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in the

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ser ies 

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er ed to 

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er stand

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ing  Alla

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try and 

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f ind wit

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hin him 

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sustain

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ing and 

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Islam 

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Eur ope

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nasaw

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nts but 

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faith

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sense

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onging 

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to the

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r emain

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D 

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Thebirt

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h of  Isla

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m mu

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move

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place

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ula surr 

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in the

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takes 

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place

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penins

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a vas

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Hi jaz or  

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r ier .Me

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cca and 

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souther 

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nmost 

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part of  

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now

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known 

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sian 

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For  ce

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inhabi

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tants 

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of  ce

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ntr al, 

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bia ha

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a no

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madic 

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sts, kn

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as Be

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duin, 

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antly 

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move.

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Their  

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organi

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was 

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base

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d on 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 352/1258

theind

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 353/1258

epen

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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dent 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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tr ibe- 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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qabila

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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- f urt

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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her  divi

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ded 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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in to 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 361/1258

quam

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 362/1258

s an

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 363/1258

d he

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 364/1258

aded 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 365/1258

by a 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sheik

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 367/1258

h.Co

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 368/1258

nflicts 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 369/1258

betwe

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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en var 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ious 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 372/1258

tr ibes 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 373/1258

and 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 374/1258

raids 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 375/1258

know

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 376/1258

n as 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 377/1258

Ghaz

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 379/1258

wer e

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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com

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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mon. A 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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for m 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 383/1258

of  tr ib

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ute, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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called 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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thekh

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 387/1258

uwwa, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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was 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 389/1258

takes 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 390/1258

by the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 391/1258

bedui

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 392/1258

n fro

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 393/1258

m the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 394/1258

f ewagr 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 395/1258

icultur 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 396/1258

alists, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 397/1258

in r et

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 398/1258

urn for  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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protec

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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tion.

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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On the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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other  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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hand, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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wer e

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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some

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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com

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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muniti

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 409/1258

es whi

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 410/1258

chsu

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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bsi

ste

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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cultivat

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ion of  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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fr uit 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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and 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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grain.

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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The

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Bedui

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 421/1258

n tr ib

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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d the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 424/1258

peopl

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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eof  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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thepe

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ninsul

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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a, ge

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ner ally 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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r ef err 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ed to 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 432/1258

thems

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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elves 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 434/1258

as ara

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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b, an

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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d the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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langu

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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age

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sp

ok

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 440/1258

en by 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 441/1258

them 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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was a 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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var iati

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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on of  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 445/1258

 Arama

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ic. A 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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distinct 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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linguist

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ic ide

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ntity 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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had 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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been 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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for me

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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d by 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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end 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  5

th 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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centu

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ry, whi

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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chwa

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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nif est

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ed in 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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theflo

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ur ishi

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 465/1258

ng tra

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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dition 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  ora

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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l po

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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etr y, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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know

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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n as 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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rajaz.

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Imr ul 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Qays, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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thefor 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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emost 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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pr e-

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 478/1258

Islamic 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 479/1258

poet 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 480/1258

of   Ara

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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bia is 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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well 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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know

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 484/1258

n for  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 485/1258

his od

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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es call

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ed mu

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 488/1258

allaqat

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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.

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 490/1258

By the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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begin

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ning 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  the

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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5th 

ce

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ntury, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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centr 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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es ha

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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d co

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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meup 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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men.

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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This 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ar ea 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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was 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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inhabi

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ted by 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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peopl

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ewh

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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o pra

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Judai

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 514/1258

sm, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 515/1258

and 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 517/1258

elan

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-emergence-of-the-caliphate 518/1258

guag

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ory of  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  gr e

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  no

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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duin 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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om it 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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hand, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ds- had 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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chow

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allegia

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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nceto 

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theByz

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antine

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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empir e

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.The

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Sassan

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ids and 

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theByz

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antines 

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used 

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theLak

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and the

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Ghass

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anids, 

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r espec

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tively, 

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as a 

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buff er  

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against 

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Bedui

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n inc

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ur sions 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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and for  

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r ecr uiti

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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b troo

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ps.Mo

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ving 

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toward

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s  Afr i

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ca, the

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Ethiopi

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an kin

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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gs had 

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convert

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ed to 

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Coptic 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Chr isti

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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anity.

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When 

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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leader, 

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Dhu

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Nuwa

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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s,(c.

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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.) ca

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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meto 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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power  

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in sou

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th Ara

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bia and 

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per sec

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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uting 

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theChr 

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istians

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, the

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ans use

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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d this 

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as a 

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pr etext 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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to inv

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adeYe

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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men; 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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support

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er s in 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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turn sou

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ght the

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support 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  the

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Per sia

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ns, but 

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wer e

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eventu

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ally def 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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eated.

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Subse

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, the

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arabs 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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becam

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eine

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xtr icab

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ly em

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broiled 

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in the

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power  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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politics 

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of  the

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r egion.

