air intelligence report, v1n2, final

8/8/2019 Air Intelligence Report, V1N2, Final

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VOl I M02 IS MARCH 1945

( r I I6 SQUARE MILESOF TOKYO BURN Pag& 12

S IWO-SPRING8OAIlDFOR XXI 8.C. PlIv- 9

O'liTTlE NAGOYA"8EING BUILT PlIge 15

o PEASHOOTER PETESOUNDS OFF PlIge

aestt'1oatlon oanoeUec'l DIUCfrB .0. 5200.9. ef:teotlve 2t aw.::::::.__


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III

_ . . ::

RElAXES PLIGHT PLANS

I t affords an 8llIergenc1 laDin g ground nCl'J. Start led 1Iarinsaw one of our B_29s returning tra mission manage a precariOUS bsuccessful l and ing, t hen r efUel at akeo ff t h er e on " Mareh 'While tbatt le s t i l l raged. several 2have avoided an illlll1Dent di tchiby set t lng down t he re s ln ee . 'libth e Aviation Engineers have finised their work. i t assures us ofga s sta t ion both fo r emergency uand for staging a t t acu with an 1creased bomb load. It ls equaluseful as a r oo st f or rtFtel ' a1c ra f t which are operating tael"e Iin increasing numbers.

Iwo increases th e t 'lexiblli1or oW' f l ight plans. We can useas an assembly o r depar tu re p o i ~Fuel consumption and t1nling facto;can be better estimated as a resu:of advance l as t ..minute weather da'from Iwo. I t make! possiblef l ight plan in which th e e nt ir e r 'tW'n route from t ar ge t t o baseflown i n dayl igh t. thus reduCi!nigh t d i tch ings.

SPRINGBOARtFOR THE XXIBA

DlPROVES COMYUNICATICNSA vast ly extended range in,ications facil i t les el1l111nates_ of our navigational headaches.th e near future we will haveat ing a t two a Vic ro_Wave Early'nlng Si te , a Radio Range, VHFler a nd Lor an Chain. Non-Direc,onal HCllers wil l be insta l led onthree of the Volcano Islandsta Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima and PUnamiJ1Dla).

10 m ai l delivered to

Front- l ine troopsMarine uniforms.

On D plusachutA.

Al l a ge nc ie s o f th e XXI Bomberomend benefi t by th e Iwo ce.mpa1gn.Three hundred pound depth charges, t y p e ~ a t i O n s , Communlcatipns, In te l -

found buried in ground rigged as land mine or enee, Air Sea Rescue, Weatherby t rap . Booster held up by block detonator Photo Reconnaissance are a l -booster with delay t ra in running to Kiska- d1 snowballing th e boost thishand grenade . Fuse delay t ra in about I i fee t 10 X" mi le speck in th e Pacific af ..ds us .Eight hundred pillboxescounted in th e zone or act ion of th eDivision in th e c en te r of th e l ine .

At any point from th e targ!back to home base it wil l be ea!o : c . ' ~ \ ~ - I } to pick up one of our Homers. 01.......- / ta in 8 bearing. or contact t tEnemy antiaircratt projecti les were seen w11 J ground. station or rescue faeUltl lthree.foot parachutes a t 2.000 teet . To each par. '!'he costly operation of taking when anticipating trouble. The!achute "85 suspended by 8. to ur _fo ot c ab le an '*:be rcrtr8ss of 1"0 Jlma is already facUi t ies will also enable us 1jeet two t ee t long whieh spurted stream81's ~ l n g o ft in improved operating re lay constant and accurate Iote:flame. ondltlons fo r our Varlanes-based 11gence from 1_0 back to th e 1!aJ1-29s. 1be toughest feature or XXI lel18s.IOmber Command missions has beenEnemy snipe rs r epor ted conceal ing t h e m s e l ~ e 3,000 mile haul over unfriendlyunder our dead during daylight hours and cOIlillf&tars, unbroken bu t fo r a shor tou t a t night to f i re . .Dtarim over hosti le Japan. Now we.ave a half-way station 627 miles~ t of Saipan, a " f ron t -s igh t" t oPrisoner of war s ta tes tha t ra in wate r tb an ne l our a i rc ra f t to and tromonly enemy source of water and i s stored in dr*rge t s on Honshu.a t each ins ta l la t ion .

8011 of a l l beaches IS volcanic aSh, u te .in g from th e water to Airfie ld No.1 . I t illl oo ll e a nd wi l l not permi t passage ot any typeWheeled vehicle.

ill/!

t ~ Japs booby_trapped Uarlne deadnight with pressu re- re l ease charges .


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Photo bombs also were

On two subsequent missions th e3 l 4 th v iS i te d Nagoya and Wakayamaand the Shizouka Engine P la nt , h i t_t lng these t.argets with a to ta l of25 tons . 'Dle 313th _de a run ODth e coas t west or Osaka, kyushU,HonsbU and 121e ID1aDd Sea. One orthese a1J"crett dropped sU: 5()000pound GPs on 0ka;yam8 lIbich ...e be l ined to bave h i t an 011 storesearea. llucb. or this work done bJboth wt.nss was a t less tbaD usualbClllblng al t i tudes.

th e target .dropped'.On th e 6t h two ai rcraf t of the313th Wing a tt acked the northwest

coas t of f.J\1Shu. taking more than300 pbotos and hit t ing JoJi withfour 500 pounders.

