Agile: In teaching learning process

V. V. Kamat

Goa University

vvkamat@unigoa.ac.in

Agenda

• Why agile in Education?

• Motivation for Agile framework in Education

• Best practices in teaching-learning process • Proposed Agile Manifesto in education

• Conclusion

• Q & A

Software development Game

Key Actors in the Game– Programmer / Developer – Customer / Client

– Collaboration result in Software

DeveloperCustomerSoftware

Collaborate

Some Familiar Questions?

• Has developer understood what the real requirement of the client is?

• Is there a collaboration between developer and client?

• What is the quality of the software?

• How reliable is the software quality?

• What is the feedback mechanism?

• How often bugs are fixed?

Game teacher-teacher

Key Actors in the Game(All casts chosen are from software industry)

• Teacher– Cast: “programmer / developer”

• Student– Cast: “software service / product”

• Employer– Cast: “customer / client”

Developer

Teacher / InstitutionEmployer

CustomerSoftware

Student

Collaborate √

Collaborate?

Where is the Collaboration?

Ask similar Questions in new Role

• Has teacher/institution understood what the real requirement of the industry is?

• What is the quality of the student?• How reliable is the student quality?• What is the feedback mechanism?• How often changes are made to course

content? • Is there a collaboration between institution

and industry?

Present Scenario

• In curriculum design, industry inputs are often missing

• Academic programs are rigid and uses waterfall process model in delivery

• Most academic programs are fixed time, fixed cost and fixed scope projects

• Change is a bureaucratic process and on an average cycle time is 3-4 years

Present Scenario cont…

• Students graduate with little practical skills, no idea of industry expectations

• There is over emphasis on what can be taught than what need to be taught

• There is over compartmentalization of education and no time for integration

• Instead, industry has found its own quick fix solutions

Frustration!

• Industry– They don’t understand what we want

• Academia– They don’t know what our problems are

• Student– Confused, eager to join industry only to get

more confused

• There is lot of duplication of efforts, waste of time & resources, is anybody listening?

Blame Game

• Industry– Institutions teach things that are not relevant– Marks in the exam is no proof of actual skills

– Institutions teach as if all students are going to be researchers

– Institutions are bureaucratic, they are tightly controlled bodies and averse to change

– . . .

Blame Game cont…

• Academia– We teach fundamentals, platform specific

skills is not our forte– We expect industry participation if they want

better output– We are paid peanuts, what better can you

expect– Our environments are not inspiring, come and

work here then talk

Blame doesn’t fix the bug

• Understand the process of education• Three key processes in education are

– Teaching (Teacher and Support staff )– Evaluation (Examination and Marking)

– Administration (Infrastructure and systems)

• IT can play a major role in managing these processes, but that’s a different topic…

• The quality of the education product is directly related to quality of these 3 processes

…where have we come from and where we want to go…

• Its important to understand the current practices if you want to improve

• Are these proverbs making sense?

– If you don’t know where you are going, any road will do - Chinese proverb

– If you don’t know where you are, map won’t help - Humphrey’s corollary

Current Evaluation Practices

• Focus is on scoring marks then knowing

• Essay type questions lack application• Lack of trust in teacher and the system

• External examiner adds agony to process

• Lack of transparency adds air of suspicion

• Rule based then student friendly• Everybody suffers but afraid to change

Current Teaching Practices

• Engaging class is important but what is taught, how it is taught only students know

• Accountability is often limited to attendance• Lot of teacher time is spent on mundane

jobs, leaving little time to learn new things

• There is no incentive for good teaching or to learn new things

• Chalk & talk has no scope for reusability

Current Status of a Teacher

• Teacher is costly but neglected resource

• Teaching career often opted not by choice • Teacher lacks motivation and suffers from

low self-esteem

• Current contract appointments lacks vision

• Good teachers are hard to come by

• Stereo type teacher fails to enthuse• Lack of opportunities lead to obsolescence

Current Administrative Woes

• Procedures are more important then outcome • Excessive worry about misuse before use• All assumed guilty till proved innocent• Accountability at times confused to accounts• To administration all teachers look the same• Control mindset disabling than enabling• Compliance scores over Competence• System encourages/propagates mediocrity• System converts assets into liability

Current Trend in Education• Cost of education is rising

• Classroom size is becoming bigger

• Education is being looked as an investment• Higher education is getting privatized

