age of enlightenment
DESCRIPTION
Age of Enlightenment. “If it’s too loud, you’re too old”. Birth of Reformation - what does reform mean? Old way of thinking: Existing laws/ideas were established thru religion or gov’t. Don’t question existing ideas – proven & accepted. Old ways of thinking = . Outdated. Uneducated (?). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Birth of Reformation - what does reform mean?
Old way of thinking:Existing laws/ideas were established thru religion or gov’t.
Don’t question existing ideas – proven & accepted.
Old ways of thinking =
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
• Outdated• Uneducated (?)• Stale
People in Europe begin questioning everything in life (gov’t, religion, law, etc.)
New way of investigating life is called the Enlightenment.
This new way of thinking led to a complete overhaul in European life.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Ideas from philosophers of the era:Right to life, liberty, and propertyFreedom of speechSocial contract between gov’t & peopleSeparation of powers
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Sound familiar?
Foundation of future democratic societies!!
Despite the belief that men should be treated equally – women were not held to same belief.
Women were excluded from:EducationWorkPolitics
“Woman was specifically made to please man.” – Jean-Jacques Rosseau (French Philosopher).
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
1. What was used to create the existing laws, prior to the Enlightenment?
2. Why were old rules/beliefs being questioned? (Hint: three answers)
3. What is the title is given to questioning all aspects of life?
4. What were 2 ideas born out of the Enlightenment?
5. Who was NOT treated equally during the Enlightenment?
HOMEWORK #1 – 5/12/14
Feelings of revolution begin to spark across the globe, due to Enlightenment.
In North America, British colonies reject British rule; revolution quickly followed.
When North American colonies are freed, they use Enlightened ideals to form a new nation:Declaration of IndependenceConstitution
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
France, considered the center of Enlightenment, also suffers through a revolutionary time.
French rebels used U.S. revolution for inspiration.
French poor class questions the unfairness of their lives compared to upper class.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
HUGE income gap ($) between rich & poor leads to envy/jealousy.
Poor class paid heavy taxes & received very few rights; upper class didn’t.
Poor people of France resent King Louis XVI and his oppressive rule.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
French poor class begins creating laws & rights to protect rights of ALL French (National Assembly).Upper class joins their cause.
French prison (Bastille) is overthrown by angry mob on July 14, 1789:Guards killedPolitical prisoners released
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Overthrown Bastille is symbolic:
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Bastille = old order/old ways of thinking
Overthrowing Bastille = overthrowing old order
1 month after the Bastille falls, National Assembly passes Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.French declaration mimics U.S. Declaration of Independence.
French declaration guarantees personal freedoms like:Equal justiceFreedom of speechFreedom of religion
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Amid revolution, a French constitution is developed stripping king of authority.
French allies (Prussia & Austria) demand King Louis XVI be given power back.Allies feared revolution in their own countriesFrance declares war on both allies.
New gov’t put in place (1792) ending King Louis XVI rule.Found guilty of treasonExecuted using guillotine
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Group of radicals (Jacobins) take charge of French gov’t; led by Maximilien Robespierre.
Robespierre led a period named “Reign of Terror”:Arrested anyone suspected as enemy of revolution
Executed by guillotine40,000 (est.) are killed during this timeThousands more left in overcrowded prisons
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
In 1794, Robespierre is overthrown and executed.
Group of moderate leaders take control of French gov’t; bring stability & order to country.Ends the turmoil of French Revolution.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
1. What was the cause of the revolutionary ideas to spark across the globe?
2. What event did the French use as inspiration for their own revolution?
3. What was the cause of French poor class feelings of envy/jealousy towards upper class?
4. What was overthrowing the Bastille symbolic of?5. What document did the French declaration
mimic?6. Why did Austria & Prussia demand that King
Louis XVI be given power back?7. How many people were estimated to be killed
during the Reign of Terror?
HOMEWORK #2 – 5/14/14
France still at war while revolution was ongoing.Britain, Holland, & Spain join against France.
In need of leadership, France turns to Napoleon Bonaparte to lead armies.
After winning a few battles, Napoleon gains national support.While French gov’t loses support of people.
Napoleon takes control of French gov’t – names himself emperor of France.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Napoleon has sights set on more than just France – wants control of Europe.Takes army throughout Europe Is welcomed into other countries – seen as someone who to free them from oppressive rule
Napoleon nearly has complete control of Europe when he invades Russia.
Invading Russia weakens on Napoleon’s forces.Enemies gang up on Napoleon @ Waterloo – Napoleon’s army too weak to fight back.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
After Napoleon is defeated, Congress of Vienna meets and restores monarchies to power.Balanced power among countries so no one was more powerful than others.
