a m a monsun: multidisiplinære...

African Monsoon M ltidisciplinar Anal sesAfrican Monsoon Multidisciplinary AnalysesAfrikanske Monsun: Multidisiplinære AnalyserAf ik M M ltidi i li i A lAfrikaanse Moesson Multidisciplinaire Analyse

Analisi Multidisciplinare per il Monsone AfricanoAf ik i h M M ltidi i li ä A lAfrikanischer Monsun: Multidisziplinäre Analysen Analisis Multidiciplinar de los Monzones Africanos

Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson AfricaineAnalyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson Africaine

Chantier Méditerranée Nov 2008

-Les objectifs: défis scientifiques & enjeux humains-L’histoire -L’organisation-Le Bureau de projet-Les schémas d’observations et les BD-Conclusions en perspective du Chantier Méditerranée


III : Sahel Rainfall Index (Last century)

W t i d

III : Sahel Rainfall Index (Last century)

Wet period

Dry period

dex

rain

fall

inSa

hel r

Niger à Malanville: 106 km²


Numerous impacts on human activities

Decrease of flooded plain areasWater resources

Decrease of flooded plain areas(Factor 2 for the interior delta of Niger) Erosion

Ex: 50% decrease of fishery in the interior delta of Niger in 10 years

Fishery

S i Health

Starvation 73-74, 84-85, 90-91, 95-96, 97-98, 00-01, 02-03, 05

Chantier Méditerranée Nov 2008 Agriculture

Stock breeding

The largest regional precipitation deficit observed over the last century

Difference Precip (JAS) between (1967-98) & (1948-66)


A coordinated international program on the West African monsoon (WAM):f WAM i bilit d il t i t l ti l d i t tifocus on WAM variability on daily-to-interannual timescales and interactions society-environment-climate

Precipitating Mesoscale Convective Systems

Same key events for Weather and Climate

Chantier Méditerranée Nov 2008Vapor channel Meteosat

A coordinated international program on the WAM variability & interactions society-environment-climate

(1)(1) To improve our understanding of the WAM & itsTo improve our understanding of the WAM & itsi fl i t i ll & l b lli fl i t i ll & l b llinfluence on environment regionally & globallyinfluence on environment regionally & globally

(2)(2) To provide the underpinning science that relates To provide the underpinning science that relates WAM variability to related societal issues inWAM variability to related societal issues inWAM variability to related societal issues in WAM variability to related societal issues in defining & implementing relevant monitoring & defining & implementing relevant monitoring & prediction strategiesprediction strategies

(3)(3) T th t th h i d t i AMMA iT th t th h i d t i AMMA i(3)(3) To ensure that the research carried out in AMMA is To ensure that the research carried out in AMMA is effectively integrated with prediction & decision effectively integrated with prediction & decision making activitymaking activity

A long term program

2002-2009 community building, field y g,experiments, long term observations & modelling

2010 2015 more integrative work


2010-2015 more integrative work (disciplinaries, knowledge, scales, applications)

-Les objectifs: défis scientifiques & enjeux humains-L’histoire -L’organisation -Le Bureau de projet-Les schémas d’observations et les BD-Conclusions en perspective du Chantier Méditerranée


AMMA building chronology WAMP: a 3-years project on African Monsoon Dynamics funded by ECObservational networks

Meteorological operations AERONET (Aerosols) since 1993

African Monsoon selected by french programmes as a top-priority of 5-year research plan

AERONET (Aerosols) since 1993CATCH (Hydrology) since 1997GLOWA (Hydrology, …) since 1999Gourma Malien (Vegetation) since 1985IDAF (Chemistry) since 1994PIRATA (Ocean Surface) since 1998

White Book on West African Monsoon written by french scientists & calling for an international project

Launch of AMMA in Niamey (Niger), Feb 2002

LOP: Networks enhanced & merged

y ( g ),

Founding of AMMA-Africa & AMMA-FranceSupport from French agencies

Founding of AMMA-UK & support from UK agenciesFounding of AMMA EU & support from EC

First Meeting of ISSC in Geneva, July 2004EOP

Founding of AMMA-EU & support from EC Support from US agencies

First International AMMA Conference in Dakar, Nov 2005

International SOP AMMA Workshop in Toulouse Nov 2006

SOP

International SOP AMMA Workshop in Toulouse, Nov 2006

Second International AMMA Conference in Karlsruhe, Nov 2007


Third International AMMA Conference in Ouagadougou, Jul 2009

~ 500 scientists from 30 countries & ~140 institutions (Africa Europe USA)

