1. Adjectives

2. Adjectives An adjective is a word that tells us moreabout a noun. (By "noun" we include pronouns and noun phrases.) An adjective "qualifies" or "modifies" a noun (a big dog). We can often use two or more adjectives together (a beautiful young French lady). 3. Determiners Determiners are words like the, an, my, some. They aregrammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase. Articles: a, an, the Possessive Adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, whose Other determiners: each, every either, neither some, any, no much, many; more, most little, less, least few, fewer, fewest what, whatever; which, whichever both, half, all Several enough 4. Adjective Order There are 2 basic positions for adjectives: before the noun after some verbs (be, become, get, seem, look, feel, sound, smell, taste) 5. Adjective Before Noun We often use more than one adjective before the noun: * I like big black dogs. * She was wearing a beautiful long red dress1.First of all, the general order is: opinion, fact* a lovely new dress (not a new lovely dress) * a boring French film (not a French boring film) 6. 2. The "normal" order for fact adjectives is other / size, shape, age, colour / origin / material / purpose * a small 18th-century French coffee table. * a rectangular black wooden box. 7. 3. Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives: articles (a, the) possessives (my, your...) demonstratives (this, that...) quantifiers (some, any, few, many...) numbers (one, two, three) 8. adjectives determiner1.Twohead noun opinion adjectivesfact adjectives otherugly2.Asize, shape, origin age, colourmaterialblack wellknown3.Apurpose*guard Chinesesmall, 18thcenturyartistFrenchcoffeefabulousnew5.Alovelypink and greenThaiblackSpanishleather7.Acarsilk6.Sometablesports4.Yourbig black and white8.Thischeapdogsdress ridingboots dogplastic9.Anold10.Mynewraincoatwoodenfishingboattennisracket 9. Adjective After Verb An adjective can come after some verbs, such as: be,become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound. * The examination did not seem difficult. * Your friend looks nice. This towel feels damp. 10. Comparative Adjectives When we talk about two things, we can "compare" them. We can see if they are the same or different. Perhaps they are the same in some ways and different in other ways. We can use comparative adjectives to describe the differences. * A1 is bigger than A2. There are two ways to make or form a comparative adjective: short adjectives: add "-er" long adjectives: use "more" 11. rule: add "-er"old olderVariation: if the adjective ends in -e, just add -rlate laterVariation: if the adjective ends big bigger in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the last consonant Variation: if the adjective ends in -y, change the y to ihappy happierrule: use "more"modern more modern expensive more expensiveException The following adjectives have irregular forms: good better well (healthy) better bad worse far farther/further 12. Use of Comparative Adjectives We use comparative adjectives when talking about 2 things* America is big. But Russia is bigger. * I want to have a more powerful computer. * Is French more difficult than English? 13. Superlative Adjectives A superlative adjective expresses the extreme or highest degree of aquality. We use a superlative adjective to describe the extreme quality of one thing in a group of things.* John is the tallest. Formation of Superlative Adjectives As with comparative adjectives, there are two ways to form a superlative adjective: short adjectives: add "-est" long adjectives: use "most 14. rule: add "-est"old the oldestVariation: if the adjective ends in -e, just add -stlate the latestVariation: if the adjective ends big the biggest in consonant, vowel, consonant, double the last consonant Variation: if the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i Normal rule: use "most"happy the happiestmodern the most modern expensive the most expensive 15. Use of Superlative Adjectives We use a superlative adjective to describe one thing in a group of three or more things. * Canada, China and Russia are big countries. But Russia is the biggest. * Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.