african history unit 1

AfricanGeographyandHistory

EssentialQuestions ContentKnowledge

WhatarethegeographicalcharacteristicsofAfrica?Vocabulary:

WhyisAfricaconsideredthebirthplaceofhumanity

Whereandhowdidhumansoriginate?Vocabulary:

WestAfricanCivilizations

EssentialQuestion ContentKnowledge

WhyisWestAfricasignificantforAfricanAmericanhistory?Vocabulary:BerbersForestRegion

AncientGhanaAncientMaliTrade

WhatimpactdidIslamhaveonWestAfrica?Vocabulary:Arabic

IslamIndigenousReligion

HowdoesslaveryaffectWestAfrica?

EuropeansWestAfricankingdoms

Readthepassageonpage16:AlBakriDescribesKumbiSalehandGhanasRoyalCourt.1.Sketchthelayoutofthetownsbelow. 2.Labelthetownsandfeaturesaroundthem.

Answerincompletesentences.3.Describethekingsappearance.4.Describethepeoplewhoarearoundtheking.5.Describehowpeopletreatthekingdifferently.

VideopreviewDefineslaveryusingyourownwords.__________________________________________________________________________________

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Videoreflection1.Howdoesslaveryexistintheworldtoday?Provide2examples.__________________________________________________________________________________

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2.Whatsurprisedyouthemostaboutthevideo?

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Evidence Whatdoyouobserve?

Whatconceptofculturedoesthisrepresent?

"[Thesultan]hasaloftypavilion,ofwhichthedoorisinsidehishouse,wherehesitsformostofthetime....Therecameforthfromthegateofthepalaceabout300slaves,somecarryingintheirhandsbowsandothershavingintheirhandsshortlancesandshields...Thentwosaddledandbridledhorsesarebrought,withtworamswhich,theysay,areeffectiveagainsttheevileye....Dugha,theinterpreter,standsatthegateofthecouncilplacewearingfinegarmentsofsilkbrocadeandothermaterials,andonhisheadaturbanwithfringeswhichtheyhaveanovelwayofwinding....Thetroops,governors,youngmen,slaves,theMasufa,andotherssitoutsidethecouncilplaceinabroadstreetwheretherearetrees....Insidethecouncilplacebeneaththearchesamanisstanding.AnyonewhowishestoaddressthesultanaddressesDughaandDughaaddressesthatmanstandingandthatmanstandingaddressesthesultan.Ifoneofthemaddressesthesultanandthelatter[theSultan]repliesheuncoverstheclothesfromhisbackandsprinklesdustonhisheadandback,likeonewashinghimselfwithwater.Iusedtomarvelhowtheireyesdidnotbecomeblinded."IbnBattuta

WhatcanbeconcludedabouttheKingdomofMalibasedonyourobservations?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WestAfricanCivilizationsNotes

WestAfricasgreatethnicandculturaldiversitymakesitdifficulttogeneralizeaboutthesocialandculturalbackgroundofthefirstAfricanAmericans


WhatroledidgenderplayintheorganizationofWestAfricanvillagelife?Vocabulary:

Patrilineal

Matrilineal

Polygynous

Indigenous

Patrilineal

Matrilineal Extendedfamilies

Elders

Whatwasvillagelifelike?

HomesPossessionsDietLabor

GroupActivity:EachMemberinagroupwillbeassignedaroleandwillberesponsibleforthenotesforasectioninthetextbook.Afterreadingthesectiontheleaderwillberesponsibleforsharingthisinformationwithinthegroup.

WomenLeader:______________

ClassandSlaveryLeader:______________

ReligionLeader:______________

ArtandLiteratureLeader:_______________

Name:______________________________________Period:______Date:___________Unit1AfricanCivilizationsandCultureQuiz

1.WhatphysicalfeatureoccupiesmuchofNorthAfrica?_____________________________

2.IdentifythegeographicfeaturethatmostbenefitedtheEgyptiancivilization.______________

3.ListthethreeclimateregionsfoundinAfrica.__________________________________

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4.Describetheclimateinoneoftheregionsfromquestion3.

5.WhatisawayofknowingusedbytheAncientEgyptians?___________________________

6.WhatmineralwasusedascurrencyinWestAfricatrading?__________________________

7.WhatmonotheisticreligioninfluencedthelanguageandcultureofWestAfrica?___________

8.Asonwouldnotsucceedhisfatherina_____________________lineage.