• Student has become a customer

• Knowledge and skills becoming important

• Quality certification is gaining importance• Education has become a serious business

Current Trend in Business

• Continuous quality improvement

• Better quality at cheaper price• Life time of a product cycle is shrinking

• Focus is on productivity

• Leaner the better

• Concentrate on core competence and• Outsource the rest

Lessons for Educationist

• Continuously add value to programs

• Balance quality, quantity and cost

• Life time of a degree is shrinking• Teacher / Student productivity is important

• Establish a niche in specific areas

• Hire few good teachers and admin staff

• Outsource the rest through contracts

Is Education going ISO way ?

• Many academic institutions are vying for ISO 2001: 9000 certification

• Many processes (more paper work) are getting introduced into institutions

• Mindless adoption of processes may prove expensive and may not serve the purpose

• Accountability of a teacher is important but it needs to be defined properly

Agile Framework

• Can be applied in each of these areas– Teaching– Evaluation

– Administration

• What are the best practices?

Do not reinvent the wheel

• Use internet resources judiciously

• Download – Modify – Reuse the content but acknowledge the source

• Content has its own life cycle and it needs to be improved over deliveries

• Overhead projectors are better but LCD projectors are the best

Manage classroom time effectively

• Offline preparation of slides gives more time for student interaction

• Distribute slides but avoid dictating notes• Give teaching & evaluation plan in

advance but keep it agile• Internet based assignment can bring

excitement and curiosity to learn the latest• Changing teacher role – from sage on the

stage to guide by the side

Take feedback often

• Student is evaluated once in a while, teacher is evaluated everyday

• Written feedback acts as a deterrent and can be used constructively to build peer pressure

• Simple eye contact often does the magic• Evaluation itself could be a good feedback • There is no one way to teach, each

student learns differently

Interact with Local Industry• Benefits

– Practical problems– Project ideas

– Technology trends

• Give student project based on open source– Projects from scratch are often scraped

• Adopt 80-20 rule in teaching a course– 80% academic - 20% industry inputs

• “Pappu” story

Best practices in Evaluation?

• Evaluate objectively & subjectively

• Each objective question is like Unit Test

• Each Unit Test can identify potential bug • Test paper to cover the syllabus

• Grading to be flexible to accommodate difficulty level of question paper

Evaluate often

• Evaluation is the only way to know how much student has understood or misunderstood

• Earlier you detect misunderstanding, easier it is to fix it– “Stitch in time saves nine”

• Evaluation only determines what student doesn't know and not what student knows

Evaluate objectively & subjectively

• Objective evaluation takes more effort than subjective evaluation

• Subjective evaluation takes more time than objective evaluation

• Evaluation & certification are two different things and each has its own merit

• Evaluation is best done by the teacher and certification is best done by the third party

Relative grading is the best

• Integrity of the teacher is utmost important

• Handles difficulty level of the question paper

• Empowers the teacher in the classroom

• Brings in transparency & accountability

• Trust the teacher and they become trustworthy

• Academic audit is the best deterrent

Food for thought!

• Each student learns differently than why all students should pass in same time?

• What is the competence of a student who has scored 40% marks in an exam?

• How much does a student learn in the class?

• How do we move from just-in-case to just-in-time delivery model?

Case Study: Our MCA Experience

• 100% internal evaluation except the labs

• External lab component helps in peer review

• Projects are qualitatively graded

• CPI provides continuous feedback on student performance

• Students provide mid-semester and end-semester feedback

MCA Examination

• Low ceremony process– No appointment of

• Chairman examination, Paper setter, Supervisor,

• Block supervisor, Attendant, Understudy…

– No 3 manuscript submission business– No coding – decoding of answer papers– No numbering on the benches

– Students get see all evaluated papers

Agile Agenda in Education

• Agile manifesto in Education– Teachers and Students over Administration

and Infrastructure– Competence and Collaboration over

Compliance and Competition– Employability and Responding to market

demands over syllabus and marks– Attitude and Learning skills over Aptitude and

formal degree

Conclusion

• There is an urgent need to apply agile framework to education system before it goes ISO way

• Lightweight process framework like Agile is recommended to educational setup

• Our experience shows that it is very much possible to put these practices in use provided there is will and commitment

Questions?

Thank You!