ahtwo: 10.2 spanish-american war
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10.2 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
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AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD25 MARCH 2014
10.2 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD`S NOTES24 MARCH 2014
KEY IDEA
IN 1898, THE UNITED STATES WENT TO WAR TO HELP CUBA WIN ITS INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA INCREASED GREATLY AS A
RESULT OF THE WAR AND CONTINUES TODAY.
INTRODUCTION
SPAIN ONCE AMONG MOST POWERFUL
NATIONS
NOW ONLY A FEW OF
SPAIN`S COLONIES REMAINED
ONE OF SPAIN`S
COLONIES WAS CUBA
OBJECTIVE 1CONTRAST AMERICAN OPINIONS REGARDING THE CUBAN REVOLT
AGAINST SPAIN
UNITED STATES HAD LONG HELD INTEREST
IN CUBA
CUBA IS LOCATED 90
MILES SOUTH OF FLORIDA
AND CUBA HAD SUGAR CANE
USA OFFERED TO BUY CUBA FROM
SPAIN
SPAIN SAID “NO”
SPAIN: WOULD RATHER SEE
CUBA SUNK IN THE OCEAN
BUT US INTEREST IN
CUBA CONTINUED
AND WHEN THE CUBANS REBELLED
AGAINST SPAIN
USA SYMPATHISED WITH CUBA
CUBAN REVOLT AGAINST SPAIN WAS NOT
SUCCESSFUL
MEANWHILE, WEALTHY AMERICANS INVESTED $MILLIONS INTO CUBAN SUGAR
PLANTATIONS
JOSE MARTI LED A SECOND CUBAN WAR FOR
INDEPENDENCE
THEY WANTED CUBA LIBRE!
AND SO MARTI ATTACKED US SUGAR
PLANTATIONS…
…IN ORDER TO
PROVOKE US INTERVENTION
BUT PUBLIC OPINION IN
THE USA WAS DIVIDED
OBJECTIVE 2IDENTIFY EVENTS THAT
ESCALATED THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE
UNITED STATES AND SPAIN
SPAIN RESPONDED STRONGLY TO 2ND CUBAN REVOLT
SPAIN SENT VALERIANO WEYLER
TO CUBA
WEYLER PUT 300,00 CUBAN
REBELS IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS
THOUSANDS DIED FROM HUNGER AND
DISEASE
WEYLER`S ACTIONS FUELED A NEWSPAPER
WAR IN USA
BETWEEN JOSEPH PULITZER + WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
PRINTED EXAGGERATED
ACCOUNTS OF SPANISH BRUTALITY
EXAGGERATED NEWS IS KNOWN AS YELLOW
JOURNALISM
HEARST AND PULITZER FANNED
WAR FEVER
DEEPENED U.S. SYMPATHY FOR CUBA + ENRAGED
READERS
HEARST REPORTEDLY SAID “YOU FURNISH THE
PICTURES AND I`LL FURNISH THE WAR”
THEN AMERICANS
INTERCEPTED DE LOME LETTER
THE SPANISH LETTER INSULTED US
PRESIDENT
SOON AMERICAN ANGER TURNED TO
OUTRAGE
MEANWHILE, U.S.S. MAINE
MYSTERIOUSLY BLEW UP IN HAVANA HARBOR
TO THIS DAY NOBODY KNOWS
WHY…
BUT THE AMERICAN
NEWSPAPERS BLAMED SPAIN
WAR BETWEEN SPAIN +
USA NOW INEVITABLE
OBJECTIVE 3TRACE THE COURSE
OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR AND
ITS RESULTS
USA NOW WANTED WAR
U.S. RALLY CRY: “REMEMBER THE
MAINE”
USA DECLARED WAR ON SPAIN
SPANISH THOUGHT USA WOULD INVADE
CUBA
BUT 1ST BATTLE WAS ON PHILIPPINE
ISLANDS
COMMODORE GEORGE DEWEY OPENED
FIRE
IN 7 HOURS DEWEY HAD DESTROYED
SPAIN`S FLEET
US ARMY LANDED ON
PHILIPPINES
FILIPINOS ALSO WANTED INDEPENDENCE
FROM SPAIN
AMERICANS JOINED FORCES WITH FILIPINO REBELS INCLUDING EMILIO
AGUINALDO
SPANISH TROOPS IN PHILIPPINES
SURRENDERED TO USA
USA THEN TURNED
ATTENTIONS TO CUBA
US INVADED CUBA,
DEFEATED SPANISH BY LAND + SEA
USA ALSO INVADED SPANISH COLONY OF
PUERTO RICO
USA AND SPAIN SOON SIGNED AN
ARMISTICE
US CALLED IT A “SPLENDID LITTLE
WAR” LASTED ONLY 16 WEEKS
TREATY OF PARIS SETTLED
THE WAR
SPAIN FREED CUBA
SPAIN GAVE USA GUAM (PACIFIC)
+ PUERTO RICO (WEST INDIES)
SPAIN ALSO SOLD
PHILIPPINES TO US FOR 20 MILLION
THIS CAUSED GREAT DEBATE IN
THE USA
DID THIS VIOLATE THE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?
BUT CONGRESS DID APPROVE TREATY OF
PARIS
WHERE WOULD THE USA GO
NEXT?