agricultural census in italy statistics explained · italy, the present analysis of the farm...

16
Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained Source : Statistics Explained (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/) - 28/03/2018 1 Data from November 2012. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database . Due to that the agricultural census is carried out every ten years, the next update of this article will take place in December 2022. This article is part of a series of country-specific essays on the results of the European Union (EU) Farm structure survey (FSS) 2010. The FSS collects information on the structural characteristics of the agricultural holdings (land use, livestock and labour force) and is carried out by all European Union Member States every 10 years as an Agricultural census, with two or three additional, intermediate sample surveys carried out in-between. In Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table 1: Farm structure, key indicators, Italy, 2000 and 2010Source: Eurostat (efkvaareg) (efovk- vaa) (demopjan) and FSS 2000 and 2010

Upload: others

Post on 14-Aug-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained

Source Statistics Explained (httpeceuropaeueurostatstatisticsexplained) - 28032018 1

Data from November 2012 Most recent data Further Eurostat information Main tables and Database Dueto that the agricultural census is carried out every ten years the next update of this article will take placein December 2022

This article is part of a series of country-specific essays on the results of the European Union (EU) Farm structuresurvey (FSS) 2010 The FSS collects information on the structural characteristics of the agricultural holdings(land use livestock and labour force) and is carried out by all European Union Member States every 10 yearsas an Agricultural census with two or three additional intermediate sample surveys carried out in-between InItaly the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agriculturalcensus

Table 1 Farm structure key indicators Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat (efkvaareg) (efovk-vaa) (demopjan) and FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 2 Farm structure key indicators by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat(efkvaareg) (efovkvaa) and FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 2

Figure 1 Number of holdings and utilised agriculture area (UAA) by UAA size classes Italy2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvaareg) (efovkvaa)

Table 3 Economic size of the farm by standard output size classes Italy 2007 and 2010(EUR)Source Eurostat FSS 2007 and 2010

Figure 2 Number of holdings by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efkvftreg)

Agricultural census in Italy 3

Figure 3 Standard Output by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvftreg)

Figure 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efluovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Agricultural census in Italy 4

Table 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat (eflu-ovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Figure 5 Livestock by main types Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 5

Table 5 Number of holdings with livestock by LSU size class Italy 2000 and 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 6 Agricultural labour force Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 7 Utilised agricultural area by type of tenure by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat (efmptenure)

Agricultural census in Italy 6

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 2: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Table 2 Farm structure key indicators by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat(efkvaareg) (efovkvaa) and FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 2

Figure 1 Number of holdings and utilised agriculture area (UAA) by UAA size classes Italy2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvaareg) (efovkvaa)

Table 3 Economic size of the farm by standard output size classes Italy 2007 and 2010(EUR)Source Eurostat FSS 2007 and 2010

Figure 2 Number of holdings by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efkvftreg)

Agricultural census in Italy 3

Figure 3 Standard Output by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvftreg)

Figure 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efluovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Agricultural census in Italy 4

Table 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat (eflu-ovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Figure 5 Livestock by main types Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 5

Table 5 Number of holdings with livestock by LSU size class Italy 2000 and 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 6 Agricultural labour force Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 7 Utilised agricultural area by type of tenure by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat (efmptenure)

Agricultural census in Italy 6

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 3: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Figure 1 Number of holdings and utilised agriculture area (UAA) by UAA size classes Italy2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvaareg) (efovkvaa)

Table 3 Economic size of the farm by standard output size classes Italy 2007 and 2010(EUR)Source Eurostat FSS 2007 and 2010

Figure 2 Number of holdings by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efkvftreg)

Agricultural census in Italy 3

Figure 3 Standard Output by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvftreg)

Figure 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efluovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Agricultural census in Italy 4

Table 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat (eflu-ovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Figure 5 Livestock by main types Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 5

Table 5 Number of holdings with livestock by LSU size class Italy 2000 and 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 6 Agricultural labour force Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 7 Utilised agricultural area by type of tenure by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat (efmptenure)

Agricultural census in Italy 6

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 4: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Figure 3 Standard Output by main type of farming Italy 2010 ()Source Eurostat (efkvftreg)

Figure 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat(efluovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Agricultural census in Italy 4

Table 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat (eflu-ovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Figure 5 Livestock by main types Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 5

