air intelligence report, v1n15

8/8/2019 Air Intelligence Report, V1N15

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XX I B 0 hi BER e 0 MMAND~ I I I T E l l i G E N C E REPORT

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JAPANESE AIR DEFENSEEstimating Air Opposit ionJap Wind.... EffectiveJap First Team FightersJap Manual Gives Poop on B-29

RADAR INTELLIGENCE

16 June 1945ill BCIlCCIl OPERATIONSIncendiary Attack on KobeKobe Str ike PhotoOsaka Strike PhotoOsaka Target tor Two 1I1ss1oosPhoto OsakaJaps Slander our Planes\lining Mission

XXI B.C. Sets Banbing Record!Yo BOMCCIl T A . ~ G E T S

summary of Damage to Targets in Japan 9


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~ ~ ~ ~ t ; ~ i e cUd no t bomb. Four..tons OD th e y eight dropped 3,048visually andprl;&rY target,average banblng ~ radar. trc. anteet . Six a 1 r c r a ~ t !tude of 15,530of opportunity with 4 ~ o m t b e d targetsM.Bombing of th e prlmardown by "ing' .. r 11 y 15 brokenow,: 58th,10?

Alc,686 tons '?3rd139 AlC, 936' tons:313th,1l4 AlC, 763tons ;314th,108Aft6&3 toos. 'OPPOSITION

Enemy a11' oppostt ion f t ! I reportedas moderate toheavy wtth 470 g,n..eraUylDlB81'8uiveattackS. A fewcoordinated andfly_through attackSwere reported. OneB..29 _5 ranlll8d bya George after being bIt D1 rlak andwas 5tragglin. !'lve parachute!"ere seen to open betore th e ai r ..craf 't crashed into the water ortHonshU. Five B..295 were lost toenemy aircraft . ClailllS agatnst theenemy were 62 destrOyed.4a probablydestroyed and 65 ~ d Four other B .295 were lost ..three to AA and one wh1ch c r u h ~on laodlng a t 1.0. PoW" SUJ"viTOl'aof the 8.29 wh lch .S r.-d ..repicked up by sub. (See AU.".aReSCUe sectIon.) , . . . . . .

nak wall 1l..,eJ' to-?06." andgenerally aocurate i ll 4blt tar,etarea. About 33 percea' of (1/17 aU craft received battle a.ase.R/SULfBpost lltrlke reooaDBuaaoce abO-'

4. 3 llquare .11_ of auII! t J ' ~thiS attaOk. rattll'1S tb t lIo&a1age to t ~ c le to eS&bll ."".,.d l e a .


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' ; ; J . H ~ ~ - T A R G E T FOR ,

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ThiS B-29 had i t ' . picture takl rl a8ainstan unusually inte res tin g backd!'OP rrrer~ a k a on 1 Junl . me reearklble deptbor focus shOW!! clearl1 th e oeakS PI18et tol d t i re d a t ! a ~ (a t lOWlr ru:ht ), -smoke riSing t r tb ' . u i P dUl'lNI:which thUi photo .. . by a 31Stb':'ling a i rcra t t . fb i lba4(ll1' ot tblJ "'9i s vis ible on tbe plaDl in tb t pic.. .

MISS1

Wing banbing total! are:106 A/c, 650 tons; 73rt1, 140904 tons; 313th, 108 Ale, 747314th, 103 AlC, 481 tom,tons were dropped on targets CItportuni ty .RESULts

Damage assessment !h l l l lsquare mlles of daN-ge,.U cli s in th e adjoining tOl'll of.sk i . Damage was caused to Uibared targets .LOSSES

Ten aircraf t were 101t.lows: Two from th e 731'4 n" .one each trom the 58th IIlII 1M:accident;one ditching frell.-two operational frOll tbI _Ith re e to unknOlfn ealllltl ft I58th '?ling. one aue ra l ' 314th wing was abaDtlOllIl1'"This a i rc ra f t Mel beell bit WJover the target aDd eMcommander had beeD kUlJd jevatar control bad bHlI 'th e co_pUot wcnndld t I I J ' I f ~ .The co-pi lot brOU&bt tb f I'1"0, however, and the 10 lIPdoned it and were relCOIG' Pol'

One hundred rort1 ' ~ ~ - 'were a1rborne as elcortOOlOlU'ac.1verse weatber c _ reacbed th e tarSet t ~ . I 'a even p_5U were 111 t r " CveI'

weather and one pi II _. . p o o l l l ~Enemy fisbter.a ld" ' 110moderate, with 90 - ad . )(continued OIl ...... -

1 JUNE liISSIcrnOn 1 June 509 B ~ 2 9 s ,

borne against Osaka. The 5 ~ ~ 'plied 119, th e 73rd 153, 3Iatb3l4th 118. benty nine . di d no t bOlllb. Four hUMrell r ~ seven dropped 2,683 tOll! or l ' - ~ JtHaries on th e primary tarcuua11y and by radar (rQII 1036K a t an average altitude d 1t,t ee t .

