a highway behind the wall socket. electricity from the ... y... · e : didactic workshop. school...

33
A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the power station to your home. April - October 2014 Exhibition Guide This guide is exclusively for your use in the various sections of this exhibition. Please hand it back at the exit when you leave so that others may use it. Thank you.

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Page 1: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

A highway behind the wall socket Electricity from the power station to your home

April - October 2014Exhibition Guide

This guide is exclusively

for your use in the

various sections of this

exhibition Please hand

it back at the exit when

you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

A highway behind the wall socket

Electricity from the power station to your home

Can you imagine a world or your life without electricity

We have learnt to generate and control this energy and over time

we need to use it for more things and in larger quantities

Understanding what it is how it is generated how it is transported

and managed can help us to consume it in an efficient

and sustainable way

The exhibition A highway behind the wall socket is an interactive

journey which invites you to participate experiment

discoverhellipThe first section of the exhibition is dedicated

to the physical principles of electricity to the thousand

and one faces of this phenomenon

The second section explains the electricity supply process the

challenge of balancing generation and consumption How is electricity

generated How does it travel along electricity networks

How does it reach our homes In short what the electricity system is

and how it works

In the third section the visitor as a citizen and as a consumer

becomes the protagonist Through various interactive

exhibits you can find out how we consume electricity and the effect

our consumption habits have on the whole system In addition

you will find some ideas on different ways to consume more efficiently

and responsibly

1

Plan of the exhibition

B

A

C D

End Start

E

F

A Electricity the force of nature tamed 04

B A highway behind the wall socket

Electricity from the power station to your home 12

C From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption 27

D Find out morehellip

In this space you will find publications a survey and diverse

information supporting this exhibition

E Didactic workshop

School groups can carry out different workshops and

learning activities guided by monitors

F Projection room

Here you can see various audiovisuals regarding the

transmission of electricity the balance between generation

and consumption the integration of renewables etc

2

A responsible exhibition

In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges

sustainable development and the fight against climate change

As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we

strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in

efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment

bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs

(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)

bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums

bull Minimization of disposable materials

bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood

bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation

and publications available at the exhibition

Electricity Consumption

This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations

with the exception of the air conditioning

It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos

in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated

The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following

0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed

LED light performance comparison

bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes

500 W 70 W = 714

bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb

1250 W 70 W = 178

3

Electricity the force of nature tamed

1

3

2

End Start

1

2

3

A responsable exhibition

Experiment table

Transmission experiments

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

4

Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the

experiments you can carry out in this area

Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy

Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts

perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us

Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible

Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile

We can transform it into light sound movementhellip

And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed

We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently

this will please the planet andhellip your pocket

5

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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(400 kV)

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I

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IIIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

I

IIIIII

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I I I

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I I II

I I I I

I I IIII

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IIII

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IIIIIIII

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I

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I

II

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I

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I

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I I I IIIII

I

Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

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I I

I I

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III

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II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 2: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

A highway behind the wall socket

Electricity from the power station to your home

Can you imagine a world or your life without electricity

We have learnt to generate and control this energy and over time

we need to use it for more things and in larger quantities

Understanding what it is how it is generated how it is transported

and managed can help us to consume it in an efficient

and sustainable way

The exhibition A highway behind the wall socket is an interactive

journey which invites you to participate experiment

discoverhellipThe first section of the exhibition is dedicated

to the physical principles of electricity to the thousand

and one faces of this phenomenon

The second section explains the electricity supply process the

challenge of balancing generation and consumption How is electricity

generated How does it travel along electricity networks

How does it reach our homes In short what the electricity system is

and how it works

In the third section the visitor as a citizen and as a consumer

becomes the protagonist Through various interactive

exhibits you can find out how we consume electricity and the effect

our consumption habits have on the whole system In addition

you will find some ideas on different ways to consume more efficiently

and responsibly

1

Plan of the exhibition

B

A

C D

End Start

E

F

A Electricity the force of nature tamed 04

B A highway behind the wall socket

Electricity from the power station to your home 12

C From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption 27

D Find out morehellip

In this space you will find publications a survey and diverse

information supporting this exhibition

E Didactic workshop

School groups can carry out different workshops and

learning activities guided by monitors

F Projection room

Here you can see various audiovisuals regarding the

transmission of electricity the balance between generation

and consumption the integration of renewables etc

2

A responsible exhibition

In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges

sustainable development and the fight against climate change

As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we

strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in

efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment

bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs

(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)

bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums

bull Minimization of disposable materials

bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood

bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation

and publications available at the exhibition

Electricity Consumption

This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations

with the exception of the air conditioning

It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos

in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated

The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following

0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed

LED light performance comparison

bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes

500 W 70 W = 714

bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb

1250 W 70 W = 178

3

Electricity the force of nature tamed

1

3

2

End Start

1

2

3

A responsable exhibition

Experiment table

Transmission experiments

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

4

Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the

experiments you can carry out in this area

Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy

Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts

perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us

Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible

Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile

We can transform it into light sound movementhellip

And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed

We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently

this will please the planet andhellip your pocket

5

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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(400 kV)

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

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I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 3: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Plan of the exhibition