9.WhatisacommonformofgovernanceinAfricancivilizations?______________________

10.HowdidWestAfricanspreservememories?___________________________________

Name:______________________________________Period:______Date:___________Unit1AfricanCivilizationsandCultureQuiz

1.WhatphysicalfeatureoccupiesmuchofNorthAfrica?_____________________________

2.IdentifythegeographicfeaturethatmostbenefitedtheEgyptiancivilization.______________

3.ListthethreeclimateregionsfoundinAfrica.__________________________________

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4.Describetheclimateinoneoftheregionsfromquestion3.

5.WhatisawayofknowingusedbytheAncientEgyptians?___________________________

6.WhatmineralwasusedascurrencyinWestAfricatrading?__________________________

7.WhatmonotheisticreligioninfluencedthelanguageandcultureofWestAfrica?___________

8.Asonwouldnotsucceedhisfatherina_____________________lineage.

9.WhatisacommonformofgovernanceinAfricancivilizations?______________________

10.HowdidWestAfricanspreservememories?___________________________________

Ch.21MiddlePassage


HowdidthearrivalofEuropeansaffectAfrica?Vocabularycolonization

ColonizationWho?Why?Where?IndigenousPeople

HowdidtheslavetradeinAfricadifferfromtheAtlanticslavetrade?Vocabularychattel

________________and_______________wereancientphenomenathatexistedinallcultures.ThebeginningWasraceafactorintheearlyslavetrade?

Whatwasthetriangletrade?VocabularyAtlanticSlaveTradeTriangleTrade1.2.

SlaveTradeinAfrica AtlanticSlaveTrade

Ch.22FromCapturetoDestination


HowdidAfricanscometobeenslaved?factories

WarfarePurposeoffactories

WhathappenedtoAfricansbetweencaptureanddeparturefortheAmericas?

FamiliesandEthnicgroupsweredividedasmuchaspossible.Why?

Whatwasthemiddlepassage?slavers

Bythenumbers12million350600

90

Writeathesisstatement.Refertothepaperguidelinesandcreateathesisstatementforyourpaper.__________________________________________________________________________

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Unit1EssayFormatIntroductionTheHookUseaninterestingfact,anumber,aquote,oraquestiontostartyouressay. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.StateyourThesisWhatareyougoingtotryandprove?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Whatexamplesareyougoingtousetoproveyourthesis?#1.__________________________________________________________________________.#2.__________________________________________________________________________.BodyParagraph#1.Describetheexample,usedetailsandexplainhowitsupportsthethesis._______________________________________________________________________________

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BodyParagraph#2.Describetheexample,usedetailsandexplainhowitsupportsthethesis._______________________________________________________________________________

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ConclusionRecapyourtopic,examplesandyourthesis.

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Chapter23LandingandSaleinWestIndies


WhathappenedtoAfricansaftercrossingtheAtlantic?planters

RestSalePlantation

Whatwasseasoningandwhywasitused?SeasoningCreolesnewAfricans

SeasoningCreoles

driver/greatgang

WhydidtheAtlanticslavetradeend?

Religious/MoralObjection

$Industryvs.Agriculture

ReviewforTestStudyvocabulary1. WhataretheclimateregionsofAfrica?___________________________2. HowdidtheNileshapeEgyptianculture?_________________________3. WhatallowedwesternAfricansocietiestoflourish?_________________4. Whatisthedifferencebetweenpatrilinealand

matrilineal?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Whatisslavery?Howlonghasitexisted?_____________________________________________________

6. DescribeAfricanslavetradevs.Atlanticslavetrade.7. WhowasinvolvedintheAtlanticslavetrade?8. Describethemiddlepassage.

Name(5points):______________________________________Period:___________Date:_______Unit1Exam1Respondtothefollowingquestionsprompts.Remembertousedetails.Pointswillbedeductedformissingandincorrectdetails.20pts.each

1. IdentifytwogeographicfeaturesonthecontinentofAfrica.anddescribehoweachofthemaffectedAncientAfricancivilization.

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2. DescribehowtradechangedAfricancivilizations.Useatleasttwo

examplesinyourdescription.___________________________________________________________

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3. ExplainhowthearrivalofEuropeansintheNewWorldaffected

AfricansinAfrica.Usetwodetailstosupportyourexplanation.___________________________________________________________

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Rewritethefollowingstatementtomakeitcorrectusingwhatyouknowaboutvocabularyandcontent. 4. Patrilinealsuccessionensuredleadershipstayedwiththefemale

sideofthefamily.__________________________________________________________5. ArabicisanindigenouslanguagetoAfrica.

__________________________________________________________6. Slaveryisarelativelynewphenomenonintheworld.

__________________________________________________________7. TheAfricanslavetradedescribeshowgoodsandslaveswere

tradedthroughoutEurope,AfricaandtheNewWorld. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. ThenumberofslavesthatweretransportedtotheNewWorld

numberinthethousands. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. Thedesertwouldbebestdescribedasagrasslandwithfewtrees.

