AAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

STATE VISIT OF HIS EXCELLENCY NARENDRA MODI PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA On 12 March 2015 His Excellency Narendra Modi Prime Minister of the Republic of India visited the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site as part of his state visit to Mauritius The Prime Minister was the chief guest for the 47th anniversary of the Independence of Mauritius

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FLAT ISLAND The AGTF received a grant of USD 20666 from the Embassy of the United States of America under the US Information and Educational Exchange Act for the project entitled ldquoDocumentation and Conservation of the former quarantine station in Flat Island Mauritiusrdquo Two expeditions were conducted in July 2015 in collaboration with the National Parks and Conservation Services

The International Day for Monuments and Sites is an event organised every year by the AGTF since 2006 This year the AGTF organised guided visits to the Government House State House and Bras drsquoEau National Park with the collaboration of the National Heritage Fund

INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR MONUMENTS AND SITES

Wreath Laying Ceremony at the

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

(Source AGTF Collection)

United NationsEducational Scientific and

Cultural OrganizationAapravasi Ghatinscribed on the World Heritage List in 2006

OPENING OF BEEKRUMSING RAMLALLAH INTERPRETATION CENTREThe Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre was inaugurated on 2nd November 2014 The Centre is an exhibition area that offers educative tools to support the understanding of the history of indenture and of the World Heritage Site

PPLJUDQWVmiddot3LFWXUHVGLVSODHGDWWKH5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH(Source AGTF Collection from MGI Immigration Archives collection)

Guided Visit at the Government House

(Source AGTF Collection)

Flat Island

(Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER

2nd November 2015 No 12

PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES

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HISTORY AND RESEARCH

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IN MEMORY OFUGULFHRRPDQsup2 Assad Bhuglah3DQGLWDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOsup2Dr Jimmy Harmon Q0HPRULDPU$EGXODODPQ0HPRULDP3URIDUHODNNHUNicholas Clarke

Editorial Committee0V$ampKXPPXQ ampKDLUSHUVRQ0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUH0UV65DPODOODK RDUG0HPEHU$7)U$-DKDQJHHUampKRMRR 5HSUHVHQWDWLYHRI0DKDWPDDQGKLQVWLWXWH0U5DOODK RDUG0HPEHU$7)0UVamp)RUHVW +HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW$7)0U63HHUWKXP +LVWRULDQ$7)0Vamp0LDR)RK 5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)Special thanks to Ms B D Bahadoor Research Assistant AGTF

Content Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER

2

Pg 7 - 24

Pg 25 - 45

Pg 46 - 51

Editorial On 2nd November 2015 the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund is commemorating the 181th anniversary of the arrival of the indentured labourers in Mauritius is specic event refers to the arrival of the 36 Bihari contract workers on board the ship the Atlas who reached Mauritian shores after a long and harrowing voyage

Sirdar Sooroop Sabaram his assistant Dookhun and their fellow immigrants signed a 5-year indenture group contract to work for George Charles Arbuthnot a British planter on Antoinette Sugar Estate also known as Phooliyar in the Riviegravere du Rempart district Little is known about this indenture site As a result this 2nd

November AGTF is inviting all Mauritians to discover the rich history and heritage of important sites such as Antoinette through the publication of a booklet

Our built heritage is an important witness of the past e preservation and valorization of heritage sites are primordial for the recognition of national landmarks resting on the development of a deeper knowledge of Mauritian history e Aapravasi Ghat World Site is a tangible and paramount symbol of Mauritian identity since the ancestors of the majority of the present-day population arrived on the island through this immigration depot

In July 2006 the inscription of the Aapravasi Ghat on the World Heritage List was an honour and prestige because Mauritius was recognized as a key place on the international cultural heritage map As a World Heritage Site the Aapravasi Ghat does not only belong to the Mauritian people but also to humanity

It is a unique site which embodies key values for mankind As a lieu de meacutemoire it is playing a crucial role in bolstering our national unity and preserving our values us the Aapravasi Ghat forms a cornerstone of our Mauritian cultural heritage

Ever since 2001 the Mauritian government has given greater consideration to saving and preserving this unique heritage site Between December 2014 and October 2015 several projects have been initiated with a view to preserving this site of national regional and international importance for future generations

As part of its actions to better integrate heritage in the lives of Mauritians AGTF is implementing the Local Economic Development Plan Project which will identify economic opportunities in the Aapravasi Ghat Buer Zone To preserve our heritage the Trianon Barracks Conservation Project is still in progress to restore the former lodging for the indentured labourers After restoration the Trianon heritage site will be part of a cultural trail on indenture is project is part of the Indentured Labour Route project establishing a network of 26 countries who have experienced indenture e Indentured Labour Route project will also include the results of research on elements of intangible cultural heritage that have been thoroughly documented with more than 800 oral interviews from descendants of indentured workers

AGTF has also undertaken pluri-disciplinary research with the support of international scholars on important indenture sites such as Bras drsquoEau Flat Island Antoinette (Phooliyar) and Bois Marchand Cemetery e results of 10 years of research were the basis for the display of the newly-opened Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre (BRIC) that has received more than 34000 visitors to date including tourists school children and elderly citizens In accordance with the AGTF Act BRIC is playing a key role in the dissemination of knowledge about the Mauritian experience with indentured labour among our fellow citizens

Lastly the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund is committed to fullling its mission statement and to promoting the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site as a local regional and international site

Dharam Yash Deo DhunyChairman Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund2nd November 2015

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5

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Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

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e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

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e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

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Indenture Labour Route

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Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

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Flat Island

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Bras Drsquoeau

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Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

QWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHth$QQLYHUVDURIWKHDUULYDORI WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV LQ0DXULWLXVWKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH5ampZDV LQDXJXUDWHGRQnd1RYHPEHUDQGRSHQHGWRWKHSXEOLF

7KH RSHQLQJRI WKH QWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHPDUNVDQLPSRUWDQWVWHSLQWKHOLIHRIRXULQVWLWXWLRQDQG LQ WKDW RI WKH FRXQWU LW LV WKH ILUVW SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVDQGDPRQJWKHUDUHRQHVLQWKHZRUOG

The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

UDLVHDZDUHQHVVRQWKHKLVWRURI3RUWRXLVLQ

FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

Q LWV GHFLVLRQV amp20 amp20 DQG amp20 WKH 81(6amp2RUOG +HULWDJH ampHQWUH UHTXHVWHG WKHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVWRWDNHQHFHVVDUDFWLRQWRSUHVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHKLVWRULFDOEXLOGLQJVLQWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUWDQGWRSXWLQSODFHPHFKDQLVPVWKDWHQVXUHLQWHJUDWHGPDQDJHPHQW RI WKH DUHD 7KHVH WZR REMHFWLYHVZHUH SDUWLDOO DFKLHYHG ZLWK WKH SURFODPDWLRQ RIWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRU WKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUW 33LVVXHGLQDQGWKHUHYLVLRQRIWKH0DQDJHPHQWPlan in 2013

7KH 9LVLRQ RI WKH 33 DGYRFDWHV XUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQ WKURXJK KHULWDJH UHKDELOLWDWLRQ LQ OLQHZLWKWKHUHFHQWGHEDWHVOHGEamp2026DQG81(6amp2RQWKHXVHRIKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQW7KLVFRQFHSWWRXVHKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQWLVD VWUDWHJ DW WKH FRUH RI WKH 33DQG WKH2XWOLQH3ODQQLQJ6FKHPHIRU3RUWRXLVWKDWUHIOHFWVWKH81(6amp2middotV+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHampRQFHSW

$WD WLPHZKHQ WKH81(6amp2 LVSUHSDULQJDSROLFGRFXPHQW IRU WKH LQWHJUDWLRQRIDVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW SHUVSHFWLYH LQWR WKH SURFHVVHV RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJHampRQYHQWLRQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDRFDO(FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQ LV WKH QH[W VWHSWRZDUGV WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKLV YLVLRQ 7KLV SURMHFWLQWHQGV WR IRVWHU WKH UHYLYDO RI WKH KHULWDJH ORFDWHG

LQWKHampLWampHQWUHDVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH ( SODQ LV WRpropose measures to the Government to develop an HQDEOLQJ HQYLURQPHQW IRU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWWKDWDGYRFDWHVWKHDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHQWKLVLQLWLDWLYHWKHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHLVFULWLFDOLWLVDPHDQVWRUHYLYHWKHLGHQWLWRIWKHFLWDQGSUHYHQWWKHZRUOGZLGH VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ WKDW JUDGXDOO HUDVHV ORFDOVSHFLILFLWLHV 7KH GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHVWRWKHEHQHILWRIDVWDQGDUGL]HGZRUOGKDVDQLPSDFWRQWKHVHQVHRISODFHDQGLWVDWWUDFWLYHQHVVEHFDXVHLWUHQGHUVDSODFHOLNHDQRWKHULQWKHZRUOG

$ZHOOGHILQHG(3ODQWKDWDGGUHVVHVVKRUWDVZHOO DV ORQJWHUPGHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVZLOOhelp to steer and secure development at the local level LQDZDWKDWZLOOEHQHILWWKHFRXQWUDWODUJHVXFKDVSURPRWLQJGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU

16

)ROORZLQJWKHLQVFULSWLRQRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQWKHRUOG+HULWDJHLVWD3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH33ZDVLVVXHGLQ-XQHWRHQVXUHEHWWHUPDQDJHPHQW RI GHYHORSPHQW SURMHFWV LQ WKH XIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUW$+3 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKLV SODQQLQJ GRFXPHQWLV WRJXLGHGHYHORSPHQW LQ WKHKHULWDJHDUHD VRDVWR SURWHFW WKH 2XWVWDQGLQJ 8QLYHUVDO 9DOXH 289LQWHJULWDQGDXWKHQWLFLWRIWKHampRUH=RQHDQGXIIHU=RQHRIWKHRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUW

QRUGHUWRPHHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH33DGHYHORSPHQWYLVLRQZDVHVWDEOLVKHG7KLVYLVLRQIRUWKHVXUURXQGLQJVRIWKH$+3LVWRGHYHORSWKHSODFHLQWRDYLEUDQWDUHDWKDWZLOODGGYDOXHWRWKHampLWRI3RUWRXLVDQGWREULQJEHQHILWVWRSURSHUWRZQHUVWKHEXVLQHVV VHFWRUDVZHOO DVRWKHU VWDNHKROGHUV LQWKHDUHDDQGWKHQDWLRQDWODUJH

LWK WKH DGRSWLRQ RI WKH 33 WKH RFDOGovernment Act was amended in 2011 so as to set XSD7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHHIRUWKHXIIHU=RQH=RIWKH$+37KHUROHRI WKLV7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHH LVWRHQVXUHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH33EWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampamp3DQGDVVHVVGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKH=7KHampRPPLWWHHLVFKDLUHGEWKH+HDGRIWKHDQG8VHDQG3ODQQLQJHSDUWPHQWDQGFRPSULVHVRI UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IURPYDULRXV0LQLVWULHVVXFKDVWKDWUHVSRQVLEOHIRU$UWVDQGampXOWXUH+RXVLQJDQGDQGV3XEOLFQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGDQG7UDQVSRUW7RXULVPDQG([WHUQDOampRPPXQLFDWLRQV(QYLURQPHQW6XVWDLQDEOH HYHORSPHQW DQG LVDVWHU DQG HDFK0DQDJHPHQWDVZHOODVUHOHYDQWERGLHVVXFKDVWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampKDLU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGDQG0DXULWLXV3RUWV$XWKRULW

$SSOLFDWLRQVIRUXLOGLQJDQGDQG8VH3HUPLW3LQWKH=RIWKH$+3DUHSURFHVVHGDVIROORZVEWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLV

WůĂŶŶŝŶŐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ

dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ

WĞƌŵŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŽŵŵŝƩĞĞWDͿ

džĞĐƵƟǀĞŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ

6LQFHWKHFRPLQJLQWRIRUFHRIWKH33YDULRXVWSHVRIGHYHORSPHQWKDYHEHHQQRWHGLQWKH=

ampKDQJH LQXVHHJFRQYHUVLRQ IURPWH[WLOHVKRS WRrestaurant

0LQRUPXOWLSOHVPDOOPDLQWHQDQFHVLQJOHELJUHSDLU

0RGHUDWH PXOWLSOH VPDOO UHSDLUV VLQJOH ELJreplacementwhole repair

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DĂƉϭƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚfrom January 2005 to June 2011

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

ƌĂƉŚƐŚŽǁŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

0RUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKH=RIWKH$+3DQGSURFHGXUHVIRUGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVDUHDYDLODEOHRQKWWSZZZDDSUDYDVLJKDWRUJRUDWWKHPlanning and Land Use Department of the City Council of Port Louis

17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

WŽƌƚgtŽƵŝƐDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŚĞĂƚƌĞŝŶϭϵϯϱ^ŽƵƌĐĞdŽƵƐƐĂŝŶƚWŽƌƚgtŽƵŝƐĚĞƵdžƐŝğĐůĞƐĚŚŝƐƚŽŝƌĞͿ

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$W WKDW SHULRG PDQ HSLGHPLFV ZHUH UDJLQJ RQ WKHLVODQGFDXVLQJDORWRIGHDWKXHWRWKHVHHSLGHPLFVLWZDVQHFHVVDUWRRSHQDQHZFHPHWHUDW5RFKHRLVDQGDQRWKHURQHWRZHVWRI3RUWRXLV

7KH ampLYLO +RVSLWDO FRXOG QRW DFFRPPRGDWH WKH ODUJHQXPEHU RI SDWLHQWV VR WKH ampRXQFLO GHFLGHG WR RSHQ Dsecond hospital at Grande Riviegravere

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9DULRXVRXWEUHDNVRIYLROHQWFFORQHVILUHVDQGIORRGVcaused immense harm to the population OLNH WKHDQGKXUULFDQHVDQGWKHILUHRI

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7KH ampRXQFLO LPSURYHG H[LVWLQJ OLJKWLQJ VVWHP ZRRGHQSROHVZHUHUHSODFHGELURQODPSVDQGDQRWKHU300 were erected or repaired and repainted

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2QHRIWKH0XQLFLSDOampRXQFLOmiddotVPDMRUFRQFHUQVZDVWRconstruct repair maintain and clean the drains sewers JXWWHUVDQGFURVVJXWWHUVLQWKHWRZQ

$QRWKHUPDMRUFRQFHUQZDVWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIZDWHUVHUYLFHVLQWKHWRZQ7KH0XQLFLSDOLWGHFLGHGWRFRQVWUXFWDQGPDLQWDLQIRXQWDLQVEDWKVDQGZDVKLQJSODFHVWRZKLFKSXEOLF KDG DFFHVV DQG WR HQVXUH EHWWHU TXDOLW RI ZDWHU)LOWUDWLRQEDVLQVZHUHFRQVWUXFWHGDW3DLOOHV

7KH IORRG GHVWURHG WKHZDWHUZRUNV RIUDQGRiver North West

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

2Q)HEUXDUWKHamp(2RI0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP ampKHUU 6LQJK LQYLWHG WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWTrust Fund at the 11thampKHTXH3UHVHQWDWLRQampHUHPRQIRU LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG 12V VXSSRUWHG E 0DXULWLXVTelecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

7KH UHVWRUDWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH 7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH 6LWH VWDUWHG LQ $XJXVW ZLWK WKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDampRQVHUYDWLRQ3ODQIRU WKHDUUDFNVDQGLVH[SHFWHGWREHFRPSOHWHGE7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRIWKLVFRQVHUYDWLRQSURMHFWDUH

7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

7RFRQVHUYHWKHH[LVWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHVWRUHWKHURRIRIWKHEDUUDFNV

7R HQVXUH WKH LQWHJULW DQG DXWKHQWLFLW RI WKH 7ULDQRQDUUDFNVVLWH

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7RSURPRWHDQGPDLQWDLQRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGKHDUWLOWKDQNVWKH0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP)RXQGDWLRQIRUVXSSRUWLQJWKLVSURMHFW

(YHU HDU RQ -XO WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG RUJDQLVHV D ampRQVXOWDWLYH ampRPPLWWHH LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHDQQLYHUVDURIWKHLQVFULSWLRQRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQWKH81(6amp2RUOG+HULWDJHOLVW7KH FRQVXOWDWLYH FRPPLWWHH LV D IRUXP IRUPHHWLQJVDQGGLVFXVVLRQZLWKWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW

7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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WKH0LQLVWHURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHDQGWKHRUG0DRURI 3RUW RXLV 0U 0RKDPPDG 2XPDU KROHHJDQ7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH$7)SUHVHQWHGDUHWURVSHFWLYHRI SURMHFWV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH HDU DQG IXWXUHSURMHFWV IRU 7KH $7) WHDP SUHVHQWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

6XPPDURQ WKHDSSOLFDWLRQV IRUGHYHORSPHQW LQWKH$+3XIIHU=RQHIURP-XQHWRHFHPEHU E 0UV 1DWDVKD KHGGRR5DPFKDULWDU5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)

7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK RQ QGHQWXUH LQ0DXULWLXVEUULVK6HHWDK8QLYHUVLWRI6WDQIRUG86$

7KHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHDIWHU LWV RSHQLQJ YLVLWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV E0U 9LNUDP0XJRQ+HULWDJHQWHUSUHWDWLRQ0DQDJHU$7)

Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

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XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES

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HISTORY AND RESEARCH

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IN MEMORY OFUGULFHRRPDQsup2 Assad Bhuglah3DQGLWDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOsup2Dr Jimmy Harmon Q0HPRULDPU$EGXODODPQ0HPRULDP3URIDUHODNNHUNicholas Clarke

Editorial Committee0V$ampKXPPXQ ampKDLUSHUVRQ0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUH0UV65DPODOODK RDUG0HPEHU$7)U$-DKDQJHHUampKRMRR 5HSUHVHQWDWLYHRI0DKDWPDDQGKLQVWLWXWH0U5DOODK RDUG0HPEHU$7)0UVamp)RUHVW +HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW$7)0U63HHUWKXP +LVWRULDQ$7)0Vamp0LDR)RK 5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)Special thanks to Ms B D Bahadoor Research Assistant AGTF

Content Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER

2

Pg 7 - 24

Pg 25 - 45

Pg 46 - 51

Editorial On 2nd November 2015 the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund is commemorating the 181th anniversary of the arrival of the indentured labourers in Mauritius is specic event refers to the arrival of the 36 Bihari contract workers on board the ship the Atlas who reached Mauritian shores after a long and harrowing voyage

Sirdar Sooroop Sabaram his assistant Dookhun and their fellow immigrants signed a 5-year indenture group contract to work for George Charles Arbuthnot a British planter on Antoinette Sugar Estate also known as Phooliyar in the Riviegravere du Rempart district Little is known about this indenture site As a result this 2nd

November AGTF is inviting all Mauritians to discover the rich history and heritage of important sites such as Antoinette through the publication of a booklet

Our built heritage is an important witness of the past e preservation and valorization of heritage sites are primordial for the recognition of national landmarks resting on the development of a deeper knowledge of Mauritian history e Aapravasi Ghat World Site is a tangible and paramount symbol of Mauritian identity since the ancestors of the majority of the present-day population arrived on the island through this immigration depot

In July 2006 the inscription of the Aapravasi Ghat on the World Heritage List was an honour and prestige because Mauritius was recognized as a key place on the international cultural heritage map As a World Heritage Site the Aapravasi Ghat does not only belong to the Mauritian people but also to humanity

It is a unique site which embodies key values for mankind As a lieu de meacutemoire it is playing a crucial role in bolstering our national unity and preserving our values us the Aapravasi Ghat forms a cornerstone of our Mauritian cultural heritage

Ever since 2001 the Mauritian government has given greater consideration to saving and preserving this unique heritage site Between December 2014 and October 2015 several projects have been initiated with a view to preserving this site of national regional and international importance for future generations

As part of its actions to better integrate heritage in the lives of Mauritians AGTF is implementing the Local Economic Development Plan Project which will identify economic opportunities in the Aapravasi Ghat Buer Zone To preserve our heritage the Trianon Barracks Conservation Project is still in progress to restore the former lodging for the indentured labourers After restoration the Trianon heritage site will be part of a cultural trail on indenture is project is part of the Indentured Labour Route project establishing a network of 26 countries who have experienced indenture e Indentured Labour Route project will also include the results of research on elements of intangible cultural heritage that have been thoroughly documented with more than 800 oral interviews from descendants of indentured workers

AGTF has also undertaken pluri-disciplinary research with the support of international scholars on important indenture sites such as Bras drsquoEau Flat Island Antoinette (Phooliyar) and Bois Marchand Cemetery e results of 10 years of research were the basis for the display of the newly-opened Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre (BRIC) that has received more than 34000 visitors to date including tourists school children and elderly citizens In accordance with the AGTF Act BRIC is playing a key role in the dissemination of knowledge about the Mauritian experience with indentured labour among our fellow citizens

Lastly the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund is committed to fullling its mission statement and to promoting the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site as a local regional and international site

Dharam Yash Deo DhunyChairman Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund2nd November 2015

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Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

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FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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7KH 9LVLRQ RI WKH 33 DGYRFDWHV XUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQ WKURXJK KHULWDJH UHKDELOLWDWLRQ LQ OLQHZLWKWKHUHFHQWGHEDWHVOHGEamp2026DQG81(6amp2RQWKHXVHRIKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQW7KLVFRQFHSWWRXVHKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQWLVD VWUDWHJ DW WKH FRUH RI WKH 33DQG WKH2XWOLQH3ODQQLQJ6FKHPHIRU3RUWRXLVWKDWUHIOHFWVWKH81(6amp2middotV+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHampRQFHSW

$WD WLPHZKHQ WKH81(6amp2 LVSUHSDULQJDSROLFGRFXPHQW IRU WKH LQWHJUDWLRQRIDVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW SHUVSHFWLYH LQWR WKH SURFHVVHV RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJHampRQYHQWLRQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDRFDO(FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQ LV WKH QH[W VWHSWRZDUGV WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKLV YLVLRQ 7KLV SURMHFWLQWHQGV WR IRVWHU WKH UHYLYDO RI WKH KHULWDJH ORFDWHG

LQWKHampLWampHQWUHDVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH ( SODQ LV WRpropose measures to the Government to develop an HQDEOLQJ HQYLURQPHQW IRU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWWKDWDGYRFDWHVWKHDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHQWKLVLQLWLDWLYHWKHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHLVFULWLFDOLWLVDPHDQVWRUHYLYHWKHLGHQWLWRIWKHFLWDQGSUHYHQWWKHZRUOGZLGH VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ WKDW JUDGXDOO HUDVHV ORFDOVSHFLILFLWLHV 7KH GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHVWRWKHEHQHILWRIDVWDQGDUGL]HGZRUOGKDVDQLPSDFWRQWKHVHQVHRISODFHDQGLWVDWWUDFWLYHQHVVEHFDXVHLWUHQGHUVDSODFHOLNHDQRWKHULQWKHZRUOG

$ZHOOGHILQHG(3ODQWKDWDGGUHVVHVVKRUWDVZHOO DV ORQJWHUPGHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVZLOOhelp to steer and secure development at the local level LQDZDWKDWZLOOEHQHILWWKHFRXQWUDWODUJHVXFKDVSURPRWLQJGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU

16

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LWK WKH DGRSWLRQ RI WKH 33 WKH RFDOGovernment Act was amended in 2011 so as to set XSD7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHHIRUWKHXIIHU=RQH=RIWKH$+37KHUROHRI WKLV7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHH LVWRHQVXUHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH33EWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampamp3DQGDVVHVVGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKH=7KHampRPPLWWHHLVFKDLUHGEWKH+HDGRIWKHDQG8VHDQG3ODQQLQJHSDUWPHQWDQGFRPSULVHVRI UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IURPYDULRXV0LQLVWULHVVXFKDVWKDWUHVSRQVLEOHIRU$UWVDQGampXOWXUH+RXVLQJDQGDQGV3XEOLFQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGDQG7UDQVSRUW7RXULVPDQG([WHUQDOampRPPXQLFDWLRQV(QYLURQPHQW6XVWDLQDEOH HYHORSPHQW DQG LVDVWHU DQG HDFK0DQDJHPHQWDVZHOODVUHOHYDQWERGLHVVXFKDVWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampKDLU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGDQG0DXULWLXV3RUWV$XWKRULW

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DĂƉϭƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚfrom January 2005 to June 2011

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

ƌĂƉŚƐŚŽǁŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

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17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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18

dŚĞƌĂƐĚĂƵ^ƵŐĂƌƐƚĂƚĞBabita D Bahadoor Research Assistant

Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

2XWVLGH0DXULWLXV VPDOOSR[ H[LVWHG LQPDQSODFHVDURXQGWKHQGLDQ2FHDQXQWLOUHFHQWWLPHVXWYDVWYDFFLQDWLRQFDPSDLJQVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGE+2LQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHthFHQWXUFRPSOHWHOHUDGLFDWHG VPDOOSR[ E DQG ULG KXPDQLW RIWKLV VFRXUJH $ GLVHDVH WKDW KDG H[LVWHG IURP WLPHLPPHPRULDOLVQRZH[WLQFW

$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

ŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŽũƉƵƌŝ^ƉĞĂŬŝŶŐhŶŝŽŶ

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8QWLOWKHVQRVHULRXVVWHSZDVWDNHQWRJLYH KRMSXUL SURPLQHQFH RU UHVSHFWDELOLW $PRQJWKHQGLDQIROGLWVHOI LWZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVDacutePRWLDmicroFRDUVH RU URXJK ODQJXDJH RU GLDOHFW DV RSSRVHGWRWKHUHILQHGEKDVKDRI+LQGLODQJXDJHRISUHVWLJHXWLOL]HG LQ WKH FXOWXUHGPLOLHX W ZDV FRQVLGHUHG DVldquolangazrdquo RIacutebitasionrdquo or ldquola campagnerdquo ldquoban gense lardquo YLVjYLV WKH ampUHROH SRSXODWLRQ RU XUEDQLVHGQGLDQVDQGRWKHUGRPLQDQWODQJXDJHVVXFKDV)UHQFK7KLV VWLJPD SHUVLVWV WLOO GDWH KHQFH WKH GLPLQLVKLQJSURSRUWLRQRILWVXVHUVDPRQJVRPHRIWKHXUEDQLVHGRXQJHUJHQHUDWLRQ7KHIHHOXQFRPIRUWDEOHWRXVHLWDQGZDQWWRWXFNLWDWWKHEDFNRIWKHLUFRQVFLRXVQHVVQ WKH HDUO GDV DV ODWH DV WKH V SHRSOH RIKRMSXULRULJLQZHUHUHIHUUHGWRDVCalcuttias and the ODQJXDJHWKHVSRNHDVCalcuttiaLWVHOIEHFDXVHWKHcame to Mauritius and to the other plantation Girmitia FRORQLHVWKURXJKWKHSRUWRIampDOFXWWDZKLFKZDVWKHQWKHFDSLWDORIULWLVKQGLD

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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$V0DXULWLXVZDV WKH ILUVW SRVW RI WKH paraUHDW([SHULPHQWmiddot ZKLFK SURYHG WUHPHQGRXVO VXFFHVVIXODQGUHFUXLWPHQWIRU0DXULWLXVZDVSULPDULOIURPLKDUDQG (DVWHUQ 83 DQG ampKRWWD 1DJSXU LQ WKH HDUOLHUSHULRGVWKHUHLVDVWURQJHUSUHVHQFHRIKRMSXULKHUHWKDQ HOVHZKHUH KRMSXUL EHFDPH WKH SUHGRPLQDQWODQJXDJH RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ IDYRXUHG E WKH EDFNWREDFNEDUUDFNVDQGFORVHQHVVRISHRSOH IDYRXULQJLQWHUDFWLRQ (YHQ WKH FRUQHU ampKLQHVH VKRSNHHSHU LQWKHYLOODJHDQGWKHZKLWH FRORQmicroFRQYHUVHGLQKRMSXULZLWKWKHZRUNHUV$OOWKHRWKHUOLQJXLVWLFUHVLGXHVZHUHVORZODEVRUEHGWRKRMSXULDVLWEHFDPHDYLJRURXVLQJXD)UDQFDLQUXUDO0DXULWLXV2IDOOWKHGLDVSRULFcountries Mauritius is one case in point where the KRMSXULDKDVHPHUJHGDVDVWURQJVRFLDO OLQJXLVWLFDQG SROLWLFDO IRUFH $OWKRXJK GXULQJ PXFK RI WKHHDUOLHUDQGPLGGOHSDUWRIWKHODVWFHQWXULWVXIIHUHGDVDQLQIHULRUL]HGODQJXDJHWKHWUHQGLVVWLOOSUHVHQWLI ZH DQDOVH PHGLD VWDWHPHQWV W NHHSV RQ EHLQJQHJOHFWHG DQG UHODJDWHG WR D VHFRQGDU SRVLWLRQ DWWLPHVEWKHDXWKRULWLHVDVZHOODVWKHPHGLDZKRJLYHLW EXW D WLPLG FRQVLGHUDWLRQ +RZHYHU RQH VKRXOG

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Editorial On 2nd November 2015 the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund is commemorating the 181th anniversary of the arrival of the indentured labourers in Mauritius is specic event refers to the arrival of the 36 Bihari contract workers on board the ship the Atlas who reached Mauritian shores after a long and harrowing voyage

Sirdar Sooroop Sabaram his assistant Dookhun and their fellow immigrants signed a 5-year indenture group contract to work for George Charles Arbuthnot a British planter on Antoinette Sugar Estate also known as Phooliyar in the Riviegravere du Rempart district Little is known about this indenture site As a result this 2nd

November AGTF is inviting all Mauritians to discover the rich history and heritage of important sites such as Antoinette through the publication of a booklet

Our built heritage is an important witness of the past e preservation and valorization of heritage sites are primordial for the recognition of national landmarks resting on the development of a deeper knowledge of Mauritian history e Aapravasi Ghat World Site is a tangible and paramount symbol of Mauritian identity since the ancestors of the majority of the present-day population arrived on the island through this immigration depot

In July 2006 the inscription of the Aapravasi Ghat on the World Heritage List was an honour and prestige because Mauritius was recognized as a key place on the international cultural heritage map As a World Heritage Site the Aapravasi Ghat does not only belong to the Mauritian people but also to humanity

It is a unique site which embodies key values for mankind As a lieu de meacutemoire it is playing a crucial role in bolstering our national unity and preserving our values us the Aapravasi Ghat forms a cornerstone of our Mauritian cultural heritage

Ever since 2001 the Mauritian government has given greater consideration to saving and preserving this unique heritage site Between December 2014 and October 2015 several projects have been initiated with a view to preserving this site of national regional and international importance for future generations

As part of its actions to better integrate heritage in the lives of Mauritians AGTF is implementing the Local Economic Development Plan Project which will identify economic opportunities in the Aapravasi Ghat Buer Zone To preserve our heritage the Trianon Barracks Conservation Project is still in progress to restore the former lodging for the indentured labourers After restoration the Trianon heritage site will be part of a cultural trail on indenture is project is part of the Indentured Labour Route project establishing a network of 26 countries who have experienced indenture e Indentured Labour Route project will also include the results of research on elements of intangible cultural heritage that have been thoroughly documented with more than 800 oral interviews from descendants of indentured workers

AGTF has also undertaken pluri-disciplinary research with the support of international scholars on important indenture sites such as Bras drsquoEau Flat Island Antoinette (Phooliyar) and Bois Marchand Cemetery e results of 10 years of research were the basis for the display of the newly-opened Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre (BRIC) that has received more than 34000 visitors to date including tourists school children and elderly citizens In accordance with the AGTF Act BRIC is playing a key role in the dissemination of knowledge about the Mauritian experience with indentured labour among our fellow citizens

Lastly the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund is committed to fullling its mission statement and to promoting the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site as a local regional and international site

Dharam Yash Deo DhunyChairman Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund2nd November 2015

3

4

5

6

7

8

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

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Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

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Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

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Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

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Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

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7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

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2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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7KH 9LVLRQ RI WKH 33 DGYRFDWHV XUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQ WKURXJK KHULWDJH UHKDELOLWDWLRQ LQ OLQHZLWKWKHUHFHQWGHEDWHVOHGEamp2026DQG81(6amp2RQWKHXVHRIKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQW7KLVFRQFHSWWRXVHKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQWLVD VWUDWHJ DW WKH FRUH RI WKH 33DQG WKH2XWOLQH3ODQQLQJ6FKHPHIRU3RUWRXLVWKDWUHIOHFWVWKH81(6amp2middotV+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHampRQFHSW

$WD WLPHZKHQ WKH81(6amp2 LVSUHSDULQJDSROLFGRFXPHQW IRU WKH LQWHJUDWLRQRIDVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW SHUVSHFWLYH LQWR WKH SURFHVVHV RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJHampRQYHQWLRQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDRFDO(FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQ LV WKH QH[W VWHSWRZDUGV WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKLV YLVLRQ 7KLV SURMHFWLQWHQGV WR IRVWHU WKH UHYLYDO RI WKH KHULWDJH ORFDWHG

LQWKHampLWampHQWUHDVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH ( SODQ LV WRpropose measures to the Government to develop an HQDEOLQJ HQYLURQPHQW IRU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWWKDWDGYRFDWHVWKHDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHQWKLVLQLWLDWLYHWKHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHLVFULWLFDOLWLVDPHDQVWRUHYLYHWKHLGHQWLWRIWKHFLWDQGSUHYHQWWKHZRUOGZLGH VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ WKDW JUDGXDOO HUDVHV ORFDOVSHFLILFLWLHV 7KH GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHVWRWKHEHQHILWRIDVWDQGDUGL]HGZRUOGKDVDQLPSDFWRQWKHVHQVHRISODFHDQGLWVDWWUDFWLYHQHVVEHFDXVHLWUHQGHUVDSODFHOLNHDQRWKHULQWKHZRUOG