AMMA an international programme

(Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Denmark, France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry, Italy, Ivory Coast, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, Togo, UK, USA)

~ 500 scientists from 30 countries & ~140 institutions (Africa, Europe, USA)

Endorsed by major international programmes Collaboration

Founding AgenciesEuropean

Commission

Founding Agencies

African Regional Centres

Main Supporting Agencies


-Les objectifs: défis scientifiques & enjeux humains-L’histoire-L’organisation-Le Bureau de projet-Les schémas d’observations et les BD-Conclusions en perspective Chantier Méditerranée


Coordination AMMACoordination AMMA--InternationalInternational

International International Governing BoardGoverning Board

Gouvernance du projetPrésidence: Météo-France & NERCggMembres EC, IRD, INSU, DoE, NASA, NOAA, WMO, ASECNA, ACMAD-PIREM ...BMBF, UEMOA

International International Scientific SteeringScientific Steering Pilotage du projetScientific Steering Scientific Steering

CommitteeCommitteeg p j

POPOComité

International International Mise en œuvre des

OOComité Exécutif

Coordination & Coordination & Implementation GroupImplementation Group

Mise en œuvre desobservations


ISSCISSC ICIGICIG

2004-2006

ISSCISSC

WG1WG1WAM & global climate (incl aerosol TT1TT1

Obs implementationObs implementation

ICIGICIG

WG2WG2

(& chemistry

Water cycle

POPOTT1TT1Radio soundingsRadio soundings

TT2aTT2aSurface LayerSurface Layer

TT2bTT2b

ST4ST4CapacityCapacity

WG3WG3 Surface-atmosphere feedbacks TT3TT3

Gourma siteGourma site S

TT2bTT2bAerosol & RadiationAerosol & Radiation

Capacity Capacity building building & & trainingtraining

WG4WG4 Prediction of climate impacts

TT4TT4Niamey siteNiamey site

TT5TT5Ouémé siteOuémé site

ST3 D

atab

ST1 L

OggWG5WG5 High impact

weather prediction TT6TT6Oceanic campaignsOceanic campaigns

TT7TT7SOPSOP--Dry seasonDry season

ST2

base

OP

AMMA National &

TT8TT8SOPSOP--Monsoon Monsoon seasonseasonTT9TT9SOPSOP--DownstreamDownstream

incl AO

C

National & PanScientific Committees

Links with International Programmes


C

ARMARMLinks with International Programmes (WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX, ..)

2007-now

ISSCISSC POPO

WG1WG1WAM & global climate (incl aerosol & chemistry

WG_CC1WG_CC1 Climate Modelling

WG2WG2

y

Water cycleLong term observation(incl satellite)WG_CC2WG_CC2

WG3WG3

WG4WG4

Surface-atmosphere feedbacks

I t ti i t

(incl satellite)

Capacity buildingWG CC3WG CC3WG4WG4

WG5WG5

Interactions society-environment-climate

High impact

Capacity building Training

WG_CC3WG_CC3

Links with International Programmes (WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX, ..)

WG5WG5weather prediction

AMMA National & PanScientific Committees


(WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX, ..)

Coordination AMMACoordination AMMA--FranceFrance

CIOMACIOMAAttribution / gestion des moyens

Évaluation / suivi scientifique CIOMACIOMA des moyensscientifique

Bureau de ProjetBureau de ProjetCS APICS APIDT/INSUDT/INSU

IRDIRD

CCMACCMA

A t t ib tiA t t ib tiAutres contributionsAutres contributionsGroupes de Groupes de Travail APITravail API

Autres contributionsAutres contributions(ANR, RIPIECSA, (ANR, RIPIECSA,

GICC, GIS, …)GICC, GIS, …)


API AMMA-France

GTGT 22 11 At hèEtudes de processusEtudes de processusGTGT 22..11 Atmosphère

GTGT 22..22 OcéansOutils et ObservationsOutils et ObservationsS i I té éS i I té é

GTGT 22..44 Aérosols/ Chimie

GTGT 22..33 SICOut s et Obse at o sOut s et Obse at o s

GT 4.1 ModélisationScience IntégréeScience Intégrée

GT 4.2 Observations

GT 4 3 Satellites

GT 1.1GT 1.1 MAO & climat global ISECISEC

GT 4.3 Satellites

GT 4.4 Base de GT 1.2GT 1.2

gCycle de l’eau

GTGT 33..11 Agronomie

GTGT 33..22 Santédonnées

GT 1.3GT 1.3 Rétroactions surface-t hè

GTGT 33..33 Gestion desressources


atmosphère naturelles(adaptation)

