Agenda Item Pa e # -A --

From: Council of Canadians I London [mailto:councilofcanadians.london@sympatico.ca] Sent: Tuesday, July 15,2008 9:OO AM To: DeCicco-Best, Anne Marie; Polhili, Bud; Barber, Gina; Bryant, Judy; Branscomb, Nancy; Van Meerbergen, Paul; Caranci, Roger; Eagle, Susan Cc: Fisher, Lorelei; 'Council of Canadians I London Chapter' Subject:

Good morning Lorelei, Please add this to the additions. This is the actual study from Dave De Silva in Markham. Thank you, Cory Morningstar

Developer Opposes Drive-thru Pollution -. http://www.thestar.com/articie/445148

Man fuming over drive-through pollution

COLIN O'CONNOR/TORONTO STAR

Developer Dave De Sylva poses at a Markham Tim Hortons, June 13,2008.

DAVE DE SYLVA SAYS. . . The average idling t h e observed:

2008-07-17

3.43 minutes at Tim Hortons

2.61 minutes at McDonald's

5.61 minutes at Wendy's

Projected over a year a t all 29 drive-throughs in Markham, this adds up to 21,759,152 minutes of estimated total idling time, using 435,185 litres of fuel and releasing 118 tonnes of carbon dioxide. To offset that emission, 5,844 trees would have to be planted.

TIM HORTONS SAYS. . . Its analysis of carbon dioxkje emissions, conducted by RWDIAir Inc., shows:

26.5 kilograms per hour of carbon dioxide emissions at a drive-through location in the morning rush hour.

35.1 kilograms per hour at a non-drive-through with a small, congested parking lot.

30.5 kilograms per hour at a non-drive-through with a larger parking lot.

Test slams bad air outside coffee shops, fast-food joints; but Tim's sees it through different window

Jun 18, 2008 04:30 AM

John Spears CITY HALL BUREAU

Dave de Sylva has nothing against coffee and burger restaurants: 'I sign ail kinds of real estate deals at Tim Hortons," says the Markham developer.

It's the drive-through service he can't stand.

De Sylva hates drive-through queues so much that he decided to calculate the gas burned and tonnes of carbon dioxide spewed at Markham's drive-through establishments.

His campaign against them started a few years ago, when he noticed that many coffee shops paid more attention to car driver customers at the window than customers who walked through the door.

It annoyed him, and he decided to do some analysis, starting with plotting the location of all of Markham's drive-ins: Burger and doughnut restaurants, banks, drug stores - anything with a drive-through window. He found 29.

Then in April and May he dispatched employee Alison Christou to do the painstaking work of counting cars at sample drive- through lines and measuring their progress with a stop-watch.

"I was amazed at what I found," says de Sylva.

By his calculation, which was based on a formula used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the cars lined up a t Markham's 29 drive-through establishments uselessly burn 435,185 litres of gasoline a year. That's enough to let an average car circle the globe 85 times.

2008-07-17

Page 3 of 4

As for greenhouse gas emissions, de Sylva calculates the damage at 118 tonnes of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

"It's my atmosphere as much as anybody else's," says de Syiva.

His objective on drive-throughs is simple: 'I think they should stop them."

De Sylva acknowledges that for many of his three-plus decades as a property developer, he built low-density suburban subdivisions, the kind that spawned the car culture that led to drive-through service.

He has now turned to developing higher density, multiple-unit buildings with features like geothermal heating, rooftop solar arrays and wind-powered water heaters.

Nick Javor, a spokesperson for Tim Hortons, says de Sylva's analysis is flawed.

Tim Hortons hired its own consulting firm, RWDI AIR Inc., to calculate emissions for cars in the drive-through lane and the parking lot at its own stores.

That study - which compared the emissions caused by drive-through idling compared with those produced when a car crawls through a parking lot, manoeuvres into a space, stops, restarts and crawls back out - concluded there is "no air quality benefit to the public from eliminating drive-throughs."

It found that hourly emissions for locations with drive-throughs were lower than for those with only parking lots; it was the same result with small congested lots and larger free-flowing ones.

I n any case, Javor says, customers want drive-throughs. Tim Hortons outlets with drive-through service do 40 to 50 per cent of their business through the window, he adds.