Most in Europe still wanted democracy, but were forced to live under monarchies…temporarily.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Despite attempts to restore monarchies, revolutions still occurred in Europe.
A new movement called Nationalism* spread across Europe.* - intense feeling of national pride.What’s another term for this?
Some nationalist rebellions succeed (Greece) while most fail (Italy & Poland).
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Despite failures of most rebellions, real change had occurred in Europe.
Russia & France changed gov’t; Italy & Germany are formed because of nationalism.
After all the change in Europe, two new powers emerge: United Kingdom (Britain)Germany
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
1. Who did France turn to when they were fighting their war?
2. Why did some countries welcome Napoleon’s presence?
3. Where was Napoleon defeated?4. What does the Congress of Vienna restore?5. What is Nationalism? What’s another term
for this?6. What two new powers emerged after all
the change in Europe?
HOMEWORK #3 – 5/15/14
Europe enters a period after Napoleonic war in which:Economies modernizeWork is industrialized
Capitalism* changes the landscape of European economies.* - private ownership of resources for profit.
Stocks are sold; factories are built; corporations are created – (Modern economy today).
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Industries created by new economic landscape; Europe enters the Industrial Revolution.
“Revolution” brings improved technology – making life easier.
Countries that benefited from improved technology had:More foodLived longer
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Machines replace manual labor; workers still needed to operate machinery.
Overall, life in Europe improved…for most.
Workers face LONG hours and little pay for their efforts.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Day in the life of a child worker (6-8 yrs. old):Wake up @ 4:00 AMArrive @ factory by 5:00 AMWork from 5:00 – 12:00 PMLunch break from 12:00 – 12:40 (only break)Work from 12:40 – 10:00 PM
No dinner break; children ate while they worked. Children who became drowsy/sleepy were whipped by
overseer.Arrive @ home by 11:00 to sleep for next day
Children “earn” between $.5-.15 cents PER DAY.6 day work weeks (only Sundays) were given
off.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
All workers face similar (or worse) conditions that child workers faced.Many still worked – no other options.
Child workers were in high demand for factory work.
Why do you think that is?
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
Working conditions were harsh:No sick timeNo vacation daysFired if a no-show
Despite harsh working conditions, Europe’s industrial revolution produced:Seed drill machine plants seedsSteam engine railroads, steam boatsSpinning jenny & flying shuttle sped up thread and cloth making.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
1. What were 2 results of the industrial revolution in Europe?
2. What is capitalism?3. What were 2 benefits that countries
enjoyed who were apart of the “revolution”?
4. What did machines replace in factories?5. How much were children workers paid?6. How many days a week did they work?7. What 3 reasons explain why working
conditions were harsh?
HOMEWORK #4 – 5/19/14
As Europe advanced, a need for raw materials developed.
European countries search for colonies/land to produce raw materials for their new industries.
Imperialism* begins to sweep across European powers.* - policy by which stronger nations extend their control over weaker nations.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
With imperialism: More land ownership = more powerColonized nations = trade/export partners
The main target of this new policy was Africa*.* - had wealth of raw materials…and workers.
European nations had better weapons; African nations had no chance to defend themselves.
Europeans justified expansion through this belief:“We’re European; you’re not…sooo, we’re
better than you”.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
European countries view Africa as a way to fill their thirst for resources & power.
To make splitting up Africa “civilized”, 14 European nations meet at Berlin Conference.
European leaders divide continent WITHOUT:African leaders presentConsidering language barriers & consent of natives
Considering impact of local customs/economy
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
After dividing Africa, Europe turned its attention to the Ottoman Empire (Middle East).
Britain moved to Far East, colonizing: IndiaParts of China (Hong Kong)Singapore, Malaysia, Burma
France colonized:VietnamCambodia
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
British rule in India is perfect example of why European Imperialism was terrible.
For example:Small Indian industries couldn’t compete w/ British.
Taxes were too expensive. Indians accused British Christians of weakening local religions.
British were racist towards Indians.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
European nations did more harm than good when they colonized the globe.
Some colonized nations modernize immediately:Railroads/roads/bridges are builtDams built to improve irrigation
Despite European influence, colonized nations begin to rebel using nationalist ideals.Most colonized nations (China, Vietnam, parts of Africa) eventually gain freedom.
“IF IT’S TOO LOUD, YOU’RE TOO OLD”
1. What is imperialism?2. What were the 2 goals of imperialism?3. Why were African nations unable to defend
themselves?4. Why did 14 European leaders meet at the
Berlin Conference to accomplish?5. Who was absent from the Berlin Conference?6. List the 4 examples as to why British
colonization of India was a terrible idea.7. What two modern advancements took place
in colonized nations?
HOMEWORK #5 – 5/20/14