B

A

C D

End Start

E

F

A Electricity the force of nature tamed 04

B A highway behind the wall socket

Electricity from the power station to your home 12

C From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption 27

D Find out morehellip

In this space you will find publications a survey and diverse

information supporting this exhibition

E Didactic workshop

School groups can carry out different workshops and

learning activities guided by monitors

F Projection room

Here you can see various audiovisuals regarding the

transmission of electricity the balance between generation

and consumption the integration of renewables etc

2

A responsible exhibition

In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges

sustainable development and the fight against climate change

As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we

strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in

efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment

bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs

(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)

bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums

bull Minimization of disposable materials

bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood

bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation

and publications available at the exhibition

Electricity Consumption

This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations

with the exception of the air conditioning

It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos

in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated

The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following

0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed

LED light performance comparison

bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes

500 W 70 W = 714

bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb

1250 W 70 W = 178

3

Electricity the force of nature tamed

1

3

2

End Start

1

2

3

A responsable exhibition

Experiment table

Transmission experiments

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

4

Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the

experiments you can carry out in this area

Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy

Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts

perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us

Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible

Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile

We can transform it into light sound movementhellip

And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed

We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently

this will please the planet andhellip your pocket

5

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

13

I

I

I

I

II

II

II

I II

II

II

II

II I

I

I

I I I I

II

II

I

IIII

III

II

I

II

II

III

I

III

IIIII

IIIIIII

II

I

I

I

IIII

II

IIII

I I I I

II

II

II

I

IIIII

II

III

I

II

I I

II

II

IIII

II

IIIII

II

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

I

IIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I I I

I

I I I

II

III

II

I

I I I I I I I

I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I I I I I

I

II

II

II

I

IIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

I II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I III

I I

I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

IIIIIII

I

I

I

IIII

I

II

I

I

I

I

II

II

II

II

II

II

IIIII

II

II

I

II

II

II I

I

II

I

IIII

I I II

I

IIIIII

I

I

I

I

II

I

I

I

I

I I I I I

II

IIIIIII

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

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I I I

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I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

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I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

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I I

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I I I I I

II

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I I

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I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 4: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

A responsible exhibition

In the present context we are all confronted by two great challenges

sustainable development and the fight against climate change

As a responsible company committed to sustainability in REE we

strive to ensure that all our activities make improvements possible in

efficiency energy savings and respect for our natural environment

bull Graphic Displays illuminated by LEDs

(Between 7 to 18 times more efficient than fluorescent lighting or incandescent light)

bull Usage of reusable materials and mediums

bull Minimization of disposable materials

bull Wood fibre obtained from ecologically controlled wood

bull Use of paper certified with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) in the support documentation

and publications available at the exhibition

Electricity Consumption

This screen displays in real time the electricity consumption of all the exposition installations

with the exception of the air conditioning

It also indicates the estimated savings resulting from the use of the efficient lighting via LEDrsquos

in all the exhibits as well as the CO2 emissions that have not been generated

The equivalence between electricity consumption and CO2 generated is the following

0279 kg of CO2 per 1 kWh consumed

LED light performance comparison

bull 7 times superior to fluorescent tubes

500 W 70 W = 714

bull 18 times superior to the incandescent bulb

1250 W 70 W = 178

3

Electricity the force of nature tamed

1

3

2

End Start

1

2

3

A responsable exhibition

Experiment table

Transmission experiments

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

4

Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the

experiments you can carry out in this area

Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy

Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts

perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us

Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible

Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile

We can transform it into light sound movementhellip

And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed

We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently

this will please the planet andhellip your pocket

5

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

13

I

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II

II

II

III

I

I I I I I I I

I

I

III

I I I I I I

I

II

IIIIIII

II

II

IIIIII

III

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

IIII

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I I I I I III

II

III

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I II

II

II

II

I

III

I

I I

I I I

IIII

IIIIIIIII

I II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

I

IIIIIIIII

I

I

II I

II

II

II

I

I

I

II

II

II

II

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II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

III

II

I

II

II

IIIIIII

I I I I I I

I

I I

II

I

I

II

I

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II

II

I

II

I

I

II

II

II

II

IIIIIIIIIIII

I

III

II

I

I

II

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

II

II I I I

I

I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIII

II

II

II

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

II

II

II

II

I

I I

II

I

II I I I I

I

II

I I

II

III

I I I II I I I I I I I I

III

II

I

I I I I I I I I

II

I

III

I

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIIII

I

III

II I I I I I I

II

II

I

II

III

I I II

II

IIII

I

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II

I

III

II I

I I

II

IIIIIIII

II

II

I

I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

I

I

II

IIIIII

IIIIIII

IIII

III I

I

I

II

I

II

II

I

II

IIIIIIII

I

I

I

I I I I II

I

I I IIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

IIIIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

I

II I

I I I I

III

I

I I

I

III

III

IIII I

I

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II

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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II I I I I

I III

I

I I I I III

II

II

II

I II IIIII

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II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II I I

I

I I I

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I I I I I I

III

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

III

II

III

II

I

III

I I I

II

II

I

II

II III

IIII

IIII

I II I

IIIIIIII

I I I I I I I II

II

II

IIIIIII

II

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I I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

II

II

II

II

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II

II

II

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II

II

(400 kV)

II I

II

I

II

I

I I I

II

ET

ET

II

I I

II

II

II

II

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II

II

I

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IIIIII

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II

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IIIIIIIIII IIIII

I I

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IIIII

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I I I I I I I I I

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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IIIIII

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I I I

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II

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I I I I

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II I

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I I I I I I I I I I I

II

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II

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IIIIIIII

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I I I I I I II I

II

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II I I I I I I I I I I I I I

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II

II

IIIII

II

IIIII I

II

II

II

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IIII

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II

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I

I I I

I

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IIIII

I

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II

IIIIII I

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IIIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIII

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I

II

I

II

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I

I I I I I I

I

I

I I I IIIII

I

Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 5: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Electricity the force of nature tamed

1

3

2

End Start

1

2

3

A responsable exhibition

Experiment table

Transmission experiments

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

4

Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the

experiments you can carry out in this area

Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy

Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts

perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us

Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible

Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile

We can transform it into light sound movementhellip

And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed

We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently

this will please the planet andhellip your pocket

5

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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(400 kV)

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

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II

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I

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I

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I I I I I

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II

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I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

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Plasencia

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I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 6: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Electricity has a thousand faces Relate these statements to the

experiments you can carry out in this area

Electricity allows the incorporation of renewable energy

Lightning is an electrical discharge of millions of volts

perhaps that is why it has always fascinated us

Electricity cannot be storedhellip but the transmission of electricity is possible

