aec · pdf fileaec & afta presented by tin tin htwe (retd. director) national afta unit...
TRANSCRIPT
AEC
&
AFTA
Presented by
Tin Tin Htwe (Retd. Director)
National AFTA Unit
Ministry of National Planning & Economic Development
tmqD,HESifh jrefrmEdkifiH
ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;toif; (ASEAN) zGJUpnf;jcif;/
tif'dkeD;&Sm;? rav;&Sm;? Zdvpfydkif? puFmyl? xdkif; -
1967 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (8)&uf/
b&lEdkif;
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH? *sumwmNrdKU(1981)
jrefrmEdkifiHESifh tuf(zf)wm
tuf(zf)wm taumiftxnfazmfrnfhumv – 1998 ckESpf rS 2008 ckESpf xd(10 ESpf)
tuf(zf)wm taumiftxnfazmf&ef toHk;jyKrnfhpepf – CEPT pHepf
(tzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;tMum; bHktusdK;wloufa&mufrnfh taumufcGefOD;pm;ay;pepf)
taumufcGefEIef;xm;rsm; 0% rS 5% twGif;avsmhcs&ef
Form (D) udktoHk;jyKrS tusdK;cHpm;cGifh&&SdrSmjzpf
qif;&JrIESifh
vlrIpD;yGm;a&;
uGJjym;rIrsm;
avQmYcsaom
wnfjidrfaom
pD;yGm;a&;zGHYjzdK;rI
tcsdK;nDpGmjzifh
,SOfjydKifrIjrifhrm;aom <u,f0csrf;omaom
pD;yGm;a&;zGHYjzdK;rI
tcsdK;nDaom
tuf(zf)wmrS tmqD,HarQmfrSef;csuf 2020 odkY
tmqD,HarQmfrSef;csuf 2020
ASEAN Vision 2020
(1997 ckeSpf? uGmvmvrfyl? tmqD,HxdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;)
bmvD uGefaumh 2 ( Bali Concord II )
(2003 ckeSpf bmvD tmqD,H xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;)
tmqD,H tokduft0ef;
(ASEAN Community)
tmqD,H
EdkifiHa&;ESifh
vkHjcKHa&;
tokduft0ef; ASEAN
Political &
Security
Community -
APSC)
tmqD,H
pD;yGm;a&;
tokduft0ef;
(ASEAN
Economic
Community –
AEC)
tmqD,H
vlrI,Ofaus;rI
tokduft0ef;
(ASEAN
Socio-Cultural
Community -
ASCC)
AEC ukd a½SUwkd;aqmif½GufoGm;&ef/ (2006 ckESpf? uGmvmvrfyl? tmqD,H pD;yGm;a&;0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;)
AEC ukd 2015 okdYa½SUwkd; taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf Bali Concord II wGifygaom
oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;? tcsuftvufrsm;eSifhukdufnDjyD; ½Sif;vif;onfh &nfrSef;csufrsm;eSifh tcsdef
Z,m;rsm;yg½Sdonfh odjrifvG,fulaom tmqD,H pD;yGm;a&; tokduft0ef;ukd azmfxkwf&ef
1997 2020 2015 2006
AEC
pDbl;aMujimcsufpmwrf;/ ( Cebu Declaration)
(2007 ckeSpf? 12 Mudrfajrmuf tmqD,H xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;)
acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm;u ASEAN Vision 2020 ESifh ASEAN Concord-2 wdkYwGif
&nfrSef;xm;onfhtwdkif; tmqD,Htodkuft0ef;udk a&SUwdk;í 2015ckESpfwGif wnfaxmif&ef
xyfrHuwdNyKcJhMuNyD; pDbl;aMunmcsufudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhMuygonf/
tmqD,H pD;yGm;a&;todkuft0ef;udk 2015ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifEdkif&eftwGuf wGef;tm;
ay;&efESifh tmqD,Ha'oudk ukefpnfrsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;? &if;ESD;NrSKyfESHrIrsm; vGwfvyfpGm
pD;qif;Edkif&efESifh uRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm; vGwfvyfpGma&TUaNymif;Edkif&ef? aiGt&if;tESD;rsm;
ydkrdkvGwfvyfpGm pD;qif;Edkifonfh a'oNzpfap&ef oabmwlcJhMuygonf/
12th ASEAN SUMMIT, 2007
Cebu Declaration
wpfckwnf;aom aps;uGufeSifh xkwfvkyfrI
tajccHa'o