__________________________________________________________10. NearlyofallcapturedAfricansdidnotsurvivethemiddle

passage.__________________________________________________________

Chapter32AfricansArriveintheChesapeake


HowwaslaboracquiredintheChesapeakeregion?indenturedservant

JamestownIndenturedservants

WhatroledidindenturedservitudeplayintheearlyeconomyoftheChesapeakecolonies?chattelslavery

TobaccoplantationstheunthinkingdecisionCauses:

WhateconomicanddemographicdevelopmentsledtotheenslavementofpeopleofAfricandescent?

ChangesinindenturedservitudeChangestoslavelabor1662Partussequiturventrem



HowwaslaboracquiredintheChesapeakeregion?indenturedservant

JamestownIndenturedservants

WhatroledidindenturedservitudeplayintheearlyeconomyoftheChesapeakecolonies?chattelslavery

TobaccoplantationstheunthinkingdecisionCauses:

WhateconomicanddemographicdevelopmentsledtotheenslavementofpeopleofAfricandescent?

ChangesinindenturedservitudeChangestoslavelabor1662Partussequiturventrem

SummarizehowandwhyindenturedservitudewasreplacedbyslaveryintheChesapeakecolonies.Use3detailsfromyourtimeline.___________________________________________________________________

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Summarizehowandwhyindenturedservitudewasreplacedbyslaveryinthe

Chesapeakecolonies.Use3detailsfromyourtimeline.

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Whatwerethecharacteristicsofplantationslavery?

Smallfarm

Largeplantation

Whatwereconditionslikeinthetobaccocolonies?

Indenturedservitudegavewaytoslavery

Whatwerethecharacteristicsoflowcountryslavery?

Population

Crops

Laws

Creoleculture

Howdoesinterracialcontactshapepeopleinthecolonies?mulattoes

miscegenationcreolizationinterracialmarriage

ReadthedescriptionofthedailylifeofAfricanAmericansonpage8586.Recorddetailsabouttheirlifeinthetablebelow.

Housing

Possessions

Clothing

Food

Chapter34


WhatmajorelementsofWestAfricanculturewereretainedandpassedontothenextgenerations?

Whatwaslost?Whatwasretained?

Family(8889) kinrelationshipsnamingpracticesreligion

TheGreatAwakening(p.9091)

Whatwasit?RaceandclassBeliefs

LanguageMusicandLiterature(p.9192)

Dialectscreolewords:Musicstories

ImpactonColonialculture(p.94)Leader:

LanguageFoodLabor

Whatare3waysthatfamilyandkinrelationshipsshapeAfricanAmericanculture?1. 2. 3.

Whatmajorelementsofculturewerepassedfromgenerationtogeneration?

WhywereAfricanAmericansnotpermittedtopracticeChristianitybefore1750?

HowdidcolonialculturechangeasaresultofAfricanAmericaninfluence?

Chapter35SlaveryinColonialAmerica


WhatwasslaverylikeinNortherncolonies?Quakersslavecodeassimilation

SlaveryinCulture NewEngland

MiddleColoniesPopulation

WhatwasslaverylikeinSouthernColonies?acculturatedoutliersmaroons

SlaveryinCulturePopulation

EvaluationQuestions Comments/Score

ContentDoesitachieveitspurpose?Arethereenoughdetails?Aretheideasrelatedtothetopic?

40

OrganizationAreideasanddetailsarrangedinaneffectiveorder?Aretheconnectionsbetweenideas,sentencesandparagraphsclear?

40

StyleIsthemeaningofeachsentenceclear?Dosentencesreadsmoothly?

10

GrammarandUsageIsthepaperfreeofproblemsingrammarandusage?

10

Chapter41


WhatwasthecrisisintheBritishEmpire?

WarwithFranceWars________________._____________shouldpayforthewar.

WhatBritishpoliciesinthe1760sledtoresentmentinthecolonies?

ProclamationLineSugarActStampActTownshendAct

WhowasCrispusAttucks?

EarlylifeBostonMassacreMartyrandVillain?

Chapter42TheDeclarationofIndependenceandAfricanAmericans

EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

WhatinfluencedidtheideasoftheEnlightenmenthaveonIndependence?Enlightenmentnaturallaws

AgeofReasonJohnLockenaturalrights____________,___________and__________Governmentsrole

WhatdidtheDeclarationofIndependencemeantoAfricanAmericans?