De Sylva says he's sent his analysis to Markham and several other Greater Toronto municipalities, but hasn't had any response.

Markham Councillor Erin Shapero says she's aware of de Sylva's report and sympathetic to his concerns.

"We have enough" drive-throughs, she agreed. "We don't need any more."

Markham staff have been asked to draft a policy on drive-throughs, which Shapero expects to be brought forward this fall,

Toronto already has a policy: Drive-throughs aren't banned, but they must comply with rules on pedestrian access, screening, noise barriers and lane configurations that can be prohibitive in many neighbourhoods.

Mississauga also approved new guidelines earlier this year.

Councillor George Carlson, who heads Mississauga's environment committee, says the city took an "unenthusiastic view of drive- ins" in setting the rules.

Restrictions were needed to prevent them from blossoming everywhere, Carlson said:

"Out where I live on the edge of town, some people would use their cars to drive through a funeral home if they could."

His concerns are social as well as environmental: 'I think drive-throughs tend to make suburban life even more isolated and less interactive with your neighbours."

Carlson says it's important not to focus too single-mindedly on drive-throughs as fuel wasters.

2008-07-17

I Page 4 of 4

‘If you added up all the unnecessary stop signs and delayed red lights that we have throughout the system, you‘d probably be burning up a hundred times more fuel than drive-throughs.”

2008-07-17

Drive Throuqh Study Data

HOUR 1 Time: 6:OOam - ~~~~

Average Queue Time

107 1:16 sec 2:32 sec 2:18 sec 6:40 sec 3:11 sec

# of cars in queue Test 1 500Bm-6:15am Test 2 ~ : i m . 6 : 3 0 a m Test 3 8:30am.6:45am Test 4 645am-7:OOam

I HOUR2 I Time:7:00am I # of cars in queue

134

Average Queue Time

5:09 sec 3:48 sec 508 sec 451 sec 4:44 sec

Test 1 7:oasm?:<5am Test 2 ?15am-7:3Om Test 3 7:mOsm-745am Test 4 7 : 4 5 a ~ . ~ s m

HOUR 3 Time: 8:OOam

# of cars in queue Test 1 800am-8:15am

130 6:04 sec

1 HOUR4 1 Time:9:00am 1

Average Queue Time

303 sec 4:31 sec 4:35 sec 503 sec

Test 2 8:15am~30*m Test 3 8:30am-8:45am Test 4 8:45am-9:ooam

# of cars in queue

102

I HOUR5 I Time: 10:OOam I

Average Queue Time

2:08 sec 7:02 sec 3:08 sec 541 sec 4:30 sec

Test 1 9:00am4:158m Test 2 915am-930am Test 3 Q30am-9:45am Test 4 Q45am-1000am

# o f cars in queue

84 I 2:03sec I 3:22sec I 3:43sec I 2:29sec I 2:54sec I I A v e 7 e ~~ Test 1 1000am-1015am Test 2 1015am-lQ30am Test 3 1030am-l0:45am Test 4 m45am-ll:ooam

Queue Time

HOUR 6 Time: 11 :OOam

# of cars in queue

NOTES: Hours of Operation- Open 24 hours 6:OOam- 4 cars in parking lot Hour 4/ Test 2- Breakfast Sandwich

Average Queue Time

Test 1 11:ooam.li:i5am Test 2 ll:15m-l1;3oam Test 3 liJ0sm-ll:45m Test 4 l l : 4 5 m - l m p m

68 1:20 sec 6:20 sec 3:lO sec 3:15 sec 3:31 sec

Drive Through Study Data

Type of Drive Thru: TIM HORTONS Location: KENNEDY & DUFFIELD Date: APRIL 23, 2008 Weather: OVERCAST/ SUNNY 21 .OC Test: queue time (from entry to exit) for randomly selected car every 15 minutes # of cars in queue: having left the delivery window

# o f cars in queue

78

1 HOUR7 I Time: 12:OOpm I Average ueue Time

1 :34 sec 2:08 sec 2:42 sec 6 5 0 sec 3: 19 sec

Test 1 12:00pm-l2:15pm Test 2 1~:15pm-12:30pm Test 3 12:30pm-~45pm Test 4 12:45pm-I:00pm