Table 5 Number of holdings with livestock by LSU size class Italy 2000 and 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 6 Agricultural labour force Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 7 Utilised agricultural area by type of tenure by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat (efmptenure)

Agricultural census in Italy 6

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 5: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Table 4 Utilised agricultural area by land use Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat (eflu-ovcropaa) (efoluaareg)

Figure 5 Livestock by main types Italy 2000 and 2010 ()Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Agricultural census in Italy 5

Table 5 Number of holdings with livestock by LSU size class Italy 2000 and 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 6 Agricultural labour force Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 7 Utilised agricultural area by type of tenure by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat (efmptenure)

Agricultural census in Italy 6

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 6: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Table 5 Number of holdings with livestock by LSU size class Italy 2000 and 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 6 Agricultural labour force Italy 2000 and 2010Source Eurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Table 7 Utilised agricultural area by type of tenure by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat (efmptenure)

Agricultural census in Italy 6

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 7: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Table 8 Key figures on irrigation Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Figure 6 Irrigated area by type of crops Italy 2010 ()Source Source Eurostat (efpoirrig)

Table 9 Number of holdings with cattle and places by type of animal housing Italy 2010SourceSource Eurostat (efpmhouscatlaa)

Agricultural census in Italy 7

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 8: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Table 10 Number of holdings by other gainful activities by NUTS 2 regions Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2010

Table 11 Organic farming number of holdings and utilised agricultural area Italy 2010SourceEurostat FSS 2000 and 2010

Main statistical findingsKey indicatorsIn 2010 there were 1 620 880 agricultural holdings in Italy (see Table 1) a value which was found to be thesecond highest within the EU-27 after the one recorded in Romania Since the number of holdings recordedin 2000 was 2 396 2741 after the year 2000 roughly one out of three farms ceased its activity in Italy

Also in terms of utilised agricultural area (UAA) Italy recorded one of the highest values among the EUMember States 129 million of hectares accounting for 43 of the whole territory Nonetheless compared tothe FSS 2000 ndash when it reached 13 million hectares ndash the agricultural area decreased slightly (-16 ) As thenumber of holdings dropped faster than the agricultural area within the 2000-2010 time frame the average sizeof the farms increased (+45 ) changing from 5 ha in 2000 to 8 ha in 2010 a value which remains among thesmallest recorded within the EU-27

An opposite tendency characterised the average agricultural area per inhabitant which decreased moving from023 ha in 2000 to 021 ha in 2010 Indeed over the period under analysis the Italian population grew (+6 )while the UAA slightly decreased (-16 )

The animal livestock ndash expressed in livestock units (LSU) ndash remained rather constant over the inter censusdecade 10 million LSU were recorded in 2000 while 99 were surveyed in 2010 (-06 ) Accordingly despitefalling right below the 10 million threshold Italy was among the EU Member States with the largest animallivestock in 2010

Similarly to most of the EU Member States also in Italy the number of persons working in agriculture droppedbetween 2000 and 2010 (-14 ) from 4 million to 34 million Nonetheless in 2010 the Italian agriculturallabour force was one of the biggest within the EU-27 and still represented 14 of the Italian economicallyactive population2

1This figure has been estimated using the 2010 threshold If the 2000 threshold is used on the FSS 2000 dataset the number ofunits recorded is 2 153 720

2A value calculated over the total number of active people aged 15 to 64 as it is reported by the 4th quarter 2010 of the EULabour force survey (LFS) see (lfsqpganws) Population by sex age nationality and labour status (1 000)

Agricultural census in Italy 8

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 9: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Regional key indicatorsThe regional analysis of the key indicators (see Table 2) allows to detail the structure of the Italian farms Interms of agricultural area Sicily recorded the highest share in 2010 it recorded 14 million hectares accountingfor 108 of the agricultural area of the whole country (+104 compared to the value registered in 2000)Another southern region the territory of Puglia recorded the second highest share (10 ) corresponding to13 million hectares of agricultural area +51 compared to the 2000 value With an increase of 14 overthe 2000-2010 time frame the island of Sardegna is the territory which recorded the highest growth in termsof agricultural area it moved from 1 million hectares of UAA to 11 million thus accounting for 9 of theItalian UAA in 2010 Although both Piemonte (1 million ha) and Emilia-Romagna (11 million ha) recordedremarkable values in 2010 in both cases a reduction was reported in comparison with 2000 -54 for theformer region -45 for the latter one

