After the War – The Effects

Chapter 23-5 Terms

• Fourteen Points:– The peace plan, proposed by Woodrow Wilson, to end

World War I and restructure the countries of Europe

• League of Nations:– An association of nations created to preserve peace and

resolve international disputes

• Reparations:– Payments made by the losing country in a war for damages

caused by the war

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson

-Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan focused on:

-boundary changes - international relations (how countries respond to one another)-Self-determination

-The right of the people to decide how they are governed

-League of Nations

League of Nations-Wilson’s Final Point

- The League’s members would help preserve peace and prevent future wars

The Peace Conference-Big 4

-U.S. (Wilson), Great Britain (George), France (Clemenceau), and Italy (Orlando)

-European leaders weren’t happy with The Fourteen Points

-To forgiving and trusting

- Wilson made many concessions (gave up) in his Fourteen Points

- Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versaillies

Treaty of Versailles

-Germany accepted responsibility and had to pay billions in reparations- Germany had to completely disarm- Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia’s borders were changed to create new nations

- Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland

Opposition at Home- Much of Congress had issues with the treaty.- Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate changed much of the treaty- The treaty and the League of Nations were both rejected in the Senate-America signed individual treaties with nations and never joins the League of nations

Mental Effects After the War-Shell Shock (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)

-Soldiers with trauma of life in the trenches

- Tics-Soldiers had involuntary body twitches

- Disillusionment with the government

- People no longer believed their government knew what was in their best interest

Cost of the War-World War I killed more people--9 million combatants and 5 million civilians

- cost more money--$186 billion in direct costs and another $151 billion in indirect costs--than any previous war in history.

Boundaries of Europe Changed

Europe 1914 – Before the War Europe 1920 – After the War