No ai rcraf t was lost to enemyaction or accident although one wasforced to ditch because of a fuelleak. Nine survivors were rescued.Thus, of 2,112 crewmen a i rborne fort he miss ion, only two were lost .rour additional men were woundedseriously and seven s l ight ly . Si xaircraf t suffered bat t le damage.

No enemy aircraft were encountered on th e mission. Flak ra n frommeager to i nt en se , ac cu ra te to in accurate and was mostly bar rage withsome continuous ly pointed and predicted f i re .

11

INAUGURATESNEW TYPE MISSIONEleven aircraf t bombed Ramam-

A new type mission, undertekenf i r s t by th e 314th Wing. was carr ied ou t during th e period. Theprimary object was to obtain radarscope photographs of Japanese t a r gets . In ad dition to taking th es cope pho tos th e B-29s bcmbed th etargets .

The f i r s t Radar Scope Photo1Iiss io n was flown by th e :314 th on4. March. Target was th e 8i tolNAircraf t Plant a t Nagoya. Eighta i rcraf t dropped 39 SOD-pro.nd Dpsan d 24 SOO_pound IBs on th e prilllU"1target and on Yuda. SiX bombed byradar and two viSual ly.The second RSPlf was out th efollowing day agains t th e VUsashinoplant of NakaJlu in Tokyo. TenB-29s partlcipe.ted and etgbt c!ropped13 tons of incendiaries and GPs on

Arriving over th e primary tar_get , crewmen found it socked in andturned onto th e secondary, th e ur_ba n area of Tokyo, which was hi tfrom 159 aircraf t with 979 X 500pound GPs. 82 X 2,OOO-pound OPs and589 X SOD-pound incendiary bombs -a to ta l of 474 tons . Bo:nbing a l t i tudes ranged fro:n 25.000 to 30,000fee t . --

In anticipation of good morn_in g vis ib i l i ty fo r bombing, takeoffwas scheduled fo r 0110. By 0246192 a i rcraf t were airborne -- 114of which were from th e 73rd.

31ffflt

over which r e c o n n a l ~ s a n c e 1sn:;es ~ ~ ~ ; ~ : l ~ m a ~ ~ n ~ b ~ : ! ~ l ! ~ : ~ ~ , r .M" , NIL AGAINST'.formation !rom extensive areas ll t t.(,I"I iCIno .surfe.ce or other reportsbeen ava11ab l e . . MAR H4 5 nLying directly on th e IllOst C. TK..IKEusl route 1l"00. the Marianas toand In an area frequente(l by ~ Tar ge t f or 1.1195100 No. 39 on -'l.tsu, th e target of las t resor t .1wo J1mals constant reports " ; 1 . " ~ "\farch, was th e l.lus8shlno piant. with 34.5 tons. r!U'gets or opportun-one re l i ab le cheek on c o n d l ~ ' Nakajima Aircraft Factory 1n Tokyo . t ty , Shlzuoka, !,':aug, Toyaha, 15_exist ing along th e route. 1, This effor t called fo r th e jo int land and ( )n lya. we re hit with 21participation of th e 73rd and 313th tons by seven ai rcraf t . Fifteen'Nings __ 10 squadrons from th e 73rd failed to banb fo r mechanical reas-and sayen from t he 313 th . ons. There were 177 effective sor.t ies .

The shor ter haul to HonShualso permit our F -13s to remainera l hours l on ge r ove r Japan,compl1shing in one good day'Swhat has taken severa l missionsto unpredictable weather . Tro'some fronts often encounteredtween th e Marianas and Iwowil l no t in ter fere with f lstaged from Ilrc.

ASSISTS PHOTO RECONNAISSANCEFor XXI Photo Reconnaissall6th e picture is equally brl8httIn reconna issance staged frOID Itor l a t er if f l igh ts are based tbrltake orrs can be delayed long af1lth e time required to reach HQ!Ifrom th e Marianas.This delayed departure fratbase much closer to our targets PImits a la te r and mo re accurateport o f wea th er condi t ions antlepated, a factor vi t a l to p h o t ~I t is bound to eliminate apercentage of th e ef fo r t now wanon f l ights which encounter unta"able photographic condit ions.

10

AIDS Am-SEA RESCUEA subsidiary Air-Sea RescueUnit is a lr ea dy o pe ra ti ng a t IwoJ1lJla. Three search planes arebased there now and more are on th eway. Routine daily searches ar enO'i'l' conducte d f rom th e Marianasclear to th e J ap mainland.A l ifeguard destroyer has re cently been placed on stat ion northof Iwo &s a permanent fac i l i ty toai d in rescue o f d it ch ed B-29 crews.Heretofore. th e only permanent rescue agency we could provide northof Iwo ...as the rescue SUb. which", i l l continue to fun cti on t oo.Crews dLtched in J ap wat er s can nowhave fighter protection un ti l re scued.The area between 1'11'0 and Japanwill be increasingly active withboth f r iendly ves se l s and ai rcraf t ,greatly enhancing chances o f s ig ht _ing am rescue. Further carr ierstr ikes against Honshu wil l be f requent. XXI Bomber C o m m a ~ d crewswill be briefed on locations ofthese friendly forces and how tocontact them i f in dis t r e ss .PILLS WEATHm OAT A GAPS