Of all the energies electricity is the most versatile

We can transform it into light sound movementhellip

And therefore every second of every day of every year electricity is consumed

We all can and should use this energy responsibly efficiently and intelligently

this will please the planet andhellip your pocket

5

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

13

I

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I I I I I I I I I I I

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I I I

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I I I I I I I

I I I

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I I I I I

I

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I I I I I I I I I III

I I

I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

IIIIIII

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

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I I I

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I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

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II

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I

II

II

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IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 7: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

The thousand and one faces of electricity in ten experiments

What is electricity How can it be transformed into light heat or

movement Why does a cable carry it to your home

Experiment observe reflect and check at leisure just how versatile

electrons are At the end you can resolve any doubts you may have

or obtain more information by using the touch screen situated next to

this section

01 Electricity transformed into light

As with an aurora or northern lights in this sphere a high voltage or potential difference

is transformed into light

Electricity excites the appearance of photons as it moves the electrons of the atoms

of the gases contained in the sphere to more energetic orbits and when they leave

them they emit light

The process is extremely efficient and the sphere hardly gets warm

Gently touch to alter the electric field and observe the results

02 What is electricity

Lightning was the first electricity phenomenon known to man It consisted

of an electrical discharge between the atmosphere and the earth

Buthellip what is electricity Electricity is the movement of electrons within a conductor

originated as a result of an excess or a lack of electrons at some point within the circuit

Here you can see how air acts as a conductor by which electricity is able to travel

uncontrollably jumping from one pole to another

Push the button observe listen andhellipsmell the ozone

03 High voltage or high electric current

The same quantity of electrical energy that is to say the same electric power may

produce extremely different effects depending whether you increase its voltage

or its current

These two circuits transmit and release one watt of power but in one case the voltage

is of tens of thousands of volts and its electric current is of only just a few millionths

of ampere (able to produce a discharge) in the other circuit the voltage is just a few

volts and the current of almost one ampere (able to light a filament the wolfram

filament)

Therefore high voltage is used to facilitate the transmission of electricity and in order

to facilitate its practical usage high current is used

Push the button and activate the circuits

6

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II

II

I

II

I

I

II

II

II

II

IIIIIIIIIIII

I

III

II

I

I

II

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

II

II I I I

I

I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

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II

II

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I

II

II

II

II

II

II

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IIIIIIIII

II

II

II

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II

I

I I

I I I I

II

II

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II

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I I

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II I I I I

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II

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II

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I I I II I I I I I I I I

III

II

I

I I I I I I I I

II

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III

I

II

II

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IIIIIIIIII

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III

II I I I I I I

II

II

I

II

III

I I II

II

IIII

I

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II

I

III

II I

I I

II

IIIIIIII

II

II

I

I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

I

I

II

IIIIII

IIIIIII

IIII

III I

I

I

II

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II

II

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II

IIIIIIII

I

I

I

I I I I II

I

I I IIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

IIIIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

I

II I

I I I I

III

I

I I

I

III

III

IIII I

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II I I I I

I III

I

I I I I III

II

II

II

I II IIIII

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II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II I I

I

I I I

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I I I I I I

III

II

I I II

II

II

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II

III

II

III

II

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III

I I I

II

II

I

II

II III

IIII

IIII

I II I

IIIIIIII

I I I I I I I II

II

II

IIIIIII

II

II

I I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

II

II

II

II

I I

II

II

II

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II

II

II

(400 kV)

II I

II

I

II

I

I I I

II

ET

ET

II

I I

II

II

II

II

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II

II

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IIIIIIIIII IIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII

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IIIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I

II

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II

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IIIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIII

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II

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II

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I

I I I I I I

I

I

I I I IIIII

I

Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 8: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

04 Producing ldquocoldrdquo electrically

With the invention of semiconductors electricity underwent a revolution and

a multitude of new applications appeared an example of which is shown here

Combining two semiconductors can directly transform the movement of electrons into

a temperature difference This is a method of refrigeration which does not require either

compressors or mechanical elements

Push the button to power the device and touch the metallic surface

05 Electricity and magnetism two sides of the same coin

An electrical fluid has two fields associated to it one magnetic and one electrical

The majority of the applications of electricity are derived from these fields

In the plasma sphere you saw previously you changed the electric field

Here with this device a magnetic field is demonstrated using a compass

Push the button and observe

06 Electricity transformed into movement

An electric motor is no more than a conductor moving away from a magnetic field

produced by an electric current transforming itself into mechanical movement In more

powerful commercial motors it is a large electromagnet which rotates inside another

one

This is one of the main applications of magnetic fields associated to electron flows

Push the button and observe

07 Motor or generator

Spinning a magnet in the inside a copper winding (coil) generates electricity With the

electricity we have generated we can make another identical magnet turn inside another

copper winding (coil) The process is completely reversible magnetism creates electricity

and electricity creates magnetism

Make one of the disks spin in order to generate electricity and observe what happens to

the other disk After that make the other disk spin What happens

08 How to generate electricity with our own hands

All living beings laquohave electricityraquo in their body it activates muscles and stimulates

neurons

Now experiment with your own hands

Being slightly acidic they affect one metal more than another one and so some electrons

are freed causing a certain electrical potential difference and generating an electrical

flow just like in a battery

Place your hands on the plates and observe

09 Chemical reactions start the electrons moving

The chemical reactions consist of the combination of different atoms by means

of electrons from their electron clouds

An electrical battery (or fuel cell) is nothing more than a device which is designed to take

advantage of these electrons

Push the button

7

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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(400 kV)

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

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I I I

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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

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II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

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I I

I I

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III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 9: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