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R ole of  

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Mecca 

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in the 

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R ise of  

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Isl

am 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Dur ing 

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the6th c

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entury, 

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a gra

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dual 

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socio-

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econo

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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mic cha

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s taki

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ng pla

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cewit

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bia.So

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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meof  

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thetr ib

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es, esp

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in Hi ja

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z, gav

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eup 

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noma

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toralis

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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m and 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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took to 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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mer can

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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tileacti

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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vity and 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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trade.

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Theimp

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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etus to 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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 Arabia

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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n trad

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ewa

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disloca

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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tion of  

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theinte

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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rnation

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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al trad

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erout

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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epas

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sing 

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through

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thePer 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sian 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Gulf  

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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and Iraq

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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, cau

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sed by 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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theSas

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sanid-

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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Byzanti

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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necon

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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flict, 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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thus 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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some

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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of  the

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trade

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was 

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went 

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Syr ia.

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It wa

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s dur i

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ng this 

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per iod 

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that Me

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cca, a 

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settlem

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ent of  

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trader s 

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in Hi ja

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z, gai

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ned pro

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minenc

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us ter 

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ms too, 

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Mecca 

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was 

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ver y 

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strategi

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cally 

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locate

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d.The

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center  

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of  Jud

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locate

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hr ib wa

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s loc

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ated 

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near  

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Mecca 

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and Naj

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ran, the

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center  

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of  Chr 

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sepro

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ximity 

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as well

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.Me

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s als

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center  

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for  pag

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anistic 

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us sig

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nif ican

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Mecca 

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was a 

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f eatur e

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which

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thetrad

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ing co

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mmunit

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ht hav

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etr ie

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d to pro

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mote.T

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hemai

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n shr i

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neat 

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Mecca 

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was a 

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r ectang

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ular  str u

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ctur e

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called 

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kaba 

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(cube) 

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and it 

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was 

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locate

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d at an 

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oasis 

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which

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had a 

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well, 

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zamz

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am, the

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water  

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of  whi

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chca

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meto 

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ber eg

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arded 

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as hol

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y by 

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theMu

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slims.

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The3 

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natural 

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deities 

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wer e

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alr eady 

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in wor 

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ship in 

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Mecca 

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al Uzz

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al al ±

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lat ma

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nat 

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These

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3 wer 

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er eg

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arded 

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as the

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daught

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er s of  

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al-lah.

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So trad

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eand 

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r eligio

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n 

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operate

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d tog

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ether  

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as the

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people

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visited 

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thesan

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ctuary 

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at Me

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cca.

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Every 

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year  

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ther e

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was  a 

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sacr ed 

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per iod, 

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for m 

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of  a fair, 

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dur ing 

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whichn

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o viol

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ence

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was 

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per mitt

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ed and 

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hostiliti

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ong con

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flicting 

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tr ibes 

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wer esu

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spende

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d.Mo

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st imp

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ortantly

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, bus

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iness 

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transac

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tions 

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could 

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take

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placep

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eacef ul

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ly at 

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this tim

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e.

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Thestra

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tegic 

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imp

orta

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nceof  

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Mecca 

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as a 

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trade

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route, 

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s the

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roleit 

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played 

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in the

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r iseof  

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has r ec

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ently 

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come

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into deb

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ate.

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e 

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th

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themat

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er ialisti

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c exp

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lanatio

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n for  

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r iseof  

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Islam 

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has bee

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n put 

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for war 

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d by 

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W.

M. 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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att

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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.He

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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sees 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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ther ise

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of  this 

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new

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faith

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ponse

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transiti

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on fro

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m a no

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madic 

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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to a sett

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led mer 

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cantile

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econo

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my.For  

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him the

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Centra

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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l loc

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ation of  

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Mecca 

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and the

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growin

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e in lux

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ury goo

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ds, inc

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ence

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and silv

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er  goo

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ds fro

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m Chi

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na etc 

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wer e

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imp

orta

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nt fact

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or s.He

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argues 

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that the

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expans

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ion of  

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n co

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eero

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ties, 

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cr eate

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d ne

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wide

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as of  

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individ

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ualism, 

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thus 

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intr odu

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cing 

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social 

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diff er e

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ntiation

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.The

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poor, 

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who 

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had bee

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n prot

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ected 

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by virt

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ueof  

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strong 

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clan 

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bondag

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e, no

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wbeg

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suff er .

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Theprof 

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its fro

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m trad

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eand 

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ear nin

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gs fro

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m pilg

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r image

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did not 

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benef it 

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everyo

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neunif 

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ormly, 

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cr eatin

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g dis

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sention 

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and con

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flict.

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Ther ela

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tivelysi

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mple

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tr ibal 

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organi

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zation 

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of  Qur 

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did not 

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have

8/7/2019 The Emergence of the Caliphate

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any me

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chanis

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m to 

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cope

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with

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