1110 J1ma l ies in th e centralarea of a vast oceanic expanse whereheretofore no su rf ace repo r ts havebeen available. The instal lat ionof upper wind and upper a ir sound_in.g equipment and reports therefromwill p:rove an important l ink in th echain of weather information neces_sary to forecas t weather accurately,To date . weather reconnaissance Iwo Jima is bound to be aha s been limited to th e radius of seat fo r some time to cOlDe, ~ action of B.29s from Guam or Saipan. far as the XXI Bomber COlllllaThe use of Iwo Jille as a staging concerned, i t ' s a mighty val'b as e f or t hi s e ff or t w il l increase b it of rea l estate poking outby roughly 600 mUes the radius th e Pacific half way to our tar,~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ 1 f ( j J A~ .., - """~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \, = ~ _ .


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~

- the morning after lThil i l Tokyo . - I . leen by a 'r d P h o ~ o Reconnaileance Squadroncaoon on tho IIlOming of 10 March, I b o u ~ 12 houri . t te r the city Vie

b O l ' l l b e ~ by 2'" 8-29' of the nrd , ' l ' t h and ' l ~ t h 80l11bardlllont. Willf;'.The l ight gray area., enololed by black linee, Ir e charredruine. Thoro aro 16.7 .quare ailoe ot thea - - ~ l , l , o . O O O equaro

teot .Flape e t a r t . 1 ~ northo"t. or \he palao.. (center and lCllfor rightin t.he photogrlph) vere Iprlld by a qo knot ...1Dd whioh tanned t.hftlout.hward t h r ~ h th e city. LI.. t.hlln l' percent o r tho No. I In oendilry lOne r_ . in l et&nUn,r;. 1!00utifuU

CREWS REPORTFrom th e crews themselvesmuch more d rama ti c a ccount s o fmission of Jap searchl1ghts s'ning t he su rf ace of th e oceaning to pick up th e early planet,of thermals ove r' th e burningwhich tossed the heavy bombersthousand feet higher of namesSmoke roaring d01ln through th e

ge t area, f an ned by 40 knot wiAt least one crew was so de'mined to h it th e primary thatter getting los t i t went backto se a and came in again. Theyported a bad time trying toback into th e " traf f ic pa tand final ly turned on landing 11,before they made i t ,

The figures used 1n thiSport ar e no t f inal, especial lyaircraf t losses. Based on prel:nary reports . 12 aircraft were ra:ing or los t . Cne is believedhave been los t over th e target .four Which ditched, 40 of thecrew members have been rese' 1M Seven other aircraf t are miss ins" l ~ . ~ __ ~

REPORTS FROM WINGSI This was th e main portiOQth e prel1minary repor t . Frolllwings came addit ional de tai l s .

'l'tle 73rd go t 138 of theirover th e target . Eight d r o p ~targets of opportunity and 15non-effective. One aircraftbelieved to have gO,ne down Overtarget . '1'his was th e f i r s t 1l'1ncover Tokyo.The 3l3th had 1 10 airb orne95 over th e primary. Three ditcEight bombed other ta rgets .

\The 314th, l a s t over theget , had th e roughest time.nine of 54 reached th e target .

bombed another target. One d1ed , and seven other aircraf tmissing.

'0

16 SQUARE M I L E S . ~ o &

AfteJ' prel1ll11nary tabulations,tlere 15 the report which went 1n tolVashlngtoll:Two hundred eighty five air craft bombed the primary target byradar and visually through one toseven t e n ~ h s clouds from 5,000 to9,000 fee::. They dropped. 3,663X69-pOUlld tncendlary b o ~ b s and 8,556X 333t-pound incendiary bombs _ atotel or 1,554 tons.Results on the primary targetwere excellent. (For confirmationsee th e next page.) Smoke rose to16,000 feet and general conflagra_tion wes reported. Fires were seen150 miles f ra ll th e city.Twenty Six aircraft returnedearly . Seventeen B-295 baabedChoisni P ~ i n t . r ~ t s u o r a . Kasucigau_ra Airfield, Chichi Jima, HahaJime, Hachijo Jima end from land_fa l l to Tokyo. Fires later werereported at most of these targets.Flak was l1gh t to heavy, meager to intsnse and accurate to in accurate. Enemy air OPposition wassl1ght. Searchl1ghts picked upcost of tle a ir cr af t at landfalland carrisd them over the target.Some rock!ts were reported over th etarget area and b ar rage b al lo on sware obse.rved ahead and to theright o f the cou rs e.

The 1I1s!l1on we ! No. 40. Thetarget: 1okyo. The intention: Toburn down as much as possible ofTokyo'S l11dustrlal and urban area.Sy 2018 hours on t he n ight of9 Uarch. 325 B_295 of the XXI Bom-ber Commattd were airborne to do the

Job - . 161 trom th e 73rd ~ ' l l n g . 110from th e 313th and 54 from the3!4th. 411 carried ful l loeds otI Ibcendlarles 1n 8 1 ~ e b l e clusters -about five tons per aircraft .