-Les objectifs: défis scientifiques & enjeux humains-L’histoire-L’organisation -Le Bureau de projetLes schémas d’observations et les BD-Conclusions en perspective Chantier Méditerranée


Bureau de ProjetBureau de Projet

-Bureau de projet national & international

• Mis en place en 2005 2 ingénieurs (+ Ing management AMMA de la CE)• Mis en place en 2005 2 ingénieurs (+ Ing management AMMA de la CE)

• Renforcement AI 2007-2008

• Renforcement fin 2007: 1 Ing pour les communications internes et• Renforcement fin 2007: 1 Ing pour les communications internes et externes

-Fonction principale de soutien

• Gestion administrative, financière (DT/INSU et IRD) & logistique (Opérations terrains, Conférences (300-400 pers), Ateliers, réunions…)

P t i t f i i• Partenariat africain

• Diffusion de l’information externe et interne (forte sous-évaluation initiale)


Bureau de Projet : la CommunicationBureau de Projet : la Communication

Communication Fév 2002-Sept 2007: tâches réalisées au coup par coup, en urgence, mais avec qq succès en externe (Ex: avec cellules de com g , qq (organismes, voyage journalistes, Film, Interventions docus ARTE, ..)

Communication Sept 2007-Mars 2009: Arrivée CDD dédié Mise en place d’une équipe d’un plan & d’outils de communication AMMAplace d une équipe, d un plan & d outils de communication AMMA (France et International)

• Communication externe: Expositions (France & Afrique), Communiqués de presse internationaux, Conférences de presse internationales, Nombreuses interventions (presse, audio, télévision, conf grand public), Films, Publications institutionnelles, Site grand public, Brochures, …

• Communication interne

• Lettres d’information France et Internationale (Newsletters, Notes d’information pour CIOMA IGB etc; Réalisation & Distribution desd’information pour CIOMA, IGB, etc; Réalisation & Distribution des Proceedings de Conférences (400 à700p), CD Rom, …

• Sites Web France & International, Site biblio AMMA


-Les objectifs: défis scientifiques & enjeux humains-L’histoire-L’organisation -Le Bureau de projet-Les schémas d’observations et les BD-Conclusions en perspective Chantier Méditerranée


Approche pluridisciplinaire

AMMA: Une étude régionale intégréeApproche pluridisciplinaire

Approche multi-échelle

Intégration des disciplines & échelles (domaines emboîtées) par la mise place de méthodes spécifiq es et o tilsméthodes spécifiques et outils

Stratégies de spatialisation (par ex Mesures locales <=> Région)Observations sur des domaines spatio-temporels emboîtés (taille & résolution)M déli ti /A i il ti à t t é h ll


Modélisation/Assimilation à toute échelleSatellites (produits améliorés et évalués aux échelles adéquates)Bases de données

ESPACE (km)

Stratégie d’observations: Emboîtement d’échelles

Long term Observation PeriodSupra-regional(MAO + Océan)

ESPACE (km)

104Catch, Idaf, PhotonLong term Observation Period

Régional

Catch, Idaf, PhotonPirata, ….

EnhancedObs. Period1000

SOP0: Dry phase

Méso

100

SOP1: Monsoon Onset

SOP2: Monsoon Max

SOPs

100SOP3: Late Monsoon, TC1 2 3

00

M Ph

AMMA SOP Year: 2006

Local10

IOPsIOPsIOPsMonsoon Phases 0 1 0

September

AMMA SOPs

OP0

_a1

OP0

_a2

OP2

_a2

OP1

_a

3

October November DecemberJune July August

2

January March April MayFebruary

OP3

_a1

OP2

_a3

OP2

_a1


2002 2005 2006 2007 2008<----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------->

SO SO SOSO

SOP1

<---- SOP Ground instruments remaining on site for the whole annual cycle (AMF, Aerosol Measurements, Lidars, …) ----->

<----------------->

SO

SOP3<------->

SOSO

SOP0 SOP2

LOP/EOP/SOP observation strategyMultiscale approach:

GOURMAGOURMA

GaoGao

Nested periods & domains

NIAMEYNIAMEYNakambéNakambé

IllorinIllorinBamakoBamako

OUEMEOUEME

P kP k

IllorinIllorin

ParakouParakou LOP

2001-2010

Regular operation Regular operation prior to 2005prior to 2005

RadioRadio--Sounding Sounding NetworkNetwork:PHOTONS-Aeronet

:AMMA-CATCH Sites


:IDAF Chemistry network

:PIRATA Buoys

GOURMAGOURMA

GaoGao


IllorinIllorin

EOP

BamakoBamako

OUEMEOUEME

P kP k

IllorinIllorin

EOP

2005-

ParakouParakou

2007EGEE Cruises

Regular operation Regular operation from 2005from 2005


:AMMA-CATCH Sites

GPS EOP

EOP Inst.