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'il1tJ.in th e a re a ar e located nume1\-ou s faniIy factories and shadowplants, too small and too numerousto be selected as individual tar_gets . In 1938 th e whole city hadsome 15.000 factories . Osaka wasth e place where Japan t t r s t enteredinto fIlJdern industrialism and, ex_cept fJ r th e lar ier and newer in st811a';ions, is mainly a conglomer_at ion or nome workShops and shaok_l ike factor ies .

oSAM go t th eincend tar yt r ea tmen ttwice during the week under review__ f i rs t on 1 June and again on th e7th. Total r es ul ts a re S .55 squaremiles of the city da:naged. or this ,3.15 ~ q u a r e ei l e! resulted frOlll th e1 June mission and 3.4 trom th e 7June str ike. Total damage to th ecity is now 14.65 square mUes.OSaka 15 th e second l ar g es t c I tyIn Jej:8D. having had e populatioD.or 3.252,240 In 1940. Prior to thewar it had th e most important In dustr ial c oncentra tion In the FarEast b'.lt Tokyo recently has takenth e lead as th e msnufactur1lJ8 cen_te r of th e Empire.The cIty remaIns one ot the prin_cipal c en te rs o f heavy industry. I tIs noted fo r I ts shlpbullcUl18, t ronand s teel warlt!3 , rol l ing stock worksand non-ferrous metals enterprises,notably copper and aluminum. Otherwar materials produced ar e a t rcraf tpropellers and governors, munitionsand Ol'dnance, textl les, specials tee l s , wire, electr ical equipment,machines and machine tools and in s trUl"le:lts.

RAIL'lI'AY HUBAn extensive system of railwayshubs o:l. OSaka, includil18 th e To_kaido main l1ne, th e Kansai Uneand l'IU11erous lOcal electr ical arteries.


6/13

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Thirty two airfield str1kes COlI.pleted t he s er ie s against the t1eldson Kyushu and Shikoku . Post strikereconnaissance has but recentl1been obtained on these f ie lds . Thecanpleta series or 9'1 missions "111be summarizei! by airrteld when as .sessment is completed.T en mining m1ss10ns, eO:Ul'letingth e nay operations,are not reportedherf.' i n d e ta il .

twice aod Yo.Kohama once. D&lt8gefran these attacks is assessed at35 .97 square miles

" ",.~ t b e " " 5 h O l ' e r thatil17":.!riiad the in_

,':'elt,_ot Yokohallla"I 'UltlPl, by 0... tills, s ~ r u l or in .lel1 ,'be1ng releasee!,lllb t or the XXl- ' ~ a r t ' attaekina~ " 1b1.s.... handsome.:.ot& Photo, was takenl,te !-29 e O ! l D : l a n d e ~ by, ~ r.ersey, 877 th' (9i)tb Group.

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STATIST' CA L CHARTS 0" fOLLOW'.' PAGEl

,DlmiS' to Urban A r . l $ a n d . . ! ! ~ u s t r i a l Targets in Japan11& 54 str ike attacksi\l11: agaInst the Japanese home.. . .. ts or the XXI Banber Com1.,.1 1 \lWo...

'r:eD or these attack.s were !Dade~ 1nl!ustrial targets , lDakingI l.O:a1 ll1'J8 such missions to date.I,;:' Are against Japanese o il1lG!'36! and refineries ( T 8 ~ g e t s S73,rt, IBM and 2121). Three werean5t the enemy aircraft industry~ ~ t s 660, 1702, 2008 end 792).Pin or the Itay missions hadteslgll8ted incendiary areas Intile e1t1es as their object ives.laKeya was h i t twice, Tokyo

B Z : ~The XXI Bomber Ce.e::.l . . .:l ! shed a new AAP receI'd ou UWith t h e g r ea te s t tonllle.,.,:leased OD a Single WItt lumission - - 3,162 tons of IDdiar ies on Nagoya.The previous AU reeord IU 11I1by th e 8 th Air l"orca b..,I's,dropped 2 ,923 tons on ColepllOctober 1944. I t took 1,24&11I 1bOlllbers, attacking, to diU...2,923 tons about 32& II1ltt, ellonly a th ird ot that--I

B-29s, carried the 3!162 Imiles to Nagoya. Ttl. rICsince been broken . . . .ral U"th e XXI BomCom. (Secret)

Enemy a ir op50 enelIly f i g h t e ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ n "'* Itacks. Flak wes ~ l l l f J 15 It:.moderate Bnd i n a e e ~ Qp .. . "undercast. lt t ~ 1 " \

Two B-29s 1t'81'e 1reesons. One of the o"t to IltI....abandoned nOrthwest o ~ l ~ ~ _ ' l r c lof th e cre" "ere r e 8 1 ' 1 ~ 'th e 313th Went dotrn ' ' ' ' ' ' l .Tlnian and si x crew :0l'thlts\:rescued. ~ b t ~ ""One hundred fort, r..ere airborne f'rQll boo ~ , reported Seeing 40 to 60 et t \ th e t a rget area and ObIt!'Y......destroy two enemy &UCrtlt. 141irt1Cl ty area d&lDaged 10 tilts

9100 totals 3.4 Square lUll!.ra i ses th e to tal cit, 4&aet.14.65 square miles, e s t 1 : a ~ l o 24 pereen1; ot the bQUt,.UPor the City. (Secret)

Tnirty 008 3!3th Wll18 e i rcraf twere a:l1'borne on the night of 7-8June to lay mines in th e easternand western approaehes to Shimono_seki Straits, Fukuoka and ".aratsu.Fifteen laid 108 1.OaO-poundersill the western app ro ache s, s ev enla1d 84 1n the eastern approachesalld four laid 48 a t F"ukuoka. Fivejettisoned and returned ear ly .No eneoy a1 r opposition was en_cJuntered and no ai rcraf t los t .