# of cars in queue Test 1 1:00pm-1:15pm

\ HOUR8 1 Time: 1:OODm 1 Average

Queue Time Test 2 1:15pm-1:30pm Test 31:30pm-i:45pm Test 41:45pm-2:00pm

69 2:38 sec 8:23 sec 2:34 sec 4:11 sec 4:27 sec

I HOUR9 1 Time:2:00pm I # of cars in queue

63

Average ueue Time

6: 14 sec 2:28 sec 1:Ol sec 2 5 4 sec 3:09 sec

Test 1 2:00~m-2:15pm Test 2 ~:15pm-Z30pm Test 3 2:30pm-2:45pm Test 4 2:45pm-3:~pm

HOUR I O

# of cars in queue

66

1 HOURI1 1 Time:4:00pm I

Time: 3:OOpm Average ueue Time

1:31 sec 1:14 sec 1:16 sec 050 sec 1:13 sec

Test 1 3:00pm3:15pm Test 2 3:15pm-3.:30pm Test 3 3:30pm-~5pm Test 4 3:45pm-~00pm

# o f cars in queue

44

Average Queue Time

2:32 sec 5 5 5 sec 257 sec 0:59 sec 251 sec

Test 1 4:00pm-t15pm Test 2 4:15pmd:30pm Test 3 4:3opmd:45pm Test 4 4:45pm~:oopm

INOTES:

HOUR 12 Time: 5:OOpm

# o f cars in queue Test 1 500pm-515pm

56 1 :28 sec

Average Queue Time

4:21 sec 1 :35 sec 1 :49 sec 2: 18 sec

Test 2 515~m-530pm Test 3 530pm445pm Test 4 5 4 5 p m - 6 ~ ~ ~

Drive Throuah Study Data

Type of Drive Thru: MCDONALDS Location: HWY 48 & 16TH AVE Date: APRIL 29, 2008 Weather: 1O.OC SUNNY (MORNING FROST) Test: queue time (from entry to exit) for randomly selected car every 15 minutes # of cars in queue: having left the delivery window AVERAGE QUEUE TIME FOR THE DAY 236 SEC

# of cars in queue

1 HOURI 1 Time: 6:OOam I Average Test 1 6:008ma:15am Test 2 6:15am-6:30am Test 3 6:30am.E:45am Test 4 6:45am.700am

HOUR 2

?Y of cars in queue

24

I 8 I 4:36sec I 2:lOsec 1 2:06sec I 1:38sec I 2:38sec I

Time: 7:OOam Average ueue Time.

249 sec 203 sec 227 sec 219 sec 225 sec

Test 1 7:00am-7:15am Test 2 7:15am-7:30am Test 3 7:30am.745am Test 4 7:45ama:OOam

# of cars in queue

I HOUR3 I Time:8:00am I Average ueue Time Test 1 ~ : o o a m - ~ 1 s a n Test 2 8:15am-8:30am Test 3 8:30am5:45am Test 4 8 : 4 ~ ~ ~ - 9 : ~ ~

HOUR 4

I 28 I 2:30sec I 1:48sec I 1:23sec I 2:43sec I 2:06sec I

Time: 9:OOam

# of cars in queue Average ueue Time Test 1 900am-9:15am Test 2 9:15am.9:aam Test 3 9:30am.945am Test 4 9:45am.10:oosm

I 29 I 6:19sec I 1:29sec I 2:Ol sec I 1:42sec I 2:53sec I

HOUR 5 Time: 10:OOam

#of cars in queue

17

I HOUR6 I Time: 11:OOam I

Average ueue Time

1 :48 sec 3:19 sec 3:03 sec 2:20 sec 238 sec

Test 1 IO:00am-l0:15am Test 2 10:15sm-l0:30am Test 3 10:30am40:458m Test 4 w ~ J ~ ~ - ~ ~ : Q o ~ ~

# o f cars in queue

I 43 I 2:07sec 1 1:52sec I 3:50sec I 7:OZsec I 3:48 sec I Average ueue Time Test 1 Il:OOam-ll:ldam Test 2 l i : i 5 a m - 1 m a m Test 3 il:30am~l1:45am Test 4 17:45am-l200~m