:PIRATA Buoys

: GPS EOP: VHF

: XPORT

: Flux Stations

Sahelian Aerosol Transect

TamanrassetTamanrasset

GOURMAGOURMA

GaoGao


IllorinIllorinSalSal

BamakoBamako

OUEMEOUEME

P kP k

IllorinIllorinMIT

Micro rain

DanoDano

#SOP

2006

ParakouParakouRonsard

profiler

Lidar ceilometerVHF UHF

Meteor

#

2006EGEE Cruises

SOP

Meteor

Ron Brown

Regular operation Regular operation from 2005from 2005


:AMMA-CATCH Sites

GPS EOP

EOP Inst.8 RS/day

GPS

Met. Radars



:PIRATA Buoys

: GPS EOP: VHF

: XPORT

: Flux Stations

Sahelian Aerosol Transect

Research Aircraft

Rain Recorder

Daily rain

Rain Recorder

Daily rain

Rain Recorder

Daily rain

Djougou Streamflow Rec.

Piezometer Rec.

Flux station

Met. Station

Radiosounding

Djougou Streamflow Rec.

Piezometer Rec.

Flux station

Met. Station

Radiosounding

Streamflow Rec.

Piezometer Rec.

Flux station

Met. Station

Radiosounding

Parakou

Radiosounding

Parakou

RadiosoundingRadiosounding

Radio soundingsIntensified RS during the SOP

GPS Weather radarsVHF

ProfilersEOP station SOP AMMA Deployment

Radio soundingsIntensified RS during the SOP

GPS Weather radarsVHFVHF

ProfilersEOP stationEOP station SOP AMMA DeploymentSOP AMMA Deployment

9.8

9.9

BiraKopargo

Ronsard

Weather radar

UHF profiler

VHF profiler

Disdrometer

GPS station9.8

9.9

BiraKopargo

9.8

9.9

9.8

9.9

BiraKopargo

RonsardRonsard

Weather radar

UHF profiler

VHF profiler

Disdrometer

GPS station

Weather radar

UHF profiler

VHF profiler

Disdrometer

GPS stationWater Budget Quadrilateral UHFSOP station SAGA ProjectWater Budget Quadrilateral UHFUHFSOP stationSOP station SAGA ProjectSAGA Project

9.7

DjougouDonga

Béléfoungou

Nalohou

GPS station

Photometer

Hydro transect

Scintillometer

IDAF

Chemistry9.7

DjougouDonga

Béléfoungou

Nalohou9.79.7

DjougouDonga

Béléfoungou

Nalohou

GPS station

Photometer

Hydro transect

Scintillometer

IDAF

Chemistry

GPS station

Photometer

Hydro transect

Scintillometer

IDAF

Chemistry

N t d l h l it


1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

9.6

j g

km0 5 10 15 20

NangatchoriX-Port

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

9.6

j g

km0 5 10 15 20

Nangatchori

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

9.6

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

9.6

j g

km0 5 10 15 20

NangatchoriX-PortX-Port

Nested scales on each mesoscale site

Ship born operations

3

221

shipborne measurementsbuoys

R/V F ATALANTEGulf of Guinea 24 May –6 July

R/V D METEORTropical Atlantic23 May –16 July

R/V US RON BROWNNorth Atlantic6 June – 9 July


Ocean – atmosphere interactionsOceanic circulationRole of oceanic forcing on monsoon onset & dynamics

F-ATR F-F20Airborne operations

USA DC8USA-DC8SOP 1 & 2 SOP 1, 2 & 3

G-F20 UK-BAE

SOP 3

SOP 1 & 2 SOP0, 1 & 2 & 3

Geophysica

Chantier Méditerranée Nov 2008 SOP 2

AMMA Satellite productsAMMA Satellite products

Geographical coverage: 4 specific geographical areas have been defined in respect withGeographical coverage: 4 specific geographical areas have been defined in respect withthe specificities of the geophysical processes involved in the African Monsoon :

• Global Area : Climatological and extra-tropics/tropics interaction processes…

• Atlantic-Africa : Large scale atmospheric and oceanographic processes,…

• West Africa : African Monsoon area

• Local Areas (Niamey Ouémé Basin Gourma meso site) : Land surface studies• Local Areas (Niamey, Ouémé Basin,Gourma meso site) : Land surface studies, …

Resolutions: Spatial resolutions of the database products have been predefined for eacharea, and as possible, in respect with the spatial variability of the studied processes.

