a rock and a hard place1

8/14/2019 A Rock and a Hard Place1

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A Rock and a Hard PlaceA Rock and a Hard Place


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A Tale of Two EnglandsA Tale of Two Englands

Colony of Virginia was motivated by desireColony of Virginia was motivated by desirefor resources and moneyfor resources and money

BUT,BUT,

There were also religious tensions in EnglandThere were also religious tensions in England


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Once upon a time.Once upon a time.

Henry VIII had created the Church of England,Henry VIII had created the Church of England,which was to be separate from the Catholicwhich was to be separate from the CatholicChurchChurch

Elizabeth I tried to build bridges between theElizabeth I tried to build bridges between theProtestants and the Catholics, to no availProtestants and the Catholics, to no avail

James I did not further reform of church whichJames I did not further reform of church whichleft manyleft many Puritans Puritans very angryvery angry


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The government of England, especially the Church of The government of England, especially the Church of England reacted by trying to calm the tempers of theEngland reacted by trying to calm the tempers of thePuritans.Puritans.

Much PersecutionMuch PersecutionSome Puritans left England while others stayed andSome Puritans left England while others stayed and

became quite powerful became quite powerful

Those who stayed eventually became so powerful inThose who stayed eventually became so powerful in parliament that under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, parliament that under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell,the king (Charles I) was defeated (and beheaded).the king (Charles I) was defeated (and beheaded).


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The ScroobiansThe Scroobians

The puritans that left were called SeparatistsThe puritans that left were called SeparatistsHolland to pursue religious freedom.Holland to pursue religious freedom.They were hard working, but quite poor They were hard working, but quite poor

In 1608, a group from Scrooby left for Holland andIn 1608, a group from Scrooby left for Holland andstayed there for 12 yearsstayed there for 12 yearsEconomic hardship brought them back to England toEconomic hardship brought them back to England to

prepare for a voyage to America prepare for a voyage to AmericaThey returned to England on theThey returned to England on the Speedwell Speedwell

They would have taken this and another ship accept thereThey would have taken this and another ship accept therewere delays and problems that came aboutwere delays and problems that came aboutSooooo.Sooooo.


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All aboard!All aboard!

102 Men, women, and children boarded the102 Men, women, and children boarded the Mayflower Mayflower (only half were Separatists)(only half were Separatists)

Embarked on their journey from Plymouth,Embarked on their journey from Plymouth,England on September 16, 1620England on September 16, 1620

65-day voyage65-day voyage

The Mayflower dropped anchor off the coastThe Mayflower dropped anchor off the coastof present-day Provincetown on November 21,of present-day Provincetown on November 21,16201620


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"They knew they were pilgrims, and looked not much on those things, but"They knew they were pilgrims, and looked not much on those things, butlifted up their eyes to the heavens, their dearest country."lifted up their eyes to the heavens, their dearest country."

William BradfordWilliam Bradford

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Some problemsSome problems

There were two groupsThere were two groups

One group were the Separatists who were inOne group were the Separatists who were in

search of religious freedom, the other groupsearch of religious freedom, the other groupwere simply out to become richwere simply out to become rich

They had no legal right to the land upon whichThey had no legal right to the land upon whichthey would settlethey would settle

It was outside the boundary of their charter It was outside the boundary of their charter

Sooooooooo.Sooooooooo.


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History in the MakingHistory in the Making

Before stepping off of the boat, the twoBefore stepping off of the boat, the twoconflicting groups drew up a document.conflicting groups drew up a document.

The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact

Considered the first written constitution inConsidered the first written constitution in North America North America

They all agreed to create a Civil BodyThey all agreed to create a Civil BodyPolitic (They would abide by laws that theydPolitic (They would abide by laws that theydcreate for the good of the colony)create for the good of the colony)


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This sounds fa miliarThis sounds fa miliar

As with the Jamestown settlers, the timing of theAs with the Jamestown settlers, the timing of thePilgrims arrival was awfulPilgrims arrival was awful

Winter was cold, windy, and horribleWinter was cold, windy, and horrible

No real land to be farmed No real land to be farmedLike Jamestown, people began to dieLike Jamestown, people began to die

Half died the first winter Half died the first winter

But these people were different from those inBut these people were different from those inJamestown: hard workers, and a desire to be free.Jamestown: hard workers, and a desire to be free.


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Some Important NamesSome Important Names

William Bradford: Historian and governor William Bradford: Historian and governor My les Standish: Soldier who served asMy les Standish: Soldier who served asmilitary advisor (NOT a separatist)military advisor (NOT a separatist)Edward Winslow: Diplomat who gainedEdward Winslow: Diplomat who gainedrelations with Massasoit, chief of therelations with Massasoit, chief of theWampanoagsWampanoags

Squanto and Samoset: Two native americansSquanto and Samoset: Two native americanswho taught Pilgrims how to plant crops andwho taught Pilgrims how to plant crops and

build shelters. build shelters.


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The Massachusetts Bay ColonyThe Massachusetts Bay Colony

1630: Another group of Puritans land at Massachusetts Bay in1630: Another group of Puritans land at Massachusetts Bay infive ships.five ships.Eleven more ships arrive the next year.Eleven more ships arrive the next year.Under title of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Puritans can legallyUnder title of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Puritans can legally

settle the areasettle the areaBy 1624, 20,000 immigrants (mostly Puritans) arriveBy 1624, 20,000 immigrants (mostly Puritans) arriveThis new colony, governed by Jonathan Winthrop, was a center This new colony, governed by Jonathan Winthrop, was a center of religious freedom and sought to create an ideal society.of religious freedom and sought to create an ideal society.

Society was built around church, study, and work Society was built around church, study, and work Harvard University founded in 1636 to train men in the Puritan character.Harvard University founded in 1636 to train men in the Puritan character.

a rock and a hard place1

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