NOTES: 4 cars in parking lot at 6:OOam Drive thru is open at 6:OOam Drive thru has a pay window and pick up window Hour 1/Test 1- First car through drive thru Hour 4/Test 1- Large order Management very concerned as to why I am there, came out to speak to me 3 times

Drive Throuqh Studv Data

Type of Drive Thru: McDONALDS Location: HWY 48 & 16TH AVE Date: APRIL 29, 2008 Weather: 1O.OC SUNNY& COOL Test: queue time (from entry to exit) for randomly selected car every 15 minutes # of cars in queue: having left the delivery window

HOUR 7

# o f cars in queue

67

Time: 12:OOpm Average

3:25 sec 4:12 sec 2:45 sec 2:43 sec 3:16 sec

~

Test 1 12:00pm-12:15pm Test 2 12:15pm.12:30pm Test 3 ~30pm-12:epm Test 4 1245pm-I:OOpm

HOUR 8

#of cars in queue

47

Time: 1 :OOpm Average

1:28 sec 2:30 sec 2:09 sec 2:06 sec 2:03 sec

Test 1 1:00pm-1:15pm Test 2 1:15pm-1:30pm Test 3 1:30pm4:45pm Test 4 1:45pm.2:00pm I I ~ Time

HOUR 9

# of cars in queue

44

Time: 2:OOpm

Test 1 2:00pm.Z:15pm Test 2 Zi5pm-~:30pm Test 3 2:30pm-2:45pm Test 4 245pmJ:OOpm Average w Time

2:12 sec 1:40 sec 1:55 sec 3:42 sec 2:22 sec

I HOUR12 I Time: 5:OOpm I

HOUR 10 Time: 3:OOpm - Average wue Time

46 1 :42 sec 156 sec 2:07 sec 159 sec 156 sec

# of cars in queue Test 1 300pm-3f5pm Test 2 3:15pm~.:30pm Test 3 330pm445pm Test 4 345pm400pm

HOUR 11

# of cars in queue

25

I 31 I 3:OOsec I 1:56sec I 3:53sec I 1:57sec I 2:42sec I

Time: 4:OOpm Average uew Time

4:20 sec 1 :47 sec 2:OO sec 1:41 sec 2:27 sec

Test 1 mpmm-4.1spm Test 2 ~ 5 p m 4 3 0 p m Test 3 4:30pm+45pm Test 4 4:45pm-500pm

NOTES: Cars in Bay 1,2,3. Wait for their orders to be brought to them Cars idle while they wait 1. Car- idle 3:48 sec. @ 2:23pm -Not busy 2. Truck- idle 2:28 sec @ 2:58pm- Not busy 3. Van- idle 4:45 sec @ 3:12pm- Not busy Several people walked inlDined in

~~

# of cars in queue Average w Time

Test 1 5:00pm-515pm Test 2 5:15pm-5:30pm Test 3 530pm-545pm Test 4 5:45pm.~:oopm

Drive Throuqh Studv Data

Type of Drive Thru: SWISS CHALET Location: WOODBiNE & DENISON Date: MAY 4, 2008 Weather: 14.0C SUNNY Test: queue time (from entry to exit) for randomly selected car every 15 minutes # of cars in queue: having left the delivery window

# of cars in queue

1

1 HOURI 1 Time:3:0Opm 1 Average

Queue Time

NIA NIA NIA 4: 14 sec 4:14 sec

Test 1 3:00pm-3:15pm Test 2 31~pm3:30pm Test 3 3:30pm-3:45pm Test 4 3:45pmd:00pm

#o f cars in queue

6

I HOUR2 I Time:4:00pm I Average ~ Test 1 400prn415prn Test 2 415pm-430pm Test 3 430prnd45pm Test 4 4 4 5 p m ~ 0 0 p m

Queue Time

4:14 sec 2:45 sec NIA 5: 18 sec 3:04 sec

# of cars in queue

19

1 HOUR3 I Time: 5:OOpm I ~~~

Average Queue Time .

