Abbasid caliphate

Political System

Al Muti was the 23rd caliph of the Abbasid caliphate he ruled from 946 to 974

Came after the Buwahids came to Baghdad in 945, he came from his retirement and established himself as the new caliph

He was not given the power to appoint the wazirsby the Buwayid emirs

His greatest challenge was the Buwayhid sultan Mu’izzAl Dawla

Political System

• At Tai was the 24th caliph of the Abbasid caliphate

• He reigned from year 974 to 991

• The dominion of the Abbasid shrunk

• He was deposed by Baha al Dawla, emir of the Buwahid

Al Qadir Held office from 991 to 1031

25 caliph of the Abbasid and son of

the predecessor

Al Qaim became the 26 caliph of the

Abbasid caliphate

He was a weak ruler and during his reign,

Baghdad had so much turmoil

Abbasid caliphs retained little more

than moral and spiritual influence as

the heads of Orthodox Sunni Islam.

Academia and Sciences

Ibn Sina regarded as the father of modern medicine

Known as Avicenna in the west

Wrote the Canon of Medicine in 1025, (an encyclopedia describing diseases and treatments that were far ahead of any medical work done in Europe.)

Academia and Sciences

He contributed in other fields such as geology, astronomy and mathematics, physics, chemistry, meteorology and other related fields

Another Latin edition of IbnSina's Canon of Medicine printedat Rome in 1593.

Academia and Sciences

1000 CE, 390 A.H Al-Haytham discovers that white light consists of various rays of colored light.

Al Hazen who made significant contribution to the principles optic.

Al Biruni a great scholar well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy and natural sciences, he was also a historian and a linguist.

Academia and Sciences

Abu Al-Qasim known as the father of surgery

He invented several devices used during surgery

He is also credited to be the first to describe ectopic pregnancy in 963, in those days a fatal affliction.

Completion of the mosque of Cordoba.

The Great Mosque of Cordoba

There was an increase of Shia observance

Struggle against Shias

Declaration of the Baghdad manifesto to fight against Shias

in 1029 , Al-Risala al-Qadiriyya was published by the caliph al-Qadir criticizing the Mu’tazila and Shi’te theology

Theology

Economy

Situated between three continents, the caliphate enjoyed enormous trade with china, west Europe and central Africa.

Non Muslims merchants and craftsmen were allowed to reside within the caliphate and carry on trade with their home countries, which facilitated further long distance trade.

They traded with spices, minerals and dyes from India

Economy

Gems and fabrics from Central Asia

Honey and wax from Scandivinia

Ivory and dust from Africa

In the slave markets, Muslim traders bought and sold Mongolians, Scandivians, Central Asia and Africa.

They had a banking system and joint stock, and checks drawn on one bank could be cashed somewhere else in the empire.

Trade began diverting to Egypt

Fatimid Caliphate Dynasty

Fatimid Caliphate

An Ismaili leader, Ubaydulla, conquers in 909 a stretch of north Africa, a Dynasty founded known as the Fatimid.

In 969, a Fatimid army conquers Egypt, which now becomes the center of a kingdom, the north Africa coast.

. Fatimid founded the city of Al-Qahiratu "the Victorious" in 969 as the new capital of the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt.

Following a year, in 970 the Fatimid established in Cairo the UNIVERSITY OF MOSQUE OF AL-AZHAR, which has remained ever since a Centre of Islamic learning.

The Fatimid Caliphate grew to include Sicily and to stretch across North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean

Seljuk Dynasty

1

• The Seljuk Dynasty was an Islamic empire which occupied central Asia and the middle east between the 11th and 14th centuries AD. Based in Isfahan, the Seljuk also had capitals at Merv, Nishapur, and Rayy.

2• The empire stretched throughout most of the middle east until it was

splintered by attacks from the Mongol hordes in the 14th century.

Seljuk Dynasty

During the 10th century, due to various events, the Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities.

They were Turkish Sunni Muslims that gradually adopted Persian culture.

They came to power following the collapse of the Abbasid dynasty when the Fatimid dynasty in Cairo and other ruling families in Spain and North Africa had already established separate ruling dynasties

Their leader, Tugrul Bey, forced the Abbasid caliph to name him sultan

Seljuk Dynasty

Even though the Abbasid was ruled by the caliph, the Seljuk had a lot of influence

in practice

Abbasid caliphs had moral and spiritual influence as the heads of Orthodox Sunni Islam and little

political activities

Converts to Sunni Islam,

the Seljuk based their

authority on their military

prowess. The Seljuk leader

Tughril (d. 1063) crossed

into Iran by 1043 and in

1055 entered Baghdad as

the new ruling sultan.

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire

It was located on the European side of the Bosporus (the strait linking the Black Sea to the Mediterranean), the site of Byzantium was ideally located to serve as a transit and trade point between Europe and Asia Minor

It’s capital city is the modern-day Istanbul, originally founded as Byzantium.

the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and specially military force in Europe

the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and specially military force in Europe.

The Byzantine Empire, which lasted 1,100 years, is the reason why Greece exists today

It is also the reason that we have so many well preserved texts from ancient times, and it is the arguably reason why the West experienced the Renaissance

Byzantine Empire

Other Parts Of The World

Umayyad Abd al-Rahman III al-Nasr in Spain proclaims himself Caliph 969

After the year 1000, Christian forces began reconquering the Iberian peninsula (Hispania) and Sicily

Abbasid political unity weakened and independent or semi-autonomous local dynasties were established in Egypt, Iran, and other parts of the realm.

References

"Abassid". Encyclopedia Britannica . Cambridge University Press.

The Saylor Foundation (2012). The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization;

American Heritage (2011). Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Copyright © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin H Harcourt Publishing Company.

The Saylor Foundation (2012). The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization; retrieved February 24 2015.

Weebly (2015). Islamic Civilization: Abbasid Caliphate (750- mid 13th century); retrieved February 24 2015. http://islamiccivilizationtimeline.weebly.com/abbasid-caliphate.html