Virtual Mannequin: 3D Parameterized Human Modeling

Amit Prakash Department of

Computer Technology,

YCCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra,

India +91-7620727558

amit_prakash07@hotmail.com

Ujwalla Gawande

Department of Computer

Technology, YCCE, Nagpur

Maharashtra, India +91-9850396591

ujwallgawande@yahoo.co.in

Alok Bhushan Department of

Computer Technology,

YCCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra,

India +91-

9561060638

Santosh Pandey

Department of Computer

Technology, YCCE Nagpur,

Maharashtra, India +91-9028440205 santydoll@gmail

com

Prasanna Kr Reddy

Department of Computer

Technology, YCCE, Nagpur,

Maharashtra, India +91-9975103739

sonu4u07@gmail.com

Abstract Selecting clothes and taking trials of them at the stores are

always being time consuming job. It becomes, sometimes,

difficult to find clothes of desired color, fabric and size. It

is more difficult for customers who use e-shopping for

their shopping as visualization is not possible. In this paper

we are proposing a web-based system based on 3D human

modeling and its visualization. System is deployed in two

parts, one on client system and other on the server. Client

system accepts customer’s dimensions of their exposed

body part, taken in traditional fashion, and 2D image of

their face as input. Client system generates a 3D model

using these inputs along with the face of the customer.

Color of skin of the model is same as that of the 2D face

image. Customers can customize their clothing style using

digital styles and accessories present in the digital library

at client system. After completion of clothing modification

user can place orders. Client system sends all information,

size and model, to the server.

Categories and Subject Descriptor I.2.10 [Computing Methodologies]: Vision and Scene

Understanding – 3D/stereo scene analysis, Modeling and

recovery of physical attributes, Texture.

General Terms Algorithm, Design, Human Factors, Measurement

Keywords

3D Human modeling, Deformation, Anthropometry,

Smoothening

1. INTRODUCTION

Selecting clothes and taking trials of them is always being

a time taking job. Customer needs to go to the store and have

to search for something unique for them. Selected clothes,

may be possible, won’t come to their exact size. It becomes

difficult to find clothes of our desired color, fabric, style and

size. Customers have to select only those clothes which are in

the market even they detest them and if finds one, they are

expensive. Customer’s using e-shopping face the problem of

visualization most as they can’t see themselves in the selected

clothes.

The backbone of proposed application is parameterized 3D

human modeling using anthropological measurement data.

This approach only needs body parameters from the

customers, using traditional tape measurements, and it

generates an appropriate human model for the customer. It

also maps 2D face image of the customer, given as input, to

the model.

In this approach, we are using template models for both,

male and female gender, created using Autodesk Maya [1], a

3D modeling package. When user enter their body size

parameters template model is selected and is deformed to get

exact model according to the entered data. Regarding human

body anthropometry, template body model is divided into

logical segments where each of them corresponds to a specific

body landmark defined by ISO-7250 and ISO-8559 standards

[3]. Using free form deformation methods and radial

functions, desired segments of the selected template model are

deformed independently and blended to reflect the exact shape

and size of the customer. Continuity of the sections and the

normal space deformation of the models are also considered.

The remaining sections of this paper are as follows: In

section 2, we introduced our application and its design

following section 3, 4 and 5 as result, conclusion and future

works.

2. VIRTUAL MANNEQUIN Proposed application, Virtual Mannequin is web based

application using which user can visualize themselves in

clothes selected by them using the system interface. System is

deployed in two sub-subsystems. One deployed at the

customer’s client system and another deployed at the web

server. Web application on web server will be a typical

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ICWET’11, February 25–26, 2011, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

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electronic ordering system. Client Application will be a point

of discussion as it is based on parameterized human modeling.

Architecture of client system is as shown in figure 1.

Client Application as shown in figure 1 has 3D model

generator module which generates a human model according

to entered parameters from the application interface. Model

generator, firstly, selects the template model and after

subsequent deformation, blending and smoothening of the

model, it gives the final output model. This paper mainly

focuses on the generation of parameterized human model.

2.1 Template Model and Segmentation

First step in the parameterized body model generation

process is the design of the underlying template model. This

process is the one time effort during the design of the

deformation framework. Templates are designed using

segmentation approach. Each individual part will be designed

separately according to anthropometric measurements. This

process is handled manually during the design stage of the

template model by marking the specific regions and

identifying them with unique numbers. Each identifier

corresponds to specific region of the main body mesh.

Regions are determined on the basis of measurement

landmarks using ISO-7250 and ISO-8559 and are illustrated in

figure 2.

Regions are categorized as below:

1. Regions where the deformation is applied vertically,

more specifically height measurements, i.e. waist height,

inside leg length.

2. Regions where the girth deformation is applied on

joints, i.e. knee girth, wrist girth.