Slaverywasusedtodescribe____________________SlavesandFreeAfricanAmericans

In1770,CrispusAttucks,ablackman,becamethefirstcasualtyoftheAmericanRevolutionwhenhewasshotandkilledinwhatbecameknownastheBostonMassacre.AlthoughAttuckswascreditedastheleaderandinstigatoroftheevent,debateragedforoverascenturyastowhetherhewasaheroandapatriot,orarabblerousingvillain.

Attucks'occupationmadehimparticularlyvulnerabletothepresenceoftheBritish.Asaseaman,hefelttheeverpresentdangerofimpressmentintotheBritishnavy.Asalaborer,hefeltthecompetitionfromBritishtroops,whooftentookparttimejobsduringtheiroffdutyhoursandworkedforlowerwages.AfightbetweenBostonropemakersandthreeBritishsoldiersonFriday,March2,1770setthestageforalaterconfrontation.ThatfollowingMondaynight,tensionsescalatedwhenasoldierenteredapubtolookforwork,andinsteadfoundagroupofangryseamenthatincludedAttucks.

Thateveningagroupofaboutthirty,describedbyJohnAdamsas"amotleyrabbleofsaucyboys,negroesandmolattoes,Irishteaguesandoutlandishjacktarrs,"begantauntingtheguardatthecustomhousewithsnowballs,sticksandinsults.Sevenotherredcoatscametothelonesoldier'srescue,andAttuckswasoneoffivemenkilledwhentheyopenedfire.

A"CrispusAttucksDay"wasinauguratedbyblackabolitionistsin1858,andin1888,theCrispus

AttucksMonumentwaserectedontheBostonCommon,despitetheoppositionoftheMassachusettsHistoricalSocietyandtheNewEnglandHistoricGenealogicalSociety,whichregardedAttucksasavillain.

Thedebatenotwithstanding,Attucks,immortalizedas"thefirsttodefy,thefirsttodie,"hasbeen

laudedasatruemartyr,"thefirsttopourouthisbloodasapreciouslibationonthealtarofapeople'srights."

TheacronymAPPARTSprovidesstudentswithpromptsthatgivesthemaformatfordissectingandanalyzingprimarysources.Oncestudentsarecomfortableusingthisstrategytheywillhaveavaluableanalyticaltool.Author:Whocreatedthesource?Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?Whatistheauthor'spointofview?Placeandtime:Whereandwhenwasthesourceproduced?Howmightthisaffectthemeaningofthesource?Priorknowledge:Beyondinformationabouttheauthorandthecontextofitscreation,whatdoyouknowthatwouldhelpyoufurtherunderstandtheprimarysource?Forexample,doyourecognizeanysymbolsandrecallwhattheyrepresent?Audience:Forwhomwasthesourcecreatedandhowmightthisaffectthereliabilityofthesource?Reason:Whywasthissourceproduced,andhowmightthisaffectthereliabilityofthesource?Themainidea:Whatpointisthesourceistryingtoconvey?Significance:Whyisthissourceimportant?Askyourself"Sowhat?"inrelationtothequestionasked

Name:ExitTicket

WhatweretwocausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

WhathappenedattheBostonMassacre?

HowwouldyoudescribeCrispusAttucks?

Name:ExitTicket




Name:ExitTicket




Name:ExitTicket




Name:ExitTicket




Chapter42TheDeclarationofIndependenceandAfricanAmericans


WhatinfluencedidtheideasoftheEnlightenmenthaveonIndependence?Enlightenmentnaturallaws

AgeofReasonJohnLockenaturalrights____________,___________and__________Governmentsrole

WhatdidtheDeclarationofIndependencemeantoAfricanAmericans?

Slaverywasusedtodescribe____________________SlavesandFreeAfricanAmericans

TheacronymAPPARTSprovidesstudentswithpromptsthatgivesthemaformatfordissectingandanalyzingprimarysources.Oncestudentsarecomfortableusingthisstrategytheywillhaveavaluableanalyticaltool.Author:Whocreatedthesource?Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?Whatistheauthor'spointofview?Placeandtime:Whereandwhenwasthesourceproduced?Howmightthisaffectthemeaningofthesource?Priorknowledge:Beyondinformationabouttheauthorandthecontextofitscreation,whatdoyouknowthatwouldhelpyoufurtherunderstandtheprimarysource?Forexample,doyourecognizeanysymbolsandrecallwhattheyrepresent?Audience:Forwhomwasthesourcecreatedandhowmightthisaffectthereliabilityofthesource?Reason:Whywasthissourceproduced,andhowmightthisaffectthereliabilityofthesource?Themainidea:Whatpointisthesourceistryingtoconvey?Significance:Whyisthissourceimportant?Askyourself"Sowhat?"inrelationtothequestionasked

Name:____________________________________1. WhatEnlightenmentideasinfluencedtheAmericanRevolution?

