Add me

• Moody description in Ordained of the Lord H.A. Ironside, pp. ~32-35

Age of Progress IIAge of Progress II

The Second Great Awakening: The Second Great Awakening: Finney, Moody, andFinney, Moody, and

The Rise of MormonismThe Rise of Mormonism

Early 19Early 19thth Century Churches Century Churches

• With the post-revolutionary war economic With the post-revolutionary war economic boom the USA spread westboom the USA spread west

• Along with the frontiersmen went Along with the frontiersmen went Christians, missionaries, and churches. Christians, missionaries, and churches.

• People exercised their right to religious People exercised their right to religious freedomfreedom

• The lack of a state church continued to The lack of a state church continued to increase the number of unchurched increase the number of unchurched

• Inter-denominational struggles caused Inter-denominational struggles caused strife especially in rural areasstrife especially in rural areas

Early 19Early 19thth Century Churches Century Churches• Along with the economic boom came a Along with the economic boom came a

massive increase in immigrationmassive increase in immigration• Roman Catholic numbers swelled along Roman Catholic numbers swelled along

with the immigrants, especially among the with the immigrants, especially among the German and IrishGerman and Irish

• The frontier/rural areas tended towards The frontier/rural areas tended towards mainstream protestant denominations and mainstream protestant denominations and the urban areas towards Catholicismthe urban areas towards Catholicism

• Interdenominational movements like the Interdenominational movements like the American Bible Society, American Tract American Bible Society, American Tract Society, and the American Sunday School Society, and the American Sunday School Union rose to meet the growing needsUnion rose to meet the growing needs

Early 19Early 19thth Century Churches Century Churches

• Christianity gained some state support Christianity gained some state support due to its founding of social apparatus like due to its founding of social apparatus like schools, universities, orphanages, etc.schools, universities, orphanages, etc.

• Crazy utopian communities like the Oneida Crazy utopian communities like the Oneida community emerged community emerged

Charles FinneyCharles Finney

• Born Aug. 29, 1792 in Warren, CTBorn Aug. 29, 1792 in Warren, CT

• At 2 his family moved to NY along with At 2 his family moved to NY along with many other emigrants, they were poor many other emigrants, they were poor farmers and lived in harsh conditionsfarmers and lived in harsh conditions

• He heard very little preaching growing up He heard very little preaching growing up and what he did was grammatically poorand what he did was grammatically poor

• Didn’t go to college but got a high school Didn’t go to college but got a high school education and then a Law certificationeducation and then a Law certification

• Moved to Adams, NY and led the church Moved to Adams, NY and led the church choir though still an outspoken unbelieverchoir though still an outspoken unbeliever

Charles FinneyCharles Finney

• Finney had a vision of Christ in the middle Finney had a vision of Christ in the middle of the street and began to convertof the street and began to convert

• After a day long process Finney knew he After a day long process Finney knew he was savedwas saved

• He realized that he now was to preach He realized that he now was to preach

• Began an education that was more Began an education that was more argument than learningargument than learning

• Was ordained as a Presbyterian minister, Was ordained as a Presbyterian minister, but later became Congregationalistbut later became Congregationalist

Charles FinneyCharles Finney• Finney was Semi-Armenian and Finney was Semi-Armenian and

specifically anti-Hypercalvinist due to specifically anti-Hypercalvinist due to Unitarianism’s origins in calvinistic Unitarianism’s origins in calvinistic thoughtthought

• He led a massive reform in the He led a massive reform in the methodology of revivalmethodology of revival

• Preached extemporaneously, used Preached extemporaneously, used encouragers, prayed for people by name encouragers, prayed for people by name from the pulpit, had women praying at the from the pulpit, had women praying at the front of the church, endorsed mixed front of the church, endorsed mixed gender prayer services, and ostensibly gender prayer services, and ostensibly created the modern altar call with his created the modern altar call with his “anxious bench”“anxious bench”

Charles FinneyCharles Finney• Preached massive revivals with claims of Preached massive revivals with claims of

over 500,000 getting savedover 500,000 getting saved

• Western New York became the “Burned-Western New York became the “Burned-Over District” because there was no fuel Over District” because there was no fuel left for revival thereleft for revival there

• The mass conversions weren’t all The mass conversions weren’t all absorbed by local churches and some fell absorbed by local churches and some fell by the wayside once emotion was goneby the wayside once emotion was gone

• Was a staunch abolitionist Was a staunch abolitionist

• Was to some degree involved in the Was to some degree involved in the perfectionist theology of his dayperfectionist theology of his day

Charles FinneyCharles Finney• Became professor and eventually Became professor and eventually

president of Oberlin college, the first president of Oberlin college, the first college to allow women and black people college to allow women and black people to study in classes with white malesto study in classes with white males