$ZHOOGHILQHG(3ODQWKDWDGGUHVVHVVKRUWDVZHOO DV ORQJWHUPGHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVZLOOhelp to steer and secure development at the local level LQDZDWKDWZLOOEHQHILWWKHFRXQWUDWODUJHVXFKDVSURPRWLQJGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU

16

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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18

dŚĞƌĂƐĚĂƵ^ƵŐĂƌƐƚĂƚĞBabita D Bahadoor Research Assistant

Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

7KH QWDQJLEOH ampXOWXUDO +HULWDJH amp+SURMHFWVFDUULHGRXWE$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGDUHDOOFRPPXQLWEDVHGSURMHFWV7KH81(6amp2middotVampRQYHQWLRQ IRU WKH 6DIHJXDUGLQJ RI WKH QWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHSXWVWKHFRPPXQLWLHVDWWKHIRUHIURQWLWKRXWFRPPXQLWLHVmiddotLQYROYHPHQWDQGSDUWLFLSDWLRQLGHQWLILFDWLRQ VDIHJXDUG DQG WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI amp+DUHSUDFWLFDOOLPSRVVLEOH7KHWHFKQLFDORIILFHUVDQGUHVHDUFKHUVPRQLWRUDQGIDFLOLWDWHWKHSURJUHVVRIamp+

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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+XQGUHGV RI OLIH KLVWRULHV RI GHVFHQWV RIQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHUHUHFRUGHGEWKH$7)VLQFH LQFOXGLQJ DQ LQYHQWRU RQ QWDQJLEOH ampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH UHODWHG WR LQGHQWXUH 7KLV KDV UHVXOWHG LQGHYHORSLQJ D GDWDEDVH RQ OLIH KLVWRULHV FDSWXULQJWDOHV ULGGOHV VWRULHV WUDGLWLRQDO IRON VRQJV JDPHVFUDIWVPDQVKLS EHOLHI VVWHP ULWHV DQG ULWXDOV 7KLVZRUNFRQVLVWLQJLQFROOHFWLQJPHPRULHVDQGLQWDQJLEOHFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHZLOOFRQWLQXHDW7ULDQRQ6XJDU(VWDWHORFDWHGLQ6DLQW-HDQ4XDWUHVRUQHVLQRUGHUWRJDLQDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFRQWH[WRISHUIRUPDQFHIRUWKHQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH

Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

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Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddotVODQGFRQFHVVLRQEWKHFRORQLDOODQGWULEXQDOHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV1DXGXVHGKLVVODYHVWRFOHDU WKH IRUHVW GHYHORS WKH ODQG DQG WUDQVIRUP LWLQWRDVPDOOHVWDWHZKHUHKHJUHZVRPHVXJDUVSLFHVDQG YHJHWDEOHVZKLOH WKH UHVW RI WKH ODQGZDV XVHGIRUJUD]LQJE OLYHVWRFNXULQJ WKHHDUOVKHWXUQHGLWLQWRDVXJDUHVWDWHZLWKDVPDOOVXJDUIDFWRUDQGZKHUHDOFRKROZDVPDQXIDFWXUHG+HHPSORHGVFRUHVRIVODYHVDQGPDGHHQRXJKSURILWVWRSXUFKDVHODQGDGMDFHQWWRWKHHVWDWHDQGKHDOVRREWDLQHGVRPHDGGLWLRQDO ODQG FRQFHVVLRQV 7KH VL]H RI KLV HVWDWHJUHZIURPDUSHQWVWRPRUHWKDQDUSHQWV

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

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HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

ŚĂŝƌƉĞƌƐŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŽũƉƵƌŝ^ƉĞĂŬŝŶŐhŶŝŽŶ

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31

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

3URVSHU (YH HVWLPH TXmiddotHQWUH HW OmiddotvOH DFFXHLOOH LQGLHQV H SLF GmiddotLPPLJUDWLRQVH VLWXHUDLW YHUV GDWH j ODTXHOOH OH QRPEUHGmiddotHQWUpHVHVWpYDOXpj2

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middotLPPLJUDWLRQGHYUDLWVHORQOXLcopyDPHQHUOHVSHXSOHVHQFRUHGDQVOmiddotHQIDQFHDXVHLQGHVQDWLRQVFLYLOLVpHVordfGmiddotXQHPDQLqUHcopyOLEUHHWFRQVHQWLHordf

DQpFHVVLWpDEVROXHGHUHFUXWHUGDQVOmiddotQGHVXLWHjODdispersion des anciens esclaves

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middotRFFDVLRQ GH PRQWUHU j Omiddot$QJOHWHUUH TXH OHVLPPLJUDQWV pWDLHQW ELHQ WUDLWpV O UDSSHOOH OH IDLWVXLYDQW OHQDYLUHcopymiddotOHRXUERQordfDDQWGpEDUTXpen 1856 des coolies provisoirement on eut toutes les SHLQHVj OHVUpHPEDUTXHUSRXU ODXDGHORXSH OHXUGHVWLQDWLRQ ILQDOH(QHIIHW OH FRQYRLGmiddotLQGLHQVDYDLWSULVFRQWDFWDYHFOHVHQJDJpVGHRXUERQHWUHIXVDLWGHUHPRQWHUVXUOHEDWHDXFHTXLIXWIDLWSDUODIRUFH

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

4

5

6

7

8

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

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e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

7KHSURMHFWZDVGHILQHGDVDQREMHFWRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$FWGHILQLQJWKHVHWWLQJXSRIDQinterpretation centre under section 4 (c)

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

$7)UHFHLYHGDWRWDODPRXQWRI86IURPWKH3DUWLFLSDWLRQ3URJUDPPHRI81(6amp2WR HQOLVW WKH VHUYLFHV RI DQ H[SHUW LQ +HULWDJH(FRQRPLFVIRUWKHEXIIHU]RQH7KHSUHSDUDWLRQRI D RFDO (FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQZDVUHFRPPHQGHGWRLGHQWLIHFRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ WKH EXIIHU ]RQH VXUURXQGLQJ WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGVXEPLWUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRDFKLHYHWKHVHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIWKHRYHUQPHQW

7KHREMHFWLYHRI WKH(3ODQLV WRIRVWHUHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW7KHJRDO LV WRFRQVROLGDWHDQGLPSURYHWKHH[LVWLQJIUDPHZRUNEGLUHFWLQJGHYHORSPHQWWRZDUGVWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQHQKDQFHPHQWDQGDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHZKLOHGLPLQLVKLQJWKHWKUHDWRILWVGHPROLWLRQ7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVHUYHWKHYLVLRQIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWDWHGLQWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFHWRFUHDWHDGQDPLFKLVWRULFFHQWUHLQWKHampDSLWDOampLWRI0DXULWLXV

e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

7KH ampRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH +HULWDJH 6LWH ZKLFKVWDUWHG LQ 0D ZRXOG EH FRPSOHWHG LQ2016

7KHSXUSRVHLVWRUHVWRUHRQHRIWKHUDUHH[DPSOHVRI GZHOOLQJV EXLOW IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV RQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHXOWLPDWHJRDO LV WRLQLWLDWHDGHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW IRU 7ULDQRQ +HULWDJH 6LWHLQFOXGLQJH[KLELWLRQVSDFHVIRUWKHSXEOLF

QWKH$7)ZLOOFDUURQZLWKWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGFRQGXFWDIHDVLELOLWVWXGWRDVVHVVWKHFRQFHSWSODQSUHSDUHGIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVLWH

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Indenture Labour Route

7KLV SURMHFW GHDOV ZLWK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI D QHWZRUNEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVZKLFKKDYHH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVKDUHGDWDRQSURMHFWVRIDOOGLVFLSOLQHVsup2UHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH7KLVSURMHFWLVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHORIWKH6ODYH5RXWH3URMHFW

7KHSURSRVDOIURP0DXULWLXVZDVH[DPLQHGE81(6amp2([HFXWLYHampRPPLWWHHKHOGIURPWRst 2FWREHU81(6amp2RIIHUHGLWVVXSSRUWIRUWKHSURMHFWGHFLVLRQ2FW(S7KHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVLVWKHUHIRUHSURFHHGLQJZLWKWKHSURMHFWDQGHVWDEOLVKHGDVHFUHWDULDWIRUWKHLQGHQWXUHODERXUURXWHSURMHFWDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGampRQWDFWZLWKWKHJRYHUQPHQWVRIFRXQWULHVZLOOEHPDGHWRLQLWLDWHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIPHPEHUVWRVLWRQWKHQWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILFampRPPLWWHHSLORWLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGVHWXSQDWLRQDOFRPPLWWHHVLQFRXQWULHVWKDWH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH

Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

6RIDUWKH$7)KDVFRQGXFWHGVHYHUDOSURMHFWVWRFROOHFWHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHWKURXJKRXWWKHLVODQGQWRWDOHOHPHQWVZHUHWKRURXJKOGRFXPHQWHGVRIDUQDGGLWLRQWRWKLVPRUHWKDQLQWHUYLHZVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWRFROOHFWPHPRULHVRISHRSOHZKRZRUNHGRQVXJDUHVWDWHV

7KLVSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHFRQWHQWIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQVSDFHWREHVHWXSDW7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH6LWHLQWKHIXWXUHZKHUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHLQFOXGLQJGeet GawaiZLOOEHSURPRWHG

Flat Island

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7KH SXUSRVH LV WR GRFXPHQW WKH UHPDLQLQJ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQIRULQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDW)ODWVODQG2QFHWKHdocumentation is completed a restoration and conservation plan ZLOO EHSUHSDUHG WRDOORZ WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHDNHDVVHWIRU0DXULWLXV

Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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3UHOLPLQDUUHVHDUFKZDVLQLWLDWHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVRQ0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHUHVHDUFKVWUDWHJLQWHQGVWRGUDZDFRPSDUDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRQLQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVWKURXJKWKHVWXGRIVHYHUDOVLWHVUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH

AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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7KLV HDU VSHFLILF DWWHQWLRQ LV JLYHQ WRWKH VXUURXQGLQJV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZKHUHWKHSODQQLQJSROLFJXLGDQFHLVVXHGLQKDVHVWDEOLVKHGSODQQLQJQRUPVWRHQFRXUDJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKDUPRQ7RIRVWHUWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQDQG UHJHQHUDWLRQRI WKHDUHD WKH$7) LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ampLW ampRXQFLO RI3RUWRXLVDQGWKH0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHLVZRUNLQJRQDRFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRU WKH XIIHU =RQH 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR LGHQWLIdevelopment opportunities and relevant measures WRIRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHDUHD$ZHOOGHILQHG ( 3ODQ WKDW DGGUHVVHV VKRUW DVZHOO DV ORQJWHUP GHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVand measures would help to steer and secure GHYHORSPHQW DW WKH ORFDO OHYHO LQ D ZD WKDWZRXOG EHQHILW WKH FRXQWU DW ODUJHLWK WKHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI81(6amp2WKHVHUYLFHVRIWZRFRQVXOWDQWVZHUHKLUHGWRXQGHUWDNHDQDVVHVVPHQWRI WKH ]RQHDQG LGHQWLI SRWHQWLDOPHDVXUHV IRUUHJHQHUDWLRQ W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH ILQDO UHSRUWRI WKH FRQVXOWDQWV EH FRPSOHWHG PLG

7KLV SURMHFW VXSSRUWV WKH YLVLRQ RIamp2026DQG81(6amp2 WKDW DGYRFDWH WKH XVHRI KHULWDJH WR IRVWHU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWHVSHFLDOO IRU 6PDOO VODQG HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV66 ZKHUH FXOWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH IRXUWKSLOODURIGHYHORSPHQWQDZRUOGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQORFDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVSHFLILFLWLHVWHQGWRGLVDSSHDUWR WKH EHQHILW RI VWDQGDUGL]HG VHUYLFHV DQGPHUFKDQGLVLQJ 7KLV YLVLRQ HQFRXUDJHV WKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHV LQ RUGHU WRSUHVHUYH0DXULWLDQLGHQWLWDQGFXOWXUHDQGDGGYDOXHWRWKHFLWDVDXQLTXHSODFHLQWKHZRUOG

Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

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FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddotVODQGFRQFHVVLRQEWKHFRORQLDOODQGWULEXQDOHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV1DXGXVHGKLVVODYHVWRFOHDU WKH IRUHVW GHYHORS WKH ODQG DQG WUDQVIRUP LWLQWRDVPDOOHVWDWHZKHUHKHJUHZVRPHVXJDUVSLFHVDQG YHJHWDEOHVZKLOH WKH UHVW RI WKH ODQGZDV XVHGIRUJUD]LQJE OLYHVWRFNXULQJ WKHHDUOVKHWXUQHGLWLQWRDVXJDUHVWDWHZLWKDVPDOOVXJDUIDFWRUDQGZKHUHDOFRKROZDVPDQXIDFWXUHG+HHPSORHGVFRUHVRIVODYHVDQGPDGHHQRXJKSURILWVWRSXUFKDVHODQGDGMDFHQWWRWKHHVWDWHDQGKHDOVRREWDLQHGVRPHDGGLWLRQDO ODQG FRQFHVVLRQV 7KH VL]H RI KLV HVWDWHJUHZIURPDUSHQWVWRPRUHWKDQDUSHQWV

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

5

6

7

8

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDVLQVFULEHGRQ81(6amp2middotVRUOG+HULWDJHLVWRQ-XOEHFDXVH LWLVWKHVPERORIWKHUHDW([SHULPHQWLQLWLDWHGE WKH ULWLVK FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV sup2 WR HYDOXDWHWKHYLDELOLWRIDVVWHPRI UHFUXLWPHQW LQYROYLQJacuteIUHHmicro ZRUNIRUFH DIWHU VODYHU ZDV DEROLVKHG LQ HFDXVH WKLV ([SHULPHQW ZDV D VXFFHVVLQ 0DXULWLXV LQGHQWXUH sup2 DV D QHZ UHFUXLWPHQWVVWHPsup2ZDVDGRSWHGEWKHFRORQLDOSRZHUVDVIURP $VVXFK LQGHQWXUHOHGWRWKHPLJUDWLRQRIPRUHthan 22 million people to more than 25 countries DURXQG WKH ZRUOG OREDOO LQGHQWXUH IRUPHGSDUWRIWKHHPHUJLQJQHZHFRQRPLFRUGHUVWLOOLQH[LVWHQFHWRGD

e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

$7)UHFHLYHGDWRWDODPRXQWRI86IURPWKH3DUWLFLSDWLRQ3URJUDPPHRI81(6amp2WR HQOLVW WKH VHUYLFHV RI DQ H[SHUW LQ +HULWDJH(FRQRPLFVIRUWKHEXIIHU]RQH7KHSUHSDUDWLRQRI D RFDO (FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQZDVUHFRPPHQGHGWRLGHQWLIHFRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ WKH EXIIHU ]RQH VXUURXQGLQJ WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGVXEPLWUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRDFKLHYHWKHVHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIWKHRYHUQPHQW

7KHREMHFWLYHRI WKH(3ODQLV WRIRVWHUHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW7KHJRDO LV WRFRQVROLGDWHDQGLPSURYHWKHH[LVWLQJIUDPHZRUNEGLUHFWLQJGHYHORSPHQWWRZDUGVWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQHQKDQFHPHQWDQGDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHZKLOHGLPLQLVKLQJWKHWKUHDWRILWVGHPROLWLRQ7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVHUYHWKHYLVLRQIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWDWHGLQWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFHWRFUHDWHDGQDPLFKLVWRULFFHQWUHLQWKHampDSLWDOampLWRI0DXULWLXV

e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

7KH ampRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH +HULWDJH 6LWH ZKLFKVWDUWHG LQ 0D ZRXOG EH FRPSOHWHG LQ2016

7KHSXUSRVHLVWRUHVWRUHRQHRIWKHUDUHH[DPSOHVRI GZHOOLQJV EXLOW IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV RQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHXOWLPDWHJRDO LV WRLQLWLDWHDGHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW IRU 7ULDQRQ +HULWDJH 6LWHLQFOXGLQJH[KLELWLRQVSDFHVIRUWKHSXEOLF

QWKH$7)ZLOOFDUURQZLWKWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGFRQGXFWDIHDVLELOLWVWXGWRDVVHVVWKHFRQFHSWSODQSUHSDUHGIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVLWH

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Indenture Labour Route

7KLV SURMHFW GHDOV ZLWK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI D QHWZRUNEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVZKLFKKDYHH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVKDUHGDWDRQSURMHFWVRIDOOGLVFLSOLQHVsup2UHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH7KLVSURMHFWLVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHORIWKH6ODYH5RXWH3URMHFW

7KHSURSRVDOIURP0DXULWLXVZDVH[DPLQHGE81(6amp2([HFXWLYHampRPPLWWHHKHOGIURPWRst 2FWREHU81(6amp2RIIHUHGLWVVXSSRUWIRUWKHSURMHFWGHFLVLRQ2FW(S7KHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVLVWKHUHIRUHSURFHHGLQJZLWKWKHSURMHFWDQGHVWDEOLVKHGDVHFUHWDULDWIRUWKHLQGHQWXUHODERXUURXWHSURMHFWDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGampRQWDFWZLWKWKHJRYHUQPHQWVRIFRXQWULHVZLOOEHPDGHWRLQLWLDWHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIPHPEHUVWRVLWRQWKHQWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILFampRPPLWWHHSLORWLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGVHWXSQDWLRQDOFRPPLWWHHVLQFRXQWULHVWKDWH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH

Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

6RIDUWKH$7)KDVFRQGXFWHGVHYHUDOSURMHFWVWRFROOHFWHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHWKURXJKRXWWKHLVODQGQWRWDOHOHPHQWVZHUHWKRURXJKOGRFXPHQWHGVRIDUQDGGLWLRQWRWKLVPRUHWKDQLQWHUYLHZVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWRFROOHFWPHPRULHVRISHRSOHZKRZRUNHGRQVXJDUHVWDWHV

7KLVSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHFRQWHQWIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQVSDFHWREHVHWXSDW7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH6LWHLQWKHIXWXUHZKHUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHLQFOXGLQJGeet GawaiZLOOEHSURPRWHG

Flat Island

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7KH SXUSRVH LV WR GRFXPHQW WKH UHPDLQLQJ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQIRULQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDW)ODWVODQG2QFHWKHdocumentation is completed a restoration and conservation plan ZLOO EHSUHSDUHG WRDOORZ WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHDNHDVVHWIRU0DXULWLXV

Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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3UHOLPLQDUUHVHDUFKZDVLQLWLDWHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVRQ0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHUHVHDUFKVWUDWHJLQWHQGVWRGUDZDFRPSDUDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRQLQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVWKURXJKWKHVWXGRIVHYHUDOVLWHVUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH

AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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7KLV HDU VSHFLILF DWWHQWLRQ LV JLYHQ WRWKH VXUURXQGLQJV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZKHUHWKHSODQQLQJSROLFJXLGDQFHLVVXHGLQKDVHVWDEOLVKHGSODQQLQJQRUPVWRHQFRXUDJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKDUPRQ7RIRVWHUWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQDQG UHJHQHUDWLRQRI WKHDUHD WKH$7) LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ampLW ampRXQFLO RI3RUWRXLVDQGWKH0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHLVZRUNLQJRQDRFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRU WKH XIIHU =RQH 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR LGHQWLIdevelopment opportunities and relevant measures WRIRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHDUHD$ZHOOGHILQHG ( 3ODQ WKDW DGGUHVVHV VKRUW DVZHOO DV ORQJWHUP GHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVand measures would help to steer and secure GHYHORSPHQW DW WKH ORFDO OHYHO LQ D ZD WKDWZRXOG EHQHILW WKH FRXQWU DW ODUJHLWK WKHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI81(6amp2WKHVHUYLFHVRIWZRFRQVXOWDQWVZHUHKLUHGWRXQGHUWDNHDQDVVHVVPHQWRI WKH ]RQHDQG LGHQWLI SRWHQWLDOPHDVXUHV IRUUHJHQHUDWLRQ W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH ILQDO UHSRUWRI WKH FRQVXOWDQWV EH FRPSOHWHG PLG

7KLV SURMHFW VXSSRUWV WKH YLVLRQ RIamp2026DQG81(6amp2 WKDW DGYRFDWH WKH XVHRI KHULWDJH WR IRVWHU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWHVSHFLDOO IRU 6PDOO VODQG HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV66 ZKHUH FXOWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH IRXUWKSLOODURIGHYHORSPHQWQDZRUOGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQORFDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVSHFLILFLWLHVWHQGWRGLVDSSHDUWR WKH EHQHILW RI VWDQGDUGL]HG VHUYLFHV DQGPHUFKDQGLVLQJ 7KLV YLVLRQ HQFRXUDJHV WKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHV LQ RUGHU WRSUHVHUYH0DXULWLDQLGHQWLWDQGFXOWXUHDQGDGGYDOXHWRWKHFLWDVDXQLTXHSODFHLQWKHZRUOG

Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

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FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

6

7

8

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDVLQVFULEHGRQ81(6amp2middotVRUOG+HULWDJHLVWRQ-XOEHFDXVH LWLVWKHVPERORIWKHUHDW([SHULPHQWLQLWLDWHGE WKH ULWLVK FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV sup2 WR HYDOXDWHWKHYLDELOLWRIDVVWHPRI UHFUXLWPHQW LQYROYLQJacuteIUHHmicro ZRUNIRUFH DIWHU VODYHU ZDV DEROLVKHG LQ HFDXVH WKLV ([SHULPHQW ZDV D VXFFHVVLQ 0DXULWLXV LQGHQWXUH sup2 DV D QHZ UHFUXLWPHQWVVWHPsup2ZDVDGRSWHGEWKHFRORQLDOSRZHUVDVIURP $VVXFK LQGHQWXUHOHGWRWKHPLJUDWLRQRIPRUHthan 22 million people to more than 25 countries DURXQG WKH ZRUOG OREDOO LQGHQWXUH IRUPHGSDUWRIWKHHPHUJLQJQHZHFRQRPLFRUGHUVWLOOLQH[LVWHQFHWRGD

e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

7KHSURMHFWZDVGHILQHGDVDQREMHFWRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$FWGHILQLQJWKHVHWWLQJXSRIDQinterpretation centre under section 4 (c)

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

$7)UHFHLYHGDWRWDODPRXQWRI86IURPWKH3DUWLFLSDWLRQ3URJUDPPHRI81(6amp2WR HQOLVW WKH VHUYLFHV RI DQ H[SHUW LQ +HULWDJH(FRQRPLFVIRUWKHEXIIHU]RQH7KHSUHSDUDWLRQRI D RFDO (FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQZDVUHFRPPHQGHGWRLGHQWLIHFRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ WKH EXIIHU ]RQH VXUURXQGLQJ WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGVXEPLWUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRDFKLHYHWKHVHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIWKHRYHUQPHQW

7KHREMHFWLYHRI WKH(3ODQLV WRIRVWHUHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW7KHJRDO LV WRFRQVROLGDWHDQGLPSURYHWKHH[LVWLQJIUDPHZRUNEGLUHFWLQJGHYHORSPHQWWRZDUGVWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQHQKDQFHPHQWDQGDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHZKLOHGLPLQLVKLQJWKHWKUHDWRILWVGHPROLWLRQ7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVHUYHWKHYLVLRQIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWDWHGLQWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFHWRFUHDWHDGQDPLFKLVWRULFFHQWUHLQWKHampDSLWDOampLWRI0DXULWLXV

e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

7KH ampRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH +HULWDJH 6LWH ZKLFKVWDUWHG LQ 0D ZRXOG EH FRPSOHWHG LQ2016

7KHSXUSRVHLVWRUHVWRUHRQHRIWKHUDUHH[DPSOHVRI GZHOOLQJV EXLOW IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV RQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHXOWLPDWHJRDO LV WRLQLWLDWHDGHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW IRU 7ULDQRQ +HULWDJH 6LWHLQFOXGLQJH[KLELWLRQVSDFHVIRUWKHSXEOLF

QWKH$7)ZLOOFDUURQZLWKWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGFRQGXFWDIHDVLELOLWVWXGWRDVVHVVWKHFRQFHSWSODQSUHSDUHGIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVLWH

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Indenture Labour Route

7KLV SURMHFW GHDOV ZLWK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI D QHWZRUNEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVZKLFKKDYHH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVKDUHGDWDRQSURMHFWVRIDOOGLVFLSOLQHVsup2UHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH7KLVSURMHFWLVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHORIWKH6ODYH5RXWH3URMHFW

7KHSURSRVDOIURP0DXULWLXVZDVH[DPLQHGE81(6amp2([HFXWLYHampRPPLWWHHKHOGIURPWRst 2FWREHU81(6amp2RIIHUHGLWVVXSSRUWIRUWKHSURMHFWGHFLVLRQ2FW(S7KHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVLVWKHUHIRUHSURFHHGLQJZLWKWKHSURMHFWDQGHVWDEOLVKHGDVHFUHWDULDWIRUWKHLQGHQWXUHODERXUURXWHSURMHFWDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGampRQWDFWZLWKWKHJRYHUQPHQWVRIFRXQWULHVZLOOEHPDGHWRLQLWLDWHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIPHPEHUVWRVLWRQWKHQWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILFampRPPLWWHHSLORWLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGVHWXSQDWLRQDOFRPPLWWHHVLQFRXQWULHVWKDWH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH

Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

6RIDUWKH$7)KDVFRQGXFWHGVHYHUDOSURMHFWVWRFROOHFWHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHWKURXJKRXWWKHLVODQGQWRWDOHOHPHQWVZHUHWKRURXJKOGRFXPHQWHGVRIDUQDGGLWLRQWRWKLVPRUHWKDQLQWHUYLHZVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWRFROOHFWPHPRULHVRISHRSOHZKRZRUNHGRQVXJDUHVWDWHV

7KLVSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHFRQWHQWIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQVSDFHWREHVHWXSDW7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH6LWHLQWKHIXWXUHZKHUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHLQFOXGLQJGeet GawaiZLOOEHSURPRWHG

Flat Island

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7KH SXUSRVH LV WR GRFXPHQW WKH UHPDLQLQJ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQIRULQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDW)ODWVODQG2QFHWKHdocumentation is completed a restoration and conservation plan ZLOO EHSUHSDUHG WRDOORZ WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHDNHDVVHWIRU0DXULWLXV

Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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3UHOLPLQDUUHVHDUFKZDVLQLWLDWHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVRQ0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHUHVHDUFKVWUDWHJLQWHQGVWRGUDZDFRPSDUDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRQLQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVWKURXJKWKHVWXGRIVHYHUDOVLWHVUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH

AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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7KLV HDU VSHFLILF DWWHQWLRQ LV JLYHQ WRWKH VXUURXQGLQJV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZKHUHWKHSODQQLQJSROLFJXLGDQFHLVVXHGLQKDVHVWDEOLVKHGSODQQLQJQRUPVWRHQFRXUDJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKDUPRQ7RIRVWHUWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQDQG UHJHQHUDWLRQRI WKHDUHD WKH$7) LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ampLW ampRXQFLO RI3RUWRXLVDQGWKH0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHLVZRUNLQJRQDRFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRU WKH XIIHU =RQH 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR LGHQWLIdevelopment opportunities and relevant measures WRIRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHDUHD$ZHOOGHILQHG ( 3ODQ WKDW DGGUHVVHV VKRUW DVZHOO DV ORQJWHUP GHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVand measures would help to steer and secure GHYHORSPHQW DW WKH ORFDO OHYHO LQ D ZD WKDWZRXOG EHQHILW WKH FRXQWU DW ODUJHLWK WKHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI81(6amp2WKHVHUYLFHVRIWZRFRQVXOWDQWVZHUHKLUHGWRXQGHUWDNHDQDVVHVVPHQWRI WKH ]RQHDQG LGHQWLI SRWHQWLDOPHDVXUHV IRUUHJHQHUDWLRQ W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH ILQDO UHSRUWRI WKH FRQVXOWDQWV EH FRPSOHWHG PLG

7KLV SURMHFW VXSSRUWV WKH YLVLRQ RIamp2026DQG81(6amp2 WKDW DGYRFDWH WKH XVHRI KHULWDJH WR IRVWHU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWHVSHFLDOO IRU 6PDOO VODQG HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV66 ZKHUH FXOWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH IRXUWKSLOODURIGHYHORSPHQWQDZRUOGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQORFDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVSHFLILFLWLHVWHQGWRGLVDSSHDUWR WKH EHQHILW RI VWDQGDUGL]HG VHUYLFHV DQGPHUFKDQGLVLQJ 7KLV YLVLRQ HQFRXUDJHV WKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHV LQ RUGHU WRSUHVHUYH0DXULWLDQLGHQWLWDQGFXOWXUHDQGDGGYDOXHWRWKHFLWDVDXQLTXHSODFHLQWKHZRUOG

Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

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FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

7

8

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDVLQVFULEHGRQ81(6amp2middotVRUOG+HULWDJHLVWRQ-XOEHFDXVH LWLVWKHVPERORIWKHUHDW([SHULPHQWLQLWLDWHGE WKH ULWLVK FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV sup2 WR HYDOXDWHWKHYLDELOLWRIDVVWHPRI UHFUXLWPHQW LQYROYLQJacuteIUHHmicro ZRUNIRUFH DIWHU VODYHU ZDV DEROLVKHG LQ HFDXVH WKLV ([SHULPHQW ZDV D VXFFHVVLQ 0DXULWLXV LQGHQWXUH sup2 DV D QHZ UHFUXLWPHQWVVWHPsup2ZDVDGRSWHGEWKHFRORQLDOSRZHUVDVIURP $VVXFK LQGHQWXUHOHGWRWKHPLJUDWLRQRIPRUHthan 22 million people to more than 25 countries DURXQG WKH ZRUOG OREDOO LQGHQWXUH IRUPHGSDUWRIWKHHPHUJLQJQHZHFRQRPLFRUGHUVWLOOLQH[LVWHQFHWRGD

e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

7KHSURMHFWZDVGHILQHGDVDQREMHFWRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$FWGHILQLQJWKHVHWWLQJXSRIDQinterpretation centre under section 4 (c)

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

$7)UHFHLYHGDWRWDODPRXQWRI86IURPWKH3DUWLFLSDWLRQ3URJUDPPHRI81(6amp2WR HQOLVW WKH VHUYLFHV RI DQ H[SHUW LQ +HULWDJH(FRQRPLFVIRUWKHEXIIHU]RQH7KHSUHSDUDWLRQRI D RFDO (FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQZDVUHFRPPHQGHGWRLGHQWLIHFRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ WKH EXIIHU ]RQH VXUURXQGLQJ WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGVXEPLWUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRDFKLHYHWKHVHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIWKHRYHUQPHQW

7KHREMHFWLYHRI WKH(3ODQLV WRIRVWHUHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW7KHJRDO LV WRFRQVROLGDWHDQGLPSURYHWKHH[LVWLQJIUDPHZRUNEGLUHFWLQJGHYHORSPHQWWRZDUGVWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQHQKDQFHPHQWDQGDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHZKLOHGLPLQLVKLQJWKHWKUHDWRILWVGHPROLWLRQ7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVHUYHWKHYLVLRQIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWDWHGLQWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFHWRFUHDWHDGQDPLFKLVWRULFFHQWUHLQWKHampDSLWDOampLWRI0DXULWLXV

e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

7KH ampRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH +HULWDJH 6LWH ZKLFKVWDUWHG LQ 0D ZRXOG EH FRPSOHWHG LQ2016

7KHSXUSRVHLVWRUHVWRUHRQHRIWKHUDUHH[DPSOHVRI GZHOOLQJV EXLOW IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV RQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHXOWLPDWHJRDO LV WRLQLWLDWHDGHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW IRU 7ULDQRQ +HULWDJH 6LWHLQFOXGLQJH[KLELWLRQVSDFHVIRUWKHSXEOLF

QWKH$7)ZLOOFDUURQZLWKWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGFRQGXFWDIHDVLELOLWVWXGWRDVVHVVWKHFRQFHSWSODQSUHSDUHGIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVLWH

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Indenture Labour Route

7KLV SURMHFW GHDOV ZLWK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI D QHWZRUNEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVZKLFKKDYHH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVKDUHGDWDRQSURMHFWVRIDOOGLVFLSOLQHVsup2UHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH7KLVSURMHFWLVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHORIWKH6ODYH5RXWH3URMHFW

7KHSURSRVDOIURP0DXULWLXVZDVH[DPLQHGE81(6amp2([HFXWLYHampRPPLWWHHKHOGIURPWRst 2FWREHU81(6amp2RIIHUHGLWVVXSSRUWIRUWKHSURMHFWGHFLVLRQ2FW(S7KHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVLVWKHUHIRUHSURFHHGLQJZLWKWKHSURMHFWDQGHVWDEOLVKHGDVHFUHWDULDWIRUWKHLQGHQWXUHODERXUURXWHSURMHFWDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGampRQWDFWZLWKWKHJRYHUQPHQWVRIFRXQWULHVZLOOEHPDGHWRLQLWLDWHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIPHPEHUVWRVLWRQWKHQWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILFampRPPLWWHHSLORWLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGVHWXSQDWLRQDOFRPPLWWHHVLQFRXQWULHVWKDWH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH

Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

6RIDUWKH$7)KDVFRQGXFWHGVHYHUDOSURMHFWVWRFROOHFWHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHWKURXJKRXWWKHLVODQGQWRWDOHOHPHQWVZHUHWKRURXJKOGRFXPHQWHGVRIDUQDGGLWLRQWRWKLVPRUHWKDQLQWHUYLHZVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWRFROOHFWPHPRULHVRISHRSOHZKRZRUNHGRQVXJDUHVWDWHV

7KLVSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHFRQWHQWIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQVSDFHWREHVHWXSDW7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH6LWHLQWKHIXWXUHZKHUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHLQFOXGLQJGeet GawaiZLOOEHSURPRWHG

Flat Island

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7KH SXUSRVH LV WR GRFXPHQW WKH UHPDLQLQJ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQIRULQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDW)ODWVODQG2QFHWKHdocumentation is completed a restoration and conservation plan ZLOO EHSUHSDUHG WRDOORZ WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHDNHDVVHWIRU0DXULWLXV

Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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3UHOLPLQDUUHVHDUFKZDVLQLWLDWHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVRQ0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHUHVHDUFKVWUDWHJLQWHQGVWRGUDZDFRPSDUDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRQLQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVWKURXJKWKHVWXGRIVHYHUDOVLWHVUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH

AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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7KLV HDU VSHFLILF DWWHQWLRQ LV JLYHQ WRWKH VXUURXQGLQJV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZKHUHWKHSODQQLQJSROLFJXLGDQFHLVVXHGLQKDVHVWDEOLVKHGSODQQLQJQRUPVWRHQFRXUDJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKDUPRQ7RIRVWHUWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQDQG UHJHQHUDWLRQRI WKHDUHD WKH$7) LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ampLW ampRXQFLO RI3RUWRXLVDQGWKH0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHLVZRUNLQJRQDRFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRU WKH XIIHU =RQH 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR LGHQWLIdevelopment opportunities and relevant measures WRIRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHDUHD$ZHOOGHILQHG ( 3ODQ WKDW DGGUHVVHV VKRUW DVZHOO DV ORQJWHUP GHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVand measures would help to steer and secure GHYHORSPHQW DW WKH ORFDO OHYHO LQ D ZD WKDWZRXOG EHQHILW WKH FRXQWU DW ODUJHLWK WKHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI81(6amp2WKHVHUYLFHVRIWZRFRQVXOWDQWVZHUHKLUHGWRXQGHUWDNHDQDVVHVVPHQWRI WKH ]RQHDQG LGHQWLI SRWHQWLDOPHDVXUHV IRUUHJHQHUDWLRQ W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH ILQDO UHSRUWRI WKH FRQVXOWDQWV EH FRPSOHWHG PLG

7KLV SURMHFW VXSSRUWV WKH YLVLRQ RIamp2026DQG81(6amp2 WKDW DGYRFDWH WKH XVHRI KHULWDJH WR IRVWHU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWHVSHFLDOO IRU 6PDOO VODQG HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV66 ZKHUH FXOWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH IRXUWKSLOODURIGHYHORSPHQWQDZRUOGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQORFDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVSHFLILFLWLHVWHQGWRGLVDSSHDUWR WKH EHQHILW RI VWDQGDUGL]HG VHUYLFHV DQGPHUFKDQGLVLQJ 7KLV YLVLRQ HQFRXUDJHV WKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHV LQ RUGHU WRSUHVHUYH0DXULWLDQLGHQWLWDQGFXOWXUHDQGDGGYDOXHWRWKHFLWDVDXQLTXHSODFHLQWKHZRUOG

Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

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FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

8

Aapravasi Ghat Trust FundNEWSLETTER PROJECTS and ACTIVITIES

BRIEF ON AGTF PROJECTS

As per AGTF Act 2001 (amended 2006 and 2011) the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund was mandated

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7RHQFRXUDJHDQGVXSSRUWLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUHGODERXU and to the Aapravasi Ghat and related sites

e Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDVLQVFULEHGRQ81(6amp2middotVRUOG+HULWDJHLVWRQ-XOEHFDXVH LWLVWKHVPERORIWKHUHDW([SHULPHQWLQLWLDWHGE WKH ULWLVK FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV sup2 WR HYDOXDWHWKHYLDELOLWRIDVVWHPRI UHFUXLWPHQW LQYROYLQJacuteIUHHmicro ZRUNIRUFH DIWHU VODYHU ZDV DEROLVKHG LQ HFDXVH WKLV ([SHULPHQW ZDV D VXFFHVVLQ 0DXULWLXV LQGHQWXUH sup2 DV D QHZ UHFUXLWPHQWVVWHPsup2ZDVDGRSWHGEWKHFRORQLDOSRZHUVDVIURP $VVXFK LQGHQWXUHOHGWRWKHPLJUDWLRQRIPRUHthan 22 million people to more than 25 countries DURXQG WKH ZRUOG OREDOO LQGHQWXUH IRUPHGSDUWRIWKHHPHUJLQJQHZHFRQRPLFRUGHUVWLOOLQH[LVWHQFHWRGD

e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

7KHSURMHFWZDVGHILQHGDVDQREMHFWRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$FWGHILQLQJWKHVHWWLQJXSRIDQinterpretation centre under section 4 (c)

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

$7)UHFHLYHGDWRWDODPRXQWRI86IURPWKH3DUWLFLSDWLRQ3URJUDPPHRI81(6amp2WR HQOLVW WKH VHUYLFHV RI DQ H[SHUW LQ +HULWDJH(FRQRPLFVIRUWKHEXIIHU]RQH7KHSUHSDUDWLRQRI D RFDO (FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQZDVUHFRPPHQGHGWRLGHQWLIHFRQRPLFRSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ WKH EXIIHU ]RQH VXUURXQGLQJ WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGVXEPLWUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRDFKLHYHWKHVHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIWKHRYHUQPHQW

7KHREMHFWLYHRI WKH(3ODQLV WRIRVWHUHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQW7KHJRDO LV WRFRQVROLGDWHDQGLPSURYHWKHH[LVWLQJIUDPHZRUNEGLUHFWLQJGHYHORSPHQWWRZDUGVWKHSUHVHUYDWLRQHQKDQFHPHQWDQGDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHZKLOHGLPLQLVKLQJWKHWKUHDWRILWVGHPROLWLRQ7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVHUYHWKHYLVLRQIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWDWHGLQWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFHWRFUHDWHDGQDPLFKLVWRULFFHQWUHLQWKHampDSLWDOampLWRI0DXULWLXV

e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

7KH ampRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH +HULWDJH 6LWH ZKLFKVWDUWHG LQ 0D ZRXOG EH FRPSOHWHG LQ2016

7KHSXUSRVHLVWRUHVWRUHRQHRIWKHUDUHH[DPSOHVRI GZHOOLQJV EXLOW IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV RQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHXOWLPDWHJRDO LV WRLQLWLDWHDGHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW IRU 7ULDQRQ +HULWDJH 6LWHLQFOXGLQJH[KLELWLRQVSDFHVIRUWKHSXEOLF

QWKH$7)ZLOOFDUURQZLWKWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHEXLOGLQJDQGFRQGXFWDIHDVLELOLWVWXGWRDVVHVVWKHFRQFHSWSODQSUHSDUHGIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVLWH

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Indenture Labour Route

7KLV SURMHFW GHDOV ZLWK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI D QHWZRUNEHWZHHQFRXQWULHVZKLFKKDYHH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH7KHSXUSRVHLVWRVKDUHGDWDRQSURMHFWVRIDOOGLVFLSOLQHVsup2UHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH7KLVSURMHFWLVEDVHGRQWKHPRGHORIWKH6ODYH5RXWH3URMHFW

7KHSURSRVDOIURP0DXULWLXVZDVH[DPLQHGE81(6amp2([HFXWLYHampRPPLWWHHKHOGIURPWRst 2FWREHU81(6amp2RIIHUHGLWVVXSSRUWIRUWKHSURMHFWGHFLVLRQ2FW(S7KHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVLVWKHUHIRUHSURFHHGLQJZLWKWKHSURMHFWDQGHVWDEOLVKHGDVHFUHWDULDWIRUWKHLQGHQWXUHODERXUURXWHSURMHFWDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGampRQWDFWZLWKWKHJRYHUQPHQWVRIFRXQWULHVZLOOEHPDGHWRLQLWLDWHWKHVHOHFWLRQRIPHPEHUVWRVLWRQWKHQWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILFampRPPLWWHHSLORWLQJWKHSURMHFWDQGVHWXSQDWLRQDOFRPPLWWHHVLQFRXQWULHVWKDWH[SHULHQFHGLQGHQWXUH

Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

6RIDUWKH$7)KDVFRQGXFWHGVHYHUDOSURMHFWVWRFROOHFWHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHWKURXJKRXWWKHLVODQGQWRWDOHOHPHQWVZHUHWKRURXJKOGRFXPHQWHGVRIDUQDGGLWLRQWRWKLVPRUHWKDQLQWHUYLHZVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWRFROOHFWPHPRULHVRISHRSOHZKRZRUNHGRQVXJDUHVWDWHV

7KLVSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHFRQWHQWIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQVSDFHWREHVHWXSDW7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH6LWHLQWKHIXWXUHZKHUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHLQFOXGLQJGeet GawaiZLOOEHSURPRWHG

Flat Island

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7KH SXUSRVH LV WR GRFXPHQW WKH UHPDLQLQJ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQIRULQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDW)ODWVODQG2QFHWKHdocumentation is completed a restoration and conservation plan ZLOO EHSUHSDUHG WRDOORZ WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHDNHDVVHWIRU0DXULWLXV

Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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3UHOLPLQDUUHVHDUFKZDVLQLWLDWHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVRQ0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHUHVHDUFKVWUDWHJLQWHQGVWRGUDZDFRPSDUDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRQLQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVWKURXJKWKHVWXGRIVHYHUDOVLWHVUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH

AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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7KLV HDU VSHFLILF DWWHQWLRQ LV JLYHQ WRWKH VXUURXQGLQJV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZKHUHWKHSODQQLQJSROLFJXLGDQFHLVVXHGLQKDVHVWDEOLVKHGSODQQLQJQRUPVWRHQFRXUDJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKDUPRQ7RIRVWHUWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQDQG UHJHQHUDWLRQRI WKHDUHD WKH$7) LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ampLW ampRXQFLO RI3RUWRXLVDQGWKH0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHLVZRUNLQJRQDRFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRU WKH XIIHU =RQH 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR LGHQWLIdevelopment opportunities and relevant measures WRIRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHDUHD$ZHOOGHILQHG ( 3ODQ WKDW DGGUHVVHV VKRUW DVZHOO DV ORQJWHUP GHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVand measures would help to steer and secure GHYHORSPHQW DW WKH ORFDO OHYHO LQ D ZD WKDWZRXOG EHQHILW WKH FRXQWU DW ODUJHLWK WKHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI81(6amp2WKHVHUYLFHVRIWZRFRQVXOWDQWVZHUHKLUHGWRXQGHUWDNHDQDVVHVVPHQWRI WKH ]RQHDQG LGHQWLI SRWHQWLDOPHDVXUHV IRUUHJHQHUDWLRQ W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH ILQDO UHSRUWRI WKH FRQVXOWDQWV EH FRPSOHWHG PLG

7KLV SURMHFW VXSSRUWV WKH YLVLRQ RIamp2026DQG81(6amp2 WKDW DGYRFDWH WKH XVHRI KHULWDJH WR IRVWHU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWHVSHFLDOO IRU 6PDOO VODQG HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV66 ZKHUH FXOWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH IRXUWKSLOODURIGHYHORSPHQWQDZRUOGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQORFDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVSHFLILFLWLHVWHQGWRGLVDSSHDUWR WKH EHQHILW RI VWDQGDUGL]HG VHUYLFHV DQGPHUFKDQGLVLQJ 7KLV YLVLRQ HQFRXUDJHV WKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHV LQ RUGHU WRSUHVHUYH0DXULWLDQLGHQWLWDQGFXOWXUHDQGDGGYDOXHWRWKHFLWDVDXQLTXHSODFHLQWKHZRUOG

Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

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FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

e Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

7KHSURMHFWZDVGHILQHGDVDQREMHFWRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$FWGHILQLQJWKHVHWWLQJXSRIDQinterpretation centre under section 4 (c)

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e Buer Zone of the Aapravasi Ghat Local Economic Development (LED) Plan Project

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e Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Barracks at Trianon Heritage Site

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Indenture Labour Route

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Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

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7KLVSURMHFWZLOOSURYLGHFRQWHQWIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQVSDFHWREHVHWXSDW7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH6LWHLQWKHIXWXUHZKHUHWKHHOHPHQWVRIQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHLQFOXGLQJGeet GawaiZLOOEHSURPRWHG

Flat Island

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7KH SXUSRVH LV WR GRFXPHQW WKH UHPDLQLQJ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQIRULQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDW)ODWVODQG2QFHWKHdocumentation is completed a restoration and conservation plan ZLOO EHSUHSDUHG WRDOORZ WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQRI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKDUHDNHDVVHWIRU0DXULWLXV

Bras Drsquoeau

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10

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

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Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

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Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

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No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

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2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

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17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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18

dŚĞƌĂƐĚĂƵ^ƵŐĂƌƐƚĂƚĞBabita D Bahadoor Research Assistant

Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

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Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

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HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

2XWVLGH0DXULWLXV VPDOOSR[ H[LVWHG LQPDQSODFHVDURXQGWKHQGLDQ2FHDQXQWLOUHFHQWWLPHVXWYDVWYDFFLQDWLRQFDPSDLJQVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGE+2LQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHthFHQWXUFRPSOHWHOHUDGLFDWHG VPDOOSR[ E DQG ULG KXPDQLW RIWKLV VFRXUJH $ GLVHDVH WKDW KDG H[LVWHG IURP WLPHLPPHPRULDOLVQRZH[WLQFW

$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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middotLPPLJUDWLRQGHYUDLWVHORQOXLcopyDPHQHUOHVSHXSOHVHQFRUHGDQVOmiddotHQIDQFHDXVHLQGHVQDWLRQVFLYLOLVpHVordfGmiddotXQHPDQLqUHcopyOLEUHHWFRQVHQWLHordf

DQpFHVVLWpDEVROXHGHUHFUXWHUGDQVOmiddotQGHVXLWHjODdispersion des anciens esclaves

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Indenture Labour Route

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Intangible Cultural Heritage Project

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Flat Island

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Bras Drsquoeau

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Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

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AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

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Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

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Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

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The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

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Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

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2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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7KH 9LVLRQ RI WKH 33 DGYRFDWHV XUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQ WKURXJK KHULWDJH UHKDELOLWDWLRQ LQ OLQHZLWKWKHUHFHQWGHEDWHVOHGEamp2026DQG81(6amp2RQWKHXVHRIKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQW7KLVFRQFHSWWRXVHKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQWLVD VWUDWHJ DW WKH FRUH RI WKH 33DQG WKH2XWOLQH3ODQQLQJ6FKHPHIRU3RUWRXLVWKDWUHIOHFWVWKH81(6amp2middotV+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHampRQFHSW

$WD WLPHZKHQ WKH81(6amp2 LVSUHSDULQJDSROLFGRFXPHQW IRU WKH LQWHJUDWLRQRIDVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW SHUVSHFWLYH LQWR WKH SURFHVVHV RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJHampRQYHQWLRQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDRFDO(FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQ LV WKH QH[W VWHSWRZDUGV WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKLV YLVLRQ 7KLV SURMHFWLQWHQGV WR IRVWHU WKH UHYLYDO RI WKH KHULWDJH ORFDWHG

LQWKHampLWampHQWUHDVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH ( SODQ LV WRpropose measures to the Government to develop an HQDEOLQJ HQYLURQPHQW IRU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWWKDWDGYRFDWHVWKHDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHQWKLVLQLWLDWLYHWKHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHLVFULWLFDOLWLVDPHDQVWRUHYLYHWKHLGHQWLWRIWKHFLWDQGSUHYHQWWKHZRUOGZLGH VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ WKDW JUDGXDOO HUDVHV ORFDOVSHFLILFLWLHV 7KH GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHVWRWKHEHQHILWRIDVWDQGDUGL]HGZRUOGKDVDQLPSDFWRQWKHVHQVHRISODFHDQGLWVDWWUDFWLYHQHVVEHFDXVHLWUHQGHUVDSODFHOLNHDQRWKHULQWKHZRUOG

$ZHOOGHILQHG(3ODQWKDWDGGUHVVHVVKRUWDVZHOO DV ORQJWHUPGHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVZLOOhelp to steer and secure development at the local level LQDZDWKDWZLOOEHQHILWWKHFRXQWUDWODUJHVXFKDVSURPRWLQJGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU

16

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LWK WKH DGRSWLRQ RI WKH 33 WKH RFDOGovernment Act was amended in 2011 so as to set XSD7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHHIRUWKHXIIHU=RQH=RIWKH$+37KHUROHRI WKLV7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHH LVWRHQVXUHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH33EWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampamp3DQGDVVHVVGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKH=7KHampRPPLWWHHLVFKDLUHGEWKH+HDGRIWKHDQG8VHDQG3ODQQLQJHSDUWPHQWDQGFRPSULVHVRI UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IURPYDULRXV0LQLVWULHVVXFKDVWKDWUHVSRQVLEOHIRU$UWVDQGampXOWXUH+RXVLQJDQGDQGV3XEOLFQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGDQG7UDQVSRUW7RXULVPDQG([WHUQDOampRPPXQLFDWLRQV(QYLURQPHQW6XVWDLQDEOH HYHORSPHQW DQG LVDVWHU DQG HDFK0DQDJHPHQWDVZHOODVUHOHYDQWERGLHVVXFKDVWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampKDLU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGDQG0DXULWLXV3RUWV$XWKRULW

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

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17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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18

dŚĞƌĂƐĚĂƵ^ƵŐĂƌƐƚĂƚĞBabita D Bahadoor Research Assistant

Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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KLOHPRVWRIWKHVWUXFWXUHVZHUHGHPROLVKHGWKH FKLPQH VWLOO VHHPV WR EH LQWDFW DQG WKH VXJDUPLOO LV LQ UXLQV 7KH EHOO WKHZHOO WKH IRXQWDLQ DQGWKHRIILFHVDUH VWLOO WKHUH 7ZR WR WKUHH URRPVRI WKHFDPS ZLWK WKH DWWDFKHG NLWFKHQ VWLOO UHPDLQ 7KHVHWDQJLEOH VWUXFWXUHVDUH WLHG WRD VHULHVRIPHPRULHVSUDFWLFHVVNLOOVWUDGLWLRQVDQGNQRZKRZ7KLVLVDVLWHZRUWKGRFXPHQWLQJDV LWZDV WKH6XJDUampDPS IURPZKHUHWKHILUVWEDWFKRILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHQWWRZRUN 7KH FRPPXQLWLHV QRZ UHVLGLQJ LQDUORZDQG3KRROLDUDUHRQHRIWKHUDUHZLWQHVVHVRIQGHQWXUHGLPPLJUDQWV ZKR WKH TXRWH DV SHRSOHZKRZRXOG

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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LVVRRQGRDO 6 $SULODVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

WKHILUHZLWKLQKWWSZZZOH[SUHVVPX5HWULHYHG-XO

2015

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RII DQG RII amp QWURGXFLQJ LEHUDWLRQ

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(UHQQH - 4XHOTXHV pSLVRGHV GH OmiddotKLVWRLUH GH

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0XOORR$ $UD6DPDMEURXJKW LQGHSHQGHQFH WR

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Gandhi Institute

8QQXWK $ $ 3RUWUDLW RI 3URIHVVRU DVGHR

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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DUHO MRLQHG DV WKH VWDII RI WKH HSDUWPHQWRI $UFKLWHFWXUH DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI 3UHWRULD ZKHUHKHFRPSOHWHGKLV0$UFK FXPODXGH LQDQGVXFFHVVIXOOGHIHQGHGKLV3K7KHVLVWZDVWKURXJKKLVZRUNXQGHUWKHEDQQHURIKLVSURIHVVLRQDOFRQVXOWDQFampXOWPDWUL[ WKDW DUHO ZDV DEOH WR UDLVH WKH EDU LQKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWLQ6RXWK$IULFDDVWKHILUPZDVWKH ILUVW WR SURGXFH D +HULWDJH PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW+$XQGHUWKHWKHQQHZ1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH5HVRXUFHV$FWRI7KLV+$KDVUHFHQWOEHHQLQFOXGHGLQWKH$UFKLWHFWXUDOampRQVHUYDWLRQLQ6RXWK$IULFDVLQFH3URMHFWVSXEOLFDWLRQ$+HUKROGWed)

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QDQGKHODUJHOFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRI WKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRUWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH +H DOVR ZRUNHG RQ WKH H 0RUQH ampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGWKH81(6amp26ODYH5RXWH0RQXPHQWin Mauritius

Q 6RXWK $IULFD KH FRQWULEXWHG WR 5REEHQVODQG9UHGHIRUWRPHDQGWKH5LFKWHUVYHOG+6LWHV6WRQH7RZQRI=DQ]LEDUDQGLOZDLVLZDQLDQG6RQJR0QDUD LQ7DQ]DQLDRFFXSLHGKLPIRUPRUH WKDQILYHHDUVVWDUWLQJLQQKHZDVUHTXHVWHGWRDGYLVHWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLWZLWKUHJDUGVWRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH0X]LEX$]DDOD0SDQJD7RPEVRIWKHXJDQGDLQJVDWDVXELDPSDOD8JDQGDDQGLQWKHVDPHHDUVWDUWHGKLVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWDQGLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHQHZSRUWGHYHORSPHQWDGMDFHQWWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH DW DPXHQD+HZDVGLUHFWO FRPPLVVLRQHGGLUHFWOE81(6amp2WRFRQGXFW WKH+HULWDJH PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW IRU WKH DPX HHS DWHU 3RUW SURMHFWD WDVN GXULQJZKLFK KH DJDLQ VWUHVVHG WKH YDOXH RIHQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FRPPXQLW Q ODWH KH ZDVWDVNHGZLWKDQDGYLVRUPLVVLRQWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJHQRPLQDWHGDURWVHDQGampXOWXUDODQGVFDSH=DPELD

DUHO ZDV FRPPLWWHG WR WKH LGHD RI paraOLYLQJKHULWDJHmiddotsup2DFRQWLQXDOOVHOIPRGXODWLQJKHULWDJHDVSDUW RI D FRQWLQXXP RI SHRSOHmiddotV HQJDJHPHQW ZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWDQGSODHGDFUXFLDOUROHLQFUHDWLQJVXSSRUWIRUWKH81(6amp2+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHVapproach

Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

11

Antoinette Sugar Estate at Barlow

$V SDUW RI WKH UHVHDUFK RQ OLIH LQ WKH VXJDU HVWDWHV WKH $7) LVFRQGXFWLQJ UHVHDUFKRQ$QWRLQHWWH 3KRROLDU6XJDU(VWDWHZKHUHWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHQWWRZRUNLQ

3UHOLPLQDUUHVHDUFKZDVLQLWLDWHGWRGRFXPHQWWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHILUVWLQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVRQ0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHV7KHUHVHDUFKVWUDWHJLQWHQGVWRGUDZDFRPSDUDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHRQLQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVWKURXJKWKHVWXGRIVHYHUDOVLWHVUHODWHGWRLQGHQWXUH

AGTF Projects 2015 ndash 2016ampRULQQH)RUHVW+HDG7HFKQLFDO8QLW

7KH $DSUDYDVL KDW KDV FHOHEUDWHG WKHth DQQLYHUVDU RI LWV LQVFULSWLRQ RQ WKH RUOG+HULWDJHLVWLQ-XO6LQFHWKH$7)KDVUHOHQWOHVVOZRUNHGRQSURMHFWVWRGRFXPHQWDQG SURPRWH WKH KHULWDJH UHODWHG WR LQGHQWXUHZLWKWKHFRQFHUQWRVKDUHWKLVNQRZOHGJHZLWKDOO

7KLV HDU VSHFLILF DWWHQWLRQ LV JLYHQ WRWKH VXUURXQGLQJV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZKHUHWKHSODQQLQJSROLFJXLGDQFHLVVXHGLQKDVHVWDEOLVKHGSODQQLQJQRUPVWRHQFRXUDJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOKDUPRQ7RIRVWHUWKHUHKDELOLWDWLRQDQG UHJHQHUDWLRQRI WKHDUHD WKH$7) LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH ampLW ampRXQFLO RI3RUWRXLVDQGWKH0LQLVWURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHLVZRUNLQJRQDRFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRU WKH XIIHU =RQH 7KH SXUSRVH LV WR LGHQWLIdevelopment opportunities and relevant measures WRIRVWHUVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHDUHD$ZHOOGHILQHG ( 3ODQ WKDW DGGUHVVHV VKRUW DVZHOO DV ORQJWHUP GHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVand measures would help to steer and secure GHYHORSPHQW DW WKH ORFDO OHYHO LQ D ZD WKDWZRXOG EHQHILW WKH FRXQWU DW ODUJHLWK WKHILQDQFLDOVXSSRUWRI81(6amp2WKHVHUYLFHVRIWZRFRQVXOWDQWVZHUHKLUHGWRXQGHUWDNHDQDVVHVVPHQWRI WKH ]RQHDQG LGHQWLI SRWHQWLDOPHDVXUHV IRUUHJHQHUDWLRQ W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKH ILQDO UHSRUWRI WKH FRQVXOWDQWV EH FRPSOHWHG PLG

7KLV SURMHFW VXSSRUWV WKH YLVLRQ RIamp2026DQG81(6amp2 WKDW DGYRFDWH WKH XVHRI KHULWDJH WR IRVWHU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWHVSHFLDOO IRU 6PDOO VODQG HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV66 ZKHUH FXOWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH IRXUWKSLOODURIGHYHORSPHQWQDZRUOGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQORFDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVSHFLILFLWLHVWHQGWRGLVDSSHDUWR WKH EHQHILW RI VWDQGDUGL]HG VHUYLFHV DQGPHUFKDQGLVLQJ 7KLV YLVLRQ HQFRXUDJHV WKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHV LQ RUGHU WRSUHVHUYH0DXULWLDQLGHQWLWDQGFXOWXUHDQGDGGYDOXHWRWKHFLWDVDXQLTXHSODFHLQWKHZRUOG

Q WKH SDVW HDUV UHVHDUFK KDV VKRZQWKDW 0DXULWLXV LV QRW OLNH DQ RWKHU SODFH 7KHH[SHULHQFHRILQGHQWXUHRQWKHLVODQGKDVSURYHQWREHRILQWHUQDWLRQDOLPSRUWDQFHZKHQ0DXULWLXVZDV UHFRJQL]HG DV WKH FUXFLDO WHVW FDVH IRU WKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPLQWKHthFHQWXU2XUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFKIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHVWKLVIDFWWKH$7)KDV LQLWLDWHG UHVHDUFKDW )ODW VODQG WKH IRUPHUTXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ IRU LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUVORFDWHGNPRII WKHQRUWKFRDVWRI WKH LVODQGDV D NH FRPSRQHQW RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG VVWHPdeveloped in the 1850s

Q FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI6WDQIRUG 86$ WKH $7) KRSHV WR GRFXPHQWIXUWKHU WKLV IRUPHU TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ VR WKDW LWFDQ EH VWXGLHG LQ WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI WKH JOREDOLQGHQWXUHG VVWHP VHW XS LQ WKH QGLDQ 2FHDQUHJLRQ DQG DOVR LQ WKH ZRUOG 7KH VLWH DW )ODWVODQGZLOOEHFRQVLGHUHGZLWKLQWKHORFDOVVWHPHVWDEOLVKHG E WKH FRORQLDO DXWKRULWLHV DV IURP7KLVLVZKUHVHDUFKDWUDVGmiddot(DXDIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHWKDWVWRSSHGRSHUDWLQJLQZLOOEHLPSRUWDQWWRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDQGIXQFWLRQLQJRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPQWKHVDPHPDQQHUUHVHDUFKDWWKHIRUPHUVXJDUHVWDWHRI$QWRLQHWWHZLOOSURYLGHIXUWKHULQVLJKWVLQWRWKHOLYHV RI WKH LQGHQWXUHG LPPLJUDQWV ZLWKLQ WKHRSHUDWLQJIUDPHZRUNIRULQGHQWXUH7KHUHVHDUFKGDWDZLOOEHXVHGWRIXUWKHUDSSUHFLDWHWKHH[WHQWDQGVFRSHRIWKHLQGHQWXUHGVVWHPZRUOGZLGHDVSHU WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQRI81(6amp2 HFLVLRQamp20DQGVXEVWDQWLDWH IXUWKHUWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHVHWWLQJXSRIWKLVVVWHP

Such research will support the Indentured DERXU 5RXWH 3URMHFW UHFHQWO VXSSRUWHG E81(6amp2 Q WKHVH XQGHUWDNLQJV WKH $7)LQWHQGVWRFRQWULEXWHVLJQLILFDQWOWRWKHUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHDQGKLJKOLJKWWKHVLJQLILFDQWUROHRIMauritius

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

QWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHth$QQLYHUVDURIWKHDUULYDORI WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV LQ0DXULWLXVWKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH5ampZDV LQDXJXUDWHGRQnd1RYHPEHUDQGRSHQHGWRWKHSXEOLF

7KH RSHQLQJRI WKH QWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHPDUNVDQLPSRUWDQWVWHSLQWKHOLIHRIRXULQVWLWXWLRQDQG LQ WKDW RI WKH FRXQWU LW LV WKH ILUVW SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVDQGDPRQJWKHUDUHRQHVLQWKHZRUOG

The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

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Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

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Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

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WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

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Opening Hours

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Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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7KLV HDU WKH ampRQVXOWDWLYH ampRPPLWWHH WRRNSODFHDWWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVRQ-XOLQ WKHSUHVHQFHRI WKH+RQRUDEOH 6DQWDUDPDERR

WKH0LQLVWHURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHDQGWKHRUG0DRURI 3RUW RXLV 0U 0RKDPPDG 2XPDU KROHHJDQ7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH$7)SUHVHQWHGDUHWURVSHFWLYHRI SURMHFWV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH HDU DQG IXWXUHSURMHFWV IRU 7KH $7) WHDP SUHVHQWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

6XPPDURQ WKHDSSOLFDWLRQV IRUGHYHORSPHQW LQWKH$+3XIIHU=RQHIURP-XQHWRHFHPEHU E 0UV 1DWDVKD KHGGRR5DPFKDULWDU5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)

7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK RQ QGHQWXUH LQ0DXULWLXVEUULVK6HHWDK8QLYHUVLWRI6WDQIRUG86$

7KHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHDIWHU LWV RSHQLQJ YLVLWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV E0U 9LNUDP0XJRQ+HULWDJHQWHUSUHWDWLRQ0DQDJHU$7)

Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

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A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

12

7KHSURMHFWRIVHWWLQJXSDPXVHXPDWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWZDV ILUVW LQLWLDWHG LQ WKHV)ROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR HVWDEOLVK D SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURIWKHIRUPHULPPLJUDWLRQdepot the Government set up the Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund in 2001 with the mandate to ldquoSet up DPXVHXPDW$DSUDYDVLKDWDQGFUHDWHSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVRIWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHGODERXUmicro

From 2010 to 2014 the AGTF team LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 0LQLVWU RI $UWV DQGampXOWXUH ZRUNHG RQ WKH HHNUXPVLQJ 5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH SURMHFW HVWLPDWHG DW 0850LOOLRQ UXSHHV WRDFKLHYH WR WKLVREMHFWLYH7KH QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH ZDV QDPHG DIWHUHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKLQWRSDKRPDJHWRKLVHIIRUWVWRJHWWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWUHFRJQLVHGDVDNHVLWHIRUWKHKLVWRURI0DXULWLXV7KHVRFLDOZRUNHUDQGMRXUQDOLVWZRXOGKDYHFHOHEUDWHGKLV100thDQQLYHUVDURQVHSWHPEHU

QWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHth$QQLYHUVDURIWKHDUULYDORI WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV LQ0DXULWLXVWKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH5ampZDV LQDXJXUDWHGRQnd1RYHPEHUDQGRSHQHGWRWKHSXEOLF

7KH RSHQLQJRI WKH QWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHPDUNVDQLPSRUWDQWVWHSLQWKHOLIHRIRXULQVWLWXWLRQDQG LQ WKDW RI WKH FRXQWU LW LV WKH ILUVW SODFHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUHLQ0DXULWLXVDQGDPRQJWKHUDUHRQHVLQWKHZRUOG

The Interpretation Centre is a permanent H[KLELWLRQ DUHD WKDW UHWUDFHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVLQ0DXULWLXVDQGWKHNHUROHSODHGE0DXULWLXVLQWKHKLVWRURILQGHQWXUH

6LQFHLWVRSHQLQJWKHQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHKDVUHFHLYHGDWRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

Some comments extracted from the visitorsrsquos book

ldquoA museum that touched my heart How our people faced the diculties and hardships My tribute to all those Indians who came here as indentued labourersrdquo

ldquoVery interesting and instructive for our youth I am proud that our small island has such an amazing historyrdquo

ldquoA high prole site connecting today Mauritians to their roots Perfect explanation by our guides Keep it up rdquo

ldquoe best Interpretation Centre I have ever been to rdquo

ldquoTregraves beau museacutee Mercirdquo

ldquoCrsquoeacutetait tregraves bien Jrsquoai bien aimeacute la visite et ce que jrsquoai surtout aimeacute crsquoeacutetait les activiteacutes pour les enfants rdquo

ldquoUn tregraves beau teacutemoignage pour commencer agrave comprendre Maurice aujourdrsquohui rdquo

ldquoVery interesting museum Takes a visitor back in time Modern devices enable a visitor to go through the whole visit at ease Overall very satisfyingrdquo

ldquoLieu symbolique et empreint d`eacutemotions fortes Je pense bien eacutevidemment agrave mes ancecirctres venus du Bihar et de Bombay Merci aux autoriteacutes d`avoir pu faire exister ce meacutemorialrdquo

ldquo Eye opener - History well recorded Impressive Will recommend friends to visitrdquo

ldquo Nice idea Kids Cornerrdquo

ldquo Tregraves joli museacutee instrutif +++ eacutemotion Bravo ldquo

e Opening of the Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation Centre