In 8:'1 ways i t was the biggest, and boldest str ike the Bomber Com-, mand hed attempted.REPORT TO \'/ASHINCTON

_ ~


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_=

alrcraft or all 'cratt parts plantsreported here ar e thought to becoaverted spinning mills.P'EEDm:t pWf1'S

I n th re e or these towns therear e 1l11lS belonging to the 'lurashlkl spinn1ns c o ~ p a R 1 . a concern'Which recently obtained a llcenseto .nt.,. th e aircraft industry und er th e nue of 'lurashik1 AircraftCoapaDl.

About three aDd one-balt m.Ies. a s t of ' l ' . . ,h1ma aa4 jus t south oftbe 'I11la&' of 'l'suruhlll&, th e Itt.subishi Ab"oratt Co.paD)" ha l bUUt larSe plADt ('l'aI'g.t Bo. 90.27U81 _ th e 111tlub1Jbi Aircraft CoapaOl, ' l 'uUb1aa Pleat). PrisODlll'Sof war &Dd otbU' t nte l1 1g ea c. I nt t l . pu t b an indlcated that eDstaal fo r the planes - .nutactur.dhere han been Md' a t IltsublShi'S.....t ensine plant a t IapJa ('l'Vget90.20-15).

18

",

TAMASHIMA AREAMAY BECOME ALI TT LE "NAGOYA"On th e southwest portion ofHonshU Island. about haltway be .

tween Kobe and KUre on th e InlendSee. evidence points to th e development or a new aircraft manufacturing center.

This area 111 in th e viclnlt , .of Okayama. a city which had a population or 163.000 1n 1940. Itc.nters aore exac t ly on th e vil-lases or TamaShiO'la, Tsuruhtraa,!l .Uruhik1 and Hayashll1&. The f i r s ttwo ar e on th e seacoa.t at th eaouth of the TakahaShi Ri.,."', 15mil es s out hea st or OkaJlUI&. Thesecond two 11e inland . . . . .n 02'eight 1D11es towards Okarama The area hu beaD known In thepast as a t en1le cent.,., and withone 11'IIportant 1al0Wll uo.ptiOO, the

NEW MAJOR JAP PLANE PRODUCTION CENUR? "" J

" , , ~ " C I I I ~ , , ~ .

QUALITYOVERAGE

des'Qooyer and one bf Dumbo.Vission No. 264 was forced dltch on the night of 7 Februar.after a SUccessful ru n on "akld,The survivors were soon spotteda destroyer 160 m11es frOID SatpaDf'Eight men were picked uP. butdied on board th e destroyer.To th e lOth or March. B_84s _ ,th e 655th Weather Squadron bidmade five runs to areas south or t i l l

Varianas to pick up weather Wen-matton and observe signs or en"actiVity.14

AREA

27 FEB. THROUGH 10MAR.

; : J ~COVERAGE OF THE WEEK,DATE

:5PR5KS8 27 re b 45 Tok;ro-1I1to 6" and 40 IGood5159 27 Peb 45 OSo"" 6",24 ,40 Good to ExcelleuSliGO 27 feb 45 Takasak1 6 ,24" ,40 Goodel61 27 Feb 45 Tokyo No Photography-tlechan. TrOUbleIllf" 27 Feb 45 Nanse! Sb.oto 6" and 40 \ Excellent'063 27 Feb 45 Nanse! Shoto 6",24",40" Good'0 " 2 liar 45 Nagoya No Photography-Cloud COV8rS8'5.65 2 Mar 45 Nansel Shoto No Photography-Claud C o v e r a ~9" 4 Ilar 45 Tokyo Abortive-No PhotographySI67 6 liar 45 RaMel Shoto No Photography-ClouCl Coveraaeme 7 liar 45 Toqo Abortive-No Photography. . .9 8 Mar 45 Tokyo-lzu 6",04",40" Good""'. 8 liar 45 He.mamatzu 6" ,24 ,40" Poor to Fair9'11 8 l iar 45 Okayama-Nl1hama_ 6 ,24",40 Poor to Goodme ~ l l b u8 ) fa r 45 Toqo_1I1to 6 ,24 ,40 Excellent""'. 9 Ilar 45 Bagoya-Shlzuoko 6R ,24-R ,40- Excellent.Ir,. 9 la r 45 ~ s b u E a s t ~ l U r u m a ~ 6 ,24- ,40 Poor to GoodShilDonosek1."', 10 1llU" 45 Bhilllonosek1_Xure ( Ie proeess ln t U ~ . t e r _ i n e 4 )9'1 ' 10 l iar 415 ' toqo 6R ,24- ,40 J cel len tThirty ooe tilDes since e? P'eb_ruary, 3-29s ba.e been over the JaphOlleland and enviroM on weatherstrlke millSionll. On almo:!lt halt ofthese _taslons (14) bOlllbs were drop_ped. A total or 35 ; tOM were re_leased Of! r.ora, lIlnato, Nabe. Air_drCllllI, lanoya Airdrolll6, Osaka, Veda.'lobe, IfObeaka, Tokyo. Sumura. Uakldend aD UIHJIll.t1tied coastal city.1"11'0 of the weather strike m1!_sion . i reraft ta1led t o r et ur n. On28 'ebru&ry Mission No. 238 wasforced to ditch. On 2 Varch nineSUM'horl WVI rllcued __ eight by