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interception occurs In tHe Kobe.Osaka-Nagoya area. leu.r 0Pposi.t ion takes place in both Northernand Southern R)'ushu whereas 10 emaround Y.ure ther. is al l to weakt igh ter interceptIon. 1I0st errt_cient fIghter Interception hu oc curred In the TolQro area and to lesser degree In the Qaaka-Hasoyaarea. I t is believed that th , .orehIghly traIned pUots a the betterf Ighter aircraft are located 10these two areas. In antic1pation orth e bulk of B-29 attacks.

2. Operational weather oyera i r f ie lds .()Jr experience shows that when10/10 averc as t exIsts over tighterairf ields the .MIIlY righters do notcome up . Th. enemy's decision toremain grounded is probably due totwo reasons:a. Operational lOUd that . ,)CCl1l' on take otr and landing in;t0ar operational . . . .ther.b . Nil to s u l l ..OdD' or 1DooterceptloD tbat could be efrected.3. T1II8 at a1151(11. oiIb' or

dO. know that CD n1&bt u. .i_not 0D11 are tbere l . - r . . ,'1&11_' airl>Ol''' but 111o, . . .percental. at la.tuoe;{lOD1 .ttOt-,eel is lower. 'l'be to\a1 . . . . 0_18.' t 1gb_ al1'oratt 18 s:..r'a _prObol>l7 eo. lit *... .atel1 30 are ia. . . fOIIJO . . . .15-20 1D till 01....... ., . . .eo-ss la. l\J11Ibu probe'll w . . . . .

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t1mat 113g enemy figh te rflU t ~ : n i t il l des1rable to a t l I ' I l ' e t ~ foreCAst what to e Japs11ft rill do as well as whatcapable of' doing. To aDti. " til. strategy ot the enelllY's~ p t o r l requires cons iderat10DI'dli rollO'll'illS lllaj or factors:

1, ..btl' aDd types itnllled ia t ..mUllblt el18llY fighters locatedII d erauntl a re as ove r which ou r... ""I, toper.tional weather over the.::t1114l CIl 'lhich th e Ja p f ighters" loeate4...1- f1M of mi!!lslOD. whether....t rt daf.t . ~ t b of t1me aver enemy...,.

S, llt1tUlle of B_29a.5, 'l&bter escort.T. PCI'U.tlon of 11-2911.11..nt of !!Iurpr1s t, Putbat UP8l'leace

~ ; ; ; - '........ .q 1A ttl, rou wIll be treated~ lab.: OWIng p&l'qraph8.""- . loc.ted.'t types o t Ja p"ICh 0Ql0 a vound area.It 9a t17.lOt U >aU len.... or.= that th e la:r_It , II the '1'0_7 airerat t ar e.. ~ ~ ! 8 t t1""'0 area and tbat

...... het'e. ~ ~ 0Pposl t loa8I'ate t ight ..

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9/13

~ I!;l.ement ot surprise. ..I t is apparent that the Japehave two to t1ve hours warning ofou r approach. However, by maintain.ing pa tte rn s of approach to r varioustargets we can keep the enemy f'rlXilgueSSing which target is to bebombed, and conseqUently reduce thenwnbpl' of a tt acks oecurina in thetarget area.9. B-29 experience.Pro bab ly the best indicatlon orwhat interception the Jep f ighterswil l offer is the B.29 experienceon recent missions io the areaaunder consideration.OUr experience indicates thatth e follOWing number ot Intercep_tors are normally all'borne againstou r strikes, assuming operationalweather over Jap all't1eld!l.Tokyo area 150..160Osaka-Nagoya area 75.100K\1re area 30-40Northern Kyushu 30.40

thern v'"'shu 30_40Sou . ~ 21( I

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expect g re at er i n-011' ~ a the t time more

! ; o t I t ~ l 0 0 for bYe been vectored to~ fill h ~ ~ a c t . By maintainr i P ~ of COlJIe differential be . 1 1 1 1 ~ t Squadrons I groupS~ f \ l e e t e d l ~ n e m Y 'S capabil i t iesifl'OfiI1I" the n dll be reduced

I C u r c e p ~ ~ o 18 due to th e fac t,-.tU' Ttldivldual enemy f ighter11II1we 1IIlell time to get intotil 'til',' r hIS next attack.Iliod a,. twal tormations should(I r l t t ~ e d to be extent poss ibleII adctlillterCeptors have made e t-* , 1 l I ~ ,tragglerS as fa r ou t as.11" out to sea.(I oat willS efforts the aircraf t

i!!llt d!1& 11'111 axiomatically re-!tift aU of the eoemy's intercep-l'tlet'8 two 01' more wi118S make~ ill the same area they willrtcei'1e a rougbly propor.I!I'W sllare ot total enemy inter-11I11011, Hence,on a max:1m.um effor t~ urb&ll Tokyo the Japs mayIIUP 160 tlghters bu t each wing l.otuclpted by no t more than"meratt. F'Urthermore I each group!1Md1 nll& will probably receivetlnr eneounters, probably DOt.. tbio 40 - 50 .