In terms of the animal livestock the northern regions proved to be more important than the southern onesin Italy Indeed Piemonte Lombardia Veneto and Emilia-Romagna accounted together for 64 of the coun-tryrsquos LSU in 2010 With 27 million LSU ndash a 28 share over the total population ndash Lombardia proved to bethe most important territory and recorded a +67 growth compared to the FSS 2000 Despite the fact thatit registered a -82 drop over the 2000 figure Veneto recorded the second highest value 14 million LSUaccounting for about 14 of the total LSU population Within the 2000-2010 time frame figures droppedalso for Emilia-Romagna (-73 ) nonetheless 12 million LSU were recorded on its territory in 2010 a valuecorresponding to the 12 of the whole national livestock With a 10 share of the livestock populationPiemonte recorded the smallest double digit percentage In 2010 it accounted for 1 million LSU a value whichrepresented an increase of 23 compared to 2000

If the labour force is taken into account a very opposite tendency is observed as the southern regions showed thehighest number of persons working in the farms in 2010 With about 560 000 persons employed in agriculturethe south eastern territory of Puglia recorded the highest figure a value which accounted for the 165 of thetotal regular labour force and corresponded to a 6 increase compared to 2000 Despite recording a decreaseof 13 compared to 2000 Sicily scored the second highest share (127 ) corresponding to about 430 000units Very similar were the values recorded for Calabria (280 110 persons 83 of the regular labour force)and Campania (279 670 82 ) in the first case a 74 increase was registered whereas values dropped by 31 for the latter one

Finally although the employment of different thresholds in the two reference years biases the comparisonbetween the respective holding populations it can be suggested that all the regions were affected by the fall inthe number of agricultural holdings

Agricultural holdingsAs already observed in most of the EU Member States between 2000 and 2010 a tendency for the small farmsto disappear in favour of the bigger ones was reported also in Italy Accordingly the population of agriculturalholdings with less than 20 hectares of land decreased (-346 ) On the contrary all the other classes of farmsgrew with the highest growth recorded among the biggest class of farms those with 100 hectares or more ofUAA (+23 ) Agricultural holdings with 50 to 999 ha of agricultural land scored the second highest increase(+22 ) while farms with 30 to 499 hectares grew by 115 The only exception to this tendency was rep-resented by farms with no agricultural area as their number almost doubled over the decade under analysismoving from 3 480 in 2000 to 5 290 in 2010

As a result of this transformation more than half of the Italian UAA currently belongs to a very small numberof farms (see Figure 1) those with 30 or more hectares of agricultural land which accounts for only 5 of thetotal population of farms On the contrary the majority (51 ) of agricultural holdings proved to belong tothe smallest class of farms with UAA Indeed 819 360 farms were recorded as having between 01 ha and 19ha of agricultural land

Agricultural census in Italy 9

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 10: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

The average size of the holdings proved to change largely depending on the region Indeed Sardegnia (19ha) Lombarida (182 ha) Valle drsquoAosta (157 ha) and Piemonte (151 ha) recorded values largely over thecountryrsquos average which indicated the value of 79 hectares in 2010 On the other hand the regions of Liguria(22 ha) Campania (4 ha) and Calabria (4 ha) displayed values well below 79 hectares

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 (efolsaareg) and 2000 (efovkvaa)

Economic size of the farm

In terms of economic size Italian agricultural holdings recorded the second highest value within the EU-27in 2010 EUR 49 460 million (see Table 3) This figure ndash calculated by adding all the standard output (SO) perhectare of crop and per head of livestock of the farms ndash represents a 22 increase compared to the FSS 2007data (EUR 40 540 million)

The economic size of the farms seemed to vary largely depending on the region Accordingly the northernterritory of Lombardia recorded the highest value EUR 7 388 million of SO corresponding to 15 of thecountryrsquos total SO Emilia-Romagna recorded the second highest figure ndash EUR 6 367 millions ndash accounting for13 of the SO of the Italian farms whereas Veneto scored the third highest percentage (111 ) correspondingto EUR 5 505 million Furthermore the island of Sicily accounted for 88 of the countryrsquos SO recording avalue of EUR 4 335 million in 2010