ulSSlON

IWEATHER 8.195 OUT THIRTY ONE TIMES

I.MI" g - ,..,


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17

Uitsub1ahi's new aircraft plant a t T a m u h 1 J l ~was 7!5 percent cOlipleted and alJoeadJ in pro-duction CD 8 Dee_her 1944 'llbea th1a XXI B.C.reconnaissance photo was taken. (Jbotol takensince sh.ClW construetlcn near1ns c.:apleticn.)

Upon completion, th e Ta,plant is expected to have4,000.000 square t ee t or roof c'age, an area comparing rev,witb th e larger a1r!'rame malTuring-assembly priority target l ,As other 1l!1portant Japcrat t manutacturing centers arestrayed. or dalll8.ged, and as tb eteel th e need or more and b'baabers t o a tta ck Allied bases

ting ever nearer to th e hOlD'landa. IIlt5ubisbi a t TamashDatb e surrounding ~ t e e d e r " Caltake on 1ncreaaing targettenee.

TAMASHDlA PLANT SPOtTEDThe r i r s t photography otsubishi 's Tamashtma plant (8 Deelconttrlled no t only th e reported Iutence or th e ractory, but .:th e tact that although i t WlU 0:only 75 percent completed, it Iready .a s in production, anden tly concen tr a ting on th e tilengined bomber ~ B e t t y " .Later photography (16 Peb tshowed that one bui lding which Ij u st s t ar t ed , was about 50 Ptl1'Olcompleted two months l a te r . rin th e accompanying photo takqth e t1lll.e or th e ear l ie r recoIlllllsance and reproduced here b e .

i t is clearer than th e l a te r pbIIgraph. )Building "B" cOI'15Uted iacnber only of girders, bu tcompleted by February.Building "e" showed a l m ~ tprogress, b ut a t ~ D and "E"or small buildings had beenDisruptive camouflage paint ap:on the bu ild ings a t ~ F ~ .LOORS LIKE BIG P R O J ~ T

16

Cer ta in ly the existence otthese tactorie, suggest, the devel OplMot ot an expanding parts andc ~ p o n . n t l lub_contracting systemteedla:.g tnto t t l . Tamashlma assembly11na. tllt;subishl Is no t the onlya11'craft COIIlpal:lJf whose name 15linked with th is general area byprlso11ers ot war and other groundIntorutlon. Tachlkawa Is 'aId tohaY. I ractory at Fuku3h1ma,and Ra-"8111,h1 to have another at P'Uku1ama.sOllIe EO m11es to the 'tIl'ut.

It 1s quite possible t ha t Vlt sublahl now awnl 01' 15 interestedin the Dewly created KUrashlkl Aircraft CompaD1 I and that parts andperhaps easlnes ar e planned to beproduced In the vicini ty. Thiswould .au t he a rea a self c o n ~aircraft production center , s iml la r~ 1 10118 measure to Nagoya, In th eheart or the well_detended InlandSea.

Photograpbs taken Ie d8'Sa t t e r the 73rd Wing s t r ike ot19 January on the Kawasaki, Air_cr&tt COllpan:r plant at Akashi(tarStlt 1547) shOWed that about12 percent ot th e damaged rootarea bad been repaired,

No d ~ g e d major buildingshad be tn re pa ir ed completelyand the:oe WlUl no tlTi4ence thatthe p l a ~ t waa operational.Thirty tin ot the 47 air_craft sten On the t ield on im_lIediate poat-strike photographshad not been .ovett, indicatingt h a ~ thtse 35 had been damaged

by b o ~ b s or ware incomplete atthe time ot the . tr ike.

2 1)IIMl/fiE TO'YttI


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- "hOWing th e relationship be tween th e number of en8::llY ai rcraf tattacks sustained by 8-295 O'9'erHonshu and th e time and sequence at5-295 over th e target. These stUdie s show a concentration of e ~ attacks at and near bombs away to r14l1issions. There appears to be arelationship between the number orattack3 received l!ll1d th e t1.llle elapsedbetween f1rs t and last bO:llbs away.there appears to be no relation be .tween the QU::llber of attacks receivedby th e respective e o ~ b a t units andthe sequence 1n Which they fIe.over th e target.

19

s OF TIlE ATTACKSAND THE TIME ELEMENT76

96

56H

8095

5050

"

92MfN.180AtIN.