10 Which do you prefer light or heat

A light bulb has just one function to produce light

If it produces heat then it is not correctly fulfilling its function as energy is being

dissipated which warms up the atmosphere and is not producing light That is to say

it is inefficient

We must choose the most efficient ones

Place your hands over the boxes and check which of these light bulbs

is the most efficient

Transmission experiments

To break an arc

In the world of electricity breaking an arc means cutting an arc discharge Electricity is

capable of arcing across air by 1cm for each 1000 volts The control of this process is of

maximum importance if not how could switches be produced for high voltage

Push the button and check how the discharge only stops when

the separation between the electrodes is very large

Tesla Faraday Edison

Faraday undoubtedly initiated experimentation in the field of electricity

He was followed by no less notable scientists the demonstration and completion of

modern methods of electricity transmission were due to Tesla in the development of

which he competed with the most important inventor of all time Edison who solved the

technical problems of a multitude of electrical appliances

The incandescent light bulb which until recently had not been improved upon is

undoubtedly the most well known of these

Better or worse conductors

Why are almost all electrical conductors copper a heavy metal soft ductile and very

valuable The answer is in its electrical conductivity only surpassed by that of silver

If we were to use iron we would lose a lot of energy There is only one alternative to

copper aluminum It has less conductivity but as it weighs less filaments can be made

a little thicker without putting the supports under pressure from an excessive weight

Push the button and check how the bulbs shine with different intensities according to

the resistance in the conducting filament as the electricity passes

8

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

13

I

I

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III

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I

I I II

I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

I I I I I I I

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIII

I

I III

I I I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II

II

I

I I

IIIIIIIIIII

I

II

II

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II

II

I

I

II I

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I I I I I I

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I I I

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II

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I I I I

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II

II

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II

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II

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I

I I I I I I I

I

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I I I I I I

I

II

IIIIIII

II

II

IIIIII

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II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I II

II

II

II

II

II

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II

II

II

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II

II

II

IIII

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I I I I I III

II

III

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I II

II

II

II

I

III

I

I I

I I I

IIII

IIIIIIIII

I II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

I

IIIIIIIII

I

I

II I

II

II

II

I

I

I

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II

II

II

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II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

III

II

I

II

II

IIIIIII

I I I I I I

I

I I

II

I

I

II

I

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II

II

I

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I

I

II

II

II

II

IIIIIIIIIIII

I

III

II

I

I

II

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

II

II I I I

I

I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIII

II

II

II

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

II

II

II

II

I

I I

II

I

II I I I I

I

II

I I

II

III

I I I II I I I I I I I I

III

II

I

I I I I I I I I

II

I

III

I

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIIII

I

III

II I I I I I I

II

II

I

II

III

I I II

II

IIII

I

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II

I

III

II I

I I

II

IIIIIIII

II

II

I

I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

I

I

II

IIIIII

IIIIIII

IIII

III I

I

I

II

I

II

II

I

II

IIIIIIII

I

I

I

I I I I II

I

I I IIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

IIIIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

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II I

I I I I

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I

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I

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IIII I

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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I I I I III

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II

II

I II IIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II I I

I

I I I

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I I I I I I

III

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

III

II

III

II

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III

I I I

II

II

I

II

II III

IIII

IIII

I II I

IIIIIIII

I I I I I I I II

II

II

IIIIIII

II

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I I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

II

II

II

II

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II

II

II

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II

II

II

(400 kV)

II I

II

I

II

I

I I I

II

ET

ET

II

I I

II

II

II

II

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II

II

I

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IIIIII

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IIIIIIIIII IIIII

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IIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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IIIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I

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IIIIIIII

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I I I I I I II I

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II

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I

II

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I

I I I I I I

I

I

I I I IIIII

I

Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 10: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Where does electricity come from

In nature four fundamental forces exist weak and strong interactions

gravitational attraction and electromagnetic force

Humans have only been able to completely conquer this last one

converting it into a ldquofluidrdquo electricity whose transmission is possible

to almost any site to be used in an infinite number of applications that

today are considered essential in our life

Which energies do we consume most of

Electricity currently covers 229 of our total energy needs and is the main source of energy

in Spanish homes industries and services

Dependency on petroleum products whose natural reserves are limited and whose

consumption has a direct impact on the environment is principally due to the energy destined

for transport

Final energy consumption

Renewable energies 71

Coal gas 03

Coal 12

Petroleum products

511

Gas 174 Electricity 229

Which technologies produce electricity in Spain

Electricity is a secondary energy produced as a result of the transformation of primary sources

These in turn may be renewable or fossil

Electricity generating wind farms in Spain have evolved a lot in recent years with the incorporation

of new combined cycle technologies and the progressive increase in renewable energies especially

wind power

9

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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(400 kV)

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

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I I I

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I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

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I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

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I I

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IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 11: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Electricity generation

Combined cycle Renewable thermal 2

10 Solar 5

Nuclear 21

Wind power generation 21

Cogeneration and others 12 Hydroelectric 14

Coal 15

Renewable energies

42

Electricity a growing necessity

At each moment our society demands electricity to produce goods in factories to carry out

business company and service activities and also to keep life in our homes going

Graph of the evolution of the electrical energy demand in Spain (TWh)

1TWh= 1 billion KWh

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 20062003

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2009 2011 2012 2013

The increasing weight of electricity

electricity divided by final energy consumed

30

20

10

0

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1988 2003 2008 2013

10

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

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I

II

I I

II

III

I I I II I I I I I I I I

III

II

I

I I I I I I I I

II

I

III

I

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIIII

I

III

II I I I I I I

II

II

I

II

III

I I II

II

IIII

I

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II

I

III

II I

I I

II

IIIIIIII

II

II

I

I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

I

I

II

IIIIII

IIIIIII

IIII

III I

I

I

II

I

II

II

I

II

IIIIIIII

I

I

I

I I I I II

I

I I IIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

IIIIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

I

II I

I I I I

III

I

I I

I

III

III

IIII I

I

I

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II I I I I

I III

I

I I I I III

II

II

II

I II IIIII

II

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II I I

I

I I I

I I

I I I I I I

III

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

III

II

III

II

I

III

I I I

II

II

I

II

II III

IIII

IIII

I II I

IIIIIIII

I I I I I I I II

II

II

IIIIIII

II

II

I I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

II

II

II

II

I I

II

II

II

I

II

II

II

(400 kV)