2. AccordingtoLocke,theroleofthegovernmentwasto_______________andifitdidnotdo

thisthen______________________________.3. WhywereAfricanAmericanshopefulabouttheRevolution?

Rev'dandhonor'dSir,IhavethisDayreceivedyourobligingkindEpistle,andamgreatlysatisfiedwithyourReasonsrespectingtheNegroes,andthinkhighlyreasonablewhatyouofferinVindicationoftheirnaturalRights:ThosethatinvadethemcannotbeinsensiblethatthedivineLightischasingawaythethickDarknesswhichbroodsovertheLandofAfricaandtheChaoswhichhasreign'dsolong,isconvertingintobeautifulOrder,and[r]evealsmoreandmoreclearly,thegloriousDispensationofcivilandreligiousLiberty,whicharesoinseparablyLimited,thatthereislittleornoEnjoymentofoneWithouttheother:Otherwise,perhaps,theIsraeliteshadbeenlesssolicitousfortheirFreedomfromEgyptianslaveryIdonotsaytheywouldhavebeencontentedwithoutit,bynomeans,forineveryhumanBreast,GodhasimplantedaPrinciple,whichwecallLoveofFreedomitisimpatientofOppression,andpantsforDeliveranceandbytheLeaveofourmodernEgyptiansIwillassert,thatthesamePrinciplelivesinus.GodgrantDeliveranceinhisownWayandTime,andgethimhonouruponallthosewhoseAvariceimpelsthemtocountenanceandhelpforwardtileCalamitiesoftheirfellowCreatures.ThisIdesirenotfortheirHurt,buttoconvincethemofthestrangeAbsurdityoftheirConductwhoseWordsandActionsaresodiametrically,opposite.HowwelltheCryforLiberty,andthereverseDispositionfortheexerciseofoppressivePoweroverothersagree,IhumblythinkitdoesnotrequirethePenetrationofaPhilosophertodetermine.PhyllisWheatlyTheConnecticutGazette,March11,1774APPARTs

Chapter43AfricanAmericansintheWarforIndependence


WhatrolesdidAfricanAmericansplayintheWarforIndependence?

AfricanAmericansfoughtfor___________and____________.EarlyBattlesAprilJune1775July1775

WhydidsomeAfricanAmericanssupporttheLoyalists?Loyalist

Britishrecruited________________,promising________________iftheyfoughtforthem.Whatdidthiscause?

WhydidsomeAfricanAmericanssupportthePatriots?Patriot

Dec.1775NoguaranteesOnlyMaryland

DunmoreAPPARTS

Author

PlaceandTime

PriorKnowledge

Audience

Reason

TheMainIdea

Significance

Name:1) WhatsidewasDunmorerecruitingslavestofightfor?2) Whodidthisharmandwhydiditharmthem?

3) WhathappensasaresultofDunmoresproclamation

Ch.45RevolutionandEmancipation

EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

HowdidtheRevolutionweakenslavery?

North_____________________,__________________and___________________encouragedstatestoabolishslavery.South______________slavepopulationsandlarge______________________outweighed_________reasonstoabolishslavery.

HowmightoneexplainQuakerinvolvementintheantislaverymovement?

Quakersemphasize___________,________________and__________________. 1758

WhateconomicchallengesdidnewlyfreedblackpeoplefaceaftertheRevolution?

Lacked______________________tobecomeindependent__________________,___________,or___________________. Manywereforcedtoremainwith__________________

Ch.45RevolutionandEmancipation

EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

HowdidtheRevolutionweakenslavery?

North_____________________,__________________and___________________encouragedstatestoabolishslavery.South______________slavepopulationsandlarge______________________outweighed_________reasonstoabolishslavery.

HowmightoneexplainQuakerinvolvementintheantislaverymovement?

Quakersemphasize___________,________________and__________________. 1758

WhateconomicchallengesdidnewlyfreedblackpeoplefaceaftertheRevolution?