,SOfjydKifekdifpGrf; jrifhrm;aom
pD;yGm;a&;a'o
pD;yGm;a&;zGHYjzdK;rI rQwaoma'o
urÇmY pD;yGm;a&;wGif tjynfht0
yg0ifaygif;pnf;rI½Sdaoma'o
AEC \oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;/
(Characteristics and Elements of AEC)
(Single Market and
Production Base)
Highly Competitive
Economic Region)
A Region of Equitable
Economic Development)
A Region fully Integrated
into the Global Economy)
AEC \oGifjyif
vu©Pmrsm;/
wpfckwnf;aomaps;uGuf ESifh xkwfvkyfrI tajccHa'o/
(Single Market and Production Base)
Single Market and Production Base
ukefpnfrsm; vGwfvyfpGm
pD;qif;apjcif;/
(Free flow of
Goods)
0efaqmifrIrsm; vGwfvyfpGm
pD;qif;apjcif
( Free flow of
Services)
&if;eSD;jrKyfeSHrIrsm; vGwfvyfpGm
pD;qif;apjcif;/
( Free flow of
Investment)
aiGa&;aMu;a&; t&if;tESD;rsm; ykdrkdvGwfvyfpGm pD;qif;apjcif;/
(Freer flow
of Capital)
uRrf;usif vkyfom;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm ajymif;a½TY apekdifjcif;/
(Free flow of
Skilled
Labour)
vGwfvyfpGm ajymif;a½TY apekdifjcif;/
(Priority
Integration
Sectors)
ukefpnfrsm; vGwfvyfpGm
pD;qif;apjcif;/
(Food,
Agriculture &
Forestry)
ukefpnfrsm;vGwfvyfpGm pD;qif;apjcif;/
(Free flow of Goods)
Free flow of Goods
ukefpnfrsm; ajzavsmhay;jcif;
( Liberalization)
ukefoG,frI vG,fulrI&Sdapjcif;
(Facilitation)
Remove customs
duties 0%
Remove NTBs
Ref: ATIGA Toriff schedule of 2013
• Harmonize customs procedure
• Establish ASEAN single window
• Operational certification procedure on CEPT scheme
• Harmonization and standardization of trade and
customs procedure
• Customs modernization
• Harmonize technical regulation and conformity
assessment procedures
Excessive and time-consuming documentary requirement irregular
and arbitrary payments for expediting customs procedure.
0efaqmifrIrsm; vGwfvyfpGm pD;qif;jcif;/
(Free Flow of Services)
- a'owGif; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf ta&;BuD;onfh u@jzpfygonf/
- tmqD,Ha'owGif; 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufvdkolrsm;twGuf
jynfwGif;wnfqJ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;rSvGJí uefYowfcsufrsm; z,f&Sm;ay;&ef/
- bPfESifh aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm; (ASEAN - X) formula/
(Banking and Financial Services)
- Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs):
7 Professionals.
1) Engineering
2) Nursing
3) Architect
4) Surveying
5) Medical Doctors
6) Dental
7) Accountancy
&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIrsm; vGwfvyfpGm pD;qif;Edkifjcif;/
(Free Flow of Investment)
- jynfwGif; twm;tqD;rsm; z,f&Sm;ay;&ef/
- &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIaumif;onfh ywf0ef;usif zefwD;ay;&ef/
- vkyfief;vkyfaqmif&ef ukefusaiGrsm; avsmhusap&ef/
tmqD,H bufpHk&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrI oabmwlpmcsKyf (2010)
vG,fulrI&Sdap&efESifh
yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef?
&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHolrsm;tm;
tumtuG,fay;&ef? ajzavsmhrIrsm;jyKvkyf&ef?
aiGaMu;t&if;tESD;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm pD;qif;apjcif;/
(Freer flow of capital)