II I

II

I

II

I

I I I

II

ET

ET

II

I I

II

II

II

II

I

II

II

I

II

II

I

IIIIII

I I I I

II

II

II

II

IIIIIIIIII IIIII

I I

I

II

I

II

I II

IIII

II

II

II

IIIII

II

IIIIII

II

IIII

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

II

IIIIIIIIII

IIII

III

I I

I I I I I I II

II

II

II

II

II

II

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I I I I I I

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III

I

I

I

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I

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III

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

III

IIII

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III

III

I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II IIII

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

I

IIIIII

IIII

I

I I I

I

I

II

II

II

I

I II I II I I

I I II

I I I I

I I IIII

II I

IIII

III

I

I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

II

I

I III

IIIIIIII

I

I

I

I

I

I I I I

I

I

II

I

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II

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I I I I I I II I

II

II

II

III

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

II

II

IIIII

II

IIIII I

II

II

II

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IIII

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II

II

II I I I

I

I I I

I

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I

IIIII

I

III

II

IIIIII I

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II

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II

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IIIIIIIIIIII

IIIIIIII

I

I

II

I

II

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I

I I I I I I

I

I

I I I IIIII

I

Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 12: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

bull Spain counts on electricity generating facilities that work 24 hours a day 365 days a year

bull Spain is the worldrsquos second largest producer of electricity from renewable sources

bull Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea is a pioneer regarding the integration of renewable energies

bull In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit CO2

Solar Peninsular Total

Wind power Peninsular Total

Wind and solar farms are

shown grouped by autonomous

community according to their

geographical dispersion Data

regarding installed capacity as on

1 January 2014

Where electricity is produced

Coal coal fired thermal power stations use heat produced from burning this mineral and

transform it into electricity This process is one of the most contaminating that exist

Nuclear nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel (uranium) to produce electricity This

technology produces radioactive waste but does not emit pollutants which is why the

debate regarding potential pollution is based on waste management and not on the

electricity generation process

Fuel and Gas these power stations use diesel and natural gas as a fuel source

Natural gas combined cycle in this type of power station the fuel source used is natural

gas which has very low carbon content It combines a gas turbine with another of steam

thus obtaining a better performance than conventional gas power stations

Hydroelectric the generation of energy in hydroelectric power stations is based on taking

advantage of water stored in dams

Wind power generation wind power stations are fed by wind which is converted into

electricity

Solar there are two types thermosolar which uses the sunrsquos energy to heat a liquid which

is then used to produce electrical energy and photovoltaic which directly transforms the

sunrsquos energy into electricity through the use of solar cells

11

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

13

I

I

I

I

II

II

II

I II

II

II

II

II I

I

I

I I I I

II

II

I

IIII

III

II

I

II

II

III

I

III

IIIII

IIIIIII

II

I

I

I

IIII

II

IIII

I I I I

II

II

II

I

IIIII

II

III

I

II

I I

II

II

IIII

II

IIIII

II

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

I

IIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I I I

I

I I I

II

III

II

I

I I I I I I I

I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I I I I I

I

II

II

II

I

IIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

I II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I III

I I

I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

I

IIIIIII

I

I

I

IIII

I

II

I

I

I

I

II

II

II

II

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

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I I I

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I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

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Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 13: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

An electricity highway behind the wall socket From the power station

10 9

7 to your home

11 6

5 12

8 4

15 13 14

End Start

4 Where does electricity come from

5 Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

6 Interactive Meshed grid model

7 Electricity transmission

8 Electricity system model

9 Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

10 The integration of renewables

11 Electrical equipment

12 Electricity management

13 Protecting biodiversity

14 Connect and respect

15 Bird saving devices

Transmission and management The transmission of electricity is a

constant challenge which implies new technologies control centres

environmental values state-of-the-art materials etc All so that

electricity reaches us when and where consumers need it and always

whilst constantly maintaining the balance between generation and

consumption

12

13

I

I

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(400 kV)

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Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

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I

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II

I

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Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

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II

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I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

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Plasencia

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IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

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17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 14: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

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II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

IIII

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I I I I I III

II

III

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I II

II

II

II

I

III

I

I I

I I I

IIII

IIIIIIIII

I II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

I

IIIIIIIII

I

I

II I

II

II

II

I

I

I

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II

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II

I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

III

II

I

II

II

IIIIIII

I I I I I I

I

I I

II

I

I

II

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

II

II

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I

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I

I

II

II

II

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IIIIIIIIIIII

I

III

II

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I

II

II

I I II

II

II

II

II

II

II I I I

I

I I I

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

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II

II

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I

I

II

II

II

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIII

II

II

II

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

II

II

II

II

I

I I

II

I

II I I I I

I

II

I I

II

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I I I II I I I I I I I I

III

II

I

I I I I I I I I

II

I

III

I

II

II

II

I

IIIIIIIIII

I

III

II I I I I I I

II

II

I

II

III

I I II

II

IIII

I

II

II

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II

I

III

II I

I I

II

IIIIIIII

II

II

I

I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

I

I

II

IIIIII

IIIIIII

IIII

III I

I

I

II

I

II

II

I

II

IIIIIIII

I

I

I

I I I I II

I

I I IIIIIII

II

I

IIIIIII

II

II

II

II

IIIIII

II

I

II

II

II

II

II

I

I

II

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II I

I I I I

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IIII I

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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I I I I III

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I II IIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

II I I

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I I I

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I I I I I I

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I I II

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IIII

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IIIIIIII

I I I I I I I II

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IIIIIII

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I I I I I I I I I I I

II I I I I I

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II

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(400 kV)

II I

II

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ET

ET

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I I I IIIII

I

Electricity transmission

Electrical energy transmission grid

Lines

In service

Under construction and programmed

Underground submarine cables Under

construction and planned

122

122

In service

112

112

Facilities in service on 1 January 2014 and under construction or programmed

Circuits Voltages

Predicted Installed

400 kV220 kV

132divide110 kV66 kV

lt 66 kV

Forecasted to be transformed to a higher voltage

In service Under construction or programmed

Substations

Power stations

HydroelectricClassic thermalNuclear thermal Combined cycleWind power generation

Canary Islands Electricity System

Balearic Islands Electricity System

The Spanish Peninsula Electricity System

Red Eleacutectrica is owner

of the high voltage

electricity transmission

grid In its role

as transmission agent

and grid manager it has

the responsibility to

develop increase and

maintain this grid

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 15: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