At the other end of the scale with EUR 58 millions of SO the mountainous region of Valle drsquoAosta recordedthe smallest share 01 while the neighbour territory of Liguria recorded the second smallest percentage (07) corresponding to EUR 369 million

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Agricultural holding by main type of farming

In terms of the main area of production in 2010 farms specialised in olives were found to be the most commonin Italy (see Figure 2) According to the FSS 2010 they accounted for about 28 of the total number ofagricultural holdings The second most common type of production proved to be cereals oilseed and proteincrops which accounted for 13 of the total population of farms in 2010 Furthermore agricultural holdingsspecialised in vineyards shared another 13 a value slightly higher than the one recorded by holdings dedicatedto general field cropping (11 )

If the economic size of the farms is taken into account the hierarchy of the holdings changes Indeed when usingthe standard output (SO) for measuring the main type of farming only three categories of production reacheda double digit percentage In particular holdings specialised in vineyard proved to be the most important (15) the second highest contributions came from holdings dedicated to general field cropping (13 ) while thefarms dedicated to pigs accounted for 10 Furthermore farms specialised in dairying accounted for 9 ofthe total standard output whereas those specialised in poultry shared another 8

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010

Land useThe utilised agricultural area (UAA) is the total area taken up by arable land permanent grassland andmeadow permanent crops and kitchen gardens used by the holding regardless of the type of tenure or ofwhether it is used as a part of common land

In Italy the UAA decreased by 16 over the 2000-2010 time frame ndash a fall of about 206 000 hectares inabsolute terms ndash indicating the value of 13 million ha in 2010

As already observed in most of the EU Member States the relative importance of the main components ofthe Italian agricultural area did not change much over the decade under analysis Accordingly the arable landremained the most important element accounting for more than half of the countryrsquos UAA even though itsshare decreased from 556 in 2000 to 545 in 2010 (-35 ) In 2010 permanent grassland and meadowaccounted for about one fourth of the whole agricultural area as it did in 2000 while the share of permanent

Agricultural census in Italy 10

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 11: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

crops moved from 18 in 2000 to 185 in 2010 (+ 34 000 hectares)

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Arable land

In Italy the land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly generally under a system of crop rotation decreasedby 35 (- 251 650 hectares) within the 2000-2010 decade (see Table 4) Within the arable land cereals andfodder crops were found to be the two main categories of production in 2010 they accounted together for 431 of the Italian UAA Over the 2000-2010 decades the production of cereals decreased its share over the totalhectares of arable land moving from 31 in 2000 to 282 in 2010 (-423 500 hectares) On the other handfodder crops gained importance over the years as their production moved from 117 in 2000 to 149 in2010 +389 130 hectares in absolute terms

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent grassland and meadow

The area of permanent grassland and meadow remained rather stable over the years indicating the valueof 34 million hectares in 2010 Nonetheless it must be noted that due to a change in the methodology in 2010two additional categories ndash not employed in the FSS 2000 ndash were used for the classification of the permanentgrassland and meadow In particular 12 million hectares of UAA (92 ) were classified as rough grazing in2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Permanent crops

The structure of the area of permanent crops did not change considerably over the decade under analysisAccordingly olive plantations recorded the highest value over the total UAA both in 2010 (87 ) and 2000(76 ) while vineyards confirmed their importance as they recorded a share of 55 in 2000 and one of 52 in 2010

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

LivestockStatistics on livestock use two different units of measurement the livestock units (LSU) and the number ofheads (number of animals) ndash the former allows comparison between species

According to the Agricultural census 2010 (see Table 5) there were about 99 million LSU in Italy whereasthere were roughly 10 million in 2000 (-06 ) Furthermore 016 LSU per inhabitant were recorded in 2010Since the year 2000 the Italian population increased (+6 ) while the animal livestock remained rather stable(-06 ) as a result the number of LSU per inhabitant recorded in 2000 was slightly higher (018)

In 2010 90 of the Italian livestock population consisted of cattle (44 ) pigs (248 ) and poultry (216 )In absolute terms cattle accounted for 44 million LSU and recorded a decrease of 36 over the FSS 2000value pigs indicated the value of 25 million LSU and a +67 growth compared to 2000 poultry recorded 21million LSU and a fall of 25 compared with 2000