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

No of Mauritians

No of Tourists

Total number of visitors

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

6LQFH $SULO LV GHFODUHG WKHacuteQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU0RQXPHQWVDQG6LWHVmicroIROORZLQJ WKH GHFLVLRQ WDNHQ GXULQJ WKH th VHVVLRQRIWKH81(6amp2HQHUDOampRQIHUHQFH7KLV HDU amp2026 DOVR FHOHEUDWHG LWV th DQQLYHUVDU7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVHYHQWLVWRFHOHEUDWHRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJHDQGDOVRWRWDNHSDUWLQWKLVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWRI 6ROLGDULW LQ IDYRU RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DQGVDIHJXDUGLQJ+HULWDJHZRUOGZLGH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQG$7)ILUVWWRRN

SDUW LQ WKH QWHUQDWLRQDOD IRU0RQXPHQWV

and Sites in 2006 Since then activities are

RUJDQLVHG HYHU HDU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKLV

HYHQW)RUWKH$7)WKHQWHUQDWLRQDODIRU

0RQXPHQWV DQG 6LWHV LV WKH RSSRUWXQLW WR

SURPRWH WKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH +6 DQG

UDLVHDZDUHQHVVRQWKHKLVWRURI3RUWRXLVLQ

FROODERUDWLRQZLWKVLVWHULQVWLWXWLRQVVXFKDVWKH

1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG1+)DQGH0RUQH

+HULWDJH7UXVW)XQG0+7)

2Q 6DWXUGD th DQG 6XQGD th April 2015 the AGTF proposed activities at the $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 3URSHUWDQG DW WKH UHFHQWO RSHQHG HHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODK QWHUSUHWDWLRQ ampHQWUH 5amp$FWLYLWLHVSURSRVHGFRQVLVWHGRIJXLGHGYLVLWVHGXFDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVIRUFKLOGUHQVWRUWHOOLQJSRWWHUPDNLQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWHFKQLTXHVILOP SURMHFWLRQ DQ H[KLELWLRQ RQ H 0RUQHampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGKHULWDJHZDONVDONLQWKHEXIIHU]RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDW7KH$7)DOVRRUJDQLVHGJXLGHGYLVLWVDWWKHRYHUQPHQW+RXVHDQGDWUDVGmiddot(DX1DWLRQDO3DUN 7RDVVLVWWKH$7)LQWKLVXQGHUWDNLQJDWHDPRIYROXQWHHUVIURPWKH8QLYHUVLWRI0DXULWLXVand Ecole Hoteliegravere Sir Gaeumltan Duval received DWUDLQLQJEWKH$7)WRFRQGXFWJXLGHGYLVLWVLQ3RUWRXLVDWWKH6WDWH+RXVHLQ5HGXLW

DQG LQUDVGmiddot(DX7KHYROXQWHHUVZHUHYHUGQDPLFDQGKHOSIXO

7KH$7) UHFRUGHG D WRWDO RI YLVLWRUVZKR WRRN SDUW LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV RYHU WKH WZRGDV QWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VWDII DQG WKHYLVLWRUVZHUHYHUIUXLWIXOWZDVDOVRREVHUYHGWKDW FKLOGUHQ SDUWLFLSDWHG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOOLQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV Q WKH FDVH RISRWWHUPDNLQJLWZDVQRWHGWKDWSDUHQWVGLGQRW KHVLWDWH WR FRPH IRUZDUG WR KHOS WKHLUFKLOGUHQWZDVLQGHHGDQRSSRUWXQLWIRUERWK0DXULWLDQVDQGWRXULVWVWRGLVFRYHUDQGHQMRKHULWDJHZLWKWKHLUIDPLO

Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

6LQFH LWV RSHQLQJ RQ nd 1RYHPEHU WKH$DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH DQG LWVInterpretation Centre have received a total QXPEHURIYLVLWRUVFRPSULVLQJRIVWXGHQWVWRXULVWV VHQLRU FLWL]HQV VFKRODUV DQG HPLQHQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVDVDW6HSWHPEHU

7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV ZDV WKHSHULRG EHWZHHQ $SULO DQG -XO ZKHQ VWXGHQWVYLVLWHGWKH+6GXULQJRXWLQJVWLVWREHQRWHGWKDW VWXGHQWV UHSUHVHQW PRUH WKDQ RI0DXULWLDQ YLVLWRUV 7KH SHDN VHDVRQ IRU IRUHLJQYLVLWRUVZDVIRUWKHSHULRGRI-DQXDUWR)HEUXDUZKHQPRUHWKDQRIWKHYLVLWRUVZHUHWRXULVWVFRPSDUHGWR0DXULWLDQYLVLWRUV

HVLGHV JXLGHG YLVLWV RI WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHDQGHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHWKHUHZHUHDOVRSHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLWLHV KHULWDJH ZDONV DQG WKH UHDOL]DWLRQ RIVFKRROSURMHFWV$WRWDOQXPEHURIYLVLWRUVparticipated in the educational activities such as 6WRUWHOOLQJampRQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVDQG3RWWHU0DNLQJ $ FRQIHUHQFH RQ paraD SUpVHUYDWLRQ GXSDVVpmiddotZDVRUJDQL]HG LQ0DE VWXGHQWVRI eFROH +WHOLqUH 6LU DsWDQ XYDO DW WKHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUH

14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

Q LWV GHFLVLRQV amp20 amp20 DQG amp20 WKH 81(6amp2RUOG +HULWDJH ampHQWUH UHTXHVWHG WKHRYHUQPHQWRI0DXULWLXVWRWDNHQHFHVVDUDFWLRQWRSUHVHUYHDQGHQKDQFHKLVWRULFDOEXLOGLQJVLQWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUWDQGWRSXWLQSODFHPHFKDQLVPVWKDWHQVXUHLQWHJUDWHGPDQDJHPHQW RI WKH DUHD 7KHVH WZR REMHFWLYHVZHUH SDUWLDOO DFKLHYHG ZLWK WKH SURFODPDWLRQ RIWKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRU WKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUW 33LVVXHGLQDQGWKHUHYLVLRQRIWKH0DQDJHPHQWPlan in 2013

7KH 9LVLRQ RI WKH 33 DGYRFDWHV XUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQ WKURXJK KHULWDJH UHKDELOLWDWLRQ LQ OLQHZLWKWKHUHFHQWGHEDWHVOHGEamp2026DQG81(6amp2RQWKHXVHRIKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQW7KLVFRQFHSWWRXVHKHULWDJHDVDGULYHUIRUGHYHORSPHQWLVD VWUDWHJ DW WKH FRUH RI WKH 33DQG WKH2XWOLQH3ODQQLQJ6FKHPHIRU3RUWRXLVWKDWUHIOHFWVWKH81(6amp2middotV+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHampRQFHSW

$WD WLPHZKHQ WKH81(6amp2 LVSUHSDULQJDSROLFGRFXPHQW IRU WKH LQWHJUDWLRQRIDVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW SHUVSHFWLYH LQWR WKH SURFHVVHV RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJHampRQYHQWLRQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDRFDO(FRQRPLF HYHORSPHQW ( 3ODQ LV WKH QH[W VWHSWRZDUGV WKH DFKLHYHPHQW RI WKLV YLVLRQ 7KLV SURMHFWLQWHQGV WR IRVWHU WKH UHYLYDO RI WKH KHULWDJH ORFDWHG

LQWKHampLWampHQWUHDVDPHDQVWRDFKLHYHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH ( SODQ LV WRpropose measures to the Government to develop an HQDEOLQJ HQYLURQPHQW IRU VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWWKDWDGYRFDWHVWKHDGDSWLYHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHQWKLVLQLWLDWLYHWKHUHXVHRIKHULWDJHLVFULWLFDOLWLVDPHDQVWRUHYLYHWKHLGHQWLWRIWKHFLWDQGSUHYHQWWKHZRUOGZLGH VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ WKDW JUDGXDOO HUDVHV ORFDOVSHFLILFLWLHV 7KH GLVDSSHDUDQFH RI ORFDO VSHFLILFLWLHVWRWKHEHQHILWRIDVWDQGDUGL]HGZRUOGKDVDQLPSDFWRQWKHVHQVHRISODFHDQGLWVDWWUDFWLYHQHVVEHFDXVHLWUHQGHUVDSODFHOLNHDQRWKHULQWKHZRUOG

$ZHOOGHILQHG(3ODQWKDWDGGUHVVHVVKRUWDVZHOO DV ORQJWHUPGHYHORSPHQW RSSRUWXQLWLHVZLOOhelp to steer and secure development at the local level LQDZDWKDWZLOOEHQHILWWKHFRXQWUDWODUJHVXFKDVSURPRWLQJGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIWKHWRXULVPLQGXVWU

16

)ROORZLQJWKHLQVFULSWLRQRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQWKHRUOG+HULWDJHLVWD3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH33ZDVLVVXHGLQ-XQHWRHQVXUHEHWWHUPDQDJHPHQW RI GHYHORSPHQW SURMHFWV LQ WKH XIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUW$+3 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKLV SODQQLQJ GRFXPHQWLV WRJXLGHGHYHORSPHQW LQ WKHKHULWDJHDUHD VRDVWR SURWHFW WKH 2XWVWDQGLQJ 8QLYHUVDO 9DOXH 289LQWHJULWDQGDXWKHQWLFLWRIWKHampRUH=RQHDQGXIIHU=RQHRIWKHRUOG+HULWDJH3URSHUW

QRUGHUWRPHHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH33DGHYHORSPHQWYLVLRQZDVHVWDEOLVKHG7KLVYLVLRQIRUWKHVXUURXQGLQJVRIWKH$+3LVWRGHYHORSWKHSODFHLQWRDYLEUDQWDUHDWKDWZLOODGGYDOXHWRWKHampLWRI3RUWRXLVDQGWREULQJEHQHILWVWRSURSHUWRZQHUVWKHEXVLQHVV VHFWRUDVZHOO DVRWKHU VWDNHKROGHUV LQWKHDUHDDQGWKHQDWLRQDWODUJH

LWK WKH DGRSWLRQ RI WKH 33 WKH RFDOGovernment Act was amended in 2011 so as to set XSD7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHHIRUWKHXIIHU=RQH=RIWKH$+37KHUROHRI WKLV7HFKQLFDOampRPPLWWHH LVWRHQVXUHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH33EWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampamp3DQGDVVHVVGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKH=7KHampRPPLWWHHLVFKDLUHGEWKH+HDGRIWKHDQG8VHDQG3ODQQLQJHSDUWPHQWDQGFRPSULVHVRI UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IURPYDULRXV0LQLVWULHVVXFKDVWKDWUHVSRQVLEOHIRU$UWVDQGampXOWXUH+RXVLQJDQGDQGV3XEOLFQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGDQG7UDQVSRUW7RXULVPDQG([WHUQDOampRPPXQLFDWLRQV(QYLURQPHQW6XVWDLQDEOH HYHORSPHQW DQG LVDVWHU DQG HDFK0DQDJHPHQWDVZHOODVUHOHYDQWERGLHVVXFKDVWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLVampKDLU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH)XQG$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGDQG0DXULWLXV3RUWV$XWKRULW

$SSOLFDWLRQVIRUXLOGLQJDQGDQG8VH3HUPLW3LQWKH=RIWKH$+3DUHSURFHVVHGDVIROORZVEWKHampLWampRXQFLORI3RUWRXLV

WůĂŶŶŝŶŐĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ

dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ

WĞƌŵŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŽŵŵŝƩĞĞWDͿ

džĞĐƵƟǀĞŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ

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ampKDQJH LQXVHHJFRQYHUVLRQ IURPWH[WLOHVKRS WRrestaurant

0LQRUPXOWLSOHVPDOOPDLQWHQDQFHVLQJOHELJUHSDLU

0RGHUDWH PXOWLSOH VPDOO UHSDLUV VLQJOH ELJreplacementwhole repair

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DĂƉϭƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚfrom January 2005 to June 2011

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

ƌĂƉŚƐŚŽǁŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

0RUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKH=RIWKH$+3DQGSURFHGXUHVIRUGHYHORSPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVDUHDYDLODEOHRQKWWSZZZDDSUDYDVLJKDWRUJRUDWWKHPlanning and Land Use Department of the City Council of Port Louis

17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

WŽƌƚgtŽƵŝƐDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŚĞĂƚƌĞŝŶϭϵϯϱ^ŽƵƌĐĞdŽƵƐƐĂŝŶƚWŽƌƚgtŽƵŝƐĚĞƵdžƐŝğĐůĞƐĚŚŝƐƚŽŝƌĞͿ

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$W WKDW SHULRG PDQ HSLGHPLFV ZHUH UDJLQJ RQ WKHLVODQGFDXVLQJDORWRIGHDWKXHWRWKHVHHSLGHPLFVLWZDVQHFHVVDUWRRSHQDQHZFHPHWHUDW5RFKHRLVDQGDQRWKHURQHWRZHVWRI3RUWRXLV

7KH ampLYLO +RVSLWDO FRXOG QRW DFFRPPRGDWH WKH ODUJHQXPEHU RI SDWLHQWV VR WKH ampRXQFLO GHFLGHG WR RSHQ Dsecond hospital at Grande Riviegravere

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9DULRXVRXWEUHDNVRIYLROHQWFFORQHVILUHVDQGIORRGVcaused immense harm to the population OLNH WKHDQGKXUULFDQHVDQGWKHILUHRI

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7KH ampRXQFLO LPSURYHG H[LVWLQJ OLJKWLQJ VVWHP ZRRGHQSROHVZHUHUHSODFHGELURQODPSVDQGDQRWKHU300 were erected or repaired and repainted

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2QHRIWKH0XQLFLSDOampRXQFLOmiddotVPDMRUFRQFHUQVZDVWRconstruct repair maintain and clean the drains sewers JXWWHUVDQGFURVVJXWWHUVLQWKHWRZQ

$QRWKHUPDMRUFRQFHUQZDVWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIZDWHUVHUYLFHVLQWKHWRZQ7KH0XQLFLSDOLWGHFLGHGWRFRQVWUXFWDQGPDLQWDLQIRXQWDLQVEDWKVDQGZDVKLQJSODFHVWRZKLFKSXEOLF KDG DFFHVV DQG WR HQVXUH EHWWHU TXDOLW RI ZDWHU)LOWUDWLRQEDVLQVZHUHFRQVWUXFWHGDW3DLOOHV

7KH IORRG GHVWURHG WKHZDWHUZRUNV RIUDQGRiver North West

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

2Q)HEUXDUWKHamp(2RI0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP ampKHUU 6LQJK LQYLWHG WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWTrust Fund at the 11thampKHTXH3UHVHQWDWLRQampHUHPRQIRU LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG 12V VXSSRUWHG E 0DXULWLXVTelecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

7KH UHVWRUDWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH 7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH 6LWH VWDUWHG LQ $XJXVW ZLWK WKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDampRQVHUYDWLRQ3ODQIRU WKHDUUDFNVDQGLVH[SHFWHGWREHFRPSOHWHGE7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRIWKLVFRQVHUYDWLRQSURMHFWDUH

7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

7RFRQVHUYHWKHH[LVWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHVWRUHWKHURRIRIWKHEDUUDFNV

7R HQVXUH WKH LQWHJULW DQG DXWKHQWLFLW RI WKH 7ULDQRQDUUDFNVVLWH

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7RSURPRWHDQGPDLQWDLQRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGKHDUWLOWKDQNVWKH0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP)RXQGDWLRQIRUVXSSRUWLQJWKLVSURMHFW

(YHU HDU RQ -XO WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG RUJDQLVHV D ampRQVXOWDWLYH ampRPPLWWHH LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHDQQLYHUVDURIWKHLQVFULSWLRQRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQWKH81(6amp2RUOG+HULWDJHOLVW7KH FRQVXOWDWLYH FRPPLWWHH LV D IRUXP IRUPHHWLQJVDQGGLVFXVVLRQZLWKWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW

7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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WKH0LQLVWHURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHDQGWKHRUG0DRURI 3RUW RXLV 0U 0RKDPPDG 2XPDU KROHHJDQ7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH$7)SUHVHQWHGDUHWURVSHFWLYHRI SURMHFWV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH HDU DQG IXWXUHSURMHFWV IRU 7KH $7) WHDP SUHVHQWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

6XPPDURQ WKHDSSOLFDWLRQV IRUGHYHORSPHQW LQWKH$+3XIIHU=RQHIURP-XQHWRHFHPEHU E 0UV 1DWDVKD KHGGRR5DPFKDULWDU5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)

7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK RQ QGHQWXUH LQ0DXULWLXVEUULVK6HHWDK8QLYHUVLWRI6WDQIRUG86$

7KHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHDIWHU LWV RSHQLQJ YLVLWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV E0U 9LNUDP0XJRQ+HULWDJHQWHUSUHWDWLRQ0DQDJHU$7)

Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

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XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

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9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

International Day for Monuments and SitesVijaya Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide and Vedita Jha Heritage Guide

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Educational activities of about 45 minutes with children to explain traditional techniques of construction and storytelling (Source AGTF Collection 2015)

13

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

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Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

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Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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VSHDNYHUOHVVDQGZRXOGZRUNYHUKDUGLQWKHILHOGV7KHLUODQJXDJHZDVKRMSXULEXWGLIIHUHQWIURPWKDWRIWRGD0HQZRXOGZHDUparaVKRUWODQJRXWLmiddotWKDWUHDFKHGDERYH WKHLU NQHHV 7KHDWH YHU OLWWOHEXW FRQVLVWHQWIRRGOLNHparaOLWWLmiddotZKLFKZDVDNLQGRIIDUDWKDEXWYHUWKLFNZLWKRUJDQLF VSLFHV 7KHKDG WKHLU RZQEHOLHIVVWHPVDQGZRXOGSHUIRUPULWXDOVOLNHDOLPDHSXMDDKDULDSXMDDQGHH3XMD

2UDO+LVWRULVWKHPHDQVWRUHFRUGWKHYRLFHVRIWKHGHVFHQGDQWVRILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDWDUORZ7KLV LQFOXGHV WKHLU VZHHW DQG ELWWHUPHPRULHV WKHLUH[SHULHQFHV DQG NQRZOHGJH 7KURXJK LQGHSWKXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH YDOXHV GULYHUV VWUDWHJLHV DQGHQYLURQPHQW WKH amp+ SURMHFW HQVXUHV WKDW DFWLRQVWDNHQZLOOFDSWXUHYDOXHIRUDOOVWDNHKROGHUVWLVDOVRDZDWRSURPRWHWKHLU QWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHVKDUH VDIHJXDUGLQJ DFWLYLWLHV DQG H[SHULHQFHV DQGGLVFXVV FKDOOHQJHV IRU WKH IXWXUH $W WKH VDPH WLPHWKLV LVDQRSSRUWXQLW IRUXV WRXSGDWHDQGPDQDJHWKHQYHQWRUIRUQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHUHODWHGto Indenture

+XQGUHGV RI OLIH KLVWRULHV RI GHVFHQWV RIQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHUHUHFRUGHGEWKH$7)VLQFH LQFOXGLQJ DQ LQYHQWRU RQ QWDQJLEOH ampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH UHODWHG WR LQGHQWXUH 7KLV KDV UHVXOWHG LQGHYHORSLQJ D GDWDEDVH RQ OLIH KLVWRULHV FDSWXULQJWDOHV ULGGOHV VWRULHV WUDGLWLRQDO IRON VRQJV JDPHVFUDIWVPDQVKLS EHOLHI VVWHP ULWHV DQG ULWXDOV 7KLVZRUNFRQVLVWLQJLQFROOHFWLQJPHPRULHVDQGLQWDQJLEOHFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHZLOOFRQWLQXHDW7ULDQRQ6XJDU(VWDWHORFDWHGLQ6DLQW-HDQ4XDWUHVRUQHVLQRUGHUWRJDLQDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFRQWH[WRISHUIRUPDQFHIRUWKHQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH

Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

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7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

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7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

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7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

2XWVLGH0DXULWLXV VPDOOSR[ H[LVWHG LQPDQSODFHVDURXQGWKHQGLDQ2FHDQXQWLOUHFHQWWLPHVXWYDVWYDFFLQDWLRQFDPSDLJQVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGE+2LQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHthFHQWXUFRPSOHWHOHUDGLFDWHG VPDOOSR[ E DQG ULG KXPDQLW RIWKLV VFRXUJH $ GLVHDVH WKDW KDG H[LVWHG IURP WLPHLPPHPRULDOLVQRZH[WLQFW

$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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8QWLOWKHVQRVHULRXVVWHSZDVWDNHQWRJLYH KRMSXUL SURPLQHQFH RU UHVSHFWDELOLW $PRQJWKHQGLDQIROGLWVHOI LWZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVDacutePRWLDmicroFRDUVH RU URXJK ODQJXDJH RU GLDOHFW DV RSSRVHGWRWKHUHILQHGEKDVKDRI+LQGLODQJXDJHRISUHVWLJHXWLOL]HG LQ WKH FXOWXUHGPLOLHX W ZDV FRQVLGHUHG DVldquolangazrdquo RIacutebitasionrdquo or ldquola campagnerdquo ldquoban gense lardquo YLVjYLV WKH ampUHROH SRSXODWLRQ RU XUEDQLVHGQGLDQVDQGRWKHUGRPLQDQWODQJXDJHVVXFKDV)UHQFK7KLV VWLJPD SHUVLVWV WLOO GDWH KHQFH WKH GLPLQLVKLQJSURSRUWLRQRILWVXVHUVDPRQJVRPHRIWKHXUEDQLVHGRXQJHUJHQHUDWLRQ7KHIHHOXQFRPIRUWDEOHWRXVHLWDQGZDQWWRWXFNLWDWWKHEDFNRIWKHLUFRQVFLRXVQHVVQ WKH HDUO GDV DV ODWH DV WKH V SHRSOH RIKRMSXULRULJLQZHUHUHIHUUHGWRDVCalcuttias and the ODQJXDJHWKHVSRNHDVCalcuttiaLWVHOIEHFDXVHWKHcame to Mauritius and to the other plantation Girmitia FRORQLHVWKURXJKWKHSRUWRIampDOFXWWDZKLFKZDVWKHQWKHFDSLWDORIULWLVKQGLD

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Visits at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage SiteUrmila Ramkissoon Heritage Guide and Soonanda Nankoo Bhadye Heritage Guide

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14

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

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Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

dĞůϮϭϳϳϳϳϬŵĂŝůŽƵƚƌĞĂĐŚĂŐƞΛŝŶƚŶĞƚŵƵtĞďƐŝƚĞwwwaapravasighatorg

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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16

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

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17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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2UDO+LVWRULVWKHPHDQVWRUHFRUGWKHYRLFHVRIWKHGHVFHQGDQWVRILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVDWDUORZ7KLV LQFOXGHV WKHLU VZHHW DQG ELWWHUPHPRULHV WKHLUH[SHULHQFHV DQG NQRZOHGJH 7KURXJK LQGHSWKXQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH YDOXHV GULYHUV VWUDWHJLHV DQGHQYLURQPHQW WKH amp+ SURMHFW HQVXUHV WKDW DFWLRQVWDNHQZLOOFDSWXUHYDOXHIRUDOOVWDNHKROGHUVWLVDOVRDZDWRSURPRWHWKHLU QWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHVKDUH VDIHJXDUGLQJ DFWLYLWLHV DQG H[SHULHQFHV DQGGLVFXVV FKDOOHQJHV IRU WKH IXWXUH $W WKH VDPH WLPHWKLV LVDQRSSRUWXQLW IRUXV WRXSGDWHDQGPDQDJHWKHQYHQWRUIRUQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJHUHODWHGto Indenture

+XQGUHGV RI OLIH KLVWRULHV RI GHVFHQWV RIQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHUHUHFRUGHGEWKH$7)VLQFH LQFOXGLQJ DQ LQYHQWRU RQ QWDQJLEOH ampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH UHODWHG WR LQGHQWXUH 7KLV KDV UHVXOWHG LQGHYHORSLQJ D GDWDEDVH RQ OLIH KLVWRULHV FDSWXULQJWDOHV ULGGOHV VWRULHV WUDGLWLRQDO IRON VRQJV JDPHVFUDIWVPDQVKLS EHOLHI VVWHP ULWHV DQG ULWXDOV 7KLVZRUNFRQVLVWLQJLQFROOHFWLQJPHPRULHVDQGLQWDQJLEOHFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHZLOOFRQWLQXHDW7ULDQRQ6XJDU(VWDWHORFDWHGLQ6DLQW-HDQ4XDWUHVRUQHVLQRUGHUWRJDLQDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFRQWH[WRISHUIRUPDQFHIRUWKHQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH

Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

2Q)HEUXDUWKHamp(2RI0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP ampKHUU 6LQJK LQYLWHG WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWTrust Fund at the 11thampKHTXH3UHVHQWDWLRQampHUHPRQIRU LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG 12V VXSSRUWHG E 0DXULWLXVTelecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

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7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

7RFRQVHUYHWKHH[LVWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHVWRUHWKHURRIRIWKHEDUUDFNV

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7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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WKH0LQLVWHURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHDQGWKHRUG0DRURI 3RUW RXLV 0U 0RKDPPDG 2XPDU KROHHJDQ7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH$7)SUHVHQWHGDUHWURVSHFWLYHRI SURMHFWV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH HDU DQG IXWXUHSURMHFWV IRU 7KH $7) WHDP SUHVHQWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

6XPPDURQ WKHDSSOLFDWLRQV IRUGHYHORSPHQW LQWKH$+3XIIHU=RQHIURP-XQHWRHFHPEHU E 0UV 1DWDVKD KHGGRR5DPFKDULWDU5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)

7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

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Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

2XWVLGH0DXULWLXV VPDOOSR[ H[LVWHG LQPDQSODFHVDURXQGWKHQGLDQ2FHDQXQWLOUHFHQWWLPHVXWYDVWYDFFLQDWLRQFDPSDLJQVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGE+2LQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHthFHQWXUFRPSOHWHOHUDGLFDWHG VPDOOSR[ E DQG ULG KXPDQLW RIWKLV VFRXUJH $ GLVHDVH WKDW KDG H[LVWHG IURP WLPHLPPHPRULDOLVQRZH[WLQFW

$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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8QWLOWKHVQRVHULRXVVWHSZDVWDNHQWRJLYH KRMSXUL SURPLQHQFH RU UHVSHFWDELOLW $PRQJWKHQGLDQIROGLWVHOI LWZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVDacutePRWLDmicroFRDUVH RU URXJK ODQJXDJH RU GLDOHFW DV RSSRVHGWRWKHUHILQHGEKDVKDRI+LQGLODQJXDJHRISUHVWLJHXWLOL]HG LQ WKH FXOWXUHGPLOLHX W ZDV FRQVLGHUHG DVldquolangazrdquo RIacutebitasionrdquo or ldquola campagnerdquo ldquoban gense lardquo YLVjYLV WKH ampUHROH SRSXODWLRQ RU XUEDQLVHGQGLDQVDQGRWKHUGRPLQDQWODQJXDJHVVXFKDV)UHQFK7KLV VWLJPD SHUVLVWV WLOO GDWH KHQFH WKH GLPLQLVKLQJSURSRUWLRQRILWVXVHUVDPRQJVRPHRIWKHXUEDQLVHGRXQJHUJHQHUDWLRQ7KHIHHOXQFRPIRUWDEOHWRXVHLWDQGZDQWWRWXFNLWDWWKHEDFNRIWKHLUFRQVFLRXVQHVVQ WKH HDUO GDV DV ODWH DV WKH V SHRSOH RIKRMSXULRULJLQZHUHUHIHUUHGWRDVCalcuttias and the ODQJXDJHWKHVSRNHDVCalcuttiaLWVHOIEHFDXVHWKHcame to Mauritius and to the other plantation Girmitia FRORQLHVWKURXJKWKHSRUWRIampDOFXWWDZKLFKZDVWKHQWKHFDSLWDORIULWLVKQGLD

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

15

Activities Guided visits

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞ(45 mins) and Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage site (20 mins) Free of charge

ƵŝĚĞĚǀŝƐŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƵīĞƌŽŶĞƵŝĚĞĚ ǀŝƐŝƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƵīĞƌ njŽŶĞ ŽĨ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝ ŚĂƚ tŽƌůĚHeritage property are available on booking on 217 77 70

WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ- Story Telling (3 ndash 6 yrs old)- ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶdĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- WŽƩĞƌLJDĂŬŝŶŐϲͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- ƵŝĚĞĚsŝƐŝƚƐĨŽƌŚŝůĚƌĞŶϯͲϭϰLJƌƐŽůĚͿ- In the footsteps of an immigrant at Aapravasi Ghat

(6-14 yrs old)

ĚǀĂŶĐĞŬŝŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

Opening Hours

DŽŶĚĂLJͲampƌŝĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϲϬϬŚƌƐ^ĂƚƵƌĚĂLJϵϬϬʹϭϮϬϬŚƌƐůŽƐĞĚŽŶ^ƵŶĚĂLJƐĂŶĚWƵďůŝĐŽůŝĚĂLJƐ

Contact us

Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site ĞĞŬƌƵŵƐŝŶŐZĂŵůĂůůĂŚŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶĞŶƚƌĞQuay StreetPort Louis

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LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROJECTCorinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

DĂƉϮƐŚŽǁŝŶŐůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨgtWƐŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĨƌŽŵJune 2011 to December 2014

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17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

2Q)HEUXDUWKHamp(2RI0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP ampKHUU 6LQJK LQYLWHG WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWTrust Fund at the 11thampKHTXH3UHVHQWDWLRQampHUHPRQIRU LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG 12V VXSSRUWHG E 0DXULWLXVTelecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

7KH UHVWRUDWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH 7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH 6LWH VWDUWHG LQ $XJXVW ZLWK WKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDampRQVHUYDWLRQ3ODQIRU WKHDUUDFNVDQGLVH[SHFWHGWREHFRPSOHWHGE7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRIWKLVFRQVHUYDWLRQSURMHFWDUH

7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

7RFRQVHUYHWKHH[LVWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHVWRUHWKHURRIRIWKHEDUUDFNV

7R HQVXUH WKH LQWHJULW DQG DXWKHQWLFLW RI WKH 7ULDQRQDUUDFNVVLWH

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7RSURPRWHDQGPDLQWDLQRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGKHDUWLOWKDQNVWKH0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP)RXQGDWLRQIRUVXSSRUWLQJWKLVSURMHFW

(YHU HDU RQ -XO WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG RUJDQLVHV D ampRQVXOWDWLYH ampRPPLWWHH LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHDQQLYHUVDURIWKHLQVFULSWLRQRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQWKH81(6amp2RUOG+HULWDJHOLVW7KH FRQVXOWDWLYH FRPPLWWHH LV D IRUXP IRUPHHWLQJVDQGGLVFXVVLRQZLWKWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW

7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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WKH0LQLVWHURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHDQGWKHRUG0DRURI 3RUW RXLV 0U 0RKDPPDG 2XPDU KROHHJDQ7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH$7)SUHVHQWHGDUHWURVSHFWLYHRI SURMHFWV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH HDU DQG IXWXUHSURMHFWV IRU 7KH $7) WHDP SUHVHQWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

6XPPDURQ WKHDSSOLFDWLRQV IRUGHYHORSPHQW LQWKH$+3XIIHU=RQHIURP-XQHWRHFHPEHU E 0UV 1DWDVKD KHGGRR5DPFKDULWDU5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)

7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK RQ QGHQWXUH LQ0DXULWLXVEUULVK6HHWDK8QLYHUVLWRI6WDQIRUG86$

7KHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHDIWHU LWV RSHQLQJ YLVLWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV E0U 9LNUDP0XJRQ+HULWDJHQWHUSUHWDWLRQ0DQDJHU$7)

Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

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XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

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9 789990 388299

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Development Applications in the Buer Zone of theAapravasi Ghat World Heritage Property

Natasha Kheddoo Ramcharitar

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Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

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The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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dŚĞƌĂƐĚĂƵ^ƵŐĂƌƐƚĂƚĞBabita D Bahadoor Research Assistant

Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

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frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

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e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

0DXULWLXV KDG EHHQ DIIHFWHG E VHYHUDOVPDOOSR[ HSLGHPLFV SULRU WR WKH EHJLQQLQJ RIPDVVLPPLJUDWLRQRIQGLDQODERXUHUVLQWKHVWZDVD FRPPRQ GLVHDVH LQ PDQ FRXQWULHV Q (QJODQGVPDOOSR[ NQRZQ DV paraWKH VSHFNOHG PRQVWHUmiddot ZDVGHVFULEHG E FRQWHPSRUDU ZULWHUV DV paraWKH PRVWWHUULEOHRIDOOPLQLVWHUVRIGHDWKmiddot+LJKOFRQWDJLRXVLW ZDVPRUH SUHYDOHQW LQ WKH RYHUFURZGHG DUHDV RI(QJOLVK LQGXVWULDO WRZQV 7KH YLFWLP ZDV DIIHFWHGE IHYHU DQGD UDVKZKLFK FRYHUHG WKHZKROH ERGVRRQWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRSXVILOOHGSXVWXOHVKHQWKHKHDOHGWKHSXVWXOHVOHIWGHHSVFDUV

