Sokoto Caliphate

Basically. . . …

Western Sudan

Songhai

Borno

Collapsed

Primarily

Muslim regions

Who?Usman Dan Fodio

Muslim scholar

Wanted to create a strong Muslim nation

Angered by Hausa Kings and their mixture of Islam

with other cultures

* At this point,

Muslim scholars

thought that Muslims

abandoned traditional

Muslim culture

How. . . ? Objective: Restore Muslim worldSeries of reforms

Jihad

Revolution that would overthrow existing

authorities

And so. . . …

The Sokoto Capital was created in 1809 C.E.

When Did It Exist?•The Sokoto Caliphate began in

1804, started by Usman dan Fodio.

•1809 Muhammad Bello, Usman’s son, founded Sokoto,

the capital.•1817 Usman died and

Muhammad Bello took over.•The Oyo Calvary in Ilorin was

defeated in 1820.

• From 1808 to 1830, there was a period of great expansion.

• 1837 the Sokoto Caliphate had a population of around 10 million

people.• 1891 the Caliphate was at war with

Argungu.• 1902 the British continued their expansion into Nigeria and moved

into the Sokoto Caliphate.

People of Sokoto Caliphate

Key Information• Islam was widespread in Sokoto

Caliphate.• Arabic was used to control relations

with neighboring countries.• Relationships with the Europeans were bad especially during the fight

for the Caliphate.• It was the largest state in Africa at

one point in time.

How did it rise?• A revolution which swept across Bilad Sudan in 1817 lead to the

establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate.

http://www.academia.edu/518525/Ibn_Khaldun_Cyclical_Theory_and_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Sokoto_Caliphate_Nigeria_West_Africa

What were the factors?• 31 different emirates a united to become strong and powerful

Decline• Collapsed under pressure from colonialism that destroyed

traditional trading patterns.

• In 1904, the British brought the Caliphate system to an end by invading.

http://nigerianwiki.com/index.php?title=Sokoto_Caliphate

Importance • Strong for political and religious power

Sources… • Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Nigeria: A Country Study. Washington:

GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991.• "Historical Dictionary." Sokoto Caliphate. History Today, n.d.

Web. 10 Mar. 2014.• Mudasiru, Sheriff. “Sokoto Caliphate: It’s Rise and Fall”.

International Islamic University Malaysia. N.p, n.d. 10 March 2014. Web.