0

A high voltage grid

The quantity of energy which an electricity line carries at any given moment electric power is

dependent upon the current multiplied by voltage

In the transmission of electrical energy a part transforms into heat and dissipates Heat is

produced by the electric current resulting from the resistance of the conductive cable therefore

the lower the current and the greater the voltage more energy is transported with lower losses

Therefore in Red Eleacutectrica we increase the voltage which leaves the generating power stations to

the maximum of our electricity lines 400000 volts Then it is reduced to be able to use it and in

this way by successively transforming it it reaches our homes at 380220 volts

The transmission lines are used to carry large quantities of electricity over long distances at 220

and 400 kilovolts on the peninsula and more than 66 kilovolts on the islands where higher voltages

are not necessary as distances are shorter Later via the distribution grid it reaches the end-users

at lower voltages

Why alternating current

Direct current once generated cannot be transformed easily (to change voltage) Therefore the

transmission of electrical energy is performed using alternating current as it does not encounter

this problem

The transmission of alternating current is via sine waves The magnitude and direction of the

waves vary cyclically and so a stable and regular transmission is obtained

a

10

05

-05

-10

120ordm

90ordm 180ordm 270ordm 360ordm

Diagram which illustrates

the displacement of the

alternating current sine

waves a

14

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 16: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

15

The substations connection and transformation

The substations are distributed throughout the transmission grid Their principal function

is to interconnect various electricity lines in order to achieve a meshed grid and to transform

the voltage at which electrical energy circulates

Additionally in the substations information is collated relating to the functioning of equipment

and elements of the transmission grid (switchgear switches transformers protection devices

etc) This information is sent continually to the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) from where

the electricity system is operated and managed

Three-phase alternating current and high voltage circuits

The transmission of electricity takes place in three-phase alternating current which consists

of three single-phase alternating currents of equal frequency and amplitude The phase

displacement between them is balanced

Each high voltage electrical circuit is made up of three phases which in turn are composed

of a steel nucleus which gives mechanical resistance and are covered by aluminum outside

a material which is a good conductor of electricity

Similarly the transmission towers possess a grounding cable whose purpose is to protect the

transmission system from atmospheric discharges as they are regularly connected to grounding

wells

Cross-sectional view of cable conductors

Steel Aluminium

Circuit

Grounding cable

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 17: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

High voltage transmission experiment

Press the buttons to progressively increase the consumption of the two circuits Each one of them

transports the same amount of electricity but one does it at a higher voltage than the other

In the case of the circuit with a lower voltage observe how the luminosity of some lightbulbs is

reduced owing to the increase in temperature of the conductor

On the screen you can see the image of the cables captured by a thermographic camera notice the

difference in the temperature of the conductors in each circuit Observe how the transmission of

electricity is more efficient when the voltage is higher

This is of vital importance for the transmission of large amounts of electricity over long distances

In high voltage transmission increasing the voltage reduces intensity which permits to transport

the same power with lesser losses that result when the temperature of the conductor increases

16

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 18: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

V

I

I

II

I

II

I

II

I I

II

I

I

Vald

A meshed transmission grid

The transmission grid crosses the entire territory

Electricity needs a transmission system in order to reach the points of consumption This

transmission is performed by means of an extensive meshed grid of electricity lines of different

voltages which connect the production centres with the points of consumption distributed

throughout the territory

International interconnections

Detail of the transmission grid

CAacuteCERES

III

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIII I I I I

I

I

II

I I I

III I

I

I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I

I I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

II

II

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I I I I I I I I Valdecantildeas

Casatejada AlmarazTorrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Trujillo

Plasencia

eres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Guadame

Valdecaballeros

Morata

J M de Oriol

San Servaacuten Meacuterida

Bienvenida

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Torrijos-Villaverde Talavera-Majadahonda

Morata Villaviciosa

J M de Oriol meshing within the Almaraz area

The Spanish electricity system is interconnected with the Portuguese system (forming the Iberian

electricity system) the European system via the border with France and North Africa via the Strait

of Gibraltar

The fibre optic network

Red Eleacutectrica has a fibre optic network that is housed in the grounding cable of the high voltage

lines

This network the second most important in Spain is comprised of more than 23000 km of fibre

optic cable and is used for the transmission of information to the control centres regarding the

operation of the equipment and systems which make up the transmission grid and for the remote

control of grid elements

Operators in the Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel)

where operations are carried out on the system in

real time

17

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 19: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

What does a meshed grid consist of

The electricity transmission grid has more than 42000km of high voltage lines and around 600

substations which are interconnected via various electricity lines so as to achieve a meshed grid

be it directly if they are of the same voltage or via transformers if they have different voltages

This meshed grid allows electricity to flow via alternative routes in the case of an incident being

produced at any particular point in the grid in this way guaranteeing the continuity of the

electricity supply

Check for yourself by pressing the buttons on the model installed on the

table you will see how the grid is being challenged and the meshed grid is

being reinforced

Interactive meshed grid model

The topology of a grid that is to say its mathematical and geometric properties establishes the

connections that exist between the different elements of which it consists

Check for yourselves the options and limitations of each of these models

(The following list corresponds to each of the buttons you will find on the table

listed from top to bottom)

bullbull This model is clearly insufficient as a failure in generation or transmission annuls the supply

to the points of consumption

bullbull This model offers more possibilities if a power generation point or a transmission line fails

an alternative exists

bullbull The creation of intermediate nodes (connecting substations) increases the number of possible

routes the reason why the probability of failures in the supply is reduced

bullbull A meshed grid covers the system more effectively it offers the greatest number of routes

whilst diminishing the effect of any incident

Selecting routes which respect the environment

All of the projects of Red Eleacutectrica are subjected to an environmental assessment evaluation and

they are designed taking into account locations and routes which have the lowest possible impact

on the natural surroundings and society

In addition whilst carrying out these projects a series of preventive and corrective measures are

adopted with the aim of reducing environmental effects and the necessary actions are applied for

the conservation of ecosystems and native species

In addition Red Eleacutectrica actively collaborates on projects for the conservation

of biodiversity

18

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 20: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