In relative terms the territory of Lombardia proved to be the most important among the Italian regionsas it accounted for 28 of the animal livestock in 2010 in terms of LSU it contributed to 124 of the totallivestock of pigs and 11 of the cattle population According to the FSS 2010 Veneto was the second mostimportant territory accounting for 14 of Italian LSU (14 million LSU) while Emilia-Romagna was the thirdone hosting 12 million LSU corresponding to a share of 12

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the number of agricultural holdings with livestock decreased drastically(-65 ) from 627 200 to 217 330 Accordingly the relative weight of the farms with livestock over the totalpopulation of agricultural holdings decreased from 262 in 2000 to 134 in 2010 With the exception of

Agricultural census in Italy 11

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 12: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

the bigger class of farms ndash those with 500 or more LSU which recorded a +9 growth ndash all the categoriesof holdings with LSU registered drops with the smallest size classes scoring the highest falls The territory ofMarche is the one which recorded the largest decrease (-83 )

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Labour forceIn 2010 34 million persons were employed in the agricultural holdings (see Table 6) This value one of thehighest recorded within the EU Member States represents a 144 decrease compared with 2000 when about4 million persons were regularly employed The decrease appears even sharper if the annual work unit (AWU)is taken into account in this case the labour force fell by 303 from 12 million AWU in 2000 to about 842000 AWU in 2010

Among the sole holders the gender distinction appeared to be marked and stable over the years as 77 of sole holders proved to be male in both reference years

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on holdersrsquo age and gender for 2010 and 2000

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level on type of labour force for 2010 and 2000

Management practicesType of tenure

According to the Agriculture census 2010 In Italy the majority of the agricultural area was owned by thefarmers who actually worked on that land (see Table 7) 83 million hectares corresponding to 65 of theItalian UAA The highest share was registered in Puglia where about 83 of the agricultural land (11 millionha) was farmed by the owner On the other hand Valle drsquoAosta was the region which showed the smallestshare of land under this category (186 ) Piemonte and Lombardia two of the most important regionsin terms of agricultural production showed a different tendency as in both territories the category farming bythe owner was not prevalent in the first case it recorded the 47 whereas 463 was the share of the latter one

In Italy the second most common type of tenure was farming by the tenant it accounted for 295 ofthe total agricultural area (38 million ha) Among the different regions Valle drsquoAosta showed the highest per-centage (808 ) though the values recorded for Lombardia (49 ) and Piemonte (477 ) were also remarkable

The agricultural area utilised in partnership by the landlord and the sharecropper under a written or oralshare-farming contract or the area utilised under other modes of tenure was found to be relatively small (717820 hectares) and accounted for 56 of the whole UAA

Irrigation

Within the 2000-2010 time frame the total irrigable area decreased by 31 in Italy ndash it moved from 38million ha to 37 million ha Hence in 2010 it accounted for about 291 of the total agricultural area one ofthe highest shares among the EU Member States Also the area irrigated at least once a year was found to beremarkable it covered 19 of the Italian agricultural area and indicated the value of 24 million hectares in 2010

The analysis of the quantity of water used to irrigate one hectare of land gives further insight into the irri-gation of the Italian UAA and provides a better understanding of the regional differences The analysis is basedon the total cultivated area irrigated in the 12 months prior to the Agricultural census and the quantity of waterused in 2010 (see Table 8) It shows that the northern region of Lombardia is the most intensively irrigated ason average 8 182 cubic metres of water were used for each hectare of its UAA The southern region of Siciliarecorded the second highest value with 5 662 cubic metres per ha At the other end of the scale the regionValle drsquoAosta recorded the lowest figure 698 cubic metres per hectare of irrigated agricultural land The Italianaverage could be established at 4 804 cubic metres per ha a lower value than the one recorded in Spain (5 470)

Agricultural census in Italy 12

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 13: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

As shown in Figure 7 the harvest that had the largest share of irrigation water (24 ) was maize Tem-porary and permanent grass accounted for another 15 of irrigated area followed by rice (12 ) and freshvegetables melons and strawberries (9 ) the latter having recorded the same percentage as fruit and berryplantations