136M1N.89MIN

E'OIJed time !%of., [,%oMOV[R TAlWlT ~ _ 1 i . t t a b

\ _ ~ - ~

)100/

IMEof .1I.ttock. by E/Aof our BOMBS AWAY!lJ TIME

0400070004480620

03220538Olli0708A>HS: '71012 130-14 1f.-17t819 20 22-2+26 2.9.

data above and th e ohart below _hoW the dlatr lbutlon of enemy aircraf t s t - from tLme or ftr.t boebe away to time ~ Ieet bombs away on 14 combatlone. ~ o u r time intervale bave bean oho.en to provide a comparatlT8 atudJ

This reconnaissance photograph of Tokyo was taken on 27 Feb ..rury 1945, two days atter the XXI BomCom'S f i r s t t b r e e ~ " l ~s ~ r l k e . 169 X 500 GPs and 2,049 X 500 IBs ."ere dropped by radarOJ the primary (Tokyo urban area). The b lack pa t te rn or dSllla,CluSed by t hi s s tr ike I s accentuated In the p ho to gr ap h b y t ~ llght snow tall on surrounding areas.

The major portion of the dSlll8ge 15 In t he den se ly populateds ect ion o r the city between th e northeas t corner or th e IllIp8r1ll.1Palace area CA). and the west bank of the Sumlde River 1n th e Vi ..cln1tr ot the Royogoku Bridge (B) . Scattered burned_out areas orconsiderable size are visible In l:I8ny parts of th e ci ty.The total aree damaged is epprOJl:1metely 28,000.000 squarefeet.


8/10

Nec ess ar il y, an a l l ~ p e r V 6 d i n gatmosphere or hypocriSy is created.Even higher cOllllD&nds lIl&y be d e c e i v ~ad by lower. Th1s procedure causesl i t t l e apparent damage in victory;in dereat i t he1ghtans existinastra ins

tn e drillDri f t Illd

o

2. Record 'Cne reSUlt.such as shown i n f ig ur e,,3. Compu te Ground SPetdfor the seven COUrses !IIfrom the fOI'llIUla:

o

torsbova

form

the sama time readeach course or f the

4. Obtain th e GroundFactors and Drif ts fo r th eil18 f tv e cou rs es by th e use ormetry. (For two courses maltlresame angle with th e wInd dlreetth e Ground Speed Factors aDdDrifts will be th e same.)", ' .,

Ground Speed Factor : Flakputer Speed : actual grOUnd S'

The Japanese, as a race. areRESULTS .100al1y unstable. Not sInceJ have they fe l t a t ease in th eThe grOUnd speeds and CIlI.d. Their humorle!S fanat1clSIlas reM off th e computer are:IDe aspect or a lack or propor.corded 1n fIgure 7. I inherent in th e fantasies c o n ~ling their or1gin and IDiSs10D,The Ground Speed FactCl'lI 'Il"hlch they have been 1 n d o c t r l ~tabUlated In Table 1. . ..,.

Set th e DrlL' t ' Ind1ca_~ p ~ ~ ; A ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ 1 ~ ~,

Flak eanputer speedA c t u a ~ TAS\nnd

1. Using th e computer:

b . Sl.i,.de th e Wind f peedSUde dO'm unt i l ISO on t,he, Wind.Speed s:ale coincides with the901nt 1 en th e Ground Speoo. flate.

c . Swlna th e True Air/Speed Arm around unti l the point Hl ies 11'1 s u c c ~ s S 1 o n ClD. .Unes LK, LQ,LP. LO, W. u:. and lJ t and read of ron Mch Hne th e Ground Speed. At

a.to r so thatwith 300 onscale.

250 J ~ P H300 MPH150 I.!PRfrom 00

To htermlne th e Ground SpeedFactors !Uld D r 1 1 ' t ~ on the 12 coursesto the target.

The procedure 1s 1l1ustntedby th e following example:EXAMPLE

I IN USIN61CI

A further consequence or thisaspect ot Japanese psychology is apersistent inabil i ty to understandother peoples. In dealing w it h t henationals ot conquered areas thisblind spot ba s had serious conse-quenees. Even elements whicb oris-inally welcomed. Japanese oceupat lonare a l iena ted by th e d1aregard otindividual r1ghts aDd personal d1&n it y c ba ra ct er is ti c or JapllaeseUeatlll8nt.

A srapblc il1uatrat.1oa or situation tbUS c re ah d i s aftordedby excerpts trOfll a le t te r b7 a n.upino to the Cc.an41ac QeMl"al ofth e JapaM8e AI'-., (toUCIIf1DI pase).The Japaoea. selt-ZOl&bteOQlDU'their bel l . t that dlYlne descentcent8l'S 1Ilt'a111bUlty, 1. "t lee tedin tne altera tion of "Unlawtul Con( I ~ c t - to -Dtacipl1lU1- In th e t i t l e .

89

e Japanese leaders have in -ed th e !lves or th e people onpremises conceroins their 01'_sp i r i t and place in the world

!h e resul t is a leck of thatot p ro po rtion , o f balance.operates as a steadying tac.10 th e conduct of modern wareven IDOl'e 1JIlportant. In th e. s t u l occupation ot conquered, torles.

DEPARTURE FRCII REALITY

CourS!0 1 ."30 0 aM 3300 1.&960 3000 1.8990 0 e7 00 0.9&1200 0 2400 0.'3],500 " 210 0 0.60laoo 0.&8

The completeness or JapanaselII1'at1on, th e f1rmness of theirDtrinatlon that they are a d l.r ~ r a c e wag ing a holy war, is anr- ..... -h - -_ late source or streD8th fOl'. - mpose or conquest. In th erun i t is potentIal ly a weak.