-rlill all On_'-.tmooUlb!' 110M or a D.'I til, ll'l8tb,~ '99th~ PUoted bJ't4.J.1, Caz, h . . . . " 11.: " : l ~ l l l , < .pll..... ~ 1._

A1.r un i t.s receivillg dirltt flf,ell' escor t w111 recll" nil tl.interception.With Salle Mustangs a t t & : ~enemy pacer planes there s b l J l l ! ~a reduction in the amount or Wfomation relayed to e n e ~ fl&ttulll

f lak defenses.7 . Formations tlOl'D b7 8-2'.lIaxlmum etfort!! IIa1Dl t tbI f'j.yo and osaka-IJaSoya &f'II...cOlllplet8ly swup the e I so that th e laSt t c r - a ~ l O " ;th e ta1'Set area I f i l l race t"weak opposition.On daylight aUl10dl t flown tormations .111 ~ ~ : " t 'est firepower deteDllf .....interceptors . d I t 1s believed t h 6 ~ lJ II

t ighter escort , tb8 t , lead tormations aqtJ:=t rJless than th e fUll ba1 t U cept ion. 'l"he s8'tet

ot attack becolllesca n a l l th e inter l meet us bu t they ~ : P t o t ' a t:1by th e amOunt or ~ ~ t e . ) ' ~ l " \climb to a higher al , ! l I I t " l ~scend. IbJd. ~ '",On night missionst ighters can stay up 1 tilt ho..ot our cClnP&Jo&t1velhO ~ er b&......ot attack (6,000 .." I llIltiii"'"Thus by relllalni!l& a1l'b 10,01:1] r:t1me th e Japs can llIake Otlwi a lOll;consistent With lore a t and good v e c t Q t ' i n : ~ U l l t l o o l l t l ~

6. Fighter eSCort.At present tightv estorts1sts ot three grOUps or bI "-based on two. l'he1.1' radiust10n w111 permit escort to \bot:yo and Osaka-NaRon l r6l l l .IJgood operational ",ather,tlo;::should be able to neUtl'al!u tltttopposition in the Toqo "'Illone group should Pl'OYlde e_ Itth e Nagoya a r M ~ CD. ret'fIi "-m1ss10n two roups or W I l . ' ~ .

countered 14. enemy r1.&blmllth e B..29s met 40 Jeps,sOllt rI-.were among th e 141 ellCOl1Ilill'lll_th e Mustangs.

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Cia' m1nll1& m1551009. CUr experiencelIldlea't8S that on night missions totbe ToJqO and Osaka-Nagoya areastbe total nwnber or airborne (1ghter a Is roughly ha l t th e number ort1&hterS sent up durtl1! daylights t r ikes and th e D\Ulber ot attacks11 eve!l less.Also on night missions more at_tacks ~ IIIade on our ta U thandarln& 4ay miSs10ns. In addition.tile Baka! rockets and ~ s u s p e D d l n e : "balls of tire have maoe their ap

pearance during night missions.F'),I'thermore. because ot the Japs I1 ~ 8 d e q u a t 8 vectoring system duringn1sht mUsions the B_29s coned bylIearcbl1r;hts may receive 8 concentratIon of attacks.

4. Length or time over eDelllYterritory.ApprOXimately 95 percent o r a l lattacks by enem;y tighters occur ba tween landfall and land's en d. an dpractically SO percent ot a ll at_tacks are made 1n and around thetarget area. By reducing th e amount

or t1me B-29S spend over t he J ap an ese hOll1elaDd the Japs have le5s timein which to e f fe c t t h ei r intercep_~ i o n s and consequently they make~ e w e r attacks than with a longeroverland run. Natu ra l ly , the timespent over enemy ter r i tary dependspr1Jnar1l1 on the location of th etarget.

For example, if our target istbe lIitsubishi Aircraft Plant nearTokyo, eitber ot the down-wind orup-Wind approaches will permit th estrongest t ighter reaction. I t ou rtarget were located nortb of Tokyo,sueb as the Kor1yana. Chemical Plant01' south of Tokyo, such as any 1 n dustrial plant on Sh1mada peninsula.e .ould require much less over:land t l l ing and consequently sustain l e se inte rcept ion .

S. Alt1tude ot B-29s.'nle tlUIlIber and types ot enatilbte:ts that can intercept us e hct1vel;y t a l l ot t when our B-29st l l 21_25.000 teet or hlgber Con'1181'sI11,tor a ll practical p ~ p o s e s - Ucond and t i t 1 ': ~ t ~ o ~ ~ g h r t e r e ~ : D " i ~ : r ~ : ~ t o eat . As OUr alt i tude.

V.l.l FIGHTER-- ,-,


10/13

Technical details ot the coas t ructlon and operation ot the allparatus r i l l be tOllIld with tbe Ie COlllpBD1tl& dradnc and pbotocra)llU.CCRHELATIOJl OF SCOPE paaroo

When ttle Dept1't 'es ot -.cb rl4U'ru n tlaye b ie n p lo tt ed on I up orseri8!J or up sectiODS, tbll plot19 checked 1Ia1tl.St a . .tar plo\Thill lII&Ster plot coast.sts of Pnct ions cCW't1'IDl all m B.cl"oute and tar l l t areu pbotGP' o tl'ansparent tn. ctlli: bU l ~ 1 tt v. . ) ~ thl ' . sCfale at t i l lp lo t t i q ..p l . 1ti ar t t.a41O&titdth e poe1tIODl or all prerloal lOopepbot0ll'apbJ ,