• Finney died in 1875Finney died in 1875

• His Christianity and the effects of his His Christianity and the effects of his ministry are still to this day hotly debatedministry are still to this day hotly debated

• To many Reformed Christians Finney is an To many Reformed Christians Finney is an arch-heretic and the doom of evangelismarch-heretic and the doom of evangelism

• To many modern Evangelicals Finney is a To many modern Evangelicals Finney is a great hero and model for revivalgreat hero and model for revival

D.L. MoodyD.L. Moody• Born Feb. 5 1837 6Born Feb. 5 1837 6thth of 9 children of 9 children

• His father died when he was 4 and his His father died when he was 4 and his mother had great difficulty keeping the mother had great difficulty keeping the family togetherfamily together

• A local Unitarian pastor came alongside A local Unitarian pastor came alongside the family and helped care for them both the family and helped care for them both spiritually and materiallyspiritually and materially

• The Moody family became ChristianThe Moody family became Christian

• At 17 he traveled to Boston, and after a At 17 he traveled to Boston, and after a period of hopeless job hunting got a job as period of hopeless job hunting got a job as a shoe salesman in his uncle’s storea shoe salesman in his uncle’s store

D.L. MoodyD.L. Moody• He was mostly illiterate, but an excellent He was mostly illiterate, but an excellent

shoe salesmanshoe salesman

• Moody converted after a visit from his Moody converted after a visit from his Sunday school teacherSunday school teacher

• After some scufuffle he was given After some scufuffle he was given membership in the churchmembership in the church

• Following his impetuous nature Moody Following his impetuous nature Moody moved to Chicago on a whimmoved to Chicago on a whim

• He made a good deal of money as a He made a good deal of money as a salesman as well as increasing his salesman as well as increasing his involvement in various works for Godinvolvement in various works for God

D.L. MoodyD.L. Moody• His love for evangelism manifested itself, His love for evangelism manifested itself,

he rented a pew and filled it weekly with he rented a pew and filled it weekly with various bums and wastrelsvarious bums and wastrels

• Began a Sunday school ministry among Began a Sunday school ministry among the children of the slums earning him the the children of the slums earning him the nickname “Crazy Moody”nickname “Crazy Moody”

• At 24 Moody submitted to his call to full At 24 Moody submitted to his call to full time ministry having lost all desire to worktime ministry having lost all desire to work

• Became very involved in the Y.M.C.ABecame very involved in the Y.M.C.A• During the Civil war Moody initiated tent During the Civil war Moody initiated tent

camp evangelism converting many camp evangelism converting many soldierssoldiers

D.L. MoodyD.L. Moody• 1867 traveled to England and met his two 1867 traveled to England and met his two

heroes Charles Spurgeon and George heroes Charles Spurgeon and George MMüllerüller

• A massive fire burned down Moody’s A massive fire burned down Moody’s school and YMCA building in Chicagoschool and YMCA building in Chicago

• He traveled to New York in order to raise He traveled to New York in order to raise funds for rebuildingfunds for rebuilding

• While in New York his soul was tormented While in New York his soul was tormented until he had a revelation and anointinguntil he had a revelation and anointing

• Traveled to England in order to refresh Traveled to England in order to refresh and increase in learningand increase in learning

D.L. MoodyD.L. Moody• In answer to a crippled girls prayers In answer to a crippled girls prayers

Moody preached in a church that saw a Moody preached in a church that saw a massive revival of over 400 new membersmassive revival of over 400 new members

• Thus began his career of mass evangelismThus began his career of mass evangelism

• Teaming up with Ira Sankey Moody Teaming up with Ira Sankey Moody traveled all over preaching revival traveled all over preaching revival wherever he wentwherever he went

• He founded several schools including the He founded several schools including the still famous Moody Bible Institutestill famous Moody Bible Institute

• It is said that in his lifetime he preached to It is said that in his lifetime he preached to over 1,000,000 people. over 1,000,000 people.

D.L. MoodyD.L. Moody• He grew old became ill with a heart He grew old became ill with a heart

conditioncondition

• Hiding the condition he preached one Hiding the condition he preached one more series of sermons in Kentuckymore series of sermons in Kentucky

• He then went home to dieHe then went home to die

• He diedHe died

22ndnd Great Awakening Great Awakening• Massive 19Massive 19thth Century revival that swept Century revival that swept

across Americaacross America

• It began with the Kentucky Revival in the It began with the Kentucky Revival in the early 1800’s and continued on in various early 1800’s and continued on in various aspects throughout the rest of the century. aspects throughout the rest of the century.