THU80VE RESUlTS AREfItCH SUDE RULE A((UR

120'".J4SMIlH26"OAlf,ISo4l0MPHI'"DRIFT

,.,157 MPHIS'ORIFT

bO"195MPH2fl'OOlFT90'''''"'''O'DRlrJ

15bl1PH'J'

IIREc110NOFWIND180"450/'lPHO'ORlfT

"0"

~ ' O " ~300'

24..

270

.'


9/10

hun0, , " ,evi-

or "'enotebooksthe bestA general s tudyd r e ~ s of diaries andin Allied b a n ~ s 1.s~ e n c e of this lack.

These diaries express maDJ' emotions - exultation, rage, deter_mination, despa1J ' _ bu t no ra y orbw:aor creeps in . This incapacityto rec ognin th e ludicrous makespossible sucb ~ s p 1 r i t u a l exercisesas are here i l lustrated:

~ t . I . I - U l r ~ ~ ROtod.l', c!IIted' 1t Jec ta_ t llrII11r'ro ~ 1 1 l . ~ , . 194.~ _ o _ Ul . 1 J ' r i . 1 t : " ~ f t : ~ d_ t l'Uet1aQo.oq b 'en de.e1c1 t,.Oop. I tth , t'011001'1zIc : : _ ~ t ber-.r te, .t101:1 ~ l . l be - ot ~ P " " e , .Ilrllt 1'111 " "e1t ,' -f t0 7' er d. t 4ebI:all., ~ Q . 1 ! l C .. n 1'011ot b.. tt a. . . . llQ:f.. 1l1Ibt, Gil at-.,.,.,..-hoGl:Ilc!lU". G'1"&1JI, ClQe GJ' botta ~ ! t i l , .. ,t ' ~ ' - c I aIJcI _ . to tb j' ~ t 1 Q a " bello. ~ t r. . . . 1I01U0.. . h ~ l . l Ute

..,...... . 111 acI4ttiGa &be,,_. . . . . .Il t - '1 '"40 tt " _ ail-....looat '.r..t t'o.1lGf lib ot l. . . ~ 401 t l , . lIJ'Iu ~ U : t 'W'-uJ

t I J e - ~ _ t a t e a ....,taoO.j or . -. a " ~ . . .to cut ' ~ t c b t : ~ . . . ! ! ~ ~ o t .. _ IIl!ao.tt:: 'Cat: . . . ._ . . . . .- ...., .

~ r }, .....1b1. l&ek of persrt 'ctive, of asense of proportion, is turther ex_emplified in th e humorlessnesscharacter is t ic of many Japanese,This t r a i t also plays a part in th ebrutal treatment inflicted by Japenese on conquered peoples. TI::le t en si on o f war seellS toincrease this bumorlessness. Inpeacet1me, th e knock.about buffoon_er y of tbe l o" er c la ss lllU!Iic ballswas a favorite recreation of manyJapanese. But when war comes inth e door humor goes out tb e windowfo r the lfuration.

BRUTALITY

In hi s op1nion th e Japanese'. e"illlt1ls in human form. The1J'iple of ruling sub3ugated, tr ies by ter ror , threat andture is enacted to an extreme:1'"_

-The civi l ian populatiOns ofaupied count ri es a re rull , . ae of th e s ha ll owne ss o f h ighaunding phras.s such as 'Asia'or th e Asiat ics ' , 'Co_prosper_1ty Sphere' . They r ea ll ze t ha tithe Japanese propaganda isi t abe , a n ar e only awaitinsIthe opportunity to riSe ap ln s t~ h e 1 r oppressors. -

Similar testimony from a well_l1ucated Indian captain, a medioalt r icer captured a t Singapore, ~ u s -ains t he t heor y that th e Japaneseannot comprehend the reaotion Jfl1en peoples to th e brutal i tybich t hey rega rd as a normal ex~ s s i o n of dominance.

~ N o t only are we Filipinosunable to secure protect ion or The informsU fe en' property a ' pro.ise' arkation of D u ~ h 'etched th e e. _fr"'" th e Jep,ne,e ,oldier, . bu', 0"" of the. vOlun,'eti.e troops,on th e contrery, . e receive 0 f ight , ide by ",..ei " ,""o.erecruel end ,evage puni 'h.en' , ..,e . th t he J ep -The greater par t of th e Filipino ~ - - : : - - - - - - - - - - - - ~families are s t i l l in hiding inth e .ountein' to e,cepe tho "Nine hu . . icorpore1 puni 'h.ent . e te ' "'. 'o lO 1e " or nO,,:;'" Heiho" (,ub-by Jepene,e soldier, . . , berka' on t he ppe t troop,) e. _nformaDt TIlsace ship as th e

