ABSTRACTABSTRACT

Hydropower (from Hydropower (from hydro, hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of moving water. The fall and movement of from the force of moving water. The fall and movement of water is part of a continuous natural cycle called the water water is part of a continuous natural cycle called the water cycle. Energy from the sun evaporates water in the Earth’s cycle. Energy from the sun evaporates water in the Earth’s oceans and rivers and draws it upward as water vapor. When oceans and rivers and draws it upward as water vapor. When the water vapor reaches the cooler air in the atmosphere, it the water vapor reaches the cooler air in the atmosphere, it condenses and forms clouds. The moisture eventually falls to condenses and forms clouds. The moisture eventually falls to the Earth as rain or snow, replenishing the water in the oceans the Earth as rain or snow, replenishing the water in the oceans and rivers. Gravity drives the water, moving it from high and rivers. Gravity drives the water, moving it from high ground to low ground. The force of moving water can be ground to low ground. The force of moving water can be extremely powerful. Hydropower is called a extremely powerful. Hydropower is called a renewable renewable energy source because the water on Earth is continuously energy source because the water on Earth is continuously replenished by precipitation. As long as the water cycle replenished by precipitation. As long as the water cycle continues, we won’t run out of this energy sourcecontinues, we won’t run out of this energy source

Sources of EnergySources of Energy

Renewable SourcesRenewable Sources 1) Land1) Land

2) Air 2) Air

3) Sky3) Sky

4) Fire4) Fire

5) Water5) Water Non Renewable SourcesNon Renewable Sources

What is Hydropower What is Hydropower and Why there is its and Why there is its

need ???need ??? MEANING:MEANING:

HISTORY:HISTORY:

CURRENT SITUATION:CURRENT SITUATION:

SETUP for producing SETUP for producing HYDROPOWERHYDROPOWER

HYDRO-DAMSHYDRO-DAMS

HYDROELECTRIC-PLANTSHYDROELECTRIC-PLANTS

HYDRO-DAMSHYDRO-DAMS

HYDROELECTRIC-HYDROELECTRIC-PLANTSPLANTS

Some Hydropower Some Hydropower Projects in INDIAProjects in INDIA

Top10 largest Hydropower Top10 largest Hydropower Projects AROUND THE Projects AROUND THE

GLOBEGLOBE1. Three Gorges Dam1. Three Gorges Dam People’s Republic Of People’s Republic Of

ChinaChina

2. Itaipu Dam2. Itaipu Dam Brazil – ParaguayBrazil – Paraguay

3. Guri3. Guri VenezuelaVenezuela

4. Tucurui4. Tucurui BrazilBrazil

5. Grand Coulee5. Grand Coulee United StatesUnited States

6. Longtan Dam6. Longtan Dam People’s Republic Of People’s Republic Of ChinaChina

7. Kranoyarskaya7. Kranoyarskaya RussiaRussia

8. Robert – Bourassa8. Robert – Bourassa CanadaCanada

9. Churchill Falls9. Churchill Falls CanadaCanada

10.Bratskaya 10.Bratskaya RussiaRussia

Some New Researches And Some New Researches And Technologies in this fieldTechnologies in this field

Wing Waves America’s Premiere Wave Power Far

m Aquamarine Power Osmotic Power Plant  Studying Sea Waves with Radar Push Plates Hydrokinetic Power Barges Renewable Energy From Slow Water

Currents Agucadoura

Wave powerWave power

AWS' AWS' Archimedes Wave Swing, one of the few , one of the few proven technologies worldwide for generating proven technologies worldwide for generating clean, renewable electricity from the ocean's clean, renewable electricity from the ocean's waves.waves. This leads to a technology which aims to This leads to a technology which aims to establish Scotland as a world leader in marine establish Scotland as a world leader in marine energy.energy.

Wing Waves - - Power from Power from SEASEA

Advantages of Wing Advantages of Wing WavesWaves Clean and green way and also useful Clean and green way and also useful

in desalinizing of sea waterin desalinizing of sea water Protects sea lifeProtects sea life Power can be used on land directly Power can be used on land directly

by transferring cables from sea to by transferring cables from sea to landland

Proper maintenance could lead the Proper maintenance could lead the life of wings up to 20 yrs.life of wings up to 20 yrs.

The wings will operate and generate The wings will operate and generate power even if the sea is a bit calm .power even if the sea is a bit calm .

The wings will get locked The wings will get locked automatically during hurricanes, automatically during hurricanes, when the sea is roughwhen the sea is rough

Wave Power Farm

Aquamarine Power

Osmotic Power Plant

Radar

Used in the predictions of direction of Used in the predictions of direction of winds and formations of waves.winds and formations of waves.

Also could be used in the production Also could be used in the production of electricityof electricity

utilizing the wind energy.utilizing the wind energy.

Push Plates

The Theme of ConceptThe Theme of Concept: Theme of concept is : Theme of concept is to harness the kinetic energy within the flow of to harness the kinetic energy within the flow of water without using the conventional methods water without using the conventional methods like water wheel or other types of turbines. like water wheel or other types of turbines. With some changes this can be a source of With some changes this can be a source of producing clean energy from tidal waves.producing clean energy from tidal waves.

Hydrokinetic Power Hydrokinetic Power BargesBarges

Hydrokinetic energy which Hydrokinetic energy which generates power by using generates power by using submerged or partially submerged or partially submerged turbines that submerged turbines that harness the energy from harness the energy from flowing water -- is on the flowing water -- is on the rise throughout the worldrise throughout the world . . Because hydrokinetic power generation relies Because hydrokinetic power generation relies

simply on the extraction of energy from the simply on the extraction of energy from the natural velocity of water, these power systems natural velocity of water, these power systems can be placed into sources of flowing water with can be placed into sources of flowing water with minimal infrastructure or environmental impacts.minimal infrastructure or environmental impacts.

Slow Water Currents-Slow Water Currents-Fish technologyFish technology

It is a device that acts like a fish It is a device that acts like a fish that turns the potentially that turns the potentially destructive vibrations in water destructive vibrations in water into clean, renewable energy. into clean, renewable energy. This machine is named This machine is named as as VIVACE ( Vortex Induced VIVACE ( Vortex Induced Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Energy)Energy)

AgucadouraAgucadoura

Portugal built Portugal built AgucadouraAgucadoura, the world's , the world's first wave farm off its coast. This wave first wave farm off its coast. This wave farm has three farm has three Wave Wave Energy ConvertersEnergy Converters which are producing a total of 2.25MW.which are producing a total of 2.25MW.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

InternetInternet Hydraulic Mechanics and Hydraulic Mechanics and

machines-R.K BANSALmachines-R.K BANSAL Hydraulics Machine – S.l.DixionHydraulics Machine – S.l.Dixion Hydraulics by - P.K.NagHydraulics by - P.K.Nag