3. Regions where the girth deformation is applied in

between two joints or regions, i.e. thigh girth, calf girth,

waist girth.

Figure 3 illustrates some of the regions corresponding to the

ISO-7250 and ISO-8559 measurement landmarks.

Models are generated individually according to the regions as

shown in figure 3. Additional information and identifiers are

added to each region so that deformation technique can be

easily implemented. Vertices in each region are defined as

segment M. Regions of arm are oriented in the horizontal

direction and the other regions are oriented vertically. According to the orientation of each segment depending on the

model’s posture, number and type of the deformation

functions are manually defined. In case of Bézier based

deformation functions, control points are preliminary adjusted

to give the bumpy effect along with the muscles and the fat

tissue of the template model parts.

2.2 Regional Deformation In our approach, we are performing a region wise deformation

of the template models. Deformation of whole model at once

doesn’t give a smooth and approximate model of the

customers. We are performing a regional deformation [4].

Let M be the segment of a mesh that is defined in section 2.1

A set of distinct nodes in the segment is given by

(1)

where n is the number of vertices in the segment. We use

notation

(2)

For ith point vi є V.

Let d be the deformation function[4] where d: R3 → R3 and

(3)

Here k is the number of deformation functions that will be

applied on the M and di is the new position of Vi after

deformation. ni is the normal vector of Vi which is not

changed after deformation because the deformation is in the

same direction as the normal. sj is the scale factor of the jth

deformation function where s = (sx, sy, sz), 1≤ si, i =1, 2, 3

and each component separately defines the scale factor on the Figure 2 Major Body measurement landmarks [4]

Figure 3 Regions defined on the template [4]

Figure 1 Virtual Mannequin – Block Diagram

corresponding dimension. fj is representing the jth deformation

function where f : R3 → R3, 0 ≤ f(v)i ≤ 1, i = 1, 2, 3 and L is

normalized local coordinate function where L : R3 → R

3,

0≤L(v)i≤ 1, i = 1, 2, 3.

(4)

As from the number k, two different types of deformation

functions are used per segment M. For the first type of

deformation function we use Bézier curve defined in equation

5[4]

Where C (u) is the nth

degree Bézier curve, Bi,n is the nth

degree Bernstein polynomials [2,5]. First deformation function

is defined as

(6)

where two components of the resulting triplet are equal to zero

and the third component t is equal to C(L(v)t).

For the second type of deformation function we used

angular distance of the vertex. Figure 4 is a horizontal plane

which shows this process over the left leg.

By using equation 4 we find the local coordinate of the vertex

on desired dimension. This normalized (angular) distance is

used as second deformation function’s contribution to the

equation 3. This deformation can be constrained to a single

side, namely front or back part of the origin as in Figure 5.

Therefore a half elliptic rather than a circular growth can be

achieved. This process is represented in figure 6s where the

back muscle of the leg is much more deformed compared to

the front leg.

2.3 Smoothening Deforming a segment of the template model, without any

filtering stage, will result in a discontinuous passes at the

boundaries of the regions as shown on figure 6.

To prevent such irregularities, we perform filtering over

the final displacement vectors. This stage is necessary in two

cases, firstly the default case; the boundary of the segment is

neighbors another segment, secondly; two or more segments

overlap. In both cases the boundary vertexes must be

deformed smoothly. These two cases are represented in figure

8 where the red (calf) and green (knee) segments are neighbors, the red and blue (ankle) segments are partially

overlapping.

3. RESULT As an example, template model and its deformed model is

shown in figure 7.

4. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we introduced a modeling technique in which

human models are designed using template models. Templates

are designed region wise according to anthropometric

measurement landmarks. Further, model is deformed; region

wise according to anthropometric parameters entered by user

as input the system. This approach gives us approximate

model of the human according to their size.

5. FUTURE WORKS In our approach, segmentation is done manually at design of

the template models. This segmentation can be achieved

automatically to save time in designing parts using the feature

points from one of the scanned human model.

6. REFERENCES [1] http://www.autodesk.com/maya

[2] G. G. Lorentz. Bernstein Polynomials. Chelsea Publishing

Co., New York, NY, USA, 1986.

[3] International organization for standardization.

http://www.iso.org, May 2007.

[4] M. Kasap, N. Magnenat-Thalmann. Parameterized human

body model for real-time applications. Cyberworlds 2007,

International Conference, IEEE, pp. 160-167, 24-26 October

2007

[5] S. N. Bernstein. Demonstration du theorem de weierstrass

fondee sur la calcul des probabilites. Common. Soc. Math

Khrakow, 12(2):1–2, 1912.

Figure 4 Angular Distance [4] Figure 5 Non-Linear deformation [4]

Figure 6(a) Without Filtering [4]

Figure 6(b) With Filtering [4]

Figure 7 Template Model and its Deformed Models [4]