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Animal housing

In 2010 there were 125 880 holdings raising 5 952 990 heads of cattle in Italy Accordingly the Mediter-ranean peninsula proved to be one of the EU Member State with the higher number of farms with cattle Asexhibited in Table 9 the majority of Italian farms (568 ) hosted cattle in loose housing with solid dung andliquid manure (2 943 770 places) In terms of number of holdings the second most frequent type of animalhousing was the one in which the animals are stanchion tied stable with solid dung and liquid manure (348 )it accounted for 798 360 places and was recorded in 43 820 farms When analysing the animal housing capacityit must be noted that more than one type of housing could be recorded for a single holding

Other gainful activities

According to the FSS 2010 76 150 agricultural holdings proved to be involved in other gainful activities inItaly These were farms which recorded activities other than farm work directly related to the holding andhaving an economic impact on it Although this figure represented a small portion of the Italian population ofholdings (5 ) in absolute terms it was the second highest value recorded within the EU-27

Information on other gainful activities was collected by eleven category types depending on their character-istics ndash each farm could be involved in more than one other gainful activity The most common type surveyedwas contractual work (21 320 farms) which was found to be mainly contractual agricultural work (19 820 hold-ings) Tourism was recorded for 19 300 farms 3 490 of which (18 ) were registered in Toscana while other 3 170of them (16 ) proved to be located in the small territory of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano In additionprocessing of farms products was registered for 16 710 holdings 2 500 of which (15 ) were located in Lombardia

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 and 2000

Organic farming

Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiver-sity biological cycles and soil biological activity It is based on the minimal use of off-farm inputs and on themanagement practices that restore maintain or enhance ecological harmony

In Italy the agricultural area in which organic farming is practiced grew steadily between 2003 and 2010On the other hand the number of holdings practicing organic farming showed an irregular pattern (see Table11) Nonetheless among the EU Member States Italy displayed the highest number of farms employing thistype of farming in 2010 41 920 holdings corresponding to 26 of the national farms population The Mediter-ranean peninsula also recorded the second largest UAA under organic farming 754 530 hectares accountingfor 59 of the national agricultural area

See detailed data at NUTS 2 level for 2010 2007 2005 2003 and 2000

Data sources and availabilityMethodological notesIn Italy six Agricultural censuses have been conducted since 1961 the 2010 wave was the last one Istat theItalian National Statistical Institute was the responsible body

Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM)

In 2010 a unique survey was carried out together with the agricultural census the Survey on agricultural pro-

Agricultural census in Italy 13

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 14: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

ductions methods (SAPM) This survey collected data at regional level needed to establish agri-environmentalindicators as indicated in COM final 5082006 and to evaluate the greening of the Common agricultural policyData were collected according to specifications listed in Annex V of regulation 11662008 namely data ontillage methods soil conservation landscape features animal grazing animal housing manure application ma-nure storage and treatment facilities and irrigation

In Italy no sampling was applied to the SAPM and the survey on other gainful activities ndash both were con-ducted exhaustively together with the FSS 2010

Reference period

Data on the FSS 2010 were collected as of the 24th of October 2010 However information on land useagricultural and animal production methods labour force and other gainful activities related to the farms referto the November 2009-October 2010 time frame

Threshold for agricultural holdings

In Italy regional thresholds were applied for defining the coverage of the population in 2010 they rangedfrom 02 ha to 04 ha depending on the region3All the farms with agricultural area equal or bigger than theregional threshold were surveyed Furthermore because of their economic relevance all the holdings with flow-ers and ornamental plants vegetables vineyards and fruit trees were included in the population

Common land

Only common land used for animal grazing was included in the Agricultural census 2010 Therefore com-mon land classified as wood or non agricultural area was not surveyed

Geo-reference of the holding

Information on the location of the agricultural holdings was collected directly through the questionnaire Bothquestions on the residence of the holder and on the location of the holding headquarter were asked though thelatter was only asked if the holding headquarter differed from the holderrsquos residence

Economic size

Since the FSS 2007 the standard output (SO) a new classification of the economic size of the holding hasbeen implemented The SO has replaced the standard gross margin (SGM) used before Nonetheless for com-parability reasons both classifications are available in the FSS 2007