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Gandjia Agwa WƵũĂ KawalChake ĞůŶĂ Dalpitha SawalChulha

DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

Tawa Dudhpithi ůŽƵĚĂampĂůƵĚĂͿ

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Nardeacutegon et opparli sur les convois et dans les deacutepocircts

WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞƐĚƵďĂůůĞƚŝŶĚŝĞŶĞƚůĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞĐůĞƐĞŶŐĂŐĠƐĂƵyye siegravecle

Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

ŚĂƌŐĠĚĞĐŽƵƌƐăůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠĚĞgtĂZĠƵŶŝŽŶ

2XWUHOHVUHJUHWVGH OD SHUWH GX GpIXQWet les lamentations RFFDVLRQQpHV DX FRXUVGHV YHLOOpHV IXQqEUHVplusieurs moments dans OmiddotHVSDFH GHV FURDQFHVindiennes sont propices jODUHPpPRUDWLRQGHVPWKHVHVUDSSRUWVGHVFKLUXUJLHQV QDYLJDQWV

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Ainsi le convoi Le SiamTXLWWH3RQGLFKpUOHDRWDYHFjVRQERUGpPLJUDQWVHWPRXLOOHOHer VHSWHPEUHHQUDGHGH3RUWRXLVvOH0DXULFHO SDVVD GHX[ MRXUV VDQV TXH OmiddotLQWHQGDQFH VDQLWDLUHYRXOW VH UHQGUH j ERUG HW ILW URXWH DORUV SRXU D5pXQLRQSXLVUHVWDRQ]HMRXUVSRXUIDLUHGHOmiddotHDXOTXLWWD6DLQWHQLVOHVHSWHPEUHDXVRLUHWPRXLOODOHRFWREUHGHYDQW6DLQWH+pOqQHHQGLUHFWLRQGHOD0DUWLQLTXHHPpGHFLQHFOHUFSGpFULWGDQV VRQ UDSSRUWPpGLFDO OHV DFWLYLWpV GHV HQJDJpVindiens

Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

17

Chronology of Development in Historical Port Louisfrom 1850 to 1950

Kheeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally UoM Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher

The AGTF started the documentation on Port Louisrsquo physical development The objective of the project is to understand the dynamics of the city and identify the heritage component The research undertaken on the physical development of Port Louis will allow a better understanding of the social and cultural environment in which the Aapravasi Ghat has evolved This research was undertaken by two interns from the University of Mauritius namely Keeruma Caully and Nawshine Nazeerally between June and July 2015 The works of Rivalz Quenette former clerk of the National Assembly and author of several books on the Municipal Council of Port Louis were studied Below are some key dates and events in Port Louis during the 19th and 20th century

WŽƌƚgtŽƵŝƐDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŚĞĂƚƌĞŝŶϭϵϯϱ^ŽƵƌĐĞdŽƵƐƐĂŝŶƚWŽƌƚgtŽƵŝƐĚĞƵdžƐŝğĐůĞƐĚŚŝƐƚŽŝƌĞͿ

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Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

2Q)HEUXDUWKHamp(2RI0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP ampKHUU 6LQJK LQYLWHG WKH $DSUDYDVL KDWTrust Fund at the 11thampKHTXH3UHVHQWDWLRQampHUHPRQIRU LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG 12V VXSSRUWHG E 0DXULWLXVTelecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

7KH UHVWRUDWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI WKH 7ULDQRQ+HULWDJH 6LWH VWDUWHG LQ $XJXVW ZLWK WKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIDampRQVHUYDWLRQ3ODQIRU WKHDUUDFNVDQGLVH[SHFWHGWREHFRPSOHWHGE7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRIWKLVFRQVHUYDWLRQSURMHFWDUH

7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

7RFRQVHUYHWKHH[LVWLQJVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHVWRUHWKHURRIRIWKHEDUUDFNV

7R HQVXUH WKH LQWHJULW DQG DXWKHQWLFLW RI WKH 7ULDQRQDUUDFNVVLWH

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7RSURPRWHDQGPDLQWDLQRXU1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH

7KH$DSUDYDVLKDW7UXVW)XQGKHDUWLOWKDQNVWKH0DXULWLXV7HOHFRP)RXQGDWLRQIRUVXSSRUWLQJWKLVSURMHFW

(YHU HDU RQ -XO WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG RUJDQLVHV D ampRQVXOWDWLYH ampRPPLWWHH LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHDQQLYHUVDURIWKHLQVFULSWLRQRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQWKH81(6amp2RUOG+HULWDJHOLVW7KH FRQVXOWDWLYH FRPPLWWHH LV D IRUXP IRUPHHWLQJVDQGGLVFXVVLRQZLWKWKHORFDOFRPPXQLW

7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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WKH0LQLVWHURI$UWVDQGampXOWXUHDQGWKHRUG0DRURI 3RUW RXLV 0U 0RKDPPDG 2XPDU KROHHJDQ7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH$7)SUHVHQWHGDUHWURVSHFWLYHRI SURMHFWV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH HDU DQG IXWXUHSURMHFWV IRU 7KH $7) WHDP SUHVHQWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

6XPPDURQ WKHDSSOLFDWLRQV IRUGHYHORSPHQW LQWKH$+3XIIHU=RQHIURP-XQHWRHFHPEHU E 0UV 1DWDVKD KHGGRR5DPFKDULWDU5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQW$7)

7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK RQ QGHQWXUH LQ0DXULWLXVEUULVK6HHWDK8QLYHUVLWRI6WDQIRUG86$

7KHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHDIWHU LWV RSHQLQJ YLVLWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV E0U 9LNUDP0XJRQ+HULWDJHQWHUSUHWDWLRQ0DQDJHU$7)

Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

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XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

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52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Flat Island Quarantine Station for Indentured Labourers

Christelle Miao Foh Research Assistant

Corinne Forest Head Technical Unit

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1 As per ordinance No3 of 1857 general quarantine station stands for quarantine for any diseases except cholera2 Mauritius National Archives ndash D6AA57No2 Flat Island and Gabriel Island by TCorby (1857) e document shows construction plans of the dierent quarantines namely Flat Island and Gabriel Island Pointe aux Cannoniers Pointe aux Piment Butte aux sable and Butte aux Papayers3 Raj Boodhoo2010 Health Disease and Indian Immigrants in Nineteenth Century Mauritius4 Proclamation No 6 of 1887

Map An overlay of a modern map of Flat Island onto an archival map of 1857 drawn by T Corby(Source MNAD6AA57No2Map by TCorby Flat Islandgoogle earth 2015 Overlay map drawn by the author)

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KHULWDJH WUDQVPLWWHGIURPJHQHUDWLRQWRJHQHUDWLRQLV FRQVWDQWO UHFUHDWHG E FRPPXQLWLHV DQG JURXSVin response to their environment Their interaction ZLWK QDWXUH DQG KLVWRU SURYLGHV WKHPZLWK D VHQVHRI LGHQWLWDQGFRQWLQXLW WKXVSURPRWLQJUHVSHFWIRUFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLWDQGKXPDQFUHDWLYLW

In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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KLOHPRVWRIWKHVWUXFWXUHVZHUHGHPROLVKHGWKH FKLPQH VWLOO VHHPV WR EH LQWDFW DQG WKH VXJDUPLOO LV LQ UXLQV 7KH EHOO WKHZHOO WKH IRXQWDLQ DQGWKHRIILFHVDUH VWLOO WKHUH 7ZR WR WKUHH URRPVRI WKHFDPS ZLWK WKH DWWDFKHG NLWFKHQ VWLOO UHPDLQ 7KHVHWDQJLEOH VWUXFWXUHVDUH WLHG WRD VHULHVRIPHPRULHVSUDFWLFHVVNLOOVWUDGLWLRQVDQGNQRZKRZ7KLVLVDVLWHZRUWKGRFXPHQWLQJDV LWZDV WKH6XJDUampDPS IURPZKHUHWKHILUVWEDWFKRILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHQWWRZRUN 7KH FRPPXQLWLHV QRZ UHVLGLQJ LQDUORZDQG3KRROLDUDUHRQHRIWKHUDUHZLWQHVVHVRIQGHQWXUHGLPPLJUDQWV ZKR WKH TXRWH DV SHRSOHZKRZRXOG

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

dŚĞƌĂƐĚĂƵ^ƵŐĂƌƐƚĂƚĞBabita D Bahadoor Research Assistant

Julia Jong Haines University of Virginia

$V SDUW RI LWV RQ JRLQJ UHVHDUFK RQ WKHLQGHQWXUHVVWHPDQGVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXVWKH$DSUDYDVLGhat Trust Fund has put emphasis on research on VHYHUDO LQGHQWXUHG VLWHV VLQFH WKH LQVFULSWLRQ RI WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQWKH81(6amp2RUOG+HULWDJH OLVWampRQVHTXHQWODIWHUD VXFFHVVIXOFRQVHUYDWLRQZRUNXQGHUWDNHQDWWKHDUUDFNVORFDWHGRQ WKH SUHPLVHV RI WKH 7ULDQRQ 6XJDU (VWDWH WKH$7) LV FRQGXFWLQJ KLVWRULFDO UHVHDUFK DV ZHOO DVDUFKDHRORJLFDO VXUYH DW WKH )ODW VODQG4XDUDQWLQH6WDWLRQ DQG DW WKH IRUPHU UDV Gmiddot(DX 6XJDU (VWDWH

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Facade of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Mill (Source AGTF Collection)

Remaining Structure of the Bras drsquoEau Sugar Estate (Source AGTF Collection)

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In line with the Convention and the criterion IV XQGHUZKLFKWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHZDVLQVFULEHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQKDVFRPHXSZLWKSURMHFWVIRUamp+UHYLWDOL]DWLRQDPRQJFRPPXQLWLHV7KH$7)KDVLQLWLDWHGDSURMHFWDW$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWRWKLVSXUSRVHEHFDXVHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVWDQGVDPRQJWKHILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG HVWDWHV LWV FDPS ZKHUH LQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVUHVLGHGZDVVWLOO LQXVHXQWLO UHFHQWO2UDOKLVWRUSURMHFWDWDUORZDOORZVXVWREHWWHUDSSUHFLDWHDQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH QDWXUH RI WKH amp+ UHODWHG WR

ICH Projects Documentation of Phooliyar- Antoinette Sugar EstateltŝƌĂŶŚƵƩŽŽĂŶŬĞĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

20

21

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KLOHPRVWRIWKHVWUXFWXUHVZHUHGHPROLVKHGWKH FKLPQH VWLOO VHHPV WR EH LQWDFW DQG WKH VXJDUPLOO LV LQ UXLQV 7KH EHOO WKHZHOO WKH IRXQWDLQ DQGWKHRIILFHVDUH VWLOO WKHUH 7ZR WR WKUHH URRPVRI WKHFDPS ZLWK WKH DWWDFKHG NLWFKHQ VWLOO UHPDLQ 7KHVHWDQJLEOH VWUXFWXUHVDUH WLHG WRD VHULHVRIPHPRULHVSUDFWLFHVVNLOOVWUDGLWLRQVDQGNQRZKRZ7KLVLVDVLWHZRUWKGRFXPHQWLQJDV LWZDV WKH6XJDUampDPS IURPZKHUHWKHILUVWEDWFKRILQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHQWWRZRUN 7KH FRPPXQLWLHV QRZ UHVLGLQJ LQDUORZDQG3KRROLDUDUHRQHRIWKHUDUHZLWQHVVHVRIQGHQWXUHGLPPLJUDQWV ZKR WKH TXRWH DV SHRSOHZKRZRXOG

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Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Archaeological Research at Bois Marchand Cemetery

Dr Saa aval and Hannah Moots

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Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

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22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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7KH REMHFWLYH RI RUJDQLVLQJ VXFK IRUXP LVWR NHHS WKH FRPPXQLW LQIRUPHG RI WKH SURJUHVVRQ SURMHFWV LPSOHPHQWHG E WKH $DSUDYDVL KDW7UXVW )XQG WR LQYLWH WKH FRPPXQLW WRSDUWLFLSDWH LQSURMHFWVDQGWRFRQVROLGDWHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHRUOG+HULWDJH 6LWH DQG WKH FRPPXQLW )HHGEDFN IURPWKH FRPPXQLW LV LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH DSSURSULDWHPDQDJHPHQW FRQVHUYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWLRQ RI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddotVODQGFRQFHVVLRQEWKHFRORQLDOODQGWULEXQDOHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV1DXGXVHGKLVVODYHVWRFOHDU WKH IRUHVW GHYHORS WKH ODQG DQG WUDQVIRUP LWLQWRDVPDOOHVWDWHZKHUHKHJUHZVRPHVXJDUVSLFHVDQG YHJHWDEOHVZKLOH WKH UHVW RI WKH ODQGZDV XVHGIRUJUD]LQJE OLYHVWRFNXULQJ WKHHDUOVKHWXUQHGLWLQWRDVXJDUHVWDWHZLWKDVPDOOVXJDUIDFWRUDQGZKHUHDOFRKROZDVPDQXIDFWXUHG+HHPSORHGVFRUHVRIVODYHVDQGPDGHHQRXJKSURILWVWRSXUFKDVHODQGDGMDFHQWWRWKHHVWDWHDQGKHDOVRREWDLQHGVRPHDGGLWLRQDO ODQG FRQFHVVLRQV 7KH VL]H RI KLV HVWDWHJUHZIURPDUSHQWVWRPRUHWKDQDUSHQWV

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

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WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞƐĚƵďĂůůĞƚŝŶĚŝĞŶĞƚůĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞĐůĞƐĞŶŐĂŐĠƐĂƵyye siegravecle

Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

ŚĂƌŐĠĚĞĐŽƵƌƐăůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠĚĞgtĂZĠƵŶŝŽŶ

2XWUHOHVUHJUHWVGH OD SHUWH GX GpIXQWet les lamentations RFFDVLRQQpHV DX FRXUVGHV YHLOOpHV IXQqEUHVplusieurs moments dans OmiddotHVSDFH GHV FURDQFHVindiennes sont propices jODUHPpPRUDWLRQGHVPWKHVHVUDSSRUWVGHVFKLUXUJLHQV QDYLJDQWV

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Ainsi le convoi Le SiamTXLWWH3RQGLFKpUOHDRWDYHFjVRQERUGpPLJUDQWVHWPRXLOOHOHer VHSWHPEUHHQUDGHGH3RUWRXLVvOH0DXULFHO SDVVD GHX[ MRXUV VDQV TXH OmiddotLQWHQGDQFH VDQLWDLUHYRXOW VH UHQGUH j ERUG HW ILW URXWH DORUV SRXU D5pXQLRQSXLVUHVWDRQ]HMRXUVSRXUIDLUHGHOmiddotHDXOTXLWWD6DLQWHQLVOHVHSWHPEUHDXVRLUHWPRXLOODOHRFWREUHGHYDQW6DLQWH+pOqQHHQGLUHFWLRQGHOD0DUWLQLTXHHPpGHFLQHFOHUFSGpFULWGDQV VRQ UDSSRUWPpGLFDO OHV DFWLYLWpV GHV HQJDJpVindiens

Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

3URVSHU (YH HVWLPH TXmiddotHQWUH HW OmiddotvOH DFFXHLOOH LQGLHQV H SLF GmiddotLPPLJUDWLRQVH VLWXHUDLW YHUV GDWH j ODTXHOOH OH QRPEUHGmiddotHQWUpHVHVWpYDOXpj2

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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ampRULQJD RU ampDUDQJD ZDV D FRQVLGHUDEOHVHDSRUW WRZQ LQ WKH 1RUWKHUQ ampLUFDUV GLVWULFW RI5DMDPXQGU W ZDV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HPSRULXPRI WUDGH LQ WLPEHU VXSSOLHG IURP WKH LQWHULRU RI WKHIRUHVWHGFRXQWU$PRQJWKHH[SRUWVIURPWKHDZHUHFORWKWREDFFRJURXQGQXWVULFHDQGVXJDU$VWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHSRUWRIampRULQJDLQPDULWLPHWUDGH+HQU0RUULVZURWHldquoIt was the only place between Calcutta and Trincomalee where large vessels used to be dockedhellip gt+RZHYHUbecause of its location on a low site near the coast Coringa suffered very seriously in the hurricanes of 1784 and 1839rdquo 300000 people ORVWWKHLUOLYHVLQWKHVXUJH7KLVFDODPLWPDUNHGWKHIDOORIampRULQJDLQWHUPVRIYROXPHRIWUDGHLQWKHZRUOG DQG HPLJUDWLRQ WR 0DXULWLXV 7KLV OHG WR WKHULVHRIWKHDNLQDGDSRUWORFDWHGLQWKHampRULQJDD5HIHUULQJWRWKHIDOORIampRULQJDDQGWKHSKHQRPHQDOULVH RI RNLQDGD $GDSD 6DWDQDUDDQD ZULWHVldquoOf the all ports in the Bay Kakinada or Coconada soon rose to prominence both as a trading centre as well as an urban townrdquo$IWHU WKHFORVXUHRI WKHampRULQJDSRUWPLJUDQWVKDG WRPDNH WKHLUZD WR WKHSRUWRI0DGUDV WR HPEDUN IRU0DXULWLXV DQG RWKHU FRORQLDOdestinations

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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43

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7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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W ZDV LQGHHG YHU FRVWO IRU D 0DXULWLDQ WRDIIRUGWRSDIRUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQ(XURSH7KHIDWKHURI GULFHRRPDQZKRZDV LQ EXVLQHVV VWUXJJOHGKDUGWRVXVWDLQWKHORQJHGXFDWLRQDOSXUVXLWRIKLVVRQDEURDG

Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q 6RXWK $IULFD KH FRQWULEXWHG WR 5REEHQVODQG9UHGHIRUWRPHDQGWKH5LFKWHUVYHOG+6LWHV6WRQH7RZQRI=DQ]LEDUDQGLOZDLVLZDQLDQG6RQJR0QDUD LQ7DQ]DQLDRFFXSLHGKLPIRUPRUH WKDQILYHHDUVVWDUWLQJLQQKHZDVUHTXHVWHGWRDGYLVHWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLWZLWKUHJDUGVWRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH0X]LEX$]DDOD0SDQJD7RPEVRIWKHXJDQGDLQJVDWDVXELDPSDOD8JDQGDDQGLQWKHVDPHHDUVWDUWHGKLVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWDQGLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHQHZSRUWGHYHORSPHQWDGMDFHQWWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH DW DPXHQD+HZDVGLUHFWO FRPPLVVLRQHGGLUHFWOE81(6amp2WRFRQGXFW WKH+HULWDJH PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW IRU WKH DPX HHS DWHU 3RUW SURMHFWD WDVN GXULQJZKLFK KH DJDLQ VWUHVVHG WKH YDOXH RIHQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FRPPXQLW Q ODWH KH ZDVWDVNHGZLWKDQDGYLVRUPLVVLRQWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJHQRPLQDWHGDURWVHDQGampXOWXUDODQGVFDSH=DPELD

DUHO ZDV FRPPLWWHG WR WKH LGHD RI paraOLYLQJKHULWDJHmiddotsup2DFRQWLQXDOOVHOIPRGXODWLQJKHULWDJHDVSDUW RI D FRQWLQXXP RI SHRSOHmiddotV HQJDJHPHQW ZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWDQGSODHGDFUXFLDOUROHLQFUHDWLQJVXSSRUWIRUWKH81(6amp2+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHVapproach

Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

21

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+XQGUHGV RI OLIH KLVWRULHV RI GHVFHQWV RIQGHQWXUHGODERXUHUVZHUHUHFRUGHGEWKH$7)VLQFH LQFOXGLQJ DQ LQYHQWRU RQ QWDQJLEOH ampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH UHODWHG WR LQGHQWXUH 7KLV KDV UHVXOWHG LQGHYHORSLQJ D GDWDEDVH RQ OLIH KLVWRULHV FDSWXULQJWDOHV ULGGOHV VWRULHV WUDGLWLRQDO IRON VRQJV JDPHVFUDIWVPDQVKLS EHOLHI VVWHP ULWHV DQG ULWXDOV 7KLVZRUNFRQVLVWLQJLQFROOHFWLQJPHPRULHVDQGLQWDQJLEOHFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHZLOOFRQWLQXHDW7ULDQRQ6XJDU(VWDWHORFDWHGLQ6DLQW-HDQ4XDWUHVRUQHVLQRUGHUWRJDLQDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFRQWH[WRISHUIRUPDQFHIRUWKHQWDQJLEOHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH

Informants

RecipeWƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨldquoPoowardquoA traditional recipe of Mauritian Intangible Cultural HeritagePoowas DUH SUHSDUHG GXULQJ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO +LQGX +ROL IHVWLYDO FHOHEUDWHG IURP DQFLHQW WLPH E RXUDQFHVWRUVDQGIROORZHGEWKHQHZJHQHUDWLRQV+ROLIHVWLYDOEULQJVXQLW ORYHDQGEURWKHUKRRGDPRQJSHRSOH1RZDGDV+ROLLVSHUIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWZDVEXWWKHVSLULWRIWKLVFHOHEUDWLRQVWLOOUHPDLQVHVKRXOGHQMRWKLVIHVWLYDOZLWKWKHWUXHVSLULWRIIHVWLYLW

ŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ

ϰĐƵƉƐŽĨŇŽƵƌ

frac12 cup of sugar

2 tbs of milk powder

Oil for frying

WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶƐ

HJLQEDGGLQJDOOWKHLQJUHGLHQWVLQWRDODUJHERZO7KHQDGGKDOIDFXSRIZDWHUWRWKHPL[WXUHDQGZKLVNXQWLODEDWWHULVIRUPHG7KHEDWWHUVKRXOGORRNVPRRWK+HDWDSDQZLWKRLODQGFDUHIXOOSXWVSRRQIXOVRIWKHPL[WXUHLQWKHRLO)URQORZIODPHXQWLOJROGHQEURZQLQFRORXU3ODFHRQDEVRUEHQWSDSHUDQGVHUYHhot

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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7KLV FRQVHUYDWLRQ SURMHFW IDOOV XQGHU WKH1DWLRQDO amp65 $SSURYHG 3URJUDPPH (QYLURQPHQWFRGH0DLQWHQDQFHRI1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH FRGH501)

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7RIXOILOOWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH$7)$FWLQSUHVHUYLQJDQGSURPRWLQJUHVHDUFKRQLQGHQWXUHVLWHVLQ0DXULWLXV

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Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

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ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

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Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

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DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Ainsi le convoi Le SiamTXLWWH3RQGLFKpUOHDRWDYHFjVRQERUGpPLJUDQWVHWPRXLOOHOHer VHSWHPEUHHQUDGHGH3RUWRXLVvOH0DXULFHO SDVVD GHX[ MRXUV VDQV TXH OmiddotLQWHQGDQFH VDQLWDLUHYRXOW VH UHQGUH j ERUG HW ILW URXWH DORUV SRXU D5pXQLRQSXLVUHVWDRQ]HMRXUVSRXUIDLUHGHOmiddotHDXOTXLWWD6DLQWHQLVOHVHSWHPEUHDXVRLUHWPRXLOODOHRFWREUHGHYDQW6DLQWH+pOqQHHQGLUHFWLRQGHOD0DUWLQLTXHHPpGHFLQHFOHUFSGpFULWGDQV VRQ UDSSRUWPpGLFDO OHV DFWLYLWpV GHV HQJDJpVindiens

Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

3URVSHU (YH HVWLPH TXmiddotHQWUH HW OmiddotvOH DFFXHLOOH LQGLHQV H SLF GmiddotLPPLJUDWLRQVH VLWXHUDLW YHUV GDWH j ODTXHOOH OH QRPEUHGmiddotHQWUpHVHVWpYDOXpj2

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middotLPPLJUDWLRQGHYUDLWVHORQOXLcopyDPHQHUOHVSHXSOHVHQFRUHGDQVOmiddotHQIDQFHDXVHLQGHVQDWLRQVFLYLOLVpHVordfGmiddotXQHPDQLqUHcopyOLEUHHWFRQVHQWLHordf

DQpFHVVLWpDEVROXHGHUHFUXWHUGDQVOmiddotQGHVXLWHjODdispersion des anciens esclaves

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middotRFFDVLRQ GH PRQWUHU j Omiddot$QJOHWHUUH TXH OHVLPPLJUDQWV pWDLHQW ELHQ WUDLWpV O UDSSHOOH OH IDLWVXLYDQW OHQDYLUHcopymiddotOHRXUERQordfDDQWGpEDUTXpen 1856 des coolies provisoirement on eut toutes les SHLQHVj OHVUpHPEDUTXHUSRXU ODXDGHORXSH OHXUGHVWLQDWLRQ ILQDOH(QHIIHW OH FRQYRLGmiddotLQGLHQVDYDLWSULVFRQWDFWDYHFOHVHQJDJpVGHRXUERQHWUHIXVDLWGHUHPRQWHUVXUOHEDWHDXFHTXLIXWIDLWSDUODIRUFH

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

22

Funding for the Conservation of the Old Labourersrsquo Quarters at Trianon Sugar Estate from Mauritius Telecom Foundation

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7KH3URMHFWRI RFDO(FRQRPLFHYHORSPHQW3ODQIRUWKHXIIHU=RQHE0UV0DXULQD6RRGLQ5XQJKHQ5HVHDUFKHU$7)

7KH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DQG UHVHDUFK SODQ IRU WKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWHE0U6DWHQGUD3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ$7)

7KH DUFKDHRORJLFDO UHVHDUFK RQ QGHQWXUH LQ0DXULWLXVEUULVK6HHWDK8QLYHUVLWRI6WDQIRUG86$

7KHHHNUXPVLQJ5DPODOODKQWHUSUHWDWLRQampHQWUHDIWHU LWV RSHQLQJ YLVLWV DQG DFWLYLWLHV E0U 9LNUDP0XJRQ+HULWDJHQWHUSUHWDWLRQ0DQDJHU$7)

Consultative Committee

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

$QWRLQHWWH3KRROLDUDQLQYLWDWLRQWRGLVFRYHUWKH LQGHQWXUH KHULWDJH RI0DXULWLXVmicro FRQVLVWV RI D SDJH ERRNOHW WKDW SURYLGHV GHWDLOHG DFFRXQWV RI WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHDQGWKHVWRURILWVLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVDQGWKHLU0DXULWLDQGHVFHQGDQWVW VSDQV WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ DQG ORRNLQJDW WKH JHQHVLV DQG HPHUJHQFH RI $QWRLQHWWH IRUPHUONQRZQDVHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWRRQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDU HVWDWHV LQ 5LYLqUH GX 5HPSDUW GLVWULFW GXULQJ WKH6XJDU 5HYROXWLRQ 7KH )UDQFR0DXULWLDQ SODQWHUV DOVRSODHGDNHUROH LQPDNLQJ WKLVSRVVLEOH7KHERRNOHWSURYLGHVQHZLQVLJKWLQWRWKHDUULYDORIWKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVLQ1RYHPEHUZKRZHQWWRZRUNDQGOLYHRQ$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH WDOVR LQFOXGHV WKH OLYHVRIWKH QGLDQampKLQHVH LEHUDWHG$IULFDQ DQGampRPRULDQFRQWUDFWZRUNHUVZKR OLYHGDQGZRUNHG WKHUHEHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV

7KHDOVREULHIOORRNDWRQHQGR0DXULWLDQIDPLOWKH3XUEKRRIDPLOZKRIRUWKUHHJHQHUDWLRQVZRUNHGDQGOLYHG RQ $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH EHWZHHQ WKH VDQGVWDOVRSURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIVRPHRIWKH

LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddotVODQGFRQFHVVLRQEWKHFRORQLDOODQGWULEXQDOHWZHHQWKHVDQGHDUOV1DXGXVHGKLVVODYHVWRFOHDU WKH IRUHVW GHYHORS WKH ODQG DQG WUDQVIRUP LWLQWRDVPDOOHVWDWHZKHUHKHJUHZVRPHVXJDUVSLFHVDQG YHJHWDEOHVZKLOH WKH UHVW RI WKH ODQGZDV XVHGIRUJUD]LQJE OLYHVWRFNXULQJ WKHHDUOVKHWXUQHGLWLQWRDVXJDUHVWDWHZLWKDVPDOOVXJDUIDFWRUDQGZKHUHDOFRKROZDVPDQXIDFWXUHG+HHPSORHGVFRUHVRIVODYHVDQGPDGHHQRXJKSURILWVWRSXUFKDVHODQGDGMDFHQWWRWKHHVWDWHDQGKHDOVRREWDLQHGVRPHDGGLWLRQDO ODQG FRQFHVVLRQV 7KH VL]H RI KLV HVWDWHJUHZIURPDUSHQWVWRPRUHWKDQDUSHQWV

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

0DXULWLXV KDG EHHQ DIIHFWHG E VHYHUDOVPDOOSR[ HSLGHPLFV SULRU WR WKH EHJLQQLQJ RIPDVVLPPLJUDWLRQRIQGLDQODERXUHUVLQWKHVWZDVD FRPPRQ GLVHDVH LQ PDQ FRXQWULHV Q (QJODQGVPDOOSR[ NQRZQ DV paraWKH VSHFNOHG PRQVWHUmiddot ZDVGHVFULEHG E FRQWHPSRUDU ZULWHUV DV paraWKH PRVWWHUULEOHRIDOOPLQLVWHUVRIGHDWKmiddot+LJKOFRQWDJLRXVLW ZDVPRUH SUHYDOHQW LQ WKH RYHUFURZGHG DUHDV RI(QJOLVK LQGXVWULDO WRZQV 7KH YLFWLP ZDV DIIHFWHGE IHYHU DQGD UDVKZKLFK FRYHUHG WKHZKROH ERGVRRQWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRSXVILOOHGSXVWXOHVKHQWKHKHDOHGWKHSXVWXOHVOHIWGHHSVFDUV

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Kalchul ĂnjĂĂƌ ĂƚĐŚĂƌĂ ĞƟJharna Alim Gajak WŽƵŬŶŝGodi WĂŝƐƐĂ Duniya gtŽƚĂDukh Nissa Kismet WŚĞŶŽƵƐƐĞWŽŽůŝĂ Jalsa Dalpuri Dahi

Gandjia Agwa WƵũĂ KawalChake ĞůŶĂ Dalpitha SawalChulha

DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Nardeacutegon et opparli sur les convois et dans les deacutepocircts

WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞƐĚƵďĂůůĞƚŝŶĚŝĞŶĞƚůĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞĐůĞƐĞŶŐĂŐĠƐĂƵyye siegravecle

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

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A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

SXEOLF WKHPHPEHUVRI WKHRRPDQ IDPLOKDG WRJRWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQ3RUWRXLVWRLQTXLUHDERXWWKHKHDOWKRIWKHLUNLQGUHG2Q-XOZKLOH WKH ampKLHI 0HGLFDO 2IILFHU ZDV DSSULVLQJ WKHPHPEHUVRIWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQWKHSUHVHQFHRI $VVHQ RRPDQ WR WKH IDFW WKDW WKH KHDOWK RIU GULFH RRPDQ ZDV LPSURYLQJ D PDOH QXUVHUXVKHG LQWR WKH RIILFH WR DQQRXQFH WKH GHPLVH RIWKHGRFWRU7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQZHUH VKRFNHG DQG WKH EURWKHU RI GULFH RRPDQIHOOLQVWDQWOXQFRQVFLRXVRQWKHWDEOHEWKLVVXGGHQannouncement The Health Commission which met LQVSHFLDOVHVVLRQRQ-XOGHFLGHGWKDWUGULFHRRPDQEHJLYHQ WKHVDPHUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWWKHRQHJLYHQWRWKLVSUHGHFHVVRUU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUG DQG WKDW KLV ERG EH EXULHG ZLWK DOOKRQRXUVDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV

7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

e exhibition entitled ldquoHanging History Dress of Indian female immigrants in the 19th centuryrdquo is the result of a research project conducted by a team of historians artists and students funded by the University of Mauritius in 2013 e team has analysed the pictures of the immigrant women taken at the Aapravasi Ghat from the MGI archives collection and from private collections e purpose was to document a rich and disappearing heritage in order to foster pride in this legacy and encourage craftsmanship in traditions which form part of our identity

Exhibition ldquoHanging History

Dress of Indian Female Immigrants in the 19th Centuryrdquo

e exhibition will be presented at the Aapravasi Ghat World

Heritage Site from

3rd November until 6th December 2015

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LPSRUWDQW VXUYLYLQJ VWRQHstructures such as the ROG VXJDUPLOO WKH HVWDWHcamp and the temple 7KH ERRNOHW KLJKOLJKWVWKH KLVWRULF DQG KHULWDJHYDOXH RI $QWRLQHWWHand the importance in GLVVHPLQDWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW WKLV UDUH LQGHQWXUHsite to the Mauritian SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[WRIWKHstDQQLYHUVDURIWKH DUULYDO RI LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUV RQ 0DXULWLDQVKRUHV 7KLV ERRNOHW ZDVZULWWHQ E 6DWHQGUD 3HHUWKXP+LVWRULDQ DW $7) WKHRUDO LQWHUYLHZV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E0UV LUDQ -DQNHH5HVHDUFK$VVLVWDQWDW$7)DQG WKHGHVLJQDQG ODRXWDUHE$KHPUDM7KLVSURMHFWZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHZLWKWKHILUPVXSSRUWRI0U$QLOKXQampKDLUPDQRI$7)DQGWKHRDUGRI$7)