Lacked______________________tobecomeindependent__________________,___________,or___________________. Manywereforcedtoremainwith__________________

SIR,IAMfullysensibleofthegreatnessofthatfreedom,whichItakewithyouonthepresentoccasionalibertywhichseemedtomescarcelyallowable,whenIreflectedonthatdistinguishedanddignifiedstationinwhichyoustand,andthealmostgeneralprejudiceandprepossession,whichissoprevalentintheworldagainstthoseofmycomplexion.Isupposeitisatruthtoowellattestedtoyou,toneedaproofhere,thatwearearaceofbeings,whohavelonglaboredundertheabuseandcensureoftheworldthatwehavelongbeenlookeduponwithaneyeofcontemptandthatwehavelongbeenconsideredratherasbrutishthanhuman,andscarcelycapableofmentalendowments.Sir,IhopeImaysafelyadmit,inconsequenceofthatreportwhichhathreachedme,thatyouareamanfarlessinflexibleinsentimentsofthisnature,thanmanyothersthatyouaremeasurablyfriendly,andwelldisposedtowardsusandthatyouarewillingandreadytolendyouraidandassistancetoourrelief,fromthosemanydistresses,andnumerouscalamities,towhichwearereduced.NowSir,ifthisisfoundedintruth,Iapprehendyouwillembraceeveryopportunity,toeradicatethattrainofabsurdandfalseideasandopinions,whichsogenerallyprevailswithrespecttousandthatyoursentimentsareconcurrentwithmine,whichare,thatoneuniversalFatherhathgivenbeingtousallandthathehathnotonlymadeusallofoneflesh,butthathehathalso,withoutpartiality,affordedusallthesamesensationsandendowedusallwiththesamefacultiesandthathowevervariablewemaybeinsocietyorreligion,howeverdiversifiedinsituationorcolor,weareallofthesamefamily,andstandinthesamerelationtohim......This,Sir,wasatimewhenyouclearysawintotheinjusticeofastateofslavery,andinwhichyouhadjustapprehensionsofthehorrorsofitscondition.Itwasnowthatyourabhorrencethereofwassoexcited,thatyoupubliclyheldforththistrueandinvaluabledoctrine,whichisworthytoberecordedandrememberedinallsucceedingages:``Weholdthesetruthstobeselfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequalthattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,andthatamongtheseare,life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.''Herewasatime,inwhichyourtenderfeelingsforyourselveshadengagedyouthustodeclare,youwerethenimpressedwithproperideasofthegreatviolationofliberty,andthefreepossessionofthoseblessings,towhichyouwereentitledbynaturebut,Sir,howpitiableisittoreflect,thatalthoughyouweresofullyconvincedofthebenevolenceoftheFatherofMankind,andofhisequalandimpartialdistributionoftheserightsandprivileges,whichhehathconferreduponthem,thatyoushouldatthesametimecounteracthismercies,indetainingbyfraudandviolencesonumerousapartofmybrethren,undergroaningcaptivityandcrueloppression,thatyoushouldatthesametimebefoundguiltyofthatmostcriminalact,whichyouprofessedlydetestedinothers,withrespecttoyourselves.Andnow,Sir,Ishallconclude,andsubscribemyself,withthemostprofoundrespect,Yourmostobedienthumbleservant,

BENJAMINBANNEKER.August19.1791(excerptfromsource:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2h71t.html)

Unit1ConceptandWritingAssessment1. APPARTSforBannekersletter

A

P

P

A

R

T

S

a. WhyisBannekerwritingtoJefferson?________________________________

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b. WhatargumentsdoesheuseinhiswritingtorefuteJeffersonsclaims?

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2. HowdidtheEnlightenmentaffectAfricanAmericansduringtherevolutionaryera?

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3. Describethedifferencebetweenindenturedservantsandslaves.

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4. Describehowindenturedservitudewasreplacedbyslavery.Provide2

specificreasonsthatdescribewhythishappened.

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Chapter51SlaveryBeginstoUnfold


WhatforcesworkedforblackfreedomaftertheRevolution?

Economic$MoralsLegal

HowdidEmancipationoccurintheNorth?emancipation

WhyistheNorthwestOrdinanceimportant?

TheArticlesofConfederationdid______________TheNorthwestOrdinancemade_________________.A__________and____________differencecontinueswest.

1. WhatdidtheArticlesofConfederationdo?2. HowdidtheNorthwestOrdinancechangeslavery?

3. Whatstatesabolishedslaveryinthe1700s?

(RepresentativesanddirectTaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectiveNumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholeNumberoffreePersons,includingthoseboundtoServiceforaTermofYears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherPersons.)U.S.ConstitutionArticle1Section2

Rewriteinyourwords

TheMigrationorImportationofsuchPersonsasanyoftheStatesnowexistingshallthinkpropertoadmit,shallnotbeprohibitedbytheCongresspriortotheYearonethousandeighthundredandeight,butaTaxordutymaybeimposedonsuchImportation,notexceedingtendollarsforeachPersonU.S.ConstitutionArticle1Section9