- EdkifiHjcm;wdkuf&dkuf &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrI? t&if;tESD;ajymif;a&TUrI? t&if;tESD;aps;uGuf zGHUNzdK;rIwdkUudk
ydkrdkcGifhjyK&ef
- aiGaMu;vufrSwfxkwfa0jcif;twGuf vdktyfonfh Oya'ESifh pum;&yftoHk;tEIef;rsm;udk
ydkrdkvG,fulap&ef
uRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm vkyfudkifcGifhjyKjcif;/
(Free Flow of Skilled Labor)
- ukefpnfESifh 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;? &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrI vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufrnfh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;
0ifxGufoGm;vmrI vG,fulaponfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk tdrf&SifEdkifiH\ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;t& cGifhjyK&ef/
- e,fpyfjzwfausmf ukefoG,frIESifh &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrI jyKvkyfrnfh uRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm;ESifh toufarG;
0rf;aMumif; aqmif&Gufolrsm;twGuf ADZmESifh tvkyfvkyfudkifcGifhrsm; xkyfay;&mü vG,fulrI&Sdap&ef/
e,fpyf jzwfausmf
a&Gvsm;rI ay:vpD
tvkyform; a&GUvsm;rIqdkif&m tkyfcsKyfrIpepf/
ajymif;a&TUvkyfom;rsm;twGuf tumtuG,fay;a&;/
ajymif;a&TUtvkyform;rsm; xdrf;csKyfjcif;/
,SOfNydKifEdkifpGrf;jrifhrm;aom pD;yGm;a&;a'o/
(Competitive Economic Region)
1) ,SOfNydKifrIrl0g'/ (Competition Policy)
2) pm;oHk;olrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;jcif;/ (Consumers Protection)
3) todOmPypönf;qkdif&m rlydkifcGifh/ (Intellectual Property Rights - IPRs)
4) tajccHtaqmuftOD;qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;/
(Infrastructure Development)
5) tcGeftc/ (Taxation)
6) .E-Commerce
pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;rI rQwaoma'o/
(Equitable Economic Development)
- tmqD,HtzGJY0ifEkdifiHrsm;\jcm;em;rItvkduf toifhavsmfqkH;jzpfaprnfh tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm;
vkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ukd t&Sdefjr§ifhaqmif&Guf&ef/
- taxGaxGpD;yGm;a&;tajctaeqkd;0g;rI? b@ma&;tcuftcJjzpfrI? ykdrkdvGwfvyfaom ukefoG,frI
0ef;usif\ pdefac:rIrsm;ukd tmqD,Htao;pm;ESifhtvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm; cHEkdif&nf&Sd&eftwGuf
tm;jznfh&ef/
- tmqD,Ha'owpf0Srf;vkH; bufpkHpD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;rItwGuf tmqD,H tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm;
vkyfief;rsm;\ yg0ifrIukdwkd;jr§ifh&ef/
tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
(SME Development)
Integration into the Global Economy
FTA + 1
FTA + 3
FTA + 6
Regional Comprehensive
Economic Partnership –
RCEP (16 countries)
China
Japan
RoK
India
EU
US
Russia
Australia
New
Zealand
ASEAN FTAs with dialogue partners
- tmqD,Ha'otm; ydkrdkawmifhwif;onfh ur
a'oBuD;jzpfap&efESifh
&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIudk qGJaqmifaoma'otjzpf
qufvufwnf&Sd&ef/
- tmqD,Htaejzifh tmqD,HpD;yGm;a&; todkuf
t0ef;yHkpHyg &nfrSef;csufxuf ausmfvGef
အာဆယေဒသတြငး လြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈေဒသ ေဖာေဆာငျခငး
ASEAN Free Trade Area - AFTA
(၁) သေဘာတစာခပလကမတေရးထးျခငး
အဖြ႕၀ငေဟာငး ၆ ႏငင - ၁၉၉၂
CLMV ၄ ႏငင - အဖြ႕၀ငႏငငျဖစသညေန႔