Note on the Antoinette Booklet

ldquoThey came 181 years agohellipWith their sweat toil tears and blood they nurtured this island that today is a heaven of peace and prosperityrdquo 1834-2015

Antoinete (Phooliyar)

An Invitation to Discover the Indenure Heritage of Mauritius

Satyendra PeerthumHistorian Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

23

24

ϬϮEŽǀϮϬϭϰʹ^ŵƚ^ƵƐŚŵĂ^ǁĂƌĂũŽŶŽƌĂďůĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdžƚĞƌŶĂůīĂŝƌƐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

ϭϮDĂƌϮϬϭϱʹEĂƌĞŶĚƌĂDŽĚŝWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨŶĚŝĂ

ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

ϭϲKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϱͲZƵůĂDĂĂLJĂŚDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨdŽƵƌŝƐŵWĂůĞƐƟŶĞ

ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

ϮϱƵŐϮϬϭϱʹ ŽŚŶƌĂŵĂŶŝDĂŚĂŵĂWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞƉƵďůŝĐŽĨŚĂŶĂ

ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

3URMHFWVDQG$FWLYLWLHV

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

0DXULWLXV KDG EHHQ DIIHFWHG E VHYHUDOVPDOOSR[ HSLGHPLFV SULRU WR WKH EHJLQQLQJ RIPDVVLPPLJUDWLRQRIQGLDQODERXUHUVLQWKHVWZDVD FRPPRQ GLVHDVH LQ PDQ FRXQWULHV Q (QJODQGVPDOOSR[ NQRZQ DV paraWKH VSHFNOHG PRQVWHUmiddot ZDVGHVFULEHG E FRQWHPSRUDU ZULWHUV DV paraWKH PRVWWHUULEOHRIDOOPLQLVWHUVRIGHDWKmiddot+LJKOFRQWDJLRXVLW ZDVPRUH SUHYDOHQW LQ WKH RYHUFURZGHG DUHDV RI(QJOLVK LQGXVWULDO WRZQV 7KH YLFWLP ZDV DIIHFWHGE IHYHU DQGD UDVKZKLFK FRYHUHG WKHZKROH ERGVRRQWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRSXVILOOHGSXVWXOHVKHQWKHKHDOHGWKHSXVWXOHVOHIWGHHSVFDUV

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

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HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Gandjia Agwa WƵũĂ KawalChake ĞůŶĂ Dalpitha SawalChulha

DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Nardeacutegon et opparli sur les convois et dans les deacutepocircts

WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞƐĚƵďĂůůĞƚŝŶĚŝĞŶĞƚůĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞĐůĞƐĞŶŐĂŐĠƐĂƵyye siegravecle

Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

ŚĂƌŐĠĚĞĐŽƵƌƐăůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠĚĞgtĂZĠƵŶŝŽŶ

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Ainsi le convoi Le SiamTXLWWH3RQGLFKpUOHDRWDYHFjVRQERUGpPLJUDQWVHWPRXLOOHOHer VHSWHPEUHHQUDGHGH3RUWRXLVvOH0DXULFHO SDVVD GHX[ MRXUV VDQV TXH OmiddotLQWHQGDQFH VDQLWDLUHYRXOW VH UHQGUH j ERUG HW ILW URXWH DORUV SRXU D5pXQLRQSXLVUHVWDRQ]HMRXUVSRXUIDLUHGHOmiddotHDXOTXLWWD6DLQWHQLVOHVHSWHPEUHDXVRLUHWPRXLOODOHRFWREUHGHYDQW6DLQWH+pOqQHHQGLUHFWLRQGHOD0DUWLQLTXHHPpGHFLQHFOHUFSGpFULWGDQV VRQ UDSSRUWPpGLFDO OHV DFWLYLWpV GHV HQJDJpVindiens

Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

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A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

24

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ldquoIt has been an immense honour and priviledge for me to pay homage at this ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƐŚƌŝŶĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞŵŽƌLJŽĨƚŚĞƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐǁŚŽůĂŶĚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƌĞƐϭϴϬLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĂŶĚƐĂĐƌŝĮĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďƌĂǀĞƐŽƵůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƚĞĚ ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJ ŚĂƌƐŚ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƐƉĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĞŶũŽLJĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĂŝŶďŽǁŝƐůĂŶĚƚŽĚĂLJ

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ldquoI am honoured to have the opportunity to pay homage to the ďƌĂǀĞ ĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝƐ ǁŚŽ ůĞŌ ŶĚŝĂƐ ƐŚŽƌĞƐ ŶĞĂƌůLJ ƚǁŽ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐĂŐŽĂƉƌĂǀĂƐŝŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚ ƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŽŵŝƚĂďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƉŝƌŝƚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƵƌƉĞŽƉůĞƚŝƐŽƵƌƐĂĐƌĞĚĚƵƚLJƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚĞ

ϮϭƵŐϮϬϭϱʹŽŶƌ DĂŚĞƐŚ^ŚĂƌŵĂhŶŝŽŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨ^ƚĂƚĞŶĚŝĂŶDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŽĨƵůƚƵƌĞΘdŽƵƌŝƐŵ

sŝƐŝƟŶŐ ŝŶĚĞŶƚƵƌĞĚ ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ŝƐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ƟŵĞ ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽvisualize the real happening of the workers who came to DĂƵƌŝƟƵƐ

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ƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĚĞƐĞƌǀĞƐƚŽďĞĂtŽƌůĚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ^ŝƚĞ

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ldquosĞƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĞĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞDĂŶLJ ƚŚĂŶŬƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŽƵƌŽŶƚŚĞŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶŽĨŵLJƐƚĂƚĞǀŝƐŝƚƚŽDĂƵƌŝƟƵƐƌĞĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŽƚŚĞmemory of the many indentured slaves who came through this ƐŝƚĞ

Visit of eminent personalities at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site

2 November 2014 - October 2015

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25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

HWZHHQ WKHHDUOVDQGV0DUWLQUDSLGOGHYHORSHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWHEGRXEOLQJLWVVL]HWR PRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV DQG VXJDU SURGXFWLRQUHDFKHG PRUH WKDQ WRQV SHU HDU E Q D ampRPSDJQLH 6XFULqUH Gmiddot$QWRLQHWWH ZDVFUHDWHGDQGWRRNSRVVHVVLRQRIWKHHVWDWHXULQJWKHVDPHHDU0U$QWRLQH+DUHOWKHQHZRZQHUPDGHDUDUHDQGLPSRUWDQWH[FKDQJHZKHUHDUSHQWVRI$QWRLQHWWHZHUH H[FKDQJHG IRU DUSHQWV RI ODQGIURPHDX6HMRXU6XJDU(VWDWH

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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

UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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LVVRRQGRDO 6 $SULODVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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QDQGKHODUJHOFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRI WKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRUWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH +H DOVR ZRUNHG RQ WKH H 0RUQH ampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGWKH81(6amp26ODYH5RXWH0RQXPHQWin Mauritius

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

25

Exploring our Mauritian indenture sites A brief history of Antoinette Sugar Estate

and the experience of its indentured labourersSatyendra Peerthum Historian

The Genesis of Antoinette Sugar Estate

2YHUWKHSDVWWKUHHGHFDGHV$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH KDV EHHQPHQWLRQHG RQ QXPHURXV RFFDVLRQVas an important indenture site where the ldquofirstrdquo Indian LQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZRUNHGDQG OLYHG+RZHYHU IHZSHRSOHNQRZDERXWLWVRULJLQVDQGWKHH[SHULHQFHRILWVLPPLJUDQWZRUNHUV7KHJHQHVLVRI$QWRLQHWWHRUHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWH ORFDWHG LQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWGLVWULFW FDQ EH WUDFHG WR ZKHQ ampKHYDOLHU GHampKHUPRQWD)UHQFKPLOLWDURIILFHUDQGDULVWRFUDWZDVJLYHQDODQGFRQFHVVLRQRIDUSHQWVERYHUQRUHVURFKHVZLWKWKHVXSSRUWRIQWHQGDQW3LHUUH3RLYUHXULQJ WKHVDQG WKH HDUOV LW FRQVLVWHGPDLQO RI ODQG FRYHUHG E IRUHVW DQG UHPDLQHGXQGHYHORSHGEampKHYDOLHUGHampKHUPRQW

Q RXLV1DXGZDV JLYHQampKHUPRQWmiddot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

XULQJ WKH ODWH V 1DXG SDVVHG DZDDQGKLVZLIHDQG FKLOGUHQ VROGKLV HVWDWH WR (PLOLHQXSXDQG0DGDPH-RVHSKLRUHLQXSXDQGLRUHZHUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHWKHVXJDUHVWDWHDQGVROG LW WR0U$UEXWKQRWZKRUHSUHVHQWHG+XQWHU DQG $UEXWKQRW ampRPSDQ D QHZO IRUPHGULWLVKFRPSDQEDVHG LQ0DXULWLXV$UEXWKQRWJDYHWKHQDPHRIBelle AllianceWRKLVQHZDFTXLVLWLRQ+LVFRPSDQLQYHVWHGWKRXVDQGVRISRXQGVVWHUOLQJVLQWRWKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG WUDQVIRUPHG LW LQWR RQH RI WKHmost important plantations in Riviegravere du Rempart with RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWGLVWLOOHULHV

The Experience of the Antoinette Indentured Workers

IQWKHUHZDVDWRWDORIVODYHVRQWKHSODQWDWLRQDQGELQGHQWXUHGQGLDQZRUNHUVZHUH DOVR ODERULQJ LQ LWV VXJDU FDQH ILHOGV 5HFHQWresearch at the Mauritius Archives has provided new LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ WKH LQGHQWXUHG ODERXUHUV ZKR FDPHto Mauritius on the Atlas RQ 6XQGD nd1RYHPEHU 7KH VWRU RI WKHVH SLRQHHU QGLDQ ODERXUHUVEHJDQ DOPRVW WZRPRQWKV HDUOLHU LQampDOFXWWD QGLDZLWK WKH DUULYDO RI HRUJH ampKDUOHV $UEXWKQRW SDUWRZQHURI$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWH

e 36 Bihari Hill Coolies who worked on Antoinette Sugar Estate during the 1830s (Source Mauritius National Archives)

HISTORY and RESEARCH

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

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27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

7KH YDFFLQH ZDV EURXJKW IURP QGLD WR WKH)UHQFK0DVFDUHQHVLQDERXWQWKHILUVWULWLVKRYHUQRU)DUTXKDUVHWXSYDFFLQDWLRQFHQWUHVDQGDSSRLQWHGYDFFLQDWRUVIRUWKHSRUWDQGWKHGLVWULFWV0DXULWLDQVGUHDGHGWKHRXWEUHDNVRIHSLGHPLFVHDFKWLPHYHVVHOVZLWKVPDOOSR[YLFWLPVDUULYHGDWWKHSRUW7KHDOZDVSUHVVHGRQWKHJRYHUQPHQWWRVHQGVKLSVDZDIURPWKHSRUWWRWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVQIHFWHGVKLSVZHUHWKHUHIRUHGLUHFWHGWRTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQVDW OHDX[pQLWLHUVRU)ODW LVODQG7KHZHUHDJDLQVWWKHSURMHFWRI WKHJRYHUQPHQW WREXLOGDTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQ DW OH DX[ 7RQQHOLHUV DUJXLQJ WKDW WKLV LVOHWwas too close to the town and that the miasma could LQIHFW WKH LQKDELWDQWV )LQDOO E PLG V )ODWDQG DEULHO VODQGV EHFDPH WKH PDLQ VWDWLRQV IRULQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV6KLSVIURPQGLDZHUHQRWWKHRQOFDUULHUVRIGLVHDVH WKRVHFDUULQJ OLEHUDWHG$IULFDQVDQGULWLVKWURRSVZHUHDOVRGDQJHURXVQWKH

HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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QDQGKHODUJHOFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRI WKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRUWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH +H DOVR ZRUNHG RQ WKH H 0RUQH ampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGWKH81(6amp26ODYH5RXWH0RQXPHQWin Mauritius

Q 6RXWK $IULFD KH FRQWULEXWHG WR 5REEHQVODQG9UHGHIRUWRPHDQGWKH5LFKWHUVYHOG+6LWHV6WRQH7RZQRI=DQ]LEDUDQGLOZDLVLZDQLDQG6RQJR0QDUD LQ7DQ]DQLDRFFXSLHGKLPIRUPRUH WKDQILYHHDUVVWDUWLQJLQQKHZDVUHTXHVWHGWRDGYLVHWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLWZLWKUHJDUGVWRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH0X]LEX$]DDOD0SDQJD7RPEVRIWKHXJDQGDLQJVDWDVXELDPSDOD8JDQGDDQGLQWKHVDPHHDUVWDUWHGKLVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWDQGLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHQHZSRUWGHYHORSPHQWDGMDFHQWWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH DW DPXHQD+HZDVGLUHFWO FRPPLVVLRQHGGLUHFWOE81(6amp2WRFRQGXFW WKH+HULWDJH PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW IRU WKH DPX HHS DWHU 3RUW SURMHFWD WDVN GXULQJZKLFK KH DJDLQ VWUHVVHG WKH YDOXH RIHQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FRPPXQLW Q ODWH KH ZDVWDVNHGZLWKDQDGYLVRUPLVVLRQWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJHQRPLQDWHGDURWVHDQGampXOWXUDODQGVFDSH=DPELD

DUHO ZDV FRPPLWWHG WR WKH LGHD RI paraOLYLQJKHULWDJHmiddotsup2DFRQWLQXDOOVHOIPRGXODWLQJKHULWDJHDVSDUW RI D FRQWLQXXP RI SHRSOHmiddotV HQJDJHPHQW ZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWDQGSODHGDFUXFLDOUROHLQFUHDWLQJVXSSRUWIRUWKH81(6amp2+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHVapproach

Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

26

On 10th6HSWHPEHU+LOOampRROLHVRIWKHKDQJDUFDVWH RULJLQDOO IURP WKHKLOOVRILKDULQHDVWHUQQGLDDQGZKRZHUHWKHQOLYLQJLQampDOFXWWDVLJQHGD ILYHHDU ODERXUFRQWUDFWZLWK$UEXWKQRWRILOODQGHUV2JLOYLH DQ LPSRUWDQW ULWLVK FRPPHUFLDOILUPEDVHG LQULWLVK QGLD DQGDFWLQJRQEHKDOI RI+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQDPDMRUULWLVKWUDGLQJFRPSDQLQ0DXULWLXVLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIamp0F)DUODQDW WKH ampDOFXWWD 3ROLFH +HDG2IILFH 0DF)DUODQ WKHampKLHI0DJLVWUDWHRIampDOFXWWD UHDGDQGH[SODLQHG LQGHWDLO WKH FRQWUDFW WR WKH QGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZLWK WKHKHOSRIDQQGLDQLQWHUSUHWHU

2QHRI WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH FRQWUDFW FOHDUOstated

ldquoThe natives agree to proceed to Mauritius to work as labourers there upon a sugar estate the property of Hunter Arbuthnot amp Co and to remain there as required for the term of 5 yearsrdquo

2QFH WKH ODERXUHUVDJUHHG WR WKH WHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQV WKH SODFHG WKHLU WKXPE PDUN RQ WKHcontract and on a separate list which contained the QDPHVRI WKHampRROLHV WKHSODFHGDQparamiddotQH[W WRWKHLUQDPHV7KHVLUGDURIWKHVHODERXUHUVZDVFDOOHG6RRURRSZKRZDVDVVLVWHGE6XEDUDPQDOO WKHUHZHUH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV DPRQJ $UEXWKQRWmiddotVFRROLHV VRPH RI WKHLU QDPHV ZHUH ampDOODFKDXQGRRNKXQ KRPDUDK KRRGKRR XQJRQ DQGKXGKUDP

7KH ODERXU FRQWUDFW ZKLFK WKHVH ODERXUHUVVLJQHG ZDV ZULWWHQ LQ HQJDOL )XUWKHUPRUH WKHVDODU IRU WKHPDOHVZDVILYHUXSHHVSHUPRQWKDQGIRUWKHIHPDOHVRQOIRXUUXSHHVSHUPRQWK7KHVLUGDUwas paid ten rupees per month and the assistant VLUGDUDURXQGHLJKWUXSHHVSHUPRQWKQIDFWWKHDOOUHFHLYHGVL[PRQWKVmiddotSDLQDGYDQFHEHIRUHERDUGLQJthe Atlas WZDV+XQWHU$UEXWKQRWampRPSDQ WKDWSDLGIRUWKHLUMRXUQHIURPampDOFXWWDWR3RUWRXLV$VDUHVXOWRQHUXSHHZDVGHGXFWHGIURPWKHLUPRQWKOZDJHVEWKDWULWLVKFRPSDQIRUWKHUHWXUQSDVVDJHWRQGLDDQGWKHZHUHDOVRJRLQJWREHSURYLGHGZLWKIRRGFORWKLQJORGJLQJDQGPHGLFDOFDUH

LWKLQ D GD DIWHU WKHLU DUULYDO RQ nd 1RYHPEHU $UEXWKQRWmiddotV FRROLHVZHUH WDNHQ WRHOOH$OOLDQFH6XJDU(VWDWHLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUW7KHQGLDQ ODERXUHUV ZRUNHG IURP VXQULVH WR VXQVHW VL[GDVDZHHNDQGWKHZHUHDOVRUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPOLJKWGXWLHVRQ6XQGDV

7KH ZRUNHG VLGH E VLGH ZLWK WKH VODYHV RIHOOH$OOLDQFHLQWKHVXJDUFDQHILHOGV

7KHUHIRUH WKH LQGHQWXUHG ZRUNHUV VXSSOHPHQWHGWKHODERXURIWKHVODYHVDQGZHUHDEOHVVLQJIRU WKDW SDUWLFXODU HVWDWH EHFDXVH EHWZHHQ WKHPLGV DQG HDUO V VXJDU SURGXFWLRQ UHDFKHGWRWRQVHDFKHDUDQGDOPRVWDUSHQWVRI ODQG ZHUH DGGHG WR HOOH $OOLDQFH XULQJ WKLVHDUO SHULRG RI LQGHQWXUHG ODERXU WKHUH ZHUH RWKHUQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZKRDOVRZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRU VHYHUDO HDUV DW $QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH VXFKDVPPLJUDQWXFKPXQ

Q $UEXWKQRW VROG HOOH $OOLDQFH WRampKDLOPHUV XLOOH DQG ampRPSDQ ZKLFK E WKHQH[WHQGHGRYHUDQDUHDRIDUSHQWVDQGSURGXFHGWRQVRIVXJDU$IHZHDUVODWHULQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHZDVSXUFKDVHGE6WH DQJORLVEURWKHUVZKRSURGXFHGPRUHWKDQWRQVRIVXJDUHDFKHDU1863 it was Raoul de Maroussem and his associates ZKRERXJKWWKHVXJDUHVWDWH+HUHQDPHGWKHVXJDUHVWDWH$QWRLQHWWHDIWHUKLVZLIH

XULQJWKHVDQGVGH0DURXVVHPDGGHG PRUH ODQG WR WKH VXJDU HVWDWH DQG VXJDUproduction increased to more than 1000 tons per HDU $ VPDOOHU HVWDWH D XFLD ZDV DQQH[HG DQGEHFDPHSDUWRI$QWRLQHWWH QKHEURXJKWPDOHLKDULQGLDQZRUNHUVWRFXWFDQHRQKLVHVWDWHThe ship the Iskender Shah arrived in Mauritius on 28th-XQHRIWKHVDPHHDUDQGWKHZRUNHUVZHUHVHQWWR 0DURXVVHPmiddotV HVWDWH WZR GDV ODWHU 6RPH RI WKHLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVZHUH5RMLDKDQGDOOPDKRPHG

In 1883 he sold the estate to Gustave Martin $QWRLQHWWHZDVFHQWUDOL]HGRQ0RQ6RQJH6XJDU(VWDWHE Q 0U 0DUWLQ EURXJKW DURXQG LKDULQGLDQLQGHQWXUHGZRUNHUVWRZRUNRQKLVVXJDUHVWDWH RQ HDU FRQWUDFWV 7KHLU VKLS WKHWardha DUULYHGDWWKHPPLJUDWLRQHSRWRQth$XJXVWDQGWKHZHUHVHQWWR$QWRLQHWWH6XJDU(VWDWHWZRGDV

Immigrant Luchmun arrived in Mauritius in 1830 He worked on Belle Alliance Sugar Estate as a cane cutter during the late 1830s and early 1840s (Source MGIIIA)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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HWZHHQ WKH V DQG V WKH VL]H RIWKH VXJDU HVWDWH JUHZ WRPRUH WKDQ DUSHQWV)XUWKHUPRUHZLWKPRGHUQPDFKLQHU WHFKQLTXHV RIVXJDU FDQH FXOWLYDWLRQ DQG YDULHWLHV RI VXJDU FDQHWKHUHZDVDUHFRUGVXJDUKDUYHVWLQZLWKWRQVRIVXJDUZKHQWKHDQQXDODYHUDJHZDVEHWZHHQDQGWRQVIRU$QWRLQHWWH

$QWRLQHWWH 6XJDU (VWDWH ZDV VWLOO RQH RI WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWVXJDUHVWDWHVLQ5LYLqUHGX5HPSDUWEWKHPLGthFHQWXUPSRUWDQWSHUVRQDOLWLHVVXFKDVRXLV1DXG0U$UEXWKQRW5DRXOGH0DURXVVHPDQGXVWDYH0DUWLQSODHGDNHUROHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVLPSRUWDQW0DXULWLDQVXJDUHVWDWHDQGLQGHQWXUHsite

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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UHFUXLWVIURPGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVFRQVXPLQJSRRUTXDOLWZDWHUWKHIXWXUHPLJUDQWVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDOOVRUWVRILQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHV VRPHRI WKHPXQNQRZQ WR WKHPDQGWRZKLFKWKHZHUHQRWLPPXQH

QWKHSUHYLRXVLVVXHVRIWKLVPDJD]LQHZHKDYHEULHIOSUHVHQWHG WR WKHJHQHUDO UHDGHUV WKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWmiddotV SROLF WRZDUGV LPSRUWHG LQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVHVDQGWKHVWULFWHQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHTXDUDQWLQHVVWHP QVSLWHRIULJRURXVPHDVXUHVVPDOOSR[DQGFKROHUDDSSHDUHGQRZDQGWKHQDW3RUWRXLVFDSLWDOand port and spread to the rural settlements

7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

28

7KHFRZSR[YDFFLQHKDGEHHQDGYRFDWHGEDQ(QJOLVKSKVLFLDQ (GZDUG -HQQHU VLQFH Wwas introduced in India in 1802 and since thousands RI LQKDELWDQWV RI ULWLVK QGLD KDG EHHQ YDFFLQDWHGIUHHO 3ULRU WR YDFFLQDWLRQ DQ DJHROG SUDFWLFHNQRZQ DV LQRFXODWLRQ RU YDULRODWLRQ DV D PHWKRGRILPPXQL]DWLRQZDVFDUULHGRXWLQQGLDampKLQDDQG$IULFD7KHSXVIURPWKHVPDOOSR[OHVLRQVRIDQLQIHFWHGSHUVRQZDVLQRFXODWHGLQWRDKHDOWKSHUVRQFDXVLQJRQO D PLOG LQIHFWLRQ 7KLV PHWKRG ZDV DSSDUHQWOLQWURGXFHGLQ$PHULFDE$IULFDQVODYHV2OGFXOWXUHVDOVR KDG WKHLU JRGVDQGJRGGHVVHV WR SURWHFW WKHPIURP VPDOOSR[ 7KH QGLDQV SUDHG WR 0DWD 6LWDODZKHQWKHVXIIHUHGIURPVPDOOSR[DQGPHDVOHV

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HM Lily FDUULQJ$IULFDQVDQFKRUHGDW3RUWRXLVDQGVPDOOSR[VSUHDGWRWKHWRZQ

DZV ZHUH SDVVHG LQ WKH FRORQ WR UHJXODWHvaccination The whole population Whites Indians DQG H[DSSUHQWLFHV DGXOWV DQG FKLOGUHQ KDG WR EHYDFFLQDWHG $V LW ZDV YROXQWDU DQG QR ILQHV ZHUHHQIRUFHGPDQHVSHFLDOOWKRVHZKROLYHGLQUHPRWHDUHDVHVFDSHGYDFFLQDWLRQDQGGLGQRWFDUHWREULQJtheir children to the centres Rumours also circulated WKDWYDFFLQHVFDXVHGRWKHUGLVHDVHVVXFKDVVSKLOLV+RZHYHULQJHQHUDOYDFFLQDWLRQZDVVXFFHVVIXODQGVPDOOSR[FDVHVEHFDPHUDUH6PDOOSR[HSLGHPLFVKLW0DXULWLXVRQOWZLFHLQWKHVHFRQGKDOIRIWKHQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUDQGGLGQRWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW2QWKHRWKHUhand cholera in the 1850s and 1860s caused more GHDWKV XW LW ZDVPDODULD ZKLFK EHFDPH HQGHPLFIRUWKHQH[WKXQGUHGHDUVDIWHUWKDWFDXVHGWKHKLJKHVW OHYHORIPRUELGLWDQG0DXULWLXVDVDZKROHEHFDPHparaDVLFNLVODQGmiddot7KHROGLPDJHRILWVEHLQJDSDUDGLVHLVODQGIUHHIURPGLVHDVHVZDQHG

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$GDSWHG IURP Health Disease and Indian Immigrants$7)DQG IURPXQSXEOLVKHG WH[Won epidemics

Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Gandjia Agwa WƵũĂ KawalChake ĞůŶĂ Dalpitha SawalChulha

DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

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Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Nardeacutegon et opparli sur les convois et dans les deacutepocircts

WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞƐĚƵďĂůůĞƚŝŶĚŝĞŶĞƚůĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞĐůĞƐĞŶŐĂŐĠƐĂƵyye siegravecle

Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

ŚĂƌŐĠĚĞĐŽƵƌƐăůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠĚĞgtĂZĠƵŶŝŽŶ

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Ainsi le convoi Le SiamTXLWWH3RQGLFKpUOHDRWDYHFjVRQERUGpPLJUDQWVHWPRXLOOHOHer VHSWHPEUHHQUDGHGH3RUWRXLVvOH0DXULFHO SDVVD GHX[ MRXUV VDQV TXH OmiddotLQWHQGDQFH VDQLWDLUHYRXOW VH UHQGUH j ERUG HW ILW URXWH DORUV SRXU D5pXQLRQSXLVUHVWDRQ]HMRXUVSRXUIDLUHGHOmiddotHDXOTXLWWD6DLQWHQLVOHVHSWHPEUHDXVRLUHWPRXLOODOHRFWREUHGHYDQW6DLQWH+pOqQHHQGLUHFWLRQGHOD0DUWLQLTXHHPpGHFLQHFOHUFSGpFULWGDQV VRQ UDSSRUWPpGLFDO OHV DFWLYLWpV GHV HQJDJpVindiens

Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

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A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

27

Indo-Mauritian and Indian Indentured Workers residing in Antoinette Estate Camp (Source MacAllister MacMillan Mauritius Macmillan Illustrated 1916)

later 6RPHRIWKHLPPLJUDQWVZHUHLVQDWK0RKDQDQG3HUVDG7KHZRUNHGDQGOLYHGIRUVHYHUDOHDUVRQWKHWKHVDPHVXJDUHVWDWH

The Expansion of Antoinette Sugar Estate

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Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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7KHFRORQLDOVWDWHKDGWRWDNHGUDVWLFPHDVXUHVWR VDYH OLYHVDQG WKHHFRQRP WKHQHHG IRU ODERXULQWKHJURZLQJVXJDULQGXVWUZDVSUHGRPLQDQW7KHKLJKPRUWDOLWUDWHRQERDUGLPPLJUDQWVKLSVDQGRQWKHVXJDUHVWDWHVLQWKHLVODQGZDVDODUPLQJFDXVLQJWKHQGLDQJRYHUQPHQWWRVXVSHQGHPLJUDWLRQLQLQ RUGHU WR HVWDEOLVK UHFUXLWPHQW SURFHGXUHV DQG WRHQJDJHparaKHDOWKDQGODERULRXVmiddotZRUNHUV7KH0DXULWLDQJRYHUQPHQW VWUHVVHG WKH QHHG IRU LPPLJUDQWV WR EHYDFFLQDWHG DJDLQVW VPDOOSR[ EHIRUH HPEDUNDWLRQMoreover Mauritian planters complained that recruits ZHUHJHQHUDOOIUDLODQGXQDEOHWRZRUNKHQFHFDXVLQJDORVVRIIXQGVLQYHVWHGLQLPSRUWDWLRQ1HZODZVZHUHSDVVHGLQQGLDLQDQGHPLJUDWLRQUHVXPHGEXWDJDLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVGLGQRWRFFXURYHUQLJKW

Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Char kos par banirdquo

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And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

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WĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞƐĚƵďĂůůĞƚŝŶĚŝĞŶĞƚůĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂǀĞĐůĞƐĞŶŐĂŐĠƐĂƵyye siegravecle

Dr Sully Santa Govindin

ŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌĂƐƐŽĐŝĠĂƵgtampgtgtdʹ

ŚĂƌŐĠĚĞĐŽƵƌƐăůhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠĚĞgtĂZĠƵŶŝŽŶ

2XWUHOHVUHJUHWVGH OD SHUWH GX GpIXQWet les lamentations RFFDVLRQQpHV DX FRXUVGHV YHLOOpHV IXQqEUHVplusieurs moments dans OmiddotHVSDFH GHV FURDQFHVindiennes sont propices jODUHPpPRUDWLRQGHVPWKHVHVUDSSRUWVGHVFKLUXUJLHQV QDYLJDQWV

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Ainsi le convoi Le SiamTXLWWH3RQGLFKpUOHDRWDYHFjVRQERUGpPLJUDQWVHWPRXLOOHOHer VHSWHPEUHHQUDGHGH3RUWRXLVvOH0DXULFHO SDVVD GHX[ MRXUV VDQV TXH OmiddotLQWHQGDQFH VDQLWDLUHYRXOW VH UHQGUH j ERUG HW ILW URXWH DORUV SRXU D5pXQLRQSXLVUHVWDRQ]HMRXUVSRXUIDLUHGHOmiddotHDXOTXLWWD6DLQWHQLVOHVHSWHPEUHDXVRLUHWPRXLOODOHRFWREUHGHYDQW6DLQWH+pOqQHHQGLUHFWLRQGHOD0DUWLQLTXHHPpGHFLQHFOHUFSGpFULWGDQV VRQ UDSSRUWPpGLFDO OHV DFWLYLWpV GHV HQJDJpVindiens

Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

+LVWRUDQG5HVHDUFK

32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

3URVSHU (YH HVWLPH TXmiddotHQWUH HW OmiddotvOH DFFXHLOOH LQGLHQV H SLF GmiddotLPPLJUDWLRQVH VLWXHUDLW YHUV GDWH j ODTXHOOH OH QRPEUHGmiddotHQWUpHVHVWpYDOXpj2

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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ampRULQJD RU ampDUDQJD ZDV D FRQVLGHUDEOHVHDSRUW WRZQ LQ WKH 1RUWKHUQ ampLUFDUV GLVWULFW RI5DMDPXQGU W ZDV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HPSRULXPRI WUDGH LQ WLPEHU VXSSOLHG IURP WKH LQWHULRU RI WKHIRUHVWHGFRXQWU$PRQJWKHH[SRUWVIURPWKHDZHUHFORWKWREDFFRJURXQGQXWVULFHDQGVXJDU$VWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHSRUWRIampRULQJDLQPDULWLPHWUDGH+HQU0RUULVZURWHldquoIt was the only place between Calcutta and Trincomalee where large vessels used to be dockedhellip gt+RZHYHUbecause of its location on a low site near the coast Coringa suffered very seriously in the hurricanes of 1784 and 1839rdquo 300000 people ORVWWKHLUOLYHVLQWKHVXUJH7KLVFDODPLWPDUNHGWKHIDOORIampRULQJDLQWHUPVRIYROXPHRIWUDGHLQWKHZRUOG DQG HPLJUDWLRQ WR 0DXULWLXV 7KLV OHG WR WKHULVHRIWKHDNLQDGDSRUWORFDWHGLQWKHampRULQJDD5HIHUULQJWRWKHIDOORIampRULQJDDQGWKHSKHQRPHQDOULVH RI RNLQDGD $GDSD 6DWDQDUDDQD ZULWHVldquoOf the all ports in the Bay Kakinada or Coconada soon rose to prominence both as a trading centre as well as an urban townrdquo$IWHU WKHFORVXUHRI WKHampRULQJDSRUWPLJUDQWVKDG WRPDNH WKHLUZD WR WKHSRUWRI0DGUDV WR HPEDUN IRU0DXULWLXV DQG RWKHU FRORQLDOdestinations

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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43

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7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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W ZDV LQGHHG YHU FRVWO IRU D 0DXULWLDQ WRDIIRUGWRSDIRUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQ(XURSH7KHIDWKHURI GULFHRRPDQZKRZDV LQ EXVLQHVV VWUXJJOHGKDUGWRVXVWDLQWKHORQJHGXFDWLRQDOSXUVXLWRIKLVVRQDEURDG

Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Indian Immigrants and SmallpoxRaj Boodhoo Researcher in Medical History

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Remaining structure of the Flat Island Quarantine Station (Source AGTF Collection)

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28

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Flat Island (Source Mauritius Wildlife Foundation)

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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31

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Mauritius and Fiji within the

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(Source AGTF Collection)

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Bhojpuri Presence in MauritiusDr Sarita Boodhoo

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ldquoKos kos par pani badlela

Char kos par banirdquo

ldquoWater changes its taste and quality at every mile

And language at every 4 milesrdquo

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31

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Gandjia Agwa WƵũĂ KawalChake ĞůŶĂ Dalpitha SawalChulha

DĞƩĞƵƌĐŚƵůŚĂͿ

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ZŽƟƌŽƟĐŚĂƵĚͿ Dal Kalimai ƟͿƉƵƌŝChowtari Odhni WŚƵůŝ ^ĂīƌŽŶŚĂůĚŝͿ

Dulha Sari Catora DulhinDulhin ĂũŝĂƐ Dekchi WŝĂŽKarai Dayine Massala Mamou

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Dr Sully Santa Govindin

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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32

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laquo une bonne comeacutedie en cinq actes en grande partie mimeacutes avec chœurs danses chants et dialogues Tous les genres srsquoy trouvaient raquo

(Q GpSLW GHV VFqQHV EXUOHVTXHV OmiddotDXWHXUSUpFLVHFHSHQGDQWTXmiddotDXGHUQLHUDFWHSlaquo nous sommes transporteacutes dans une pagode de lrsquoInde ougrave la diviniteacute sur un trocircne est assise et voileacutee Des chants religieux se font entendre On lui adresse

des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

$XFXQGHFHVDXWHXUVQHVLJQDOHOHUpSHUWRLUHGHV EDOOHWV LQGLHQV H FKLUXUJLHQ QDQDGLFpDPVRXOLJQHOHUHJLVWUHWUDJLFRPLTXHHW$XJXVWH9LQVRQpYRTXH OHXU IpFRQGLWp HW OHV TXDOLILH GH laquo litteacuterature du theacuteacirctre indien raquo TXL VHUYLUDLW j GHV pWXGHVcomparatives En prospectant la tradition orale nous DYRQV LQYHQWRULp GHX[ UpSHUWRLUHV XWLOLVpV SDU OHVGHVFHQGDQWV GmiddotHQJDJpV j OmiddotRFFDVLRQ GHV YHLOOpHV HWGHVFRUWqJHVIXQqEUHV

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

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A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

SXEOLF WKHPHPEHUVRI WKHRRPDQ IDPLOKDG WRJRWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQ3RUWRXLVWRLQTXLUHDERXWWKHKHDOWKRIWKHLUNLQGUHG2Q-XOZKLOH WKH ampKLHI 0HGLFDO 2IILFHU ZDV DSSULVLQJ WKHPHPEHUVRIWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQWKHSUHVHQFHRI $VVHQ RRPDQ WR WKH IDFW WKDW WKH KHDOWK RIU GULFH RRPDQ ZDV LPSURYLQJ D PDOH QXUVHUXVKHG LQWR WKH RIILFH WR DQQRXQFH WKH GHPLVH RIWKHGRFWRU7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQZHUH VKRFNHG DQG WKH EURWKHU RI GULFH RRPDQIHOOLQVWDQWOXQFRQVFLRXVRQWKHWDEOHEWKLVVXGGHQannouncement The Health Commission which met LQVSHFLDOVHVVLRQRQ-XOGHFLGHGWKDWUGULFHRRPDQEHJLYHQ WKHVDPHUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWWKHRQHJLYHQWRWKLVSUHGHFHVVRUU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUG DQG WKDW KLV ERG EH EXULHG ZLWK DOOKRQRXUVDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV

7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

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laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

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laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Convoi drsquoengageacutes indiens vers La Reacuteunion XIXe siegravecle (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de la Reacuteunion)

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Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

3URVSHU (YH HVWLPH TXmiddotHQWUH HW OmiddotvOH DFFXHLOOH LQGLHQV H SLF GmiddotLPPLJUDWLRQVH VLWXHUDLW YHUV GDWH j ODTXHOOH OH QRPEUHGmiddotHQWUpHVHVWpYDOXpj2

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middotLPPLJUDWLRQGHYUDLWVHORQOXLcopyDPHQHUOHVSHXSOHVHQFRUHGDQVOmiddotHQIDQFHDXVHLQGHVQDWLRQVFLYLOLVpHVordfGmiddotXQHPDQLqUHcopyOLEUHHWFRQVHQWLHordf

DQpFHVVLWpDEVROXHGHUHFUXWHUGDQVOmiddotQGHVXLWHjODdispersion des anciens esclaves

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middotRFFDVLRQ GH PRQWUHU j Omiddot$QJOHWHUUH TXH OHVLPPLJUDQWV pWDLHQW ELHQ WUDLWpV O UDSSHOOH OH IDLWVXLYDQW OHQDYLUHcopymiddotOHRXUERQordfDDQWGpEDUTXpen 1856 des coolies provisoirement on eut toutes les SHLQHVj OHVUpHPEDUTXHUSRXU ODXDGHORXSH OHXUGHVWLQDWLRQ ILQDOH(QHIIHW OH FRQYRLGmiddotLQGLHQVDYDLWSULVFRQWDFWDYHFOHVHQJDJpVGHRXUERQHWUHIXVDLWGHUHPRQWHUVXUOHEDWHDXFHTXLIXWIDLWSDUODIRUFH

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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IQ DQ LQFUHDVLQJO ERUGHUOHVV ZRUOG ZH DUHRIWHQ VWLOO FRQFHUQHG ZLWK DQDOVLQJ WKH KLVWRU RIindenture in particular places and how this institution DIIHFWHG WKH VRFLRSROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF DQG FXOWXUDOODQGVFDSHV RI WKH FRORQ XQGHU VWXG QGHQWXUHKRZHYHUZDVDVVWHP WKDWVWUHWFKHGDFURVVRFHDQVFRQQHFWLQJ QRW MXVW QGLDZLWK WKH VXJDU FRORQLHV RIWKHHPSLUHsup2EXWDOVRFRQQHFWLQJWKRVHFRORQLHVZLWKHDFK RWKHU 7KURXJK LQGHQWXUH OLQNV ZHUH FUHDWHGEHWZHHQFRORQLHVDWYDULRXVOHYHOVsup2IURPWKHHOLWHWRWKHVXEDOWHUQOHYHO0DXULWLXVGHYHORSHGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RWKHU VXJDU FRORQLHV LQ WKH ampDULEEHDQ GXULQJWKHPLGQLQHWHHQWKFHQWXUEXWLWZDVLQZKHQULWDLQ DQQH[HG WKH )LML VODQGV LQ WKH 6RXWK 3DFLILFWKDWDVWUHDPRILQGHQWXUHUHODWHGPRYHPHQWVEHJDQ

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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des hymnes des motets des concerts et des cantiques La scegravene est vraiment majestueuse Les precirctres indiens exercent deux meacutetiers dans leur sacerdoce ils reacutecitent des priegraveres et vendent des amuletteshellip raquo

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HV FKDQWVDX[PRUWV LQWqJUHQW HQSDUWLFXOLHUjD5pXQLRQWURLVUpSHUWRLUHVHQODQJXHWDPRXOHOHTirouvassagamOmiddotplusmnXYUHGXSRqWH0DQLNND9DVVDJDUsur laquo lrsquoAmour au Dieu Siva raquo OH Vaiumlkoundon Ammanaiuml RX OHV EDOODGHV FRQWDQW OH GpSDUW GHVSULQFHV YHUV copy H SDUDGLV GH 9LVKQRX ordf OXHV SDU OHVRIILFLDQWVjOmiddotRFFDVLRQGHVYHLOOpHVHWpFULWSDUOHSRqWH0DKDYLQWDPHQXPHWcopyle Supplique agrave Harichandran eablmhbk^]nkhb]regan

ampHGHUQLHUSHUVRQQDJHPWKLTXHDVVXUHOHUOHGH JDUGLHQ GH FLPHWLqUH VROOLFLWp DYDQW OmiddotLQKXPDWLRQGHV FDGDYUHV 8QH IRUPH WKpkWUDOLVpH HVW HQFRUHXWLOLVpH GH QRV MRXUV Harichandran Nardeacutegon HVFRUSXV GH FHV GHX[ GHUQLHUV UpFLWV VH IRQGHQW VXUOHV UpIpUHQFHV pSLTXHV OLpHV DXMahabharata et la FRQQDLVVDQFH GHV GLIIpUHQWV pSLVRGHV IDLVDLW SDUWLHGmiddotXQHFXOWXUHDQFHVWUDOHSDUWDJpHDXe siegravecle par la FRPPXQDXWpGHVHQJDJpVLQGLHQV

Danseur de nardeacutegon (Source Archives Deacutepartementales de La Reacuteunion)

1Archives de Meacutedecine navale agrave Vincennes (Paris) (AMN) Rapport sur le voyage du laquo Siam raquo de Pondicheacutery agrave la Martinique du 2 au 13 septembre 1859 en rade agrave La Reacuteunion signeacute le chirurgien de premiegravere classe deacuteleacutegueacute du gouvernement LECLERC dans la Revue Algeacuterienne et coloniale mars 1860 Immigration indienne laquo Emploi des journeacutees par les Indiens raquo p9-10 2 ANOM Reacuteunion C381 d 3296 Rapport sur le voyage du Suger de Pondicheacutery agrave La Reacuteunion du 27 juin au 29 juillet 1865 12 p signeacute Doressamy GNANADICEAM3Auguste VINSON laquo Un Spectacle au lazaret raquo eacuteacirctre indien Narleacutegon comeacutedie-ballet en cinq actes joueacutee par les engageacutes indiens agrave la Grande Chaloupe Article publieacute dans le Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute des Sciences et Arts de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion anneacutee 1882 Saint-Denis p 604 (Ibidem p 67)

33

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

HV WHUPHV copy LGROkWUHV ordf HW copy SDHQ ordfVHPEOHQW FRXUDQW GDQV OH OH[LTXH GHVPLVVLRQQDLUHVSRXU GpVLJQHU OHV KLQGRXV R SUDWLTXDQWV GX FXOWHPDKRPpWDQ 8VLWpV GXUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWHHW OHV SUHPLqUHV GpFHQQLHV VXFFpGDQW j OmiddotDEROLWLRQLOV WHQGHQWjGLVSDUDvWUHYHUVHSqUHDURFKHGHPDQGH j OmiddotpYrTXH 0RQVHLJQHXU 0RQWSRLQW ODSRVVLELOLWp GH FRQVWUXLUH XQH FKDSHOOH GpGLpH DX[LQGLHQVGpMjFDWKROLTXHVHDYULO OHSUpODWVXLW VHV SUpFRQLVDWLRQV HW DFKqWH SRXU IUDQFVXQ WHUUDLQ j $UWKXU 9HUJR] ULFKH SURSULpWDLUH YHXITXL VRXKDLWH UpFXSpUHU OH ELHQ GH VRQ pSRXVH SRXUVHVHQIDQWVHVSODQVVHURQWGUHVVpVSDU OmiddotLQJpQLHXUcolonial Scheiner

H MXLOOHW OH SqUH DURFKH pFULW DXYLFDLUHVXLWHjXQFRXUULHUGXPLQLVWUHGH ODPDULQHOXL IDLVDQW SDUW GH OD SRVVLELOLWp GH FRPPDQGHU GHVGLFWLRQQDLUHV HW GHV OLYUHV HQ WDPRXO DSSUpFLpV HWGHPDQGpV SDU OHV LQGLHQV DXVVL ELHQ FDWKROLTXHVTXmiddotKLQGRXV DLQVLTXHSDUlaquo les creacuteoles raquo Ce terme GpVLJQDLW OHV LQGLHQV QpV GDQV OD FRORQLH 1RXVGpFRXYURQVDLQVLTXH OHV LPPLJUDQWVpWDLHQWSUrWVjHQJDJHUOHXUSpFXOHSRXUSRVVpGHUFHVSUpFLHX[OLYUHVTXLOHXUUDSSHODLHQWOHXUSDVGmiddotRULJLQH

1 Rapport de la mission indienne ADRV seacuterie cultes

Eacuteglise St omas Saint Denis (Source Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone)

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DQV OH UDSSRUW GH OH SqUH DURFKHSDUOH GH copy WUDYDLOOHXUV LQGLHQV HW FKLQRLV ordfGRQWcopyFKUpWLHQVjSHXSUqVordf VRLWXQ UDSSRUWHQYLURQGHGmiddotHQJDJpVFDWKROLTXHV

DQVVRQRXYUDJHcopyD)UDQFHHWVHVFRORQLHVDXegravemeVLqFOHordf(UQHVWDODQGHFLWHXQQRPEUHGH48000 travailleurs indiens en 1858

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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1 Letter from Gordon to his wife Rachael 21st June 1874 Gordon AH (1894) Mauritius Records of public and private life 1871- 1874 R amp R Clark Edinburgh2 CSO 761221 National Archives of Fiji3 RA 2610 National Archives of Mauritius4 PE Series MGI Arrivals Registers National Archives of Fiji

Beacons of Hope in Belize Sylvia Gilharry Perez

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

34

Oeuvre missionnaire et engagisme indien agrave lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion

Ceacuteline Ramsamy-Giancone Doctorante Sciences Humaines Universiteacute de la Reacuteunion

Introduction XUDQW OD SpULRGH HVFODYDJLVWH j OmiddotOH GH OD5pXQLRQ Omiddot(JOLVHampDWKROLTXHELHQTXHUHOLJLRQGmiddot(WDWIDLW IDFHjGHVGLIILFXOWpVSRXU LQVWUXLUH OHV HVFODYHVQRWDPPHQWHQUDLVRQGHOmiddotDPSOHXUGHODWkFKHTXLOHXULQFRPEHHWGHODVXVSLFLRQGHFHUWDLQVSURSULpWDLUHVjOHXUpJDUGmiddotDUULYpHGmiddotXQJUDQGQRPEUHGmiddotLPPLJUpVLQGLHQV UHQG OHXU WkFKH SOXV FRPSOLTXpH (Q HIIHWOmiddotHIIHFWLI GHV UHOLJLHX[ HVW UpGXLW HW OHV LQGLHQV VRQWGLVSHUVpV GDQV OHV KDELWDWLRQV D EDUULqUH GH ODODQJXHHVWXQHUpHOOHGLIILFXOWpSRXUHX[DXVVLOmiddot(JOLVHGpFLGHGHIDLUHYHQLUXQSUHPLHUPLVVLRQQDLUHMpVXLWHGHOmiddotQGHHQOHSqUHDUUPDLVFHOXLFLPHXUWpeu apregraves

EOtildenok^]nimacrk^EZkha^ $X FRXUV GH OD PrPH DQQpH XQ DXWUHPLVVLRQQDLUH MpVXLWH OH SqUH DURFKH DUULYH DSUqVDYRLUSDVVpGL[DQVj0DGXUDLOSDUOHSDUIDLWHPHQWOH WDPRXO HW VmiddotHVW SURIRQGpPHQW LPSUpJQp GHVcoutumes et mœurs des indiens Il vient de la mission GH0DGXUp(QWUHOHSqUHDURFKHSUHQGHQFKDUJHODPLVVLRQLQGLHQQHDSSHOpHcopyPLVVLRQ6WThomas des Indiens raquo Dans un rapport en 1858 LO VHSODLQWGXPDQTXHGH WHPSVj FRQVDFUHUj FHVGHUQLHUV O LQIRUPH TXmiddotLO GRLW GmiddotDERUG VmiddotRFFXSHU HQSULRULWpGHVHQJDJpVGpMjFKUpWLHQVHWFRQVDFUH WUqVSHXGHWHPSVDX[QRQWDPRXOVOGpSORUHTXHFHX[FLQHFRQQDLVVHQWTXHOHVPRWVOLpVDXWUDYDLOHWjODYLHTXRWLGLHQQHHWVDYHQWjSHLQHUpFLWHUOHcopyQRWUHSqUHordfHQIUDQoDLV

laquo Ces pauvres gens ne savent pas le franccedilais il faut absolument des missionnaires qui savent lrsquoindien raquo

DQV FH PrPH UDSSRUW DGUHVVp j OmiddotpYrTXHLOH[SOLTXHTXmiddotLOHVW UpGXLWj UHQFRQWUHU OHV LQGLHQVjOD QXLW WRPEpH FDU OHV HQJDJLVWHV UHIXVHQW GH OHXUODLVVHUGXWHPSVOLEUHXLPrPHKpVLWHjSUHQGUHVXUOHWHPSVGHUHSRVGHVHQJDJpVFDUFHX[FLRQWDXVVLEHVRLQGHVHUHSRVHUlaquo

laquo Que peut faire un missionnaire pour 70 000 idolacirctres Encore si les indiens chreacutetiens eacutetaient reacuteunis (hellip) mais ils sont disseacutemineacutes sur toute la surface du

pays dans les sucreries et le missionnaire indien est obligeacute de rester agrave la nuit tombeacutee tantocirct dans un lieu tantocirct dans un autre pour les instruire raquo1

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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41

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Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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BIBLIOGRAPHIE

EVE Prosper laquo Ile de la Reacuteunion socieacuteteacute et Religion raquo Oceacutean Edition

EVE Prosper laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo Oceacutean Edition

MAILLARD Louis laquo notes historiques sur lrsquoicircle de la Reacuteunion raquo 1862

DELISLE Philippe article laquo Un eacutechec relatif La mission des engageacutes indiens aux Antilles et agrave la Reacuteunion raquo (seconde moitieacute du XIXe siegravecle)

LALANNE Ernest laquo La France amp ses colonies au XIXe siegravecle raquo Ed A Picard et Kaan (Paris) 1890

VINSON Auguste laquo De lrsquoimmigration indienne raquo Ed Typographie de Gabrielle Lauppe imprimeur du gouverneur 1860

Journal de lrsquoIle de la Reacuteunion (Dimanche magazine Patrimoine et traditions) 8 feacutevrier 2004Archives Diocegraveses Reacuteunion Seacuterie 5A2

2 Prosper Eve laquo La laiumlciteacute en terre reacuteunionnaise raquo

Indienne de la Reacuteunion(Source Extrait de la France et ses colonies)

35

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

Reshaad Durgahee Phd student

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Map showing the location of

Mauritius and Fiji within the

QGLDQDQG3DFLiquestF2FHDQV

(Source AGTF Collection)

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37

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

SXEOLF WKHPHPEHUVRI WKHRRPDQ IDPLOKDG WRJRWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQ3RUWRXLVWRLQTXLUHDERXWWKHKHDOWKRIWKHLUNLQGUHG2Q-XOZKLOH WKH ampKLHI 0HGLFDO 2IILFHU ZDV DSSULVLQJ WKHPHPEHUVRIWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQWKHSUHVHQFHRI $VVHQ RRPDQ WR WKH IDFW WKDW WKH KHDOWK RIU GULFH RRPDQ ZDV LPSURYLQJ D PDOH QXUVHUXVKHG LQWR WKH RIILFH WR DQQRXQFH WKH GHPLVH RIWKHGRFWRU7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQZHUH VKRFNHG DQG WKH EURWKHU RI GULFH RRPDQIHOOLQVWDQWOXQFRQVFLRXVRQWKHWDEOHEWKLVVXGGHQannouncement The Health Commission which met LQVSHFLDOVHVVLRQRQ-XOGHFLGHGWKDWUGULFHRRPDQEHJLYHQ WKHVDPHUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWWKHRQHJLYHQWRWKLVSUHGHFHVVRUU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUG DQG WKDW KLV ERG EH EXULHG ZLWK DOOKRQRXUVDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV

7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

SHRSOH WKHUHIRUHPHDQ WKDW VLQFHLVVRRQGRDOmiddotVVHUPRQV ZHUH VR VRFLDOO FRQVHTXHQWLDO WKH JDYHULVHWRLPSRUWDQWLVVXHVRISRZHU)RXUDVSHFWVRIKLVVHUPRQVFKDOOHQJHGWKHFRORQLDODXWKRULWLHVQDPHOWKHODQJXDJHPHGLXPLQZKLFKWKHZHUHGHOLYHUHGWKHGUHVVFRGH WKHIODJKRLVWLQJFHUHPRQDQGWKHVRQJVampORWKHGLQGKRWLDXQLYHUVLWJUDGXDWHWKDWKHZDV LVVRRQGRDO DGGUHVVHG WKRXVDQGV RI +LQGXVLQ+LQGL+HPDGHWKHEHJLQQLQJDVIROORZVpara+LQGXKDUPDL -DLmiddot RQJLYH+LQGXLVP$IWHUDVKRUWLQWURGXFWLRQ KH UHTXHVWHG VRPH ORFDO LQIOXHQWLDOSHUVRQVWRMRLQLQWKHXQIXUOLQJRIWKH+LQGXIODJWRWKHWXQHRIDVRQJWKHEHJLQQLQJRIZKLFKUHDGVDVIROORZV

Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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Gandhi Institute

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

36

Indentured connectionsMauritius Fiji and the unifying cord of indenture

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ampRULQJD RU ampDUDQJD ZDV D FRQVLGHUDEOHVHDSRUW WRZQ LQ WKH 1RUWKHUQ ampLUFDUV GLVWULFW RI5DMDPXQGU W ZDV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HPSRULXPRI WUDGH LQ WLPEHU VXSSOLHG IURP WKH LQWHULRU RI WKHIRUHVWHGFRXQWU$PRQJWKHH[SRUWVIURPWKHDZHUHFORWKWREDFFRJURXQGQXWVULFHDQGVXJDU$VWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHSRUWRIampRULQJDLQPDULWLPHWUDGH+HQU0RUULVZURWHldquoIt was the only place between Calcutta and Trincomalee where large vessels used to be dockedhellip gt+RZHYHUbecause of its location on a low site near the coast Coringa suffered very seriously in the hurricanes of 1784 and 1839rdquo 300000 people ORVWWKHLUOLYHVLQWKHVXUJH7KLVFDODPLWPDUNHGWKHIDOORIampRULQJDLQWHUPVRIYROXPHRIWUDGHLQWKHZRUOG DQG HPLJUDWLRQ WR 0DXULWLXV 7KLV OHG WR WKHULVHRIWKHDNLQDGDSRUWORFDWHGLQWKHampRULQJDD5HIHUULQJWRWKHIDOORIampRULQJDDQGWKHSKHQRPHQDOULVH RI RNLQDGD $GDSD 6DWDQDUDDQD ZULWHVldquoOf the all ports in the Bay Kakinada or Coconada soon rose to prominence both as a trading centre as well as an urban townrdquo$IWHU WKHFORVXUHRI WKHampRULQJDSRUWPLJUDQWVKDG WRPDNH WKHLUZD WR WKHSRUWRI0DGUDV WR HPEDUN IRU0DXULWLXV DQG RWKHU FRORQLDOdestinations

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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43

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7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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W ZDV LQGHHG YHU FRVWO IRU D 0DXULWLDQ WRDIIRUGWRSDIRUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQ(XURSH7KHIDWKHURI GULFHRRPDQZKRZDV LQ EXVLQHVV VWUXJJOHGKDUGWRVXVWDLQWKHORQJHGXFDWLRQDOSXUVXLWRIKLVVRQDEURDG

Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

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9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

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9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

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ampRULQJD RU ampDUDQJD ZDV D FRQVLGHUDEOHVHDSRUW WRZQ LQ WKH 1RUWKHUQ ampLUFDUV GLVWULFW RI5DMDPXQGU W ZDV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HPSRULXPRI WUDGH LQ WLPEHU VXSSOLHG IURP WKH LQWHULRU RI WKHIRUHVWHGFRXQWU$PRQJWKHH[SRUWVIURPWKHDZHUHFORWKWREDFFRJURXQGQXWVULFHDQGVXJDU$VWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHSRUWRIampRULQJDLQPDULWLPHWUDGH+HQU0RUULVZURWHldquoIt was the only place between Calcutta and Trincomalee where large vessels used to be dockedhellip gt+RZHYHUbecause of its location on a low site near the coast Coringa suffered very seriously in the hurricanes of 1784 and 1839rdquo 300000 people ORVWWKHLUOLYHVLQWKHVXUJH7KLVFDODPLWPDUNHGWKHIDOORIampRULQJDLQWHUPVRIYROXPHRIWUDGHLQWKHZRUOG DQG HPLJUDWLRQ WR 0DXULWLXV 7KLV OHG WR WKHULVHRIWKHDNLQDGDSRUWORFDWHGLQWKHampRULQJDD5HIHUULQJWRWKHIDOORIampRULQJDDQGWKHSKHQRPHQDOULVH RI RNLQDGD $GDSD 6DWDQDUDDQD ZULWHVldquoOf the all ports in the Bay Kakinada or Coconada soon rose to prominence both as a trading centre as well as an urban townrdquo$IWHU WKHFORVXUHRI WKHampRULQJDSRUWPLJUDQWVKDG WRPDNH WKHLUZD WR WKHSRUWRI0DGUDV WR HPEDUN IRU0DXULWLXV DQG RWKHU FRORQLDOdestinations

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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43

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7KHDWURFLWLHVDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQRILQGHQWXUHGSHULRGUHPLQGVXVWRVDIHJXDUGRXUORZSDLGPLJUDQWZRUNHUVZKRDUHEDGOWUHDWHGDQGXQGHUSDLGLQWKHVHGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV WFRQYLQFHVXV WKDWKLVWRUFDQVHSDUDWHFKLOGUHQRIQGLDIURPPRWKHUFRXQWUXQGHUWULQJWLPHVWKURXJKKDUGSURFHVVHVOLNHLQGHQWXUHVKLSEXWLWFDQQRWWDNHQGLDQQHVVRXWRIWKHP

e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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W ZDV LQGHHG YHU FRVWO IRU D 0DXULWLDQ WRDIIRUGWRSDIRUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQ(XURSH7KHIDWKHURI GULFHRRPDQZKRZDV LQ EXVLQHVV VWUXJJOHGKDUGWRVXVWDLQWKHORQJHGXFDWLRQDOSXUVXLWRIKLVVRQDEURDG

Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

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9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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41

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

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Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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Gandhi Institute

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Coringa Pioneering Role in the Emigration of Coranghis

Dr Indrani Gopauloo

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1 e Imperial Gazetteers of India located at the Indian Immi-gration Archives Mahatma Gandhi Institute Moka Mauritius

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e main regions and districts of recruitment for Telugu indentured labourers in southern India during the 19th century (Source Author)

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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From the Ports of Coringa Bay to Port Louis

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ampRULQJD RU ampDUDQJD ZDV D FRQVLGHUDEOHVHDSRUW WRZQ LQ WKH 1RUWKHUQ ampLUFDUV GLVWULFW RI5DMDPXQGU W ZDV DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO HPSRULXPRI WUDGH LQ WLPEHU VXSSOLHG IURP WKH LQWHULRU RI WKHIRUHVWHGFRXQWU$PRQJWKHH[SRUWVIURPWKHDZHUHFORWKWREDFFRJURXQGQXWVULFHDQGVXJDU$VWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHSRUWRIampRULQJDLQPDULWLPHWUDGH+HQU0RUULVZURWHldquoIt was the only place between Calcutta and Trincomalee where large vessels used to be dockedhellip gt+RZHYHUbecause of its location on a low site near the coast Coringa suffered very seriously in the hurricanes of 1784 and 1839rdquo 300000 people ORVWWKHLUOLYHVLQWKHVXUJH7KLVFDODPLWPDUNHGWKHIDOORIampRULQJDLQWHUPVRIYROXPHRIWUDGHLQWKHZRUOG DQG HPLJUDWLRQ WR 0DXULWLXV 7KLV OHG WR WKHULVHRIWKHDNLQDGDSRUWORFDWHGLQWKHampRULQJDD5HIHUULQJWRWKHIDOORIampRULQJDDQGWKHSKHQRPHQDOULVH RI RNLQDGD $GDSD 6DWDQDUDDQD ZULWHVldquoOf the all ports in the Bay Kakinada or Coconada soon rose to prominence both as a trading centre as well as an urban townrdquo$IWHU WKHFORVXUHRI WKHampRULQJDSRUWPLJUDQWVKDG WRPDNH WKHLUZD WR WKHSRUWRI0DGUDV WR HPEDUN IRU0DXULWLXV DQG RWKHU FRORQLDOdestinations

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41

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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7KH VNLOOHG ODERXU PLJUDWLRQ IDFLOLWDWLRQ EJRYHUQPHQWDQGERGVKRSSLQJRI ORZSDLGQGLDQZRUNHUV WRGD DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG UHPLQGV RQH RIH[SORLWHGLQGHQWXUHGODERXUVVWHPZKLFKKDGVLPLODUOVRXJKWDIWHUVNLOOHGZRUNHUVXULQJLQGHQWXUHSHULRGDQG HYHQ QRZ WKH ORZ SDLG GLVFULPLQDWHG VNLOOHGZRUNHUV DUH VRXJKW DIWHU UHVRXUFHV WR GHYHORS WKHHFRQRPRI WKHKRVW WHUULWRULHV7KHZHUHLOO WUHDWHGHDUOLHUDQGGLVFULPLQDWHGHYHQQRZXW LQDOO FDVHVWKHQ DQG QRZ WKH SURYHG WR EH WKH EDFNERQH RIHFRQRPDQGIRUPHGWKHFRUHRIWKHVNLOOHGUHVRXUFHSRRO RI HFRQRP WKURXJK D SURFHVV RI EUDLQ GUDLQIURPQGLD

e arrival of Javanese indentured workers in Paramaribo Suriname in the 1920s (Source National Archives of Suriname)

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43

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The indentured Indian diaspora constitutes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spread around the world

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

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University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

42

Indentured Labour from India K^Uuml^mbhgkhfMp^gmrbklmlt^gmnkr

Prof Ajay Dubey Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi amp President Organisation for Diaspora Initiatives (ODI International)

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

44

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Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

SXEOLF WKHPHPEHUVRI WKHRRPDQ IDPLOKDG WRJRWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQ3RUWRXLVWRLQTXLUHDERXWWKHKHDOWKRIWKHLUNLQGUHG2Q-XOZKLOH WKH ampKLHI 0HGLFDO 2IILFHU ZDV DSSULVLQJ WKHPHPEHUVRIWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQWKHSUHVHQFHRI $VVHQ RRPDQ WR WKH IDFW WKDW WKH KHDOWK RIU GULFH RRPDQ ZDV LPSURYLQJ D PDOH QXUVHUXVKHG LQWR WKH RIILFH WR DQQRXQFH WKH GHPLVH RIWKHGRFWRU7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQZHUH VKRFNHG DQG WKH EURWKHU RI GULFH RRPDQIHOOLQVWDQWOXQFRQVFLRXVRQWKHWDEOHEWKLVVXGGHQannouncement The Health Commission which met LQVSHFLDOVHVVLRQRQ-XOGHFLGHGWKDWUGULFHRRPDQEHJLYHQ WKHVDPHUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWWKHRQHJLYHQWRWKLVSUHGHFHVVRUU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUG DQG WKDW KLV ERG EH EXULHG ZLWK DOOKRQRXUVDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV

7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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ampDQQRQLHUV

Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

SHRSOH WKHUHIRUHPHDQ WKDW VLQFHLVVRRQGRDOmiddotVVHUPRQV ZHUH VR VRFLDOO FRQVHTXHQWLDO WKH JDYHULVHWRLPSRUWDQWLVVXHVRISRZHU)RXUDVSHFWVRIKLVVHUPRQVFKDOOHQJHGWKHFRORQLDODXWKRULWLHVQDPHOWKHODQJXDJHPHGLXPLQZKLFKWKHZHUHGHOLYHUHGWKHGUHVVFRGH WKHIODJKRLVWLQJFHUHPRQDQGWKHVRQJVampORWKHGLQGKRWLDXQLYHUVLWJUDGXDWHWKDWKHZDV LVVRRQGRDO DGGUHVVHG WKRXVDQGV RI +LQGXVLQ+LQGL+HPDGHWKHEHJLQQLQJDVIROORZVpara+LQGXKDUPDL -DLmiddot RQJLYH+LQGXLVP$IWHUDVKRUWLQWURGXFWLRQ KH UHTXHVWHG VRPH ORFDO LQIOXHQWLDOSHUVRQVWRMRLQLQWKHXQIXUOLQJRIWKH+LQGXIODJWRWKHWXQHRIDVRQJWKHEHJLQQLQJRIZKLFKUHDGVDVIROORZV

Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

43

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e arrival of indentured labourers in Natal in late 19th century (Source Kwazulu Natal Archives South Africa)

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

44

A Reection on the Heritage and Historical Value of AGWHS Insider Outsider View

Dr George Okello AbunguAssociate Professor Heritage Studies

University of Mauritius

The $DSUDYDVL KDW RUOG +HULWDJH 6LWH$+6LVRQHRILWVNLQGLQWKHZRUOGLNH5REEHQVODQG LQ6RXWK$IULFD LW LV OLVWHGXQGHU FULWHULDRIWKH WHQFULWHULDXQGHUZKLFKZRUOGKHULWDJHVLWHVFDQEH OLVWHGE81(6amp2ampULWHULDRI WKHRUOG+HULWDJH ampRQYHQWLRQ RU WKH ampRQYHQWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJWKH 6DIHJXDUG RI WKH RUOGmiddotV ampXOWXUDO DQG 1DWXUDO+HULWDJHLVPXFKPRUHDFRQVLGHUDWLRQRILQWDQJLEOHTXDOLWLHV UDWKHU WKDQ WKH WDQJLEOH W FDSWXUHV WKHPHPRU DQG PHPRULDOL]DWLRQ RI JUHDW HYHQWVKDSSHQLQJV RFFXUUHQFHV LQ KXPDQ KLVWRU DQGPHPRU)RU$+6LWZDVWKHKXPDQH[SHULHQFHRIRQHRIWKHODUJHVWPLJUDWLRQVIRUODERXUSXUSRVHVZLWKLWVDWWHQGDQWVDFULILFHVVXIIHULQJHQGXUDQFHDQGILQDOtriumph over all the adversities