3: 18 sec 4: 17 sec 2:Ol sec 2:29 sec 3:Ol sec

Test 1 5:0opm-5:15~m Test 2 5:15pm-5:30pm Test 3 5:30pm-5:45pm Test 4 5:45pm-6:00pm

NOTES: One customer backed out -5:18pm

Drive Throuclh Study Data

Type of Drive Thru: WENDY'S Location: HWY 48 & MAJOR MACKENZIE Date: MAY 3. 2008 Weather: 14.0C RAIN OVERCAST Test: queue time (from entry to exit) for randomly selected car every 15 minutes # of cars in queue: having left the delivery window

# of cars in queue

29

I HOURI I Time:4:00pm I Average

QueueTime

7:08 sec 7:05 sec 5 5 5 sec 3:lO sec 550 sec

Test 1 4:00pm-4:15pm Test 2 4:15pmd:30pm Test 3 4:30pmd:&prn Test 4 4:45pm-5:00pm

# of cars in queue

27

1 HOUR8 I Time:5:00pm I Average

Queue Time

4:08 sec 2:34 sec 6:14 sec 6:24 sec 4 5 0 sec

Test 1 500prn-5:i~pm Test 2 5 : ~ m - 5 : 3 0 p r n Test 3 5:30pm+:4~prn Test 4 545pm-6:OOpm

# of cars in queue

24

1 HOUR9 1 Time:6:00pm 1 Average

Queue Time

5:02 sec 6:02 sec 7 4 7 sec 6 5 9 sec 6:28 sec

Test 1 ~:00pm-~:15pm Test 2 6:15pm-6:30prn Test 3 6:30prn-6:45pm Test 4 8:45pm-7:00pm

NOTES: Weather conditions are poor. Rain heavy and light at times but non stop for duration 2 customers backed out of drive-through because of long wait times to order I assume

Drive Throuah Study Data

Type of Drive Thru: COUNTRY STYLE Location: MARKHAM ROAD & KIRKHAM Date: MAY 1, 2008 Weather: 9.OC PARTLY CLOUDY Test: queue time (from entry to exit) for randomly selected car every 15 minutes # of cars in queue: having left the delivery window

HOUR 1

# of cars in queue

10

Time: 8:OOam

Average Queue Time.

1:51 sec 1:41 sec 2:32 sec 1 :44 sec 1 :57 sec

Test 1 8:aoam-8:15am Test 2 8:i5am.s:30am Test 3 8:30am-E45am Test 4 8:45sm-gaaam

HOUR 2

# of cars in queue

4

Time: 9:OOam

Average Queue Time.

NIA 1:16 sec NIA 1 :28 1 :22 sec

Test 1 900am-915am Test 2 o.i5am-g:3aam Test 3 e3aam.a.45am Test 4 a:45am-iO.oaam

HOUR 1 Time: 11:OOam

# of cars in queue

31

NOTES: Pay windowlpick up window but not using pay window 11:30am Started using pay window Very busy parking lot Parking lot almost full of people dining in

~

Average Queue Time

1:41 sec 2:Ol sec 2:30 sec 3 5 0 sec 2:31 sec

Test 1 ll:O0am-l1:15am Test 2 11:15am-l1:30am Test 3 11:30am-l1:45am Test 4 ~:45am-l2:00pm

HOUR 2

# of cars in queue

69

Time: 12:OOpm

Test 1 ~ z : w P ~ - ~ z : I ~ P ~ Test 2 ~ Z I S P ~ - I Z ~ O P ~ Test 3 12:30pm-12:45pm Test 4 12:45pm-1:oopm Average

1:16 sec 4:43 sec 3:09 sec 3:21 sec 3:07 sec

ueue Time-

Drive-Through Studv Data

~

Location: Woodbine & Applecreek

# of cars in queue

9

Type of Drive Thru: Tim Horton's

Date: May 5, 2008

# of cars: Counted as soon as I arrived on site.

Test 1: Queue time for last car in drive through

Average wait time: 3min 33sec

Time: 2:08pm

Test 1

6:31 sec

Location: Woodbine & 16th Ave

#of cars in queue

7

Time: 2:19pm

Test 1

3 4 7 sec

Location: Woodbine & 14th Ave Time: 2:32pm

# of cars in queue Test 1

I 5 I 258 sec I

5 ~~

3:42 sec

I 6 I 2:07 sec I

Location: McCowan & Hwy 7 Time: 3:OOpm

NOTES:

Woodbine & 16th Ave

Construction going on

Tim's set up a mobile Tim Hortons trailer

to service the drive-through patrons

Cell phone pictures taken

# of cars in aueue Test 1

Location: Hwy 7 & Wooten Way Time: 3:11 pm

# o f cars in aueue Test 1

Location: Markham Road & Denison

# o f cars in queue

6

Time: 3:23pm

Test I 2: 12 sec

agenda Item I Pa e #

iloL.,IGl

REPORT ON

DRIVE -THROUGH FACILITIES

IN MARKHAM

AND

THEIR EFFECT ON ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS AND POLLUTANTS

Mayi08

Background

The author of this report is a private individual, who, is concerned about the effect that drive-through facilities have on the total emissions released into the atmosphere. The report focuses on idling cars at these facilities. The writer bas undertaken this study based on this, and for no other reason. The data collected has been done so either by the writer, or by individuals under the care and control of the writer.

Approach

The writer has inventoried all the drive-through facilities in the Town of Markham. The attached schedule A is map of Markham which shows the location of each facility. The locations have been color co-ordinated to identify the specific use for the major users. There are 29 facilities in all.

Method

Specific 12 hour studies were made at a randomly selected Tim Horton's facility, and MacDonald's facility. Total cars processed were recorded, and sample queue time elapses were taken in each 15 minute interval. Additional notes were made where applicable. Shorter time periods were used for 4 other facilities as detailed below.

1. 2. 3.

Nomenclature

Queue time - the time spent from start to finish in the queue. Process Time- the time it took to be processed at the window Queue length - length, in cars of a queue.

Observations

1

2.

3

Tim Horton’s

By far the most active drive through facility, but not the facility with the longest idling time. Total cars processed in 12 hour period was 1001. Average processing time - approximately 43 seconds Average idling time - approximately 3.43 minutes Peak Processing time - between 7:OO - 9:00 am. Cars in queue before and after the 12 hour period - yes. 24 hour facilities - mostly Sites under renovation - using temporary drive through facilities.

MacDonald‘s

Total cars processed in a 12 hour period - 409. Average processing time - 1.76 minutes. Average idling time - 2.61 minutes. Idling parking when store personnel bring food out to a drive through customer - not included. 24 hour facilities - yes.

Burger King, Swiss Chalet, Wendy’s, and Country Style

mostly limited to peak periods, Longer processing times.

Calculations

1. The objective of the study was to approximate the total amount of idling minutes at each facility, and then calculate the air pollutants as a result on an annual basis.

2. The figures used for pollutants per minute have been taken ftom EPA data as follows;

Winter Conditions (30”F, 13.0 psi RVP gasoline)

Summer Conditions (75”F, 9.0 psi RVP Gasoline)

Particulate Matter Emissions The only vehicle category for which EPA has idle PMlO emission factors is heavy-duty diesels. Particulate emissions are also observed to be relatively insensitive to temperature, and so “winter” and “summer” emission factors for idle PMlO are the same. Pollutant Units LDGV

\mr. . -- glhr 21 .I 30.7 44.6 3.63 4.79 12.6 20.1 glmin 0.352 0.512 0.734 0.061 0.080 0.211 0.335

co glhr 371 487 682 10.1 11.5 94.6 388 glrnin6.198.12 11.40.1680.191 1.586.47

NOx glhr6.167.47 11.86.666.8956.72.51 glmin 0.1030.1250.1960.111 0.1150.9450.042

Pollutant Units LDGV LDGT HDGV LDDV LDDT HDDV MC voc

glhr16.1 24.1 35.83.534.6312.519.4 glmin 0.269 0.401 0.597 0.059 0.077 0.208 0.324

co glhr 229 339 738 9.97 11.2 94.0 435 g/rnin3.825.6512.30.1660.1871.577.26

NOx glhr 4.72 5.71 10.2 6.50 6.67 55.0 1.69 glmin 0.079 0.095 0.170 0.108 0.111 0.917 0.028

4.

5.

6.

3. Total vehicles processed in 1 12 hour period at a Tim Horton’s

= 1001.

Average queue time

= 3.43 minutes

Total idling time in 1 day

= 3.43 x 1001 = 3433 minutes.

Adjustment for the other 12 hours of operation not observed

= 3433 x 125% = 4291 minutes.