Rewriteinyourwords

APersonchargedinanyStatewithTreason,Felony,orotherCrime,whoshallfleefromJustice,andbefoundinanotherState,shallonDemandoftheexecutiveAuthorityoftheStatefromwhichhefled,bedeliveredup,toberemovedtotheStatehavingJurisdictionoftheCrime.NoPersonheldtoServiceorLabourinoneState,undertheLawsthereof,escapingintoanother,shall,inConsequenceofanyLaworRegulationtherein,bedischargedfromsuchServiceorLabour,butshallbedelivereduponClaimofthePartytowhomsuchServiceorLabourmaybedue.U.S.ConstitutionArticle4Section2

Rewriteinyourwords

1. WhendoyouthinkthatslaverycouldbeabolishedbasedontheConstitution?

2. HowdoestheConstitutionprotectslavery?

3. DescribehowtheConstitutionrecognizesthestatusofslaveswhencountingpopulation?

Did African-American Slaves Rebel? byHenryLouisGates,Jr.|OriginallypostedonTheRootOneofthemostperniciousallegationsmadeagainsttheAfricanAmericanpeoplewasthatourslaveancestorswereeitherexceptionallydocileorcontentandloyal,thusexplainingtheirpurportedfailuretorebelextensively.SomeevencompareenslavedAmericanstotheirbrothersandsistersinBrazil,Cuba,SurinameandHaiti,thelastofwhomdefeatedthemostpowerfularmyintheworld,Napoleonsarmy,becomingthefirstslavesinhistorytosuccessfullystrikeablowfortheirownfreedom.AsthehistorianHerbertApthekerinformsusinAmericanNegroSlaveRevolts,nooneputthisdishonest,nakedlyproslaveryargumentmorebaldlythantheHarvardhistorianJamesSchoulerin1882,whoattributedthisspuriousconclusiontotheinnatepatience,docility,andchildlikesimplicityofthenegrowho,hefelt,wasanimitatorandnonmoralist,learningdeceitandlibertinismwithfacility,beingeasilyintimidated,incapableofdeepplotsinshort,Negroeswereablackservilerace,sensuous,stupid,brutish,obedienttothewhip,childreninimagination.Considerhowbizarrethiswas:ItwasntenoughthatslaveshadbeensubjugatedunderaharshandbrutalregimefortwoandahalfcenturiesfollowingthecollapseofReconstruction,thisschoolofhistoriansunapologeticallysupportiveofslaverykickedtheslavesagainfornotrisingupmorefrequentlytokilltheiroppressivemasters.Andlestwethinkthatthisphenomenonwasrelegatedto19thandearly20thcenturyscholars,aslateas1959,StanleyElkinsdrewapictureoftheslavesasinfantilizedSambosinhisbookSlavery:AProbleminAmericanInstitutionalandIntellectualLife,reducedtothestatusofthepassive,perpetualchildbytheseverelyoppressiveformofAmericanslavery,andthusunabletorebel.RarelycanIthinkofacolder,nastiersetofclaimsthantheseaboutthelackofcourageormanhoodoftheAfricanAmericanslaves.So,didAfricanAmericanslavesrebel?Ofcoursetheydid.Asearlyas1934,ouroldfriendJoelA.Rogersidentified33slaverevolts,includingNatTurners,inhis100AmazingFacts.Andnineyearslater,thehistorianHerbertApthekerpublishedhispioneeringstudy,AmericanNegroSlaveRevolts,tosettherecordstraight.Apthekerdefinedaslaverevoltasanactioninvolving10ormoreslaves,withfreedomastheapparentaim[and]contemporaryreferenceslabelingtheeventasanuprising,plot,insurrection,ortheequivalentofthese.Inall,Apthekersays,hehasfoundrecordsofapproximatelytwohundredandfiftyrevoltsandconspiraciesinthehistoryofAmericanNegroslavery.Otherscholarshavefoundasmanyas313.LetsconsiderthefivegreatestslaverebellionsintheUnitedStates,aboutwhichDonaldYacovoneandIwriteintheforthcomingcompanionbooktomynewPBSseries,TheAfricanAmericans:ManyRiverstoCross.1.StonoRebellion,1739.TheStonoRebellionwasthelargestslaverevolteverstagedinthe13colonies.OnSunday,Sept.9,1739,adayfreeoflabor,about20slavesundertheleadershipofamannamedJemmyprovidedwhiteswithapainfullessonontheAfricandesireforliberty.Manymembersofthegroupwereseasonedsoldiers,eitherfromtheYamaseeWarorfromtheirexperienceintheirhomesinAngola,wheretheywerecapturedandsold,andhadbeentrainedintheuseofweapons.TheygatheredattheStonoRiverandraidedawarehouselikestore,Hutchensons,executingthewhiteownersandplacingtheirvictimsheadsonthestoresfrontstepsforalltosee.Theymovedontootherhousesinthearea,killingtheoccupantsandburningthestructures,marchingthroughthecolonytowardSt.Augustine,Fla.,whereunderSpanishlaw,theywouldbefree.Asthemarchproceeded,notallslavesjoinedtheinsurrectioninfact,somehungbackandactuallyhelpedhidetheirmasters.Butmanyweredrawntoit,andtheinsurrectionistssoonnumberedabout100.TheyparadeddownKingsHighway,accordingtosources,carrying