~ T h e farmers have been COD- families h a a:;:- womenfolk aDdpelled to vi , i t Army Ree,qu'" the. off, but . : :b1e, to seeters flve t i . e ' in one 'e y to t o , pe ek . W"",en ..:;ot all,,","",o l lect the!.r .oney fro, tilt 0 '0 '0 .ere beet0 e"e.pted,e1e. If th e rormer, t i r in , ~ i he" , 10 the, t ar o o ~ :d ",drepeated t r ips to "my Re'. i ep en e, e, ,",,0 .ere en y " ' .quorters, 'hould que,tion . . 0 thi , by the" o r f i , e ; ~ ~ " ' "officer in charge as to ti"ll$ * .peyment, th e off i , e r . i11 , r ,ablY slap his face, kicK ad Th,tamP on him. ;Z it e informant remarked. was th e ser i that"With th e exception of n--e Japanese to obous 1ntention ofia l d i s e r ~ ~ i n a t i o n , being r U ~ i s t a o c e of D u t c ~ a i n th e willingby America " as p le as an t; th eb inhuman methodsnative 'troops,ne t s imple , it was alsO eas1 iv e to th i s . were no t co n-"'ndure. C o n t ~ o l by Japan IeXisted no l.,nger than flmonths ano. from experience,is extremely harsh. Not 1dogs and caraboa shouldt re e ted so.

"Upon recollect ion ofexperience, we canno t he lPc l u ~ i n g that th e Japanes 'of 3ustice is based on inand brutal punishment

"Unlawful Conduct" "a s c r ~ s s e d O\1tOn the original ~ o c u m e n tDiscipline" wri tt en i n.

-The former rulers of th eFilipinos. the Americans, evenat the time of th e wer " i th America in 1900_1901, positively

; : 1 J j ' : % D U ' / ~ C T OF IMPERIAl TROOPSU N l ~ W F INU ~ i no t commit such cruel acts

' I am .",nld'Ul that the Ja - In th e event t he Fil1pino, , " ' :enese" '" hSS orrive ' in the . i t t e ' e '" outr""e ' , th e ,ourt," , i l l " in ' I"en" for t he pur - tM n decreed e puniShment tn,ose of t reeing the Filipino' f i t tM , r i . e There . e ' no

fro' thO oOO'e"ive en ' ",ts- oc,.. ion fo r ' ! . rect bO'llY pun.toriel QCe,on partY oe.ber' , e- iSh.ent or fo r , t r i k ing ' i t hl " t e ' b, un1e.ru1 . ea" ." bore f iS" or ""ing kicke' .mi i1 i t

boots -'n'\es! facts, the s III at yin race and the friendlY relations bet'tfeen Japan and th ePhiliPpines encourage the Fi l i -pinos t , support and aid Japanin the "ar against Britain and

America,"Bu', t he b eh av io r of th eJapanele ~ m and people is de plorable and interferes withthe a ~ o p t i o n of such a naturaland cClllllllendable at t i tude by th eFilipinos . . ,-For your Excellency'S reference, I shall narrate examplesof tbe violence and cruelty of

Jap6]ese troops."Filipinos have had theirfaces slaPped and have beenkic1red and stamped on unt i l un concious, because they d id no tsalute 'll'hen ordered. Uany Fil ipinos have been tied to postsand exposed to the heat, without f ood, b ec au se of similar

m15takes."Other Filipinos, because o fsnall errars, have had theirhaoos tied behind their backsby the thumbs with thin cord} ~ haIe been exposed to heath r a ong t h e . Such incidentsave occurred repeatedly.


10/10

-Inferiority feelings (-so-called complex) arise 1n1nd ivHlu al a s a resu l t ofdiscrepancy between p o t e n t 1 l ~t1es and achievement, that blthe 'discrepancy betweenflown ambition and comparattly poor real i ty.~ T h i s conflict continuddevelop because th e degrllanxiety generated becomelbearable, and as a remedyindiVidual proceeds to indin fantasy, which he adoptsSubstitutes tor attainable _Thus he passes from fee!1ngSinferiority to grandiose id'

or his own importance, whicbti me he is unable to d 1 s t ~ . 'trom real i ty. - (From ATIS Isearch Report No. 76)

An authoritative stateme1l\~ i n r e r i o r i t y feelings" made bJCol. Robert B. lUtchell , aMIStates ArIllY Medical Corps, Execd:Officer, 42nd General Hospl1l ends weight to this theory:

JAPs mEAD RIDICULEIt the Japanese seldom gea.uill817 laUih they dread beinghUShed at. Their fear or ridiculeis ODe of the llIost pOWerful con.trols in ....eryday conduct and inpublic attairs. Japanese childrenV t bo t reprimanded with an up la .

11&t100. that their act 15 morallyWl'C'D&. They ar e warned ~ I YOU dotbt" you. Will be laughed a t . ~S1mUarly, i n r .qda l times, aS&lNraill'Ol11d pledge hi s honor withthe apr.sUon: ~ l I faU. YOU

afI! 1&u&h at me in p u b l i c . ~Jepane'e dignity is hypersen.l 1 ~ b fOUnded upon an interiOrityCOl.plu:. The s..eu. discrepancy

. between their concept or tb'Q6 89 ~ e s c e n ( l e d frOID th e G ~ : : "opinion of other peoPles~ ' \ . . . " . point, has made them at o n e e ~ li/ I t _ ~ \ ~ _ and aggressive. ,. .... INFERIORTIY CCIolPLD;

') Consciousness ot anCiento!J rmrlng from Chine. of nearlrelement of their CUlture ...mo

air intelligence report, v1n2, final

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