(၂) အကးတသကေရာကမႈရသညအေကာကခြနဆငရာဥးစားေပးစနစ
ကာလ - ၁၀ႏစအတြငး
အေကာကခြနႏႈနး - ၀%-၅%
အာဆယေဒသ ျပငပရႏငငမားႏင စးပြားေရးေပါငးစညးမႈျပျခငး
• ေဆြးေႏြးဘကႏငငတစႏငငခငးစႏင လြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈ ေဒသေဖာေဆာငေရးအတြက
သေဘာတစာခပမား လကမတ ေရးထးျခငး
– (တ႐တ၊ ဂပန၊ ကရးယား၊ အႏၵယ၊ ၾသစေၾတးလႏငနယးဇလန)
ဘာေၾကာငစးပြားေရးေပါငးစညးမႈျပရသလ
(၁) Transaction Cost မားေလာနညးေစၿပး အာဆယစးပြားေရးလပငနးမားက အေထာကအကျပေစသည။
(၂) SME လပငနးမား၊ ၎တ႔၏ထတကနမားအတြက ေစးကြကအသစမားရာေဖြႏငမည
(၃) အာဆယေဒသတြငးႏင ေဒသျပငပတ႔နက႐ႈငးစြာ စးပြားေရးေပါငးစညးမႈျပျခငးျဖင အာဆယႏငငမား အတြငးသ႔ ႏငငျခားရငးႏးျမပႏမႈမား လြယကစြာစး၀ငလာႏငမညျဖစသည။
(၄) အာဆယႏငငသားမား အျခားႏငငမားတြင အလပအကင အခြငအလမးမားရရမည။
(၅) ထတလပမႈစြမးအားက ျမငတငေစၿပး စးပြားေရးဖြ႕ၿဖးတးတကမႈက ျဖစေပၚေစမည။
အာဆယေဒသတြငးႏင ေဒသျပငပလြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈဆငရာသေဘာတစာခပမား
၁။ အာဆယ ကနစညကနသြယမႈ သေဘာတစာခပ ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)
၂။ အာဆယ - တရတ လြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈေဒသ
ASEAN –China Free Trade Area(ACFTA)
၃။ အာဆယ- ကရးယား လြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈေဒသ
ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Area (AKFTA)
၄။ အာဆယ- ဂပန ဘကစစးပြားေရး မတဖကေဆာငရြကမႈ ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership
၅။ အာဆယ- အႏၵယ လြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈေဒသ
ASEAN-India Free Tade Area (AIFTA)
၆။ အာဆယ- ၾသစေၾတးလ- နယးဇလန လြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈ သေဘာတစာခပ
ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA)
အာဆယကနစညကနသြယမႈသေဘာတစာခပ (ATIGA)
• စာခပစတင သက၀ငသညႏစ - ၂၀၁၀ ျပညႏစ ေမလ
• အကး၀ငသည ကနစညမား - အေရးႀကးကနစညမားႏင ဖယထားကနစညမားမအပ
• အာဆယ (၆)ႏငင - ၂၀၁၀ ျပညႏစတြင ၀%
CLMV - ၂၀၁၅-၂၀၁၈ တြင ၀%
အာဆယ-တ႐တလြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈ သေဘာတစာခပ (ACFTA)
+
• စာခပစတင သက၀ငသညႏစ - ၂၀၀၅ခႏစ? ဇလငလ
• အကး၀ငသည ကနစညမား - ကနသြယမႈျပသည ကနစညမား၏ ၉၀%
• တ႐တႏငငႏင အာဆယ (၆)ႏငင - ၂၀၁၂ ျပညႏစတြင ၀%
CLMV - ၂၀၁၅ ၀%
• Early Harvest Programme - ၂၀၀၅-၂၀၁၀
(လယယာထြကကနႏင ေရထြကကန)
• အေရးႀကးကနစညမား - အာဆယ(၆) - ၂၀၁၈ တြင ၀%-၅%
CLMV - ၂၀၂၀ တြင ၀%-၅%
အာဆယ-ကရးယားလြတလပေသာကနသြယမႈ သေဘာတစာခပ (AKFTA)
+
• စာခပစတင သက၀ငသညႏစ - ၂၀၀၈
• အကး၀ငသည ကနစညမား - ကရးယား ၉၅% - အာဆယ ၆ - ၉၀%
• ကရးယားႏင အာဆယ ၆ - ၂၀၁၀ျပညႏစ - ၀%
CLMV - ၂၀၁၆-၂၀၁၈ - ၀%
• NT2 ပါကနစညမား - ကနစညအမယမား၏ ၅%
• ကရးယားႏငအာဆယ ၆ - ၂၀၁၂ - ၀%
CLMV - ၂၀၁၈-၂၀၂၀ - ၀%
အာဆယ - ဂပန ဘကစစးပြားေရး မတဖကေဆာငရြကမႈ (AJCEP)
+
• စာခပသက၀ငသညႏစ - ၂၀၀၈ ခႏစ
• အကး၀ငသညကနစညမား - သြငးကနမား၏ ၉၃ %
• ဂပနႏင အာဆယ ၆ - ၂၀၁၈ - ၀% (၂၀၁၀ - ၅%)
CLMV - ၂၀၂၃ - ၂၀၂၆ - ၀%
အာဆယ-အႏၵယလြတလပေသာကနသြယမႈေဒသ (AIFTA)
+
• စာခပသက၀ငသညႏစ - ၂၀၁၀ ျပညႏစ (ဖလစပင - ၂၀၁၁)
• NT1 ပါကနစညမား
India ႏင အာဆယ ၅ - ၂၀၁၃-၀%
ဖလစပင - ၂၀၁၆-၀%
CLMV - ၂၀၁၈-၀%
• NT2 ပါကနစညမား
India ႏင အာဆယ ၅ - ၂၀၁၇-၀%
ဖလစပင - ၂၀၁၉-၀%
CLMV - ၂၀၂၁-၀%
အာဆယ-ၾသစေၾတးလ-နယးဇလနလြတလပေသာ ကနသြယမႈ သေဘာတစာခပ (AANZFTA)
+ +
• စာခပစတငသက၀ငသညႏစ -၂၀၁၀ ျပညႏစ
• အကး၀ငသညကနစည - ကနစညလငးမား၏၉၅%
• Austrila + Newzeland ႏင ASEAN 5 - ၂၀၂၀ တြင ၀%
( Brunei + Malaysia + Thailand + Philippines + Vietnum )
• Cambodia + Lao + Myanmar + Indonesia - ၂၀၂၆ တြင ၀%
Lao - ၂၀၂၃ - ၈၈% ၏ ကနစည
Cambodia - ၂၀၂၄ - ၈၅% ၏ကနစည
Indonesia - ၂၀၂၅ - ၉၃% ၏ကနစည
Myanmar - ၂၀၂၆ - ၈၅% ၏ကနစည
aus;Zl;wifygonf/