bannersandshouting,Liberty!lukangointheirnativeKikongo,awordthatwouldhaveexpressedtheEnglishidealsembodiedinlibertyand,perhaps,salvation.TheslavesfoughtofftheEnglishformorethanaweekbeforethecolonistsralliedandkilledmostoftherebels,althoughsomeverylikelyreachedFortMose.EvenafterColonialforcescrushedtheStonouprising,outbreaksoccurred,includingtheverynextyear,whenSouthCarolinaexecutedatleast50additionalrebelslaves.2.GabrielsConspiracy,1800.Bornpropheticallyin1776ontheProsserplantation,justsixmilesnorthofRichmond,Va.,andhome(tousethetermloosely)to53slaves,aslavenamedGabrielwouldhatchaplot,withfreedomasitsgoal,thatwasemblematicoftheerainwhichhelived.Askilledblacksmithwhostoodmorethansixfeettallanddressedinfineclotheswhenhewasawayfromtheforge,Gabrielcutanimposingfigure.Butwhatdistinguishedhimmorethanhisphysicalbearingwashisabilitytoreadandwrite:Only5percentofSouthernslaveswereliterate.OtherslaveslookeduptomenlikeGabriel,andGabrielhimselffoundinspirationintheFrenchandSaintDominguerevolutionsof1789.Heimbibedthepoliticalfervoroftheeraandconcluded,albeiterroneously,thatJeffersoniandemocraticideologyencompassedtheinterestsofblackslavesandwhiteworkingmenalike,who,united,couldopposetheoppressiveFederalistmerchantclass.SpurredonbytwolibertymindedFrenchsoldiershemetinatavern,Gabrielbegantoformulateaplan,enlistinghisbrotherSolomonandanotherservantontheProsserplantationinhisfightforfreedom.WordquicklyspreadtoRichmond,othernearbytownsandplantationsandwellbeyondtoPetersburgandNorfolk,viafreeandenslavedblackswhoworkedthewaterways.Gabrieltookatremendousriskinlettingsomanyblackpeoplelearnofhisplans:Itwasnecessaryasameansofattractingsupporters,butitalsoexposedhimtothepossibilityofbetrayal.Regardless,Gabrielpersevered,aimingtorallyatleast1,000slavestohisbannerofDeathorLiberty,aninversionofthefamedcryoftheslaveholdingrevolutionaryPatrickHenry.WithincredibledaringandnavetGabrieldeterminedtomarchtoRichmond,takethearmoryandholdGov.JamesMonroehostageuntilthemerchantclassbenttotherebelsdemandsofequalrightsforall.HeplannedhisuprisingforAugust30andpublicizeditwell.Butonthatday,oneoftheworstthunderstormsinrecentmemorypummeledVirginia,washingawayroadsandmakingtravelallbutimpossible.Undeterred,Gabrielbelievedthatonlyasmallbandwasnecessarytocarryouttheplan.Butmanyofhisfollowerslostfaith,andhewasbetrayedbyaslavenamedPharoah,whofearedretributioniftheplotfailed.TherebellionwasbarelyunderwaywhenthestatecapturedGabrielandseveralcoconspirators.TwentyfiveAfricanAmericans,worthabout$9,000orsomoneythatcashstrappedVirginiasurelythoughtitcouldillaffordwerehangedtogetherbeforeGabrielwenttothegallowsandwasexecuted,alone.


Howwouldwedescribefreeblackleadersintheearly1800s?

ClergyBusinessmen

WhatpracticalobstaclesstoodinthewayofmassmigrationtoAfrica?

FreetownAmericanColonizationSocietygoalsLiberia

HowdidtherevolutioninHaitiinspireslaveuprisings?

ToussaintLouverture____________fleefromHaititoSouthwhere__________broughtthespiritofRevolution.

DidAfricanAmericanslavesRebel?1. Whatmisconceptiondo

peoplehaveaboutslaverebellions?

Examplesanddetails

StonoRebellionDetailsandsummary

GabrielsConspiracyDetailsandSummary

pg.164Whatisthereactiontoslaveuprisingsandhowdidthatshapesouthernculture?

african history unit 1

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