BJ' th e uaaiD6tilO1l ot ......radar l"UIl plot tIU'OQItlu:.:nI;'::en t . . , t e r plOt, it 11 _tVll1Ded wh.tbIr ttll - .""a t l n , art of 1Iy1rl1D" . " , . . . , .or er t ot area_ alrtl

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SOlI or the methods end devIcesK to correlete th e enormous a_a :t rS scope.photo intelligence:::lla!:tl.1 belng procured ar e out_1!ll berl.Scope llelatlves ar e obta1nedWh by Slp&1"I.te Radar Reconnais_. . . 11551011I and by B-29s f ly ing"I2le.. eOllbat 1II1ss1otl!l. Negativest i l l seope photography taken by_tt at the XXI BomCom are ror_-W l-.dlate1y after processln" ~ , Photo Lab to th e Coal.Illterpretat10n Unit a t Guam.le:n ot the scop, operetor 's lo gb belQded -ith each ro l l ot t l lm.

PlIOBLEI O!" PLO't'rING~ O t l ' to aainta1n a usetulb-: ' ' 'U'bIt scope photos, 1t5&1', to plot on a Ill8p th eIt_ ~ K ' o c r ' P b 1 C loeation ,ot th e" " ~ t "'ill nqa tbe . 'nle scope~ 1 0 1 ! l c \ 08 11 ot asSistance Int.e !toba.tberleneral location, bu t~ t ! l l t e l 0 etVIDln1ng th e u a c tt:! tor....... a laborious and u n ..

~ l b I d 1 task unt i l the device~ ~ : t k \7 ~ i O l r "'s deVised and pu t~ o t o , 'hA,P. Gl'lttith or th e'c Unit.

-...:.., ' ,"1iJ?adur I N T E L L I G E N C E " " ~ ' ; ; '"

"lfindOlf" d 1 s p ~ O M J ' A I r D lplanes prOduced ell b , ~ : "anr thing preyi an 'r r da r operators. ~ 1 : P ' "'II St er ed r ad ar in t ' O P t r . ~ - ' ,blanked t he e nti rtll'r..l"'ao.onds and after i t ' tco,. tat 10... no t 1n . V l " ' : : ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 I 0 D DIYISID T ~ R ~ T I . I 1 J_., - - - ~ ~ ~ c r H i f d~ I an'. t : : o t o r i ous - EAST TO OPERATEI l & ~ t d ' t 1 0 ~ c o u n t e r e d (Perl' Jap- To borrow a phrase t r i l l Po la r1 bid ,etther e t.he select ion or Mechanics l!agaZ:1M,'this a J l ~ t u l~ e e s s l t a ~ c o n d a r 1 radar aim1ng 1s easy to construct and opentt.;JI.f'1 or Ii XXl BomCom miSsions. despite tbs !'l"1gbten1D8 na::e 1t & o e ~l'l1l:t5 ror a hotOgraphy .or XXI Bom by - "The Radar Dual Scanning alldI S O Il scope ~ was available a t Plotttn.g Device'. I t 19 accurate,.l&l1lt :t c(lllbat operat10ns speedy and flax1b1e. One un o p e r ~1IC1Cft1n& collection and process- ates 1 t and haa plotted as many ulsIl tallis 1nformation has taken 750 scope negat1ves il l 0DlI da,.. I t~ o tll ultaneous!y with cOalbat projects and tocuses an enla rc ld,ace sa Although th e goal is bage ot the Scope negatln on a~ ~ o n : ~ o p e ~ P h o t o coverage or lnap ot th e general area. When thII~ 1 lSI ElIlpire, XXI BomCom outstanding features ot the 'COpl:':0.. : : wle t areas have natur_ negative correspond with Uke tN t -~ b H n ,ivln t i r s t pr10rity 1n U 1 " ~ of tbe lII8P, the center ot the

IUtilon ot ",ubject matter"" proJecMd IlO88e ot the naptive ilmarked Oil the map, IlPd th , coord1n...ates ar e e81111y read and annotated.All th e nacat1ves trOll e silllle"radar run" ar e plotted on ODe up,or set ot up sections. which be ...comes a perlll&nent record or thatrun.

f # A recentlJ ' capturlG IttIlWtended ta r P'RAn PUote ~ ...iDStl'uctlollS to r ti&btllll \ b I ~and sCI:Ile Ja p pertonanct t ~ th e Superfort.Under th e head10C .a.ttpoi nt s" t he FRAJl Pilote . . . . .structeCi to attack tNI l .angle, r rent and btlOl'. Po!.JrW,attack recommended . ." . edge ot th e w11lg wharl 1\ III.tached to th e fuselag !XP1oll"

oxygen tanks 1n the ba.b M1 (-.th e t ra i l ing edge or the 11II),'There were also som, slCbUIll tU:-to r canputIn,; lead, fls 'i' ,,1

..