Calculation for annual event

= 4291 x 365 days x 98% ( to allow for some holiday time)

= 1,534,890 idling minutes.

Calculation for all Tim Horton’s using the same data

= 1,534,890 x 11 locations = 16,883,798 idling minutes.

Pollutant load just for the 11 Tim Horton locations

5.452 gpm x 16,883,798 idling minutes 92,050,467 g

92,050 kg or 92 tonnes per year.

- ~

- -

7 . In an attempt to validate the approximate queue time for this use, a random selection of facilities, along with a random sampling of queue lengths and queue times was made, and attached as a separate result. It suggests an average queue length of 6.3 cars and an

Agenda Itern # pa g # n++

9.

10

11

12.

13.

14

8 .

average queue time of 3.55 minutes. This is quite similar and within range of the calculated average used above.

Calculation for MacDonald’s

= 409(cars) x 2.6l(average queue time) x 125% x 365 days x 98% = 477,301 minutes x 5 locations = 2,386,507 minutes. X 5.452 gpm = 13,226 kgi year for the Markham locations.

Estimated idling from Wendy’s = 5.6l(average queue time) x 90 x 2.25 x S(1ocations) x 365 x 98% = 2,03 1,780 idling minutes.

Estimated Idling from Burger King = 2.71 x 100 x 2.25 x 2 x 365 x 98% = 435,605 idling minutes.

Others Estimated at 6 locations = 30 cars per day x 2 minutes x 365 x 98% = 21,462 minutes.

Total Estimated idling minutes from all 29 locations in 1 year = 21,759,152 minutes.

Estimated fuel wasted in all 29 locations in 1 year. = 435,185 litres of gasoline. This would he enough for an average car to travel around the world at the equator a total of 85 times.

Estimated pollutant footprint

118,631 kg. Or 118 tomes of carbon and other air pollutants emitted into the air around Markham.

It would require the planting of 5,844 trees to offset this on an annual basis

- -

Additional Notes

(These are taken from )

Clearing the Air on Car Idling

Natural Resources Canada reports that the transportation sector is “the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in Canada”, even with modern day emissions technology and morefuel-eflcient cars. Carbon Dioxide (C02) is the most significant greenhouse gas linked to global climate change. For every litre offuel your car burns, 2.4 kg of C02 isproduced. This is an important concern considering that today, people are owning and driving more cars than ever before! Canadians have already started to realize the implications of global warming and climate change. We have also started to make the connection between our environment, climate change and our health. There are so many easy ways for us to contribute to Canada’s National climate change efforts. It’s as easy as turning the key to an engine!

Idle Facts I . Research has shown a direct link between contaminants in vehicle emissions and significant respiratory problems. Canada has seen a steady increase in hospital admissions, respiratory illnesses and premature deaths, especially in urban centres. 2. Health Canada estimates that more than 5,000 Canadians die prematurely each year because of air pollution. Children are particularly vulnerable because they breathe faster than adults and inhale more air per kilogram of body weight. 3. On average, Canadian motorists idle their vehicles between 5 to io minutes a day. A recent study suggests that in the peak of winter, we voluntarily idle our vehicles for a combined total of more than 75 million minutes a day! That’s like one car idling for 144 years! 4. Carbon Dioxide (C02) is the principal Greenhouse Gas. Ifevery driver of a light-duty vehicle in Canada avoided idling forjustfive minutes a day, collectively, we would prevent more than 1.6 million tonnes of CO2fiom entering the atmosphere each year. 5. Ifevery driver of a light duty vehicle avoided idling by five minutes a day, we would save r.8 million litres offuel per day - this represents roughly $1.7 million in fie1 cost savings! 6. Every i o minutes of idling costs you about afifth of a litre in wastefuel (more if your vehicle has an eight-cylinder engine). Ten seconds of idling can use more fuel than turning off your engine and restarting

Comments

1. These figures are approximate, and the emissions do not reflect increased levels in lower Canadian climates.

2.

3.

Not taken into consideration is the additional fuel spent by patrons of drive-throughs who routinely drive as much as 15 minutes out of their way to use a drive-through facility.

Several managers of the facilities expressed concern that the data was being collected. The writer believes that this relates to an inherent guilt about the propriety of such facilities in light of a national obesity epidemic, and global concern for atmospheric pollutants.