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

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Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

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ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

45

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Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

Q0HPRURI

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SXEOLF WKHPHPEHUVRI WKHRRPDQ IDPLOKDG WRJRWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQ3RUWRXLVWRLQTXLUHDERXWWKHKHDOWKRIWKHLUNLQGUHG2Q-XOZKLOH WKH ampKLHI 0HGLFDO 2IILFHU ZDV DSSULVLQJ WKHPHPEHUVRIWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQLQWKHSUHVHQFHRI $VVHQ RRPDQ WR WKH IDFW WKDW WKH KHDOWK RIU GULFH RRPDQ ZDV LPSURYLQJ D PDOH QXUVHUXVKHG LQWR WKH RIILFH WR DQQRXQFH WKH GHPLVH RIWKHGRFWRU7KHPHPEHUVRI WKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQZHUH VKRFNHG DQG WKH EURWKHU RI GULFH RRPDQIHOOLQVWDQWOXQFRQVFLRXVRQWKHWDEOHEWKLVVXGGHQannouncement The Health Commission which met LQVSHFLDOVHVVLRQRQ-XOGHFLGHGWKDWUGULFHRRPDQEHJLYHQ WKHVDPHUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWWKHRQHJLYHQWRWKLVSUHGHFHVVRUU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUG DQG WKDW KLV ERG EH EXULHG ZLWK DOOKRQRXUVDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV

7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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ampDQQRQLHUV

Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

DVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZDVERUQRQth April LQWKHYLOODJHRI7DFN5LYLqUHGHV$QJXLOOHV+HUHWXUQHGWR0DXULWLXVLQDIWHUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQDKRUHDQGampDOFXWWD+HZRUNHGIRUWKHFXOWXUDOXQLWRI+LQGXV VPEROLVHGE WKH0DKDltDM SHUIRUPHGon 12thHFHPEHUMRLQWOE$UD6DEKDDQG6DQDWDQLVWSULHVWVXQGHUWKHKHDGVKLSRI6ZDPL+DUL+DU$LDURI WKH6RFNDOLQJXP0HHQDWFKHH$PPHQ7HPSOH LVVRRQGRDO DQPDQGKXE VWDWH WKDW paraLW ZDV QR VXUSULVH WKDW WKH FXOWXUDOPRELOLVDWLRQ OHG DOVR WR SROLWLFDO PRELOLVDWLRQmiddot7KH SXEOLF OLIH RI DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO SHUVRQLILHGparaDQGKLDQ PLVVLRQDUmiddot 3HHUWKXP 3HHUWKXP DQG KH KDG paraD ILUH ZLWKLQmiddot LVVRRQGRDO 5HIOHFWLQJ RQ KLV VHUPRQV LQ KLV 6HOHFWHGRUNVDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOZURWHparaGLGQRW NQRZ WKDW ZDVDVNLQJ IRU WURXEOH VRRQJRWLQWRVFUDSHVWZDVUHDOOIRROLVKWRUHIXVHKLJKSRVWVDQG VHUYH RQHmiddotV FRXQWUPHQ WR WKH EHVW RI RQHmiddotVDELOLWmiddot8QQXWKVWDWHVparaKHQKLVILUVWVHUPRQZDVGHOLYHUHGDWampDVVLV3RUWRXLVKDUGOSHRSOHDWWHQGHG XW JUDGXDOO 3DQGLW LVVRRQGRDOmiddotVH[WUDRUGLQDU UKHWRULF DV ZHOO DV KLV DPD]LQJOFOHDULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVEHJDQWRGUDZFURZGV(YHQWXDOOKHZDVDGGUHVVLQJSDFNHGDXGLHQFHV DOO RYHU 0DXULWLXVmiddot S +LV VHUPRQVZHUHLQGHILDQFHRIWKHVRFLDODQGSROLWLFDORUGHU

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LVVRRQGRDOmiddotV VHUPRQV FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGDV D IRUP RI GLVFRXUVH LQ WKH VHQVH RI VRFLDOSUDFWLFH )RU )DLUFORXJK ZKHQZH GHVFULEHGLVFRXUVHVDVVRFLDOSUDFWLFHLWPHDQVWKHFDQKDYHPDMRU LGHRORJLFDO HIIHFWV sup2 WKDW LV WKH FDQ KHOSSURGXFH DQG UHSURGXFH XQHTXDO SRZHU UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ VRFLDO FODVVHV ZRPHQ DQG PHQ DQGHWKQLFFXOWXUDO PDMRULWLHV DQG PLQRULWLHV WKURXJKWKHZDVLQZKLFKWKHUHSUHVHQWWKLQJVDQGSRVLWLRQ

SHRSOH WKHUHIRUHPHDQ WKDW VLQFHLVVRRQGRDOmiddotVVHUPRQV ZHUH VR VRFLDOO FRQVHTXHQWLDO WKH JDYHULVHWRLPSRUWDQWLVVXHVRISRZHU)RXUDVSHFWVRIKLVVHUPRQVFKDOOHQJHGWKHFRORQLDODXWKRULWLHVQDPHOWKHODQJXDJHPHGLXPLQZKLFKWKHZHUHGHOLYHUHGWKHGUHVVFRGH WKHIODJKRLVWLQJFHUHPRQDQGWKHVRQJVampORWKHGLQGKRWLDXQLYHUVLWJUDGXDWHWKDWKHZDV LVVRRQGRDO DGGUHVVHG WKRXVDQGV RI +LQGXVLQ+LQGL+HPDGHWKHEHJLQQLQJDVIROORZVpara+LQGXKDUPDL -DLmiddot RQJLYH+LQGXLVP$IWHUDVKRUWLQWURGXFWLRQ KH UHTXHVWHG VRPH ORFDO LQIOXHQWLDOSHUVRQVWRMRLQLQWKHXQIXUOLQJRIWKH+LQGXIODJWRWKHWXQHRIDVRQJWKHEHJLQQLQJRIZKLFKUHDGVDVIROORZV

Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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Gandhi Institute

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

46

In the 1880s when the island was in dearth RI SURIHVVLRQDOV LW ZDV D JUHDW DFKLHYHPHQW IRUVRPHRQH WR EH TXDOLILHG DV D PHGLFDO SUDFWLWLRQHUXW LWZDV LQGHHGDELJH[SORLW IRU VRPHRQH IURPDPRGHVWEDFNJURXQGSDUWLFXODUOIRUDGHVFHQGDQWRIQGLDQ LPPLJUDQW WRKDYHXQGHUWDNHQ WKH ORQJDQGSHULORXVWUDYHOEVKLSWR(XURSHDQGJHWHQUROOHGLQDSUHVWLJLRXVXQLYHUVLWGHVSLWHDOOWSHVRIUHVWULFWLRQVLPSRVHGEWKHFRORQLDODXWKRULWLHVRQWKHSHRSOHRIQGLDQDQGampUHROHRULJLQV

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W ZDV LQGHHG YHU FRVWO IRU D 0DXULWLDQ WRDIIRUGWRSDIRUKLJKHUVWXGLHVLQ(XURSH7KHIDWKHURI GULFHRRPDQZKRZDV LQ EXVLQHVV VWUXJJOHGKDUGWRVXVWDLQWKHORQJHGXFDWLRQDOSXUVXLWRIKLVVRQDEURDG

Dr Idrice Goomany Sacricing his life for the welfare of the Indentured Labourers

Assad Bhuglahassadbhuglahhotmailcom

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47

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7KLV ZDV IXUWKHU FRPSRXQGHG E WKH IDFWWKDW WKH TXDUDQWLQH VWDWLRQ ZDV ZLWKRXW DQ GRFWRUIROORZLQJWKHGHPLVHRIU+RUDFHD]DUHHDXJHDUGHVSLWHWKHUHSHDWHGFDOOVEWKHFRORQLDOJRYHUQPHQWQRGRFWRUZDQWHGWRULVNKLV OLIHEFRPLQJ LQGLUHFWFRQWDFW ZLWK WKH SDWLHQWV 7KLV ZDV HYLGHQFHG E DFDVHUHSRUWHGWRWKH+HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQUHJDUGLQJU9LQVRQZKRFDWHJRULFDOOUHIXVHGWRWUHDWKLVSDWLHQWV

QWKHPLG0DRIUGULFHRRPDQYROXQWHHUHGWRWDNHFKDUJHRIWKH4XDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQDW3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUV+HJDYHKLVKHDUWDQGVRXOLQSHUIRUPLQJKLVGXWQDPDWWHURIIHZZHHNVKHZDVVXFFHVVIXOLQFXULQJPDQSDWLHQWVPLG-XO ZKLOH WKH HSLGHP KDG DOPRVW GLVDSSHDUHGthe Health Commission was alerted that Dr Idrice RRPDQ KDG FRQWUDFWHG WKH YLUXV 7KH +HDOWKampRPPLVVLRQPDGHDGDLO IROORZXSRQ WKHVWDWHRIKHDOWKRIURRPDQ$VWKHTXDUDQWLQHVWDWLRQRI3RLQWHDX[ampDQQRQLHUVZDVDSURKLELWHGDUHD WR WKH

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

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XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

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Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

47

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7KH GHDWK RI U GULFHRRPDQ JHQHUDWHGZLGHVSUHDGVPSDWKDPRQJWKHSXEOLF2Q-XO WKH QHZVSDSHU acuteH LHQ 3XEOLFmicro SXEOLVKHG DOHQJWKWULEXWHWRKLPRQWKHIURQWSDJH6RPHH[WUDFWVIURPWKLVDUWLFOHJLYHDUHDOVHQVHRIWKHVLWXDWLRQ

laquoUn meacutedecin qui tombe dans ces conditions laisse une meacutemoire aussi honoreacutee que le soldat qui perit au premier rang de la bataille Dans lrsquoun comme dans lrsquoautre cas crsquoest un patriote qui meurt en service de son pays hellip Nous nrsquoavons pas besoin de dire combien le public sympathise avec la famille du deacutefunt et deacuteplore une mort si preacutematureacutee La Commission de la Santeacute drsquoabord puis son excellence le gouverneur et Le Conseil Leacutegislatif lrsquoon dit drsquoune maniegravere plus complegravete que personne ne saurait le faire Le Dr Goomany avait fait le sacrifice de sa vie en se chargeant drsquoun service de salut public au lazaret de Pointe aux Canonniers Drsquoautres meacutedecins avaient refuseacute ou ne srsquoeacutetaient pas empresseacutes de prendre un poste si dangereuxraquo

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Medical tools of Dr Goomany(Source Author)

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

+LV VHUPRQV ZHUH FOHDUO VRZLQJ WKH VHHGVRIQDWLRQDOLVPDQGXOWLPDWHOLQGHSHQGHQFH+HZDVDUUHVWHGLQDIWHUWKHSURFODPDWLRQRID1RWLFHPDNLQJXQODZIXODOOSXEOLFJDWKHULQJVKHOGZLWKRXWSULRUDXWKRULVDWLRQE WKHSROLFH Q IDFW KLV DUUHVWFDPH DIWHU VHYHUDO H[FKDQJHV RI FRUUHVSRQGHQFHVZLWKWKHDXWKRULWLHVQDOHWWHUGDWHG-XQHWRWKHULWLVKDXWKRULWLHVKHZURWH

EHJWREULQJWRRXUNQRZOHGJHWKDWDPD+LQGXPLVVLRQDUKDYHEHHQGHOLYHULQJOHFWXUHVRQ+LQGX5HOLJLRQIRUWKHODVWVL[PRQWKVRUVRPDGHLWDSRLQW WRVHHNWKHSHUPLVVLRQRI WKHSROLFHHYHQZKHQLWZDVQRWQHFHVVDUEHFDXVHZDQWHGWRPDNHLWFOHDUWKDWDPDPDQRIUHOLJLRQDQGDVVXFKZRXOGEHODVWWRGLVWXUESXEOLFSHDFHDQGWUDQTXLOLWgtlaquo

Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

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Yahan Aum ka jhanda ata hai

Soney walo jag chalo

Here comes up our flag leave off your slumber

Arise awake unite and forge ahead my co-religionists

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Basdeo Bissoondoyal (1906-1991)Sermons of Liberation

Dr Jimmy Harmon Director Nelson Mandela Centre for

African Culture Trust Fund

Q0HPRURI

48

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[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

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ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

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the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

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50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

XWWKHVXFFHVVRIPRELOLVDWLRQRIWKLVparaPDQRIUHOLJLRQmiddotDWWUDFWHGVXVSLFLRQDQGFUHDWHGMHDORXVDQGSROLWLFDOULYDOUDPRQJVWFRQWHPSRUDUQGR0DXULWLDQOHDGHUVXUJLQJIRUOHDGHUVKLSRIWKHFRPPXQLW6XWWRQQparaH3URFqVLVVRRQGRDOmiddot WKHFRQWHPSRUDUZULWHU-HDQ(UHQQHSHQQDPHRI-HDQ5HQp1RDXWRDVGHRLVVRRQGRDOTXRWHVWKHMXGJHPHQW

[hellip] le chant du Bande Mataram (Chant national du Congres national de lrsquoInde) et du lsquoElevez le Drapeaursquo par les membres de la Sewa Samiti agrave la demande de lrsquoaccuseacute agrave la reacuteunion de Petite Riviegravere et agrave celle de Lallmatie en preacutesence drsquoun certain nombre de Mahometans agrave cette reacuteunion ne laisse dans notre esprit aucun doute que ces reacuteunions nrsquoeacutetaient pas exclusivement religieuses hellip Nous condamnons lrsquoaccuseacute (Erenne 1964 66)

QGHHGVXFKDUHOLJLRQFKDOOHQJHGWKHVWDWXVTXR

Challenging the status quo

$UD 6DPDM LV D +LQGX UHOLJLRXV DQG VRFLDOUHIRUP PRYHPHQW LQ QGLD IRXQGHG E 6ZDPLDDQDQGD LQ W SURPRWHV 9HGLF WHDFKLQJVWV SUHVHQFH LQ 0DXULWLXV DV IURP EURXJKW DHindu renaissance and helped Hindus understand WKHLU ZRUWK DV LQGLYLGXDOV 0XOORR 6WXGLQJWKH VWUXJJOHRI WKHZRUNHUVmiddotPRYHPHQW LQ0DXULWLXV4XHQHWWHKLJKOLJKWVWKHHOOH9XH+DUHOXQUHVWLQDQGPDNHVWKHIROORZLQJREVHUYDWLRQDERXWWKHUROHRILVVRRQGRDOVmiddot-DQ$QGRODQPRYHPHQW

ldquoEnsuite vint 1943 Belle Vue Harel et ses morts Le Jan Andolan du missionnaire Bissoondoyal qui au-delagrave drsquoun parti travailliste eacutepuiseacute portait aupregraves des masses hindoues un message religieux pas toujours exempt de radicales revendications sociales En notre temps la croisade lsquobissondoyalistersquo aurait porteacute lrsquoeacutetiquette de quelque theacuteologie de la libeacuteration (p99)rdquo

7KH WKHRORJ RI OLEHUDWLRQ LV D FRQFHSWGHYHORSHGLQWKHVLQWKHFDWKROLFFKXUFKRIDWLQ$PHULFD ZKLFK LQWHUSUHWV WKH WHDFKLQJV RI ampKULVW LQUHODWLRQWROLEHUDWLRQIURPXQMXVWVRFLDOHFRQRPLFDQGSROLWLFDO FRQGLWLRQV 7KHKLVWRULFDO URRWVRI OLEHUDWLRQWKHRORJ DUH WR EH IRXQG LQ WKH SURSKHWLF WUDGLWLRQRI ampKULVWLDQ HYDQJHOLVWV DQG PLVVLRQDULHV IURP WKHHDUOLHVWFRORQLDOGDVLQDWLQ$PHULFDFKXUFKPHQZKR TXHVWLRQHG WKH WSH RI SUHVHQFH DGRSWHG EWKHFKXUFKDQG WKHZD LQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVEODFNVPHVWL]RVDQGWKHSRRUUXUDODQGXUEDQPDVVHVZHUHWUHDWHGRIIRII7KHWKHRORJRIOLEHUDWLRQJDYHELUWK WR WKHSUHIHUHQWLDO RSWLRQ IRU WKHSRRU LQ

the modern era We can draw a parallel here with WKHZRUNVRIWKH$UD6DPDMLQ+LQGXLVP)RU+ROOXS$UD6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV VWUHVVHGHGXFDWLRQDGXOWOLWHUDFWHDFKLQJ+LQGLUHQRXQFLQJEOLQGIDLWKDQGUHMHFWLQJWKHFDVWHVVWHPEDVHGRQELUWKUDWKHUWKDQRQKXPDQZRUWKLHSHUVRQDODFKLHYHPHQWDQGD ULJKWHRXV OLYLQJ 6XFKZDV WKHPLVVLRQDUZRUNRIOLEHUDWLRQEDVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

REFERENCES

LVVRRQGRDO 8 DQG DQPDQGKXE 0 HGV

DVGHR LVVRRQGRDO Q 0DMRU ILJXUHV RI WKH 0DXULWLXV

$UD6DPDM0RND0DKDWPDDQGKLQVWLWXWHSS

LVVRRQGRDO 6 $SULODVGHRLVVRRQGRDO

WKHILUHZLWKLQKWWSZZZOH[SUHVVPX5HWULHYHG-XO

2015

LVVRRQGRDO 8 HG 6HOHFWHG RUNV RI DVGHR

LVVRRQGRDO9RO90RND0DKDWPDDQGKLQVWLWXWH

RII DQG RII amp QWURGXFLQJ LEHUDWLRQ

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(UHQQH - 4XHOTXHV pSLVRGHV GH OmiddotKLVWRLUH GH

0DXULFH H 3URFqV LVVRRQGRDO Q 6LQJK

middotQGH HW OmiddotLOH0DXULFH 3RUW RXLVDQJDUDP UG (G

Chp2

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FRQFHSWVRI QGLDQHWKQLF LGHQWLW LQ0DXULWLXV(WKQRORJ

0XOORR$ $UD6DPDMEURXJKW LQGHSHQGHQFH WR

0DXULWLXV Q 5DPVXUUXQ 3 HG OLPSVHV RI WKH $UD

6DPDM LQ0DXULWLXV 1HZ HOKL 6DUDYHGHVKLN 3UDNDVKDQ

73S

)DLUFORXJK 1 LVFRXUVH DQG 6RFLDO ampKDQJH LQ

ampRQWHPSRUDU 6RFLHW QLVFRXUVH DQG 6RFLDOampKDQJH

SS3ROLW3UHVVampDPEULGJH

3HHUWKXP 6 DQG 3HHUWKXP 6 $SULO 7KH

ZRUN RI DDQGKLDQPLVVLRQDU KWWSZZZOH[SUHVVPX

5HWULHYHG-XO

4XHQHWWH5(PPDQXHO$QTXHWLO0RND0DKDWPD

Gandhi Institute

8QQXWK $ $ 3RUWUDLW RI 3URIHVVRU DVGHR

LVVRRQGRDO7UDQVODWHGIURP+LQGLE5DPHDG35RVH

+LOO(GLWLRQVGHOmiddot2FHDQQGLHQ

50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

ŽƌŶŝŶϭϵϱϲltĂƌĞůFRPSOHWHGKLVKLJKVFKRRODQG JUDGXDWH HGXFDWLRQ LQ 3UHWRULD $ FRQVFLRXVREMHFWRU WR $SDUWKHLG DUHO RSWHG WR FRPSOHWH KLVGHJUHHLQ$UFKLWHFWXUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLWRI3UHWRULDILUVWEHIRUH FRQWLQXLQJ WR VHUYH WKH WKHQPDQGDWRU WZRHDUVLQWKH6RXWK$IULFDQHIHQFH)RUFHDUFKLWHFWXUDOGLYLVLRQ+HUHKHUHIXVHGWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQDUFKLWHFWXUDOSURMHFWVWKDWKHGHHPHGWREHXQMXVWDQGLQVHUYLFHRIDQRSSUHVVLYHUHJLPH

DUHO MRLQHG DV WKH VWDII RI WKH HSDUWPHQWRI $UFKLWHFWXUH DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI 3UHWRULD ZKHUHKHFRPSOHWHGKLV0$UFK FXPODXGH LQDQGVXFFHVVIXOOGHIHQGHGKLV3K7KHVLVWZDVWKURXJKKLVZRUNXQGHUWKHEDQQHURIKLVSURIHVVLRQDOFRQVXOWDQFampXOWPDWUL[ WKDW DUHO ZDV DEOH WR UDLVH WKH EDU LQKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWLQ6RXWK$IULFDDVWKHILUPZDVWKH ILUVW WR SURGXFH D +HULWDJH PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW+$XQGHUWKHWKHQQHZ1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH5HVRXUFHV$FWRI7KLV+$KDVUHFHQWOEHHQLQFOXGHGLQWKH$UFKLWHFWXUDOampRQVHUYDWLRQLQ6RXWK$IULFDVLQFH3URMHFWVSXEOLFDWLRQ$+HUKROGWed)

Q ampXOWPDWUL[ ZDV FRPPLVVLRQHG WRFRPSRVHWKH9UHGHIRUWRPHampXOWXUDO+HULWDJH6XUYH$QG ampRQVHUYDWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW 3ODQ DUHOmiddotV ILUVWYHQWXUHLQWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJH$UHQD+HZDVVRRQLQYLWHG E amp2026 WR XQGHUWDNH YDULRXV DGYLVRUDQGPRQLWRULQJPLVVLRQVDQGDGYLVH LQJHQHUDOZLWKUHJDUGVWRRUOG+HULWDJH$VHDUODVKHZDVinvited to review the ICOMOS Ename Charter on QWHUSUHWDWLRQRI+HULWDJH6LWHV

QDQGKHODUJHOFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRI WKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRUWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH +H DOVR ZRUNHG RQ WKH H 0RUQH ampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGWKH81(6amp26ODYH5RXWH0RQXPHQWin Mauritius

Q 6RXWK $IULFD KH FRQWULEXWHG WR 5REEHQVODQG9UHGHIRUWRPHDQGWKH5LFKWHUVYHOG+6LWHV6WRQH7RZQRI=DQ]LEDUDQGLOZDLVLZDQLDQG6RQJR0QDUD LQ7DQ]DQLDRFFXSLHGKLPIRUPRUH WKDQILYHHDUVVWDUWLQJLQQKHZDVUHTXHVWHGWRDGYLVHWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLWZLWKUHJDUGVWRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH0X]LEX$]DDOD0SDQJD7RPEVRIWKHXJDQGDLQJVDWDVXELDPSDOD8JDQGDDQGLQWKHVDPHHDUVWDUWHGKLVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWDQGLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHQHZSRUWGHYHORSPHQWDGMDFHQWWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH DW DPXHQD+HZDVGLUHFWO FRPPLVVLRQHGGLUHFWOE81(6amp2WRFRQGXFW WKH+HULWDJH PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW IRU WKH DPX HHS DWHU 3RUW SURMHFWD WDVN GXULQJZKLFK KH DJDLQ VWUHVVHG WKH YDOXH RIHQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FRPPXQLW Q ODWH KH ZDVWDVNHGZLWKDQDGYLVRUPLVVLRQWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJHQRPLQDWHGDURWVHDQGampXOWXUDODQGVFDSH=DPELD

DUHO ZDV FRPPLWWHG WR WKH LGHD RI paraOLYLQJKHULWDJHmiddotsup2DFRQWLQXDOOVHOIPRGXODWLQJKHULWDJHDVSDUW RI D FRQWLQXXP RI SHRSOHmiddotV HQJDJHPHQW ZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWDQGSODHGDFUXFLDOUROHLQFUHDWLQJVXSSRUWIRUWKH81(6amp2+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHVapproach

Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

50

Wreath Laying at the Aapravasi Ghat World Heritage Site by Dr Abdul Kalam during the 2nd November Commemoration of the Arrival of Indentured Labourers in Mauritius in 2006 (Source AGTF Collection)

7KH$7)ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SUHVVLWVGHHSVRUURZRYHUWKHSDVVLQJRIU$YXO3DNLU-DLQXODEGHHQ$EGXODODPthe 11th3UHVLGHQWRIQGLD7KHIRUPHU3UHVLGHQWZKRSDVVHGDZDWKLV-XOZDVWKHFKLHIJXHVWIRUWKH38thDQQLYHUVDURIWKHQGHSHQGHQFHRI0DXULWLXV+HYLVLWHGWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRQth March 2006 where KHZURWHDQLQVSLULQJPHVVDJHLQWKHYLVLWRUVmiddotERRN

ldquoAapravasi Ghat is in itself an inspiring event in the history of Mauritian people

My respect for the people who sweat to create this nationrdquo

In memoriam Dr Abdul Kalam

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

ŽƌŶŝŶϭϵϱϲltĂƌĞůFRPSOHWHGKLVKLJKVFKRRODQG JUDGXDWH HGXFDWLRQ LQ 3UHWRULD $ FRQVFLRXVREMHFWRU WR $SDUWKHLG DUHO RSWHG WR FRPSOHWH KLVGHJUHHLQ$UFKLWHFWXUHDWWKH8QLYHUVLWRI3UHWRULDILUVWEHIRUH FRQWLQXLQJ WR VHUYH WKH WKHQPDQGDWRU WZRHDUVLQWKH6RXWK$IULFDQHIHQFH)RUFHDUFKLWHFWXUDOGLYLVLRQ+HUHKHUHIXVHGWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQDUFKLWHFWXUDOSURMHFWVWKDWKHGHHPHGWREHXQMXVWDQGLQVHUYLFHRIDQRSSUHVVLYHUHJLPH

DUHO MRLQHG DV WKH VWDII RI WKH HSDUWPHQWRI $UFKLWHFWXUH DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW RI 3UHWRULD ZKHUHKHFRPSOHWHGKLV0$UFK FXPODXGH LQDQGVXFFHVVIXOOGHIHQGHGKLV3K7KHVLVWZDVWKURXJKKLVZRUNXQGHUWKHEDQQHURIKLVSURIHVVLRQDOFRQVXOWDQFampXOWPDWUL[ WKDW DUHO ZDV DEOH WR UDLVH WKH EDU LQKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWLQ6RXWK$IULFDDVWKHILUPZDVWKH ILUVW WR SURGXFH D +HULWDJH PSDFW $VVHVVPHQW+$XQGHUWKHWKHQQHZ1DWLRQDO+HULWDJH5HVRXUFHV$FWRI7KLV+$KDVUHFHQWOEHHQLQFOXGHGLQWKH$UFKLWHFWXUDOampRQVHUYDWLRQLQ6RXWK$IULFDVLQFH3URMHFWVSXEOLFDWLRQ$+HUKROGWed)

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QDQGKHODUJHOFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRI WKH3ODQQLQJ3ROLFXLGDQFH IRUWKHXIIHU=RQHRIWKH$DSUDYDVLKDWRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH +H DOVR ZRUNHG RQ WKH H 0RUQH ampXOWXUDODQGVFDSHDQGWKH81(6amp26ODYH5RXWH0RQXPHQWin Mauritius

Q 6RXWK $IULFD KH FRQWULEXWHG WR 5REEHQVODQG9UHGHIRUWRPHDQGWKH5LFKWHUVYHOG+6LWHV6WRQH7RZQRI=DQ]LEDUDQGLOZDLVLZDQLDQG6RQJR0QDUD LQ7DQ]DQLDRFFXSLHGKLPIRUPRUH WKDQILYHHDUVVWDUWLQJLQQKHZDVUHTXHVWHGWRDGYLVHWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPPXQLWZLWKUHJDUGVWRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH0X]LEX$]DDOD0SDQJD7RPEVRIWKHXJDQGDLQJVDWDVXELDPSDOD8JDQGDDQGLQWKHVDPHHDUVWDUWHGKLVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHKHULWDJHPDQDJHPHQWDQGLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHQHZSRUWGHYHORSPHQWDGMDFHQWWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJH6LWH DW DPXHQD+HZDVGLUHFWO FRPPLVVLRQHGGLUHFWOE81(6amp2WRFRQGXFW WKH+HULWDJH PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW IRU WKH DPX HHS DWHU 3RUW SURMHFWD WDVN GXULQJZKLFK KH DJDLQ VWUHVVHG WKH YDOXH RIHQJDJHPHQW ZLWK FRPPXQLW Q ODWH KH ZDVWDVNHGZLWKDQDGYLVRUPLVVLRQWRWKHRUOG+HULWDJHQRPLQDWHGDURWVHDQGampXOWXUDODQGVFDSH=DPELD

DUHO ZDV FRPPLWWHG WR WKH LGHD RI paraOLYLQJKHULWDJHmiddotsup2DFRQWLQXDOOVHOIPRGXODWLQJKHULWDJHDVSDUW RI D FRQWLQXXP RI SHRSOHmiddotV HQJDJHPHQW ZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWDQGSODHGDFUXFLDOUROHLQFUHDWLQJVXSSRUWIRUWKH81(6amp2+LVWRULF8UEDQDQGVFDSHVapproach

Q0HPRURI

51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

e passing away of Prof Karel Anthonie Bakker (PhD) on 19 November 2014 has le a great void in the architectural and heritage fraternities both in South Africa and internationally

In memoriam Prof Karel Bakker ULWWHQNicholas Clarke on behalf of SAIA edited by Laura Robinson

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51

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd

Board MembersMr Dhuny Dharam Yash Deo Chairman Mrs Somatee Gokhool Vice Chairperson Mr Oodaye Prakash Seebaluck Representative of Prime Ministerrsquos Oce Mr Nitish Mutty Representative of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Ms Anupama Chummun Representative of the Ministry of Arts and Culture Mrs Kalpana Gunputh Luchumun Representative of the Ministry of Education and Human ResourcesMs Purvashee Banarsee Representative of the Ministry of Tourism and External CommunicationsMrs Vidisha Maitra Representative of the High Commission of India Mr Shivajee Dowlutrao Representative of the National Heritage Fund Mrs Soorya Gayan Representative of the Mahatma Gandhi Institute Mr Mukesh Jhummun Member Mrs Sadhna Ramlallah Member Mr Omduth Bundhoo MemberMrs Bedwantee Bikhoo MemberMr Ravin Ballah MemberDr Anwar Janoo Member

Members of Administrative StaMr Vedanand Ramoutar Ocer-in-ChargeMrs Indira Devi Gyaram Programme CoordinatorMrs Devianee Chuckowree Accounting TechnicianMr Kewalparsad Seetul Financial Operation OcerMr Pravin Sharma Boodhun Accounts ClerkMrs Drishtee Conhyea Condential SecretaryMrs Doorgawatee Rughoo ClerkMs Prithee Nankoo ClerkWord Processing OperatorMs Sarika Ramjeeawon ClerkWord Processing OperatorMrs Pavisha Beedasy-Prayag ClerkWord Processing OperatorMr Vivekanand Cahoolessur Oce AttendantMr Amirchandsingh Teerbhoohan Oce Attendant Driver

Members of Technical UnitMrs Corinne Forest Head Technical UnitMr Lovehin Andiapen World Heritage Site ManagerMr Vikram Mugon Heritage Interpretation ManagerMr Satyendra Peerthum HistorianMrs Maurina Soodin Runghen Researcher Mrs Kiran Chuttoo Jankee Research AssistantMrs Natasha Kheddoo-Ramcharitar Research AssistantMs Babita D Bahadoor Research AssistantMs Christelle CC Miao Foh Research AssistantMr Ashvin Kumar Nemchand Research AssistantMs Soonanda Nankoo-Bhadye Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vijayalutchmee Beejadhur-Poteah Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Vedita Jha Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Urmila Devi Ramkissoon Heritage Guide Public Outreach OcerMrs Lutchmee Pydatalli Field GuideMr Kishan Doorgathian Site Conservation WorkerMr Sanand Gowressoo Site Conservation WorkerMr Deenesh Kumar Gungaram Site Conservation WorkerMr Mahesh Sharma Ramdhony Site Conservation WorkerMr Subhir Ramsurrun Site Conservation WorkerMr Louis Headley Ramyad Site Conservation WorkerMr Vivekanand Seechurn Site Conservation WorkerMr Arunagiri Sungaralingum General WorkerMr Varun Sharma Badooa General WorkerMr Ramdass Ravind Basoodelsingh General Worker Mrs Sakuntala Devi Gopaul General WorkerMrs Vidwantee Jugun General WorkerMr Sooraj Ranoowah General WorkerMr Mohunparsad Bahadoor WatchmanMr Hansraj Dhanookdharee WatchmanMr Vijayanand Mulloo WatchmanMr Moti Gossagne Mahadeo WatchmanMr Mindranath Ramchurn Gateman

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund

Aapravasi Ghat Trust Fund Ex-DWC Building Quay Street Port Louis MauritiusPhone 217 31 57 Fax 217 2481 Email aapravasiintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorg

Beekrumsing Ramlallah Interpretation CentrePhone 217 7770 Email outreachagtfintnetmu Website wwwaapravasighatorgAAPRAVASI

TRUST FUNDGHAT

52

9 789990 388299

ISBN 978-99903-88-29-9

Designed amp Printed by Quad Printers Ltd