FRANK JACK GEOROE F 6 F - ~ W!:1Engine 1970 HP lB7!5 HP 1970 HP 2000 SP 2100 BPS.L"S,L. 5.1. S.L. S.L. S' toRate ot 2.7" to 2.6" to 5.5" to :3 .4" to 3. 000'Cllllb 10,000 ' 10,000 ' 19,1588' 10 000 ' '"! pIIsr." 0 422 aph 425 mph 407 mph 386 IDph : ~ A t i tude 22,000' 26,250' 19.686' 17.400' 359 apiaS.L. 3M mph 350 mph 340 mph? 344.ph U 600'Service 39,000' 39,600' 40.000' 37,300' ,CetlIn,; , ,,,,",,Armament 2-12.7mm 4.2omm 4-2Omm 6_5OO'a1, ; d4122Omm (QlE

rrOlll th e VI! Fighter Command onIwo C


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adve:rt1SiIl8 their plan to selectrrOll:l a l l occupied countries a fewhand_picked pensionados -- that 15,Asiatic youths who would " tudy inJapan fo r one or more years andthen return t o t he ir own lands dest ined to r leader"hip. Lt. B. wallnominated as a P1l1pioo peo.siODBdoand, at ter a few months in schoolsWhose regimen anll curricula had aSingle obvious purpose , t he groupse t saU frOID flantla, lIebarkeli atVoji , and p ro cee ded by rail andthrough the ShilioDosekt Tunnel toToqo . where they arr iTed in J'llly1943.. ...c5r';>'isf?

v J / 4 J > ~ ~\

a period endin8 with theeve of the invasiotl ot thePhilipPines. However, in~ th e absence of much intor_mation COOling out ot Japanit is reproduced here tromth e S.W.P.A. IntelligenceSummary. No attempt is made toevaluate th e material. It shouldbe remembered however. that it isan individuais opinioo. expressedfo r publication.

o ; ; - ; ~ ; '9

"'" .leb - -....... d1llllWlII Iii'"tb.11' pi........ _ oS. -" '"'rbe. '''1 bacI __ . . . . ot . -

.,

,1,,1 I'"

nup1nO orficer, whoJot nth the OSAFFE in:w later lived fo r,:authan a year a8 a feted~ 1 1 l l Japen uncl.er polt tel:.'t5!, hi' made hiS wayId Into Al11ed territory. -.-....copioUS diary, supplemented byl!'d'/let, provides th e material~ l tlds article on th e homelandIII It.! people as he ssw them. Un -~ r . = . a t e l 1 , the report covers only

till 0IlI' (orce" finally surren_b.l1II Batean in 1942, Lt . B. or'/I !Mllpp1nes ArIllY se t ou t in a.u eran trying to escape to Ba-1Ips. 1I1s boat was intercepted.'1Jlpanm destroyer which hauled..*'uIl. Ayear later he was in. . . .l brief narrative of how he.. t b e ~ l , and beck, is of in te res tIftt discussing what he reportsliaT1JIc seen anO sensed.!U c:tpture 1IllS ilD.lDediately fol_

b7 seYeral months in a to taleOllcentration camps, whoset lortallty rate was ex_

Cf ~ . .1 the count of haran_I tor the Asiat ics" .~ b e r ot the imprisoned. ot_, lltludine: Lt . B., were~ h l ' t d IJInesty1t they Would.III ~ l 1 i p P i n e s cons tabulary.

~ 1 I t I:._'l'he released. lDen. " q . e "4 .. . itting (which "as,'Jt1!b J: r.o c ~ Q ot iDd.octrina_I. Itttr tt III pUrpo rt ed warII tlle e : i ; ~ they began sarv ...Ulery.. ._ lIll> ro JAPAN~ 1 tile JaPanese were bua7

TWO.RAFl'81lJLl1 & ~ ~-

( ) (" ' iS't(J>2.,.ONS'UI. ' t tvWh.1.1' ~ : : ~ ~ ~ D ..AIIDI"'"f over and t Four survivor! .mo balled ou t of tour Rute, a tutdecl, !l;ell PIa 4 ~ t h Group B.29 w 1 t h ~ r sp it ting k ib itz . T h r ~ ~ a r e d on ~ t h . , ~raf18l' of the Hoo.shu shore were res- cUseretely 0 or the. ' I ~ cued 1n good shape by a submarine one attacked D.bthe a14'1 t t . . ~ _ 1 ion 5th June. The rescued men are and i t s oceU 1 0 l r ~ l l g lzlea-'-'Lt . J . Z. Kesckes, Lt . J . P. DuffY, with no de. ~ a n t o u . t : r l t t ~Lt. C. J . Duveen and staff sergeant a d l s p a t c h ~ c e i O either' U111l.'.l,A. J . Libert. submarine. \!'ed floCll k t ......' !he 73rl1 Wing ai rcraf t had bcmb- After a car , lts::tad robe, and on i ts 'II'8y ou t fran sub anO two COVlU'flU a l l l ~

th e target spun tnto the water additional survl Plane, 'Il'tI,and exploded just ott the coast at d u m b ~ gave chas:Ol'I, t b . ~34_5 HI 136-30 E. 'ttl8 waist and took otr 1n 8 h and t h e ~ ' "taU guMers were badly wounded and est lng tale fo r ~ lI1tb Ilni t 15 lmprobable that they could This ic k e S-2a. :tohave jumped, while it is belteveCI Ja p homePsh -u p _a8 the elthat the pi lot and co-pi lot also rescue e f f e ~ ~ e ~ ot all7 X l I Q $ ~ ~_ent in w1th t he p lane . d tftft.) a to date. *'.-~

Al l 12 crewmen ot a di tched 73rd1J1D B-29 wera afloat on th e twor a f ~ in th e above photo. 'ftl.ey werepicked up by a rescue DE in NorthernVar1anas waters a tew hours a t te rdit eh ing there on 1 June. The d i t -ched a i rcra t t was commanded bycapt. B. K. Yount ot t he 498 thGrCllp. This photo and th e ODe a tth e l e t t , which shows th e DE whllebeing guided by Superdumbos to th erescue, were taken trCID a B-29 cm118r.4.d by Kajar J . P. Faris, 875thSquadron, 498th Group. (Cont1.dent la l )

f i r s t B..29 ratd'tures on Japan, followed by a fo r ..