Volume of irrigation water

The volume of water used for irrigation was estimated through a model called MARSALA It was developed bythe National Institute of Agricultural Economics (INEA) and implemented with the cooperation of ISTAT Inorder to get the appropriate variables for building the model the questionnaire on the FSS 2010 was integratedwith questions referring to irrigations In particular three main aspects were taken into account the cropsrsquoirrigation need the irrigation system efficiency and the farmersrsquo irrigation strategy

Other issues

Comparability with the FSS 2000

In 2000 all the agricultural holdings with 1 ha or more of UAA ndash or with an output of at least EUR 2 06583 ndashwere surveyed In 2010 only a physical threshold was applied it ranged from 02 ha to 04 ha depending on theregion The change in the threshold that occurred in the two reference years has an impact on the comparabilitybetween the FSS 2010 and the FSS 2000 Indeed using the 2010 thresholds on the 2000 data the number ofholdings estimated for 2000 is 2 396 274 whereas the number calculated with the 2000 threshold was 2 153 720

3More information on the population covered by the FSS 2010 as well as a table detailing all the regional thresholds can befound in the National Methodological Report (NMR) pages 24 and 25

Agricultural census in Italy 14

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 15: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

(-113 ) Considering that the number of holdings not taken into account by the 2000 threshold is high the2010 threshold was applied to the FSS 2000 dataset when possible to compare the number of farms betweenthe two reference years On the contrary as the holdings below the 2000 threshold are all very small ndash they arefarms that recorded less than 1 hectares of agricultural area in 2000 ndash the FSS 2000 data on agricultural areawere not recalculated using the 2010 threshold

In addition within the time frame under analysis a border shift occurred between Emilia-Romagna and MarcheAlthough this concerns mostly the towns of Rimini Pesaro and Urbino the time series of the two regions in-volved might have been biased

ContextEuropean Commission Rural development policy aims to improve competitiveness in agriculture and forestrythe environment and the countryside as well as to improve the quality of life in rural areas and to encouragethe diversification of rural economies

As agriculture has modernised and the importance of industry and services within the economy has increasedagriculture has become much less important as a source of jobs Consequently increasing emphasis is placedon the role farmers can play in rural development including forestry biodiversity and the diversification of therural economy in order to create alternative jobs and provide environmental protection in rural areas

The FSS continues to adapt in order to provide timely and relevant data to help analyse and follow thesedevelopments

See alsobull Agricultural census 2010

bull All articles on Italy

bull All farm structure articles by country (2007)

bull Farm structure statistics

Further Eurostat informationPublications

bull Agriculture fishery and forestry statistics mdash Main results ndash 2010-11 - 2012 edition

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2007 - Statistics in focus 842009

bull Farm Structure Survey in Italy - 2005 - Statistics in focus 222007

bull Structure of Agricultural Holdings in Italy - 2003 - Statistics in focus 122005

Main tablesbull Agriculture see

Farm structure historical data (1990-2007) (tef)

Databasebull Agriculture see

Structure of agricultural holdings (ef)

Agricultural census in Italy 15

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes
Page 16: Agricultural census in Italy Statistics Explained · Italy, the present analysis of the farm structure includes a comparison with the previous (2000) Agricultural census. Table1:

Dedicated sectionbull Farm Structure Survey

bull Agriculture

Methodology Metadatabull Farm structure (ESMS metadata file mdash efesms)

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2007 Italy

bull Methodological Report ndash FSS 2010 Italy

Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)bull Agricultural census in Italy tables and figures

Other informationbull Regulation 11662008 of 19 November 2008 on farm structure surveys and the survey on agricultural

production methods and repealing Council Regulation 57188

bull Regulation 12002009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation 11662008 on farm structure surveysand the survey on agricultural production methods as regards livestock unit coefficients and definitionsof the characteristics

External linksbull Italian Statistical Institute - Istat

Notes

Agricultural census in Italy 16

  • Main statistical findings
    • Key indicators
      • Regional key indicators
        • Agricultural holdings
          • Land use
            • Livestock
              • Labour force
                • Management practices
                  • Data sources and availability
                    • Methodological notes
                      • Context
                        • See also
                          • Further Eurostat information
                            • Publications
                            • Main tables
                            • Database
                            • Dedicated section
                            • Methodology Metadata
                            • Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
                            • Other information
                              • External links
                              • Notes