Areas of Study

AreaArea ResolutionsResolutions

AtlanticAtlantic--AfricaAfrica 0.500.50°°, 0.25, 0.25°°, 0.10, 0.10°°

West AfricaWest Africa 0.100.10°°, 0.05, 0.05°°, 0.01, 0.01°°

Local ScalesLocal Scales 1 km, 100 m, …1 km, 100 m, …

Global ScaleGlobal Scale 2 52 5°° 1 01 0°°


Global ScaleGlobal Scale 2.52.5 , 1.0, 1.0

AMMA databaseAMMA database

Séries temporelles 1D MEDIAS-France, Toulouse

Données historiquesProduits grillés

IPSL, ParisDonnées opérationnellesDonnées de campagnes

LOP, EOP, SOP(physiques, agronomiques, épidémiologiques…)Produits SATELLITE (physiques, agronomiques, épidémiologiques…)Produits SATELLITE

Interface utilisateur uniquehttp://database.amma-international.org/

Sorties deMODELES

Identification

Outil interactif d’accès aux données

MODELES

Produits à valeur ajoutée (cartes Données Qualitativesj (d’émission, champs krigés de précipitation…)

Prod its I S E C de t pe carteOutil Bibliographique

MEDIAS-France, Toulouse

Données QualitativesMEDIAS-France, Toulouse

Questionnaires socio-éco,


Produits I.S.E.C. de type carte MEDIAS France, Toulouse

Articles, références…Entretiens…

-Les objectifs: défis scientifiques & enjeux humains-L’histoire-L’organisation -Le Bureau de projet-Les schémas d’observations et les BD-Conclusions en perspective du Chantier Méditerranée


2002-2009 FUTURThe Futur of AMMA

2002 2009Knowledge orientedKnowledge oriented Integration of “process” knowledge: WAM Integration of “process” knowledge: WAM

understanding and NWP/Climate modelsunderstanding and NWP/Climate models

MultiMulti--scale & multiscale & multi--disciplinary disciplinary with emphasis on geophysics partwith emphasis on geophysics part

Scale Integration (up/down)Scale Integration (up/down)PluriPluri--disciplinarydisciplinary => Interactions Societies=> Interactions Societies--EnvironmentEnvironment--ClimateClimate

Research Field ExperimentsResearch Field ExperimentsLong term observation network forLong term observation network for

EnvironmentEnvironment--ClimateClimate

Relevant monitoring for Application & Relevant monitoring for Application & Research in regard societal issuesResearch in regard societal issues

Long term observation network for Long term observation network for geophysicsgeophysics Applications (High impact weather & Applications (High impact weather &

climate predictions, EWS, …)climate predictions, EWS, …)

B ildi Af i i tifiB ildi Af i i tifi C it b i i t th i ti tC it b i i t th i ti tBuilding an African scientific Building an African scientific community & a strong community & a strong international scientific communityinternational scientific community

Community bringing together scientists Community bringing together scientists and more application experts & decision and more application experts & decision makersmakers

MultiMulti--project management project management coordination of a coherent coordination of a coherent

International program covering all aspects International program covering all aspects steered by a governing structure with an steered by a governing structure with an I t ti l P j t OffiI t ti l P j t Offi


program program International Project OfficeInternational Project Office

Conclusions dans la perspective du chantier Méditerannée

AMMA un grand programme d’initiative française qui a réussi à mobiliser:la Communauté Internationale-la Communauté Internationale

-des géophysiciens de disciplines différentes (première grande expérience Océan-Atmosphère-Continent) & des chercheurs travaillant sur les aspects

iété i t li tsociété-environnement-climat

Des essentiels:S ti dé t d d i t ti•Soutien au départ des grands programmes internationaux

•Réseau soutenu de partenaires africains (~150 pers) •Coordination forte et structurée au niveau français et internationale sur un noyau dur de questions scientifiques, défis humains et d’observations

(IGB et ToR un peu tard dans AMMA) •Bureau de projet sous-dimensionné notamment pour ce qui est de la logistiqueBureau de projet sous dimensionné notamment pour ce qui est de la logistique

& des communications externe et interne •API & son CS; Bonne articulation Tutelles / Communauté impliquée•Gestion mutualisée DT & IRD (opérations de terrain maîtrise des dépenses


•Gestion mutualisée DT & IRD (opérations de terrain, maîtrise des dépenses, transparence)

a m a monsun: multidisiplinære...

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