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'tlU'nea to s1mvertised in ilar Work. Ucealed in sevthe papers antas ad .ed . The stUde r ~ l Schools he Ilneon.than stUdy a s put in more ' ' i S 1 t ~teacher r ~ both the abarversion.P At e S ~ e d pride i ~ ~ ~ : ~ Japanese Army ~ t r t ot the SChools1.in g the outpu t. car 1r&! i n s p e e ~SHORTAGE'"

Certain shorts1a; appeared e v i d e ~ ~ s rin war mater.e s manner ot l1v rClll the peep.there was less th ina. or coalwas none to r home:n a l1ttle; therepartment stores or or llVen for de.Lt . B. almost fr public bullclinpl!inistry bUlldin:ze once in the ".;ature goes do'llTl t Tokyo'S temper_age of fuel or 0 0 zero. A short.indicated by the t h e ~ lIl8terials wasabsence of CiV111' ost completestreets and by the an cars from themilitary vehicles ~ U ~ 1 t 1 llI'en ofregular passell8e;s 0 onell eueand generals caused on streetcarsThey ev&n carried th surprUt.boxes. Lt. B said e r Olm lllDChArmy officers' in l ! a J ~ t ~ l l ~ s emore personal transportation (au:of i t expropriated) than in Tolqo.

STANDARD OF LIVIIfGThe people l1ve poorly. 'nle1rscale of necessities was below tllatof t!anlla during the f1J'st ~ o n t h . sof Japanese occupation. Luxuriesare ru e or nonexistent.Intent on mold1f'l8 the pensioDados properly, the authori ties &1..lotted them anextu ration ot rood.

Even with that,Lt. B. said hU _tconstant feeling in Japan and bllSharpest memory of i t was. not astarved. bu t an unhappy atlpet1te.I t should be remembered. or course,that he '11'85 accustcaed to a aoresubstantial diet thaD tbe JapeDlt',who ea t sparel1 1n norul tu-t The Japanese, hoWlYer, OD the1J's tandardll. had to tllhten tblwseshes (obi). Lt. B. Dff'8I' rec t i -801 pure rice cM'lqldl !!bole ;it nas alft1S.txecl .U b . . . . ..:.ta to , beans or 00I'Il _, . , 1 been nourUhilll l I d ~ , 1lIIIth e JapaDU4l & .&-..theU' sherp 40811'0....A L L J O ( I ) ~

Al l rood . . _UII".

convers8'tion.in prl.at e faOes of vis i -: J l ( I ~ : 4 t h 8 \ : ~ ~ t 1 o n reflectedI ; I th ll ex: n glee i they'Slat IlfIrnUs t h: t ha t raids by... ,Olll thll paper continuing in~ trCII "e re thrJ' ..,mothS d Just acrOSs e.. . 'al ll Ulan.",'I dSal' sness among tHe peo-11 eonlcio\.l t1DJ.ule.ted 1n 8 more,1f1.S also s Airplane model

, . ' ~ f ' U 1 ve10'ularized successfUlly~ d W f l S P ~ ~ t this program wasb(l1s, 1 different from those~ b 1 1 l 1 t t / states and Britain.&pe uoite on the other hand~ l t r a ~ i ~ more energetically* tJ'CII0:n,. other country except_1tI ar=an1 Glider schools"",..,s Gued on 8 substantial.. o : g ~ l l contests of all sortsJ C I 1 e a r : ~ regularly _. and no t withJP's.:eeau. The results have Dottfldatlt thus ta r in JapanJsl:l!itt actiVit1e!.

THE WAR grFORTIt B. bad no access to any vi ta l~ ~ t 1 0 t l on the war erfort , ex_1I;:to: hiS 119corted viSlts toIlCt\1l'lu. The pensionados were in meted not to talk to th e workersIll, although Lt.B. surreptitiously"llatfld the order. hi s lack of

~ e s l knowledge prevented himtotlll4l anything ot part icularIlb!, He d1d report that th e handlli( equ1IQant seemed good i there~ p h n t 7 of lifting machinery fo r1_llrs P1.&ne parts about th e fac-, . Plants operate 24 hours.

E1! lOstIIIIlte 1 ce rt ain obse rve tioD wasl t l C l ' l ~ teemeal factories which he'-U ill U large in number. verylite and : ~ z e l and haphazard in1t:e Icrkshoructure. 110st of them! ~ a ! s , = ~ i ~ the home, where 8Parts II l!or made part icularISsee' enbers of neigh_n ~ j O i n ~ t ; i o ~ S may have par t i.. -u: bUt n n Some of theseI\IilJtetloll or :e rous enterprises.' l &rid not e City that he viS ..1 I I a l ! ~ & h ' - e : : ~ fbloCkD, were but Sail! e actory. HeI:tl, that th he sa" no directt'otl-':;I't e o o r d ~ efforts of these'aency. nated by an oft l_

~ o o l ehlldren too had beenun't l't,::,1c_ 'ts4I t .s biS,one Japanes

CRASRED B-2' EXIIIJllI'A crashed 0.29 ., pI-'and brought to Tolqo toras one of the "hundredS-" ;The people rUShed to t:Ilt:'1othoUBandS. Acccrd1llC tohowever, the1l' prid. 1D - i i ' !ment represented by ~ of th e B_29 " t e J I G I ~ ~ jII!:'

