Amendment 11-27

Abolishing Slavery

• The 13th Amendment– “Neither slave nor involuntary servitude…shall

exist within the US”• Outlawed slavery in the US

– The Dred Scott Decision• Supreme Court declared that he was property because

he was a slave

– Amendment was ratified in 1865• Overturned the Dred Scott decision

Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection

The 14th Amendment(1868)Citizenship meaning• “All persons born or

naturalized in the US, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the US”• Provides citizenship for

all people born or naturalized in the US

Due Process• “…nor shall any State

deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”• Prevents states from

denying life, liberty, or property without due process

Equal Protection• “…nor deny to any person

within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”• Ensures all people are

treated equally under the law

Voting Rights for African American Men

• The 15th Amendment, 1870– “The right of citizens in the US to vote shall not be

denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”• Voting rights for African American Men

– States set rules for voting• Rules can’t exclude on racial grounds• Poll taxes and literacy tests

Women’s Suffrage

• The 19th Amendment,1920– “The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be

denied or abridged by the US or any State on account of sex.”• Gave women rights to vote

• Women’s Suffrage Movement• Seneca Falls, 1848– 1st women’s rights convention

• Declaration of Sentiments

– Leaders included many women

Old Enough to Fight, Old Enough to Vote

• The 26th Amendment, 1970– “The right of citizens of the US, who are 18 years old or

older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any State on account of age.”• Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

• The Vietnam War– The military draft

• Extending the Voting Right Act of 1965– Oregon appealded to the Supreme Court

• An issue of fairness– Fast Approval

Review

13th Amendment• 1865

1868• 14th

Amendment

15th Amendment• 1870

1920• 19th

Amendment

26th Amendment• 1970

Voting Rights in Washington, DC

• The 23rd Amendment– “The District constituting the seat of Government of

the US shall appoint…a number of electors of President and Vice President”• Granted residents in the District of Columbia the right to

vote for president and vice president

– Originally in the Constitution• Voter eligibility required that residents had to live in states

– The amendment also capped the number of electors at 3 to match that of the smallest state

Poll Taxes

24th Amendment

“The right of citizens of the US to vote…for President or Vice President…for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or

abridged by the US or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.”

Prohibits the requirement of poll taxes

to vote in elections

Idea behind the Poll Tax1. Those who contribute to society should have a say in

government

The poll tax after the Civil War1. Used in the South to prevent African Americans from voting

Income Taxes

• The 16th Amendment– “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect

taxes on income, from whatever source derived”• Congress can enact a federal income tax

– The Constitution sets limits on how Congress can levy taxes

– Direct taxes are tied to population– Expense of war and a growing population– Government needed more money

Prohibition and Repeal

• The 18th Amendment– Allowed Congress to outlaw the production, sale, and

transportation of liquor• Ratified 18th Amendment as a result of the prohibition

movement

– Life during prohibition• Bootleggers

– Support of the Prohibition movement declined• Anti-prohibitionists and the election of 1932

• The 21st Amendment– Repealed the 18th Amendment

Review

•Voting rights for residents in the District of Columbia23rd Amendment

•Poll taxes24th Amendment

•Income taxes16th Amendment

•Prohibition18th Amendment

•Repeal of Prohibition21st Amendment

The Political System The 11th Amendment

• Prohibits individuals from one-state from suing another state• Preserves state’s independence

The 12th Amendment

• Altered processes of how president/vice president were elected• Changed the Electoral College procedure

17th Amendment

• Allows citizens to vote for senators directly• Previous selection by state legislatures led to problem

• Not accountable to the people, which led corruption• Better representation of direct democracy

Lame Ducks and Term Limits

• The 20th Amendment– “The terms of the President and the Vice President

shall end noon on the 20th of January, & the terms of the Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd of January.”• Set January 3rd as opening of congressional session• Set January 20th as inauguration day for the President

– The Lame Duck Amendment– Waited for the New Deal

Term Limits for Presidents

• The 22nd Amendment– “No person shall be elected to the office of the

President more than twice.”• Set a 2-term limit for the president

– No term limits in the Constitution• 2-term tradition began by George Washington

– FDR was elected president 4 times• Great Depression and World War 2

Presidential Succession

• 25th Amendment– “In case of the removal of the President from office or

his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.”• Set rules for succession of the president and replacement of

vice president

– Clarifies the roles of the vice President– If president can’t fulfill duties

• The roles of the vice president and the cabinet

– The order of succession• Presidential succession Act of 1947

Congressional Pay

• 27th Amendment– “No law, varying the compensation for the services

of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.”• Prevents congressional members from voting for a pay

raise for themselves and then collecting it immediately• Must wait until after the following election

– Proposed with the Bill of Rights• Amendment was added to the Constitution as a result of

citizen action

Review11th Amendment Prohibits individuals from 1 state from suing another

12th Amendment Altered processes of how president and vice president are elected

17th Amendment Allows citizens to vote for senators directly

20th Amendment Set January 3 and20th as opening of congressional session and inauguration day for the president

22nd Amendment Set a 2-term limit for the president

25th Amendment Set rules for succession of the president and replacement of vice president

27th Amendment Prevents congressional members from voting for a pay raise for themselves and then collect it immediately

Q and A’s

• What was prohibited by the 18th Amendment?

• A.• the production, sale, and transportation of

liquor

• Which amendment defines citizenship, prevents states from denying due process, and provides equal protection to all people?

• B.• 14th Amendment

• During the Vietnam War, what voting rights were changed by the 26th Amendment?

• A.• It lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 so

those going to war could vote on the politicians deciding their future.

• What does the 17th Amendment say?

• D.• People vote directly for senators.

• Which amendment gave African American men the right to vote?C.

• 15th Amendment

Which amendment is credited to Susan B. Anthony and the suffragists?

• A. 19th Amendment ,which gives women the right to vote

• When the 23rd Amendment was passed, it gave voting rights to residents of Washington, DC. Why were they excluded from all of the previous amendments that gave voting rights?

• B.• Washington, DC is not a part of a state; the

original Constitution says that only the residents of states were eligible to vote for president.

• The 13th Amendment overturned the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision. Which right did this amendment grant?

• D.• It abolished slavery in all states.

• How long was it from the time African American men were given the right to vote until women were given the right to vote?

• C.• almost 50 years

• Which US citizens were the last to be given the right to vote for president and vice president? D.

• residents of Washington, DC