alcohol & smoking shmd 349 17/04/2012. smoking statistics 2
TRANSCRIPT
Alcohol &
Smoking
SHMD 34917/04/2012
Smoking Statistics2
SMOKING
SMOKING can cause DISEASE & lead to DEATH
• Smokers have a much higher risk of suffering from a
variety of cancers, cardiovascular disease & chronic lung
diseases
– 90% of people suffering from lung cancer have the disease
because they smoke or have smoked
– You are 4x more likely to contract mouth cancer if you smoke
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Chemicals in Cigarettes
Chemicals in cigarettes
TAR Can cause
cancer
NICOTINEAddictive
substance & increases
cholesterol levels
CARBON MONOXIDE
Reduces oxygen levels in the body
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Cardiovascular Disease
• Main cause of death in smokers
• Excess cholesterol produced from smoking narrows the blood vessels
• Thus blood clots are more likely to form and cause a blockage in the:
– Coronary blood vessels which will lead to a heart attack (30% of heart attacks are due to smoking)
– Brain which could lead to stroke
– Kidneys, which could result in kidney failure; or
– Legs, which can lead to gangrene, for which the main treatment is amputation
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Chronic Lung Disease
The following diseases are more prevalent in smokers:
Emphysema:
A disease that causes breathlessness due to damaged alveoli
Bronchitis:
Makes the person cough excessively because of increased mucus
production in the lungs
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Other Smoking-Related Health Risks
• Smoking can be detrimental to your health in a variety of other ways. A
person who smokes may suffer from the following:
• High blood pressure
• Fertility problems
• Eye problems
• Discoloured teeth & gums
• Mouth ulcers
• Skin more prone to wrinkles
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Smoking & ExerciseSmoking:
High levels of carbon monoxide reduce the amount of oxygen absorbed into the
blood from the lungs, thus reduces the amount of oxygen released from blood into
the muscles
Smoke inhalation immediately increases airway resistance, thus decreasing the
amount of oxygen absorbed into the blood
Increases heart rate for a given level of exercises
Lowers physical endurance, thus reducing fitness
Puts double strain on your heart, blood vessels, blood pressure, & heart rate
Individuals who smoke are less likely to continue with exercise
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Recommendations• 20 Minutes After Quitting
Blood pressure & heart rate decreases.• 8 Hours After Quitting
Damage caused by carbon monoxide starts to reverse as the carbon monoxide level in the blood decreases to normal, & allows for an increase in blood oxygen level, back to normal levels.
• 24 Hours After QuittingRisk of having a heart attack decreases & your body is getting rid of the nicotine.
• 2 Days After QuittingNerve endings start to re-grow & ability to taste and smell are enhanced.
• 4 Days After QuittingAbility to smell & taste improves dramatically & breathing becomes easier.
• 7 days After QuittingThe good effects of not smoking start to show: your teeth become brighter & you smell better. 9
Recommendations• 2 Weeks to 3 Months After Quitting• Circulation improves, walking becomes easier.• Phlegm production decreases, lungs become cleaner which reduces risk of
infection.• Several Months After Quitting (1-9 Months)• Significant improvement in lung function.• There is a decrease in coughs, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath.• Energy levels are greatly increased.• 1 Year After Quitting• Risk of coronary heart disease & heart attack is reduced by half.• The risk of getting cancer is greatly reduced.• 5+ Years After Quitting• Risk of having a stroke returns to that of a non-smoker.• 10 Years After Quitting• Risk of developing lung cancer drops, but remains higher than in people who have
never smoked.• 15 Years After Quitting• Risk of coronary heart disease & heart attack is similar to that of people who have
never smoked. 10
Alcohol• The following shocking statistics give an indication of the impact of being under the
influence of alcohol in the South African society:
• Six out of ten drivers that dies in accidents have dangerously high alcohol levels in
their blood.
• 3000 Adult pedestrians are killed in motor accidents per year. 70% of them are
drunk when killed.
• When you are on the road at night, one out of every seven drivers sharing the road
with you, is drunk.
• When you take a single drink your chances of causing an accident doubles.
• It is the third leading cause of death in the USA.11
This is what happens when you are drunk!!
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This is what happens when you are drunk!!
This is what happens when you are drunk!!
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Recommended Daily Intake
• Women – no more than 2 units a day
• Men – no more than 3 units per day
• 500ml beer = 3 units
• 250ml wine = 3½ units
• It takes the adult body 1 hour
to get rid off 1 unit of alcohol
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Effects of Alcohol on the body
• Alcohol affects the brain so that it:
– Compromises judgment & suppresses inhibitions
– Decreases physical coordination & sense of balance
– Blurs vision & slurs speech
• Excessive drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning, which can lead to
unconsciousness, coma & death
• Vomiting while unconscious can lead to suffocation
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Diseases Associated with Excess Alcohol Consumption
• Increase the likelihood of getting diseases such as:
– Cirrhosis of the liver
– High blood pressure
– Strokes
– Depression
– Cancer – mouth, oesophagus, liver, bowel, breast
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Alcohol & Exercise
Alcohol affects carbohydrate metabolism, thus there is insufficient glucose
available for the hungry muscles.
During rest, muscles should be filling its glycogen stores, however alcohol
causes the muscles to increase glycogen breakdown. This is due to the
lower amounts of blood glucose and the body trying to regulate blood sugar
levels. This is a major interference with muscle recovery.
Reduced glycogen stores reduces exercise intensity and decreases time to
exhaustion during the next workout.
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Revision Questions1. What are the 3 chemicals found in cigarettes and how do they affect the body?
62. Name the 2 diseases more prevalent in smokers and give a brief explanation of
each. 43. Name 5 other smoking-related health risks. 54. How does smoking affect exercise? 105. How many years does it take for the full negative effects of smoking to be
reversed? 16. What is the recommended daily intake of alcohol for men and women? 27. How does alcohol affect the brain? 38. Name 4 diseases associated with alcohol abuse. 49. How does alcohol affect recovery from exercise? 8
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