abstract writing 2

7/25/2019 Abstract Writing 2

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ABSTRACT WRITING

DR. M BILAL

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITYHEALTH SCIENCES


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WHAT IS AN ABSTRACT

A brief summaryof a researc ar!ic"e#a$a"%sis ofa &ar!ic'"ar s'b(ec! or )isci&"i$e.

Beginningof ar!ic"e.

I! s!a!es !e purpose* methods* a$) fndings*conclusionsof %o'r researc &ro(ec!.

I! so'") $o! s!a!e fee"i$,s a$)#or co$scio'ss!a!es* e.,. "i-es* )is"i-es* &refere$ces*a$$o%a$ces* e!c.* of !e ri!er of !e s%$o&sis.


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STRUCTURE

RESEARCH FOCUS/ob(ec!i0es#s!a!e1e$! of !e &rob"e1#iss'e23 cris&%* sor!*

METHOS4 s!')% )esi,$* &o&'"a!io$* sa1&"e* sa1&"i$,!ec$i5'e* !oo" of )a!a co""ec!io$* )a!a e$!r%* )a!a a$a"%sis*

OBSER!AT"O#S$RESU%TS3S!a!e o$"% !emain no&el fndings of %o'r s!')%* a$) o %o' fo'$) i!.

CO#C%US"O#S4 E$) res'"!.


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'H( TO 'R"TEABSTRACT

INFO. OF YOUR REASEARCH PRO6ECT

He"& rea)er )eci)e e!er !o rea)

%o'r !e7! or $o!

He"& sco"ars !o 8$) %o'r ar!ic"ei!o'! rea)i$, f'"" ar!ic"e.

Searci$, "i!era!'re.


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LIMITATIONS

SUCCINT INFORMATION


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Fo'r C9s of Abs!rac! Wri!i$,

COM)%ETE: i! co0ers !e 1a(or &ar!s

of !e &ro(ec!#case

CO#C"SE : i! co$!ai$s $o e7cessor)i$ess or '$$ecessar% i$for1a!io$.

C%EAR: i! is rea)ab"e* e"" or,a$i;e)*

a$) $o! !oo (ar,o$3"a)e$. COHES"!E : i!


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COMMON PROBLEMS

TOO SHORT

TOO LONG

FAILURE TO INCLUDE IMPORTANTINFO.

UNNECESSARY INFORMATION


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T")S

O*s A'!or a$) co3a'!or

$a1es

P"ace 5'o!e) 1a!eria" i$5'o!a!io$s

Brea- "o$, se$!e$ces

E"i1i$a!e as!e or)s

Do'b"e s&ace)

M's! rea) i$s!r'c!io$s

A'!or=s $a1e 4 i!a"icise)

Wri!e i$ &as! !e$se

Use scie$!i8c or)s i$ f'""*

af!erar)s 'seabbre0ia!io$s

Gi0e '$i!s of

1eas're1e$!

O#T*s Use %o'r o$ se"f

e7&"a$a!or% co$ce&!s

Lo$, se$!e$ces

S!ar! a$% se$!e$cei! a$% $'1eric

)o$=! e7cee) >? of!e "e$,! of e$!ire&a&er

I$c"')e Tab"es#,ra&


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Re&ision Techni+ues

A"T"O# , adding a -ord. phrase. or sentence

Original: This project is an experimentation ofthe eects of two-cycle marine engine exhaustwater on certain algae.

Revised: This project is a bioassayexperimentation of the eects of two-cycle marineengine exhaust water on certain green algae.

E%ET"O# , deleting a -ord. phrase. orsentence

Original: The researcher has developed anoriginal code reuired for successfulimplementation of the environment reconstructionapplication/


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SUBST"TUT"O# , su0stituting one -ord.phrase. or sentence 1or another

Original: !n the beginning" the idea was todetermine the toxicity of outboard enginelubricant.

Revised: The initialidea was to determine thetoxicity of outboard engine lubricant.

TRA#S)OS"T"O# , mo&ing -ords. phrases. orsentences to another position

Original: #sing optical $bers as light guides" asystem was created with light guided from a lightsource to an integrating chamber" re%ected andguided bac& to a digital camera.

Revised: ' systemusing optical $bers as lightguideswas created with light guided from a light

source to an integrating chamber" re%ected" andthen guided bac& to a digital camera.


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COMB"#AT"O# , com0ining sentences and$orparagraphs. -hich usually results in the use o1multiple re&ision techni+ues and a considera0leshortening o1 the passage/

Original: The project was started with aninvestigation of methods in use today and

possible alternatives. Two alternative methodsthat seemed to be promising were chosen ( the$rst method is to &ill bacteria with pulsing highvoltage" and the second is boiling with highe)cient heat exchanging.

Revised: The project investigatedtwoalternative methods in use today: *+ &illingbacteria with pulsing high voltage, +boilingbacteria with ahigh e)cient heat exchange.


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ATTE#T"O#

S!')e$!s are re5'ire) !o s'b1i! !e5'es!io$$aire "a!es! b% @! Ma%@ !o !eir res&ec!i0e Faci"i!a!ors.


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THAN YOU

abstract writing 2

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