• In the frontiers the Baptists and Methodist In the frontiers the Baptists and Methodist denominations grew quickly as they were denominations grew quickly as they were the primary movers in revivalthe primary movers in revival

• More urban revivals such as took place in More urban revivals such as took place in New England under Finney and Chicago New England under Finney and Chicago under Moody were less denominational under Moody were less denominational

22ndnd Great Awakening Great Awakening• The entire awakening was marked by The entire awakening was marked by

radicalismradicalism• Especially in the frontiers people were Especially in the frontiers people were

excitable and prone to hystericsexcitable and prone to hysterics• Also gave rise to several modern day Also gave rise to several modern day

heretical movements like Mormons and heretical movements like Mormons and Jehovah’s WitnessesJehovah’s Witnesses

• Provided a platform for social change Provided a platform for social change often promoting such ideas as race often promoting such ideas as race equality and prohibitionequality and prohibition

• Many many many were saved or at least Many many many were saved or at least claimed to beclaimed to be

Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. • Born in Virginia to a down on their luck Born in Virginia to a down on their luck

family who moved around looking for workfamily who moved around looking for work

• Moved to New York along with many other Moved to New York along with many other families, eventually giving up on hard work families, eventually giving up on hard work and seeking less “difficult” means of and seeking less “difficult” means of employmentemployment

• Joseph was marked as a clever boy with a Joseph was marked as a clever boy with a knack for storytelling, but was never well knack for storytelling, but was never well educatededucated

• Supposedly at 14 he had a theophany of Supposedly at 14 he had a theophany of God the Father and Jesus God the Father and Jesus

Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. • He began spreading his tale with some He began spreading his tale with some

success, though when he began telling success, though when he began telling about it meets with mixed reportsabout it meets with mixed reports

• Functioned as an exhorter during the 1824 Functioned as an exhorter during the 1824 revival that took place in Palmyrarevival that took place in Palmyra

• Was almost baptized in the Baptist church Was almost baptized in the Baptist church in order to marry Emma Hale in order to marry Emma Hale

• 1827 the location of golden plates 1827 the location of golden plates containing the “real testament” of Jesus containing the “real testament” of Jesus Christ was revealed to him by the angel Christ was revealed to him by the angel Moroni, along with a restorationist Moroni, along with a restorationist command for the churchcommand for the church

Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. • He translated the plates by dictating to a He translated the plates by dictating to a

scribe as he translatedscribe as he translated

• Thus was the book of Mormon writtenThus was the book of Mormon written

• A good looking a charismatic man he A good looking a charismatic man he eventually gained many followerseventually gained many followers

• 1831 to avoid conflict in New York the 1831 to avoid conflict in New York the Smiths moved to Kirtland Ohio where they Smiths moved to Kirtland Ohio where they built the first Mormon templebuilt the first Mormon temple

• 1838 they fled to Missouri due to local 1838 they fled to Missouri due to local unrest and mob violence primarily due to unrest and mob violence primarily due to Smith’s polygamous practicesSmith’s polygamous practices

Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. • Moved to Independence Missouri and had Moved to Independence Missouri and had

visions that it was to be the center of Zion visions that it was to be the center of Zion in Christ’s soon to come millenniumin Christ’s soon to come millennium

• Political blocs, physical violence, and a Political blocs, physical violence, and a take over attempt made the Mormons take over attempt made the Mormons unpopular in Missouriunpopular in Missouri

• Smith was imprisoned for several months Smith was imprisoned for several months but bribed his way out with liquor and $$but bribed his way out with liquor and $$

• 1839 moved to Nauvoo Illinois where the 1839 moved to Nauvoo Illinois where the Mormons became dominant and Smith Mormons became dominant and Smith became mayorbecame mayor

Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. • 1842 Smith became a freemason1842 Smith became a freemason

• 1844 announced his candidacy for 1844 announced his candidacy for president of the USApresident of the USA

• The newly made newspaper the Nauvoo The newly made newspaper the Nauvoo Expositor complained against Smith and Expositor complained against Smith and his Polygamyhis Polygamy

• Smith ordered the paper destroyed and Smith ordered the paper destroyed and shut down violating freedom of the pressshut down violating freedom of the press

• Popular opinion rose against Smith and he Popular opinion rose against Smith and he was imprisoned in Carthage jailwas imprisoned in Carthage jail

Joseph Smith Jr. Joseph Smith Jr. • While in jail with his brother and a few While in jail with his brother and a few

followers a mob came and attacked themfollowers a mob came and attacked them

• Both Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed, Both Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed, Joseph tried to escape by jumping from Joseph tried to escape by jumping from the window and was shotthe window and was shot

• His last words were “Oh, Lord, my God,” His last words were “Oh, Lord, my God,” the beginning of a Masonic cry for helpthe beginning of a Masonic cry for help

• Smith’s death left a succession crises Smith’s death left a succession crises from which the church split, though the from which the church split, though the mainstream Mormons followed Brigham mainstream Mormons followed Brigham Young to Utah where they remainYoung to Utah where they remain