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage
In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is
produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore
the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses
Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to
the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in
this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts
The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220
and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages
are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users
at lower voltages
Why alternating current
Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the
transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter
this problem
The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the
waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained
a
10
05
-05
-10
120ordm
90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm
Diagram which illustrates
the displacement of the
alternating current sine
waves a
14
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 16: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
15
The substations connection and transformation
The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function
is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform
the voltage at which electrical energy circulates
Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment
and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices
etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where
the electricity system is operated and managed
Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits
The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists
of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase
displacement between them is balanced
Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed
of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside
a material which is a good conductor of electricity
Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the
transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding
wells
Cross-sectional view of cable conductors
Steel Aluminium
Circuit
Grounding cable
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 17: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
High voltage transmission experiment
Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them
transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other
In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is
reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor
On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the
difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of
electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher
This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances
In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport
the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases
16
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 18: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
V
I
I
II
I
II
I
II
I I
II
I
I
Vald
A meshed transmission grid
The transmission grid crosses the entire territory
Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This
transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different
voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed
throughout the territory
International interconnections
Detail of the transmission grid
CAacuteCERES
III
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIII I I I I
I
I
II
I I I
III I
I
I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I
I I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
II
II
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas
Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Trujillo
Plasencia
eres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Guadame
Valdecaballeros
Morata
J M de Oriol
San Servaacuten Meacuterida
Bienvenida
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda
Morata Villaviciosa
J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area
The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian
electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait
of Gibraltar
The fibre optic network
Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage
lines
This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre
optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the
operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote
control of grid elements
Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)
where operations are carried out on the system in
real time
17
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 19: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What does a meshed grid consist of
The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600
substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid
be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages
This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being
produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the
electricity supply
Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the
table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is
being reinforced
Interactive meshed grid model
The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the
connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists
Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models
(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table
listed from top to bottom)
bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply
to the points of consumption
bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails
an alternative exists
bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible
routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced
bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes
whilst diminishing the effect of any incident
Selecting routes which respect the environment
All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and
they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact
on the natural surroundings and society
In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are
adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for
the conservation of ecosystems and native species
In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation
of biodiversity
18
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 20: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year
The electricity balance
The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption
as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the
exact moment it is needed
Production power stations Consumers
Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates
the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country
In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only
meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events
that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production
programmes to cover that demand
Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining
the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption
And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power
stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation
The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables
you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring
that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need
no matter what happens
Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree
19
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 21: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The electricity system brain
The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole
electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity
reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the
year
The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high
offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre
of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to
vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various
grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply
Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre
(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm
New challenges of system operation
Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of
pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of
the system faces from the point of view of demand management
The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the
demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the
demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a
greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity
system
20
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 22: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
21
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours
Valley hours
Peak hoursFlexible generation
Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes
data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand
and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production
technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation
The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket
From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential
stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its
distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route
so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the
minimum of energy losses
Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via
the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed
transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points
The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the
electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this
interactive consultation programme
Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy
Reduce consumption in peak hours
bull Intelligent networks
bull International interconnections
bull Flexible consumers
Displacing consumption to valley hours
bull The electric car
bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage
bull The integration of renewable energies
bull International interconnections
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 23: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change
Nature helps us
The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts
is by transforming it into electricity
The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these
renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity
does not emit CO2
Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies
Evolution of renewable energies
GWh
120000
0
20000
40000
60000
280
353
325 319
424
80000
100000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage
22
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 24: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Safe integration the key
Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and
unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or
when the wind will blow
In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate
their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity
infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their
world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies
The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an
efficient clean and sustainable energy model
All the information available instantly
Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain
From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of
renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled
With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in
the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre
Same supply lower emissions
Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity
system
In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations
which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available
In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit
CO2
23
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 25: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura
Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura
Falagueira
Guadame Brazatortas
Guillena Carmona
Torrijos-Villaverde
Villaviciosa
Morata
Morata
Guadame
Talavera-Majadahonda
CAacuteCERES
BADAJOZ
III
I I I I
I I
I
II
I
II
IIIIIIIIII
I
I
II
II
I
I I
I I I I
III I
I
I I I I I I I I I III I I I I
I I I I I I I I
I
III
II
IIIIIIIIIIIII
I I I I I
I I I
I I I I
II
I I
II
I I
I I
I
IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II
I
II
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I I I
Plasencia
I I I I I I I I
IIII
II I I I I
I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
III
I I I I I
II
I I
I I
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I I I I I I I I I
IIIIIIIII Alqueva
Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz
Valdecantildeas
Torrejoacuten
Gabriel y Galaacuten
Guijo de Granadilla
Meacuterida
Casatejada Almaraz
Alvarado Vaguadas
Trujillo
Caacuteceres
CN Almaraz
Arantildeuelo
Valdecaballeros
JM de Oriol Cedillo
BalboaSider Balboa
Brovales
Bienvenida
San Servaacuten
Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II
Guillena
Electric energy production in Extremadura
Biomass 607
Solar thermal 011
Electric power 2343
Petroleum products 5789
Gas 125
24
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 26: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Electricity system model This interactive model
reproduces the way in which
Hydroelectric power station
Wind power generation
Photovoltaic power station
Thermal power station
Distribution substation reduces voltage
Industrial consumption
Residential consumption (cities homes)
Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)
High voltage towers (transmission)
Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)
Transmission substation increases voltage
an electricity system functions
When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in
motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated
Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical
infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres
And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption
(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage
distribution grid to the end-users
25
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 27: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission
of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria
26
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 28: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bird saving devices
Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety
increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica
actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen
these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards
sustainability and the environment
71
30
m
Bird saving spirals
More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters
27
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 29: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption
16 The electric vehicle
17
18
19
At your homehellip
How do you consume electricity
Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo
18
19
17
21
20 Photo booth
Find out more
20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP
End Start
23 PROJECTION ROOM
22
Electricity is generated and its transmission to
the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact
moment in which it is used In fact the entire
electricity system is designed and managed with
theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in
which each consumer makes use of this energy
has a direct influence on the system as a whole
23
We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against
climate change respect for the environment and the protection of
biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient
use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take
advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from
citizens
In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible
consumptionhellip and you will help the planet
28
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 30: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities
Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent
tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement
Opportunities
bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses
bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption
bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight
recharging
bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports
bullbullNoise reduction in the cities
Challenges
bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours
bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries
bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters
bullbullInstallation of recharging points
29
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 31: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Serving society
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became
the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the
transmission and operation of the electricity system
Key player of the electricity system
Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and
system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a
secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole
Red Eleacutectrica data
42000 kilometres of lines
600 substations
1700 employees
(Data January 2014)
A committed and sustainable company
Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the
natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being
awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions
30
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 32: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Published by
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177
28109 Alcobendas - Madrid
wwwreees
Edition date
January 2014
English translation by
Wayman English International
wwwwaymanenglishcom
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you
![Page 33: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042403/5f1762a3c0acea66dc4e3887/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
32
Museo Abierto de Meacuterida
Calle Cabo Verde sn
06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)
Tel +0034 924 380 194
wwwmeridaes
wwwturismomeridaorg
Guided visits
+0034 955 113 699
reservasencarteproduccionescom
Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea
educacionreees
wwwreees
This guide is exclusively for your
use in the various sections of this
exhibition Please hand it back at the
exit when you leave so that others
may use it Thank you