The challenge of balancing generation and consumption 24 hours a day 365 days a year

The electricity balance

The electricity supply process requires a constant balance between production and consumption

as energy cannot be stored in large quantities and for that reason has to be generated at the

exact moment it is needed

Production power stations Consumers

Operating the system in real time Red Eleacutectrica as operator of the system anticipates

the amount of energy that is going to be necessary throughout the day in our country

In this process it must manage an enormous amount of data taking into consideration not only

meteorological forecasts as well as national and local holidays but also the more significant events

that may take place With this forecast the power stations prepare their hourly production

programmes to cover that demand

Afterwards Red Eleacutectrica through its Electricity Control Centre is responsible for maintaining

the instantaneous balance between the programmed production and the demanded consumption

And depending on how the consumption varies it sends the relevant orders to the power

stations so that they may adjust their production increasing or reducing energy generation

The ldquoControlardquo game Do you dare manage the electricity system This interactive game enables

you to be an operator in the Electricity Control Center (Cecoel) Your mission consists of ensuring

that the electricity system works correctly so that we all have the electricity we need

no matter what happens

Play on-line on our website httpwwwreeeseneducaree

19

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 21: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

The electricity system brain

The Electricity Control Centre (Cecoel) is the brain which manages and controls the whole

electricity system monitoring almost 50000 measurements every 4 seconds so that electricity

reaches our homes in the precise moment in which we need it 24 hours a day every day of the

year

The management and remote operation of the grid A screen 8 metres wide and 3 metres high

offers essential data for the operation of the electricity system which reaches the brain centre

of the grid via 23000 kilometres of fibre optic cable By remote control the operators are able to

vary the routes taken by the electrical energy opening and closing lines and operating the various

grid elements with the aim of guaranteeing the continuity and security of the electricity supply

Cecoel in 360ordm Use the interactive screen to pay a virtual visit to the Electricity Control Centre

(Cecoel) and move around the space thanks to the panoramic 360ordm

New challenges of system operation

Intelligent networks flexible consumers the electric car or energy storage (greater capacity of

pumped storage in hydroelectric power stations) are some of the challenges which the operator of

the system faces from the point of view of demand management

The initiatives destined to obtain a more efficient consumption and a greater flexibility of the

demand are fundamental to optimize our generation capacity and to flatten the profile of the

demand curve transferring consumption during peak hours to valley hours This will result in a

greater integration of renewable energies and in a more efficient management of the electricity

system

20

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 22: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

21

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 hours

Valley hours

Peak hoursFlexible generation

Consumption curves live The graphs of the energy demand in real time display every 10 minutes

data of anticipated demand programmed generation in the power stations to cover that demand

and the final consumption In addition they include the details regarding different production

technologies and CO2 emissions derived from electricity generation

The journey of electricity from the power station to the wall socket

From its point of origin to its point of consumption electricity passes through three essential

stages its generation in the power stations its transmission through the national grid and its

distribution to the end-users The voltage of the electricity is adapted to each section of the route

so that transmission can take place under the highest possible conditions of security and with the

minimum of energy losses

Kilometres of high voltage The transmission of electrical energy by Red Eleacutectrica is done via

the high voltage cables distributed throughout the national territory This extensive and meshed

transmission grid connects production power stations with the end-user distribution points

The journey of electricity step by step Discover all the elements that participate in the

electrical journey from the power station to the wall socket Use the touch screen to navigate this

interactive consultation programme

Demand management strategies for a sustainable use of energy

Reduce consumption in peak hours

bull Intelligent networks

bull International interconnections

bull Flexible consumers

Displacing consumption to valley hours

bull The electric car

bull Hydroelectric power stations pumped storage

bull The integration of renewable energies

bull International interconnections

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 23: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Pioneers in the integration of renewables Renewable energies contribute towards reducing the effects of climatic change

Nature helps us

The only way to use the natural energy coming from the sun water or the wind in large amounts

is by transforming it into electricity

The global concern regarding climate change is favoring the development of these

renewable energies which have unlimited resources and whose transformation into electricity

does not emit CO2

Spain is a world reference regarding the integration of renewable energies

Evolution of renewable energies

GWh

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

280

353

325 319

424

80000

100000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Renewable energy Renewable contribution to demand coverage

22

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 24: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Safe integration the key

Nature is a clean and inexhaustible energy source but in addition it is inconsistent and

unpredictable Can we know exactly when the sun will shine when there will be sufficient rain or

when the wind will blow

In order to take maximum advantage of these resources when they are produced and to integrate

their energy into the electricity system under secure conditions Red Eleacutectrica develops electricity

infrastructures that allow the evacuation of available clean energy and has started CECRE their

world pioneering Control Centre of Renewable Energies

The integration of renewable energies into the electricity system allows us to construct an

efficient clean and sustainable energy model

All the information available instantly

Every 12 seconds Cecre monitors the renewable energy produced throughout Spain

From this centre associated to the Electricity Control Centre (CECOEL) the generation of

renewable energies installed in Spain is managed and controlled

With this renewable energies management tool Spain has converted itself into the first country in

the world with wind power generation farms of greater than 10MW connected to a control centre

Same supply lower emissions

Thanks to Cecre renewable energy mainly wind power can be safely integrated into the electricity

system

In this way the supply is guaranteed and emissions are reduced as the other power stations

which create more pollution can reduce their production while there is clean energy available

In 2013 63 of the energy demand has been covered with technologies that do not emit

CO2

23

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 25: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Red Eleacutectrica in Extremadura