8b17 by th e b. . . . . . ~ ' 1ts thick enaal' .nd"-mente

a le r t was so.tnded. "' s Ilot1 t was ma inta inedin ' r o ~ o bo


13/13

p r . , c u r e ~ ana c U s t r i b u t e ~ by th eneighborhood associations. An in ~ i v 1 ~ u a l family could no t go marketin g f or i t s to od , b ut just paid i t sassessment and took what it rece i ved withou t cho ice or com'l1ent. ' lb.eblack market was s tea l th i ly microscopie contrasted with that of mostAllied nations. Some of th e wealthie r families would t9,ke tl"ips tot he ?rovlnces and smuggle back afew c3ickens and eggs bu t th e wholes u b j e ~ t waS taboo. There were nolegitlmate bypaths to r sidesteppingth e S lo rt ra t ions. Virtually a l lr e s t a ~ a n t s were closed by th e timeLt. B. l e f t in October l as t year.Re heard that th e army was fed wellin th e homeland. He believes tha tmost units in th e f i e ~ d , althoughl iving en tirely o ff th e land, eatbettl!t" than civi l ians do a t home.

The clothing si tuat ion was worse.There were no shoes 01' woolen goods.Vaids or otner personal servantswere not allowed s in ce t he se peoplecould otherwise be i n f ac to r ie s .I'IHAT THE JAPANESE THINK

Lt . B. said he tr ied to l ike th eJapacese but , fo r a few half -exceptions, he could not. They were to ohumorless, too grim. I t was regarded as unseemly, he said , to appearhappy. Smilas we re frown ed upon.Psychological release by gripingwas forbidden by con5eDStlS. Tokyo.and a l l of Japan tna t ne saw. wascold sober with th e war.I t October 1944. well af te r Pa

la u and lforcta i were clearly lo s tand the Philippines obviously imperiled,the Japanese s t i l l believedtha t they could no t lose the w ar.Any 1dea of invading th e UnitedStates or Australia. which weres t i l l popular possibil i t ies in th emiddle of 1943, had disappeared ayear la ter, bu t fa i th in victoryremained.'l'he Japanese fol low th e war geo_graphically. Batt le-l ine maps arepos ted conspicuously in th e townareas. The steady re treats ere .v_

ident aad known to th e people, tb .n.wspapers do not attempt to hideth . . . But this is balanced by th ep.QPle's bel ie t in HQ boz scor .s .

The All ies ar espread thernselv l ' e g a ~ a dvances and a t t r l ~ s thin tha" btl!..t ion is take lOll, ~ r l l l l ~ : ' : ' lments that A . I ! l ~ in ottie c l t ! . ~production P8llkl'lca. haa r S ' - ! . ~no t worry w h e t h ~ l ' 'l'he J ' J l e , e h ' d ~f l e tent fo r t he ir this p e e . k ~ econf'use th e peakOIrll lleteat S';!.th e rope. Wlth the'",And then there 1Lt. B. was f r e Q u e n t ~ the s i ~ lD Day in Europe, tha t tOld, l t no t be c c m p a r e ~ wl th ~ r . a 1 l J e"'lGermans __ althoqh aPln beet:;diers - - dl d no t p o s a : ; e l 1 e ~ t ! : ] .as e sp i r i t . They b theJ!;Jt.th e uniqueness or t h : ' ~ 110 d:t,.'1 l.lof th e method or 1411I1 ~ 1 I l e l b 1 1 l ~interest ing to note t h a ~ ~ ' I t in g was expreSSed bet 1! tit!.a ir attacks were a t t e ~ i : d 5 1 l t r : ~at lcal ly . sntll.

SU5CEPTIBL!:: TO THOUGHr ccmQlLt. B. lent cont1.nletlO1l \0*frequently reported a s u r t l ~ ! : I Ith e Japanese are, by cuatOl alll &rparent ly by temperueIl t, d o c U ~s u sc ep ti bl e t o the rlgorous 'tIlrtlcontrol- program of the S01'e."QrlThe Japanese bel1eve that e t

.3 o ld ie rs a ct as benevolellt l i_to rs in th e occupied eOWltlles IIIthat they are admired ao:I surr_With expressions or gratltu:!eltlth e Asiat ics. Lt . B. 5t1oeklld:Japanese, whom be reprcled astern and liberal_aladed, t::h ira or face-slappiDA lact JaD!l'.expropriation of propert)'lJlr....He r epo rt ed tha t eveD the or"ternized Japanese (SQar: ....play American lIlUSic 50 "behind closed dom) :P:(lQM#Iwa r w it h v ig or and do DoutCOllle. ,...........''ftle1r fa i lure to p e t l l ~t ry to understan4, ; : p l o e t ' _ ~was cc .p le te . Tb'lot1t1 1PfI"'.-,-tot the i r om super Cblt C!lIl1"without SUSp8ctlDl t Of d1SlllI li '5io08dos might r a _ l o a t l ! a f ~th e clalm. Thes' r.. to: ' ttl't i a l ly weI'. r .c ..,...1d... and 01111.. ;"p.ri:\.",t r ines of th e C:;' OGI)bu t a l l of th." L rby th e JapaD

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air intelligence report, v1n15

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