Electricity transmission infrastructures in Extremadura

Falagueira

Guadame Brazatortas

Guillena Carmona

Torrijos-Villaverde

Villaviciosa

Morata

Morata

Guadame

Talavera-Majadahonda

CAacuteCERES

BADAJOZ

III

I I I I

I I

I

II

I

II

IIIIIIIIII

I

I

II

II

I

I I

I I I I

III I

I

I I I I I I I I I III I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I

III

II

IIIIIIIIIIIII

I I I I I

I I I

I I I I

II

I I

II

I I

I I

I

IIII I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II

I

II

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I I I

Plasencia

I I I I I I I I

IIII

II I I I I

I

I I

I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

III

I I I I I

II

I I

I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I

I I I I I I I I I I

IIIIIIIII Alqueva

Alcaacuteccedilovas Badajoz

Valdecantildeas

Torrejoacuten

Gabriel y Galaacuten

Guijo de Granadilla

Meacuterida

Casatejada Almaraz

Alvarado Vaguadas

Trujillo

Caacuteceres

CN Almaraz

Arantildeuelo

Valdecaballeros

JM de Oriol Cedillo

BalboaSider Balboa

Brovales

Bienvenida

San Servaacuten

Hinojosa-Aldeadaacutevila II

Guillena

Electric energy production in Extremadura

Biomass 607

Solar thermal 011

Electric power 2343

Petroleum products 5789

Gas 125

24

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 26: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Electricity system model This interactive model

reproduces the way in which

Hydroelectric power station

Wind power generation

Photovoltaic power station

Thermal power station

Distribution substation reduces voltage

Industrial consumption

Residential consumption (cities homes)

Services consumption (cities roads High Speed Train)

High voltage towers (transmission)

Mediumlow voltage towers (distribution)

Transmission substation increases voltage

an electricity system functions

When we switch on the lights or plug in an electrical appliance a sophisticated system is set in

motion which begins in the production power stations where electricity is generated

Later this energy is transformed into high voltage transported through a network of electrical

infrastructures which Red Eleacutectrica manages to the distribution centres

And from there transformed again to the necessary voltage level for each type of consumption

(domestic industrial or services) it is distributed by means of the medium and low voltage

distribution grid to the end-users

25

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 27: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Connect and respect This game based on the latest interactive platform (ldquoreact-tablerdquo) teaches you how the transmission

of electricity doesnrsquot just depends on the technical aspect but it also obeys environmental criteria

26

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 28: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Bird saving devices

Resiting of nests installing bird saving spirals nesting baskets and platforms for birdlife safety

increasing tower height to avoid protected areas environmental restorationhellip Red Eleacutectrica

actively works on the protection of ecosystems and indigenous species As you will see on screen

these are only some of the actions we carry out in accordance with our commitments towards

sustainability and the environment

71

30

m

Bird saving spirals

More than 2330 km of lines marked with bird flight diverters

27

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 29: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

From your side of the wall sockethellip responsible consumption

16 The electric vehicle

17

18

19

At your homehellip

How do you consume electricity

Interactive ldquoQuestions with answersrdquo

18

19

17

21

20 Photo booth

Find out more

20 21 16 22 DIDACTIC WORKSHOP

End Start

23 PROJECTION ROOM

22

Electricity is generated and its transmission to

the end-user is in the exact amount at the exact

moment in which it is used In fact the entire

electricity system is designed and managed with

theneeds of the consumers in mind The way in

which each consumer makes use of this energy

has a direct influence on the system as a whole

23

We all share the challenges of energy efficiency the fight against

climate change respect for the environment and the protection of

biodiversity Technological advances and strategies for a more efficient

use of energy offer us opportunities that we must not fail to take

advantage of and which need an active and responsible attitude from

citizens

In this area you can discover many good ideas for a responsible

consumptionhellip and you will help the planet

28

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 30: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

The electric vehicle challenges and opportunities

Electrical mobility as new form of transport represents an excellent

tool for energy efficiency and environmental improvement

Opportunities

bullbullImprovement in air quality the reduction in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gasses

bullbullImproved efficiency of the electricity system recharging in the hours of lower consumption

bullbullImproved advantage taken of renewable energies and electricity networks overnight

recharging

bullbullReduction in our energy dependency reduced petroleum imports

bullbullNoise reduction in the cities

Challenges

bullbullManagement of the new demand recharging batteries in valley hours

bullbullTaking advantage of the storage capacity of batteries

bullbullGrid development and intelligent meters

bullbullInstallation of recharging points

29

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 31: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Serving society

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea founded on 29 January 1985 became

the first company in the world dedicated exclusively to the

transmission and operation of the electricity system

Key player of the electricity system

Over all these years REErsquos responsibility has been carried out as sole transmission agent and

system operator of the high voltage grid following a clear guideline to contribute to supplying a

secure and efficient electricity system that ensures the highest quality for society as a whole

Red Eleacutectrica data

42000 kilometres of lines

600 substations

1700 employees

(Data January 2014)

A committed and sustainable company

Since its creation Red Eleacutectrica has maintained a firm commitment to quality conservation of the

natural environment and occupational health and safety which has been translated into being

awarded some of the most prestigious certificates and recognitions

30

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 32: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

Published by

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

Pordm Conde de los Gaitanes 177

28109 Alcobendas - Madrid

wwwreees

Edition date

January 2014

English translation by

Wayman English International

wwwwaymanenglishcom

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you

Page 33: A highway behind the wall socket. Electricity from the ... y... · E : Didactic workshop. School groups can carry out different workshops and learning activities, guided by monitors

32

Museo Abierto de Meacuterida

Calle Cabo Verde sn

06800 Meacuterida (Badajoz)

Tel +0034 924 380 194

wwwmeridaes

wwwturismomeridaorg

Guided visits

+0034 955 113 699

reservasencarteproduccionescom

Red Eleacutectrica de Espantildea

educacionreees

wwwreees

This guide is exclusively for your

use in the various sections of this

exhibition Please hand it back at the

